CATEGORY HUB
Cognition
Cognition verdicts ranked by evidence score. 174 verdicts in this category.
64 foods and supplements claimed to help cognition, ranked by evidence
Drugs and procedures removed — only what you swallow, ordered by how strong the evidence is.
Cognition Evidence Ranking
Within this category, verdicts with higher evidence scores appear first. Verdicts without a score stay lower in the same list.
| A | 97 | Mechanical thrombectomy (emergency endovascular procedure using a stent retriever or aspiration) | Reduced disability and dependence and increased functional independence at 90 days after acute ischemic stroke caused by anterior-circulation large-vessel occlusion |
| A | 93 | Aspirin 160 to 300 mg, administered orally in acute care by clinicians | Reduced early death and recurrent stroke when started within 48 hours of acute ischemic stroke after intracranial hemorrhage has been excluded |
| A | 90 | Carotid endarterectomy (standard vascular surgical procedure, non-drug intervention) | Prevention of ipsilateral stroke and stroke death after recent TIA or nondisabling stroke with 70% to 99% carotid stenosis |
| A | 90 | Levodopa–carbidopa, a prescription dopamine-precursor and peripheral decarboxylase-inhibitor combination | Improvement of tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia in Parkinson disease |
| A | 86 | Alteplase (intravenous thrombolytic tPA, Actilyse, prescription medicine) | Reduced 90-day disability and dependence in eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke |
| A | 85 | Whole-body therapeutic hypothermia (a neonatal intensive-care procedure) | Prevention of death or severe neurodevelopmental disability in neonates with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy |
| A | 84 | Sumatriptan (a prescription 5-HT1B/1D triptan; Imigran or Sumitran) | Two-hour pain freedom and relief of nausea and photophobia during acute migraine attacks in adults |
| B | 79 | Organised inpatient stroke-unit care (a multidisciplinary specialist-ward system for admitted patients) | Reduced death, dependency, and institutional care after acute stroke |
| B | 78 | Anterior temporal lobectomy (prescribed lesion-resection neurosurgery) | Sustained freedom from awareness-impairing and all seizures in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy |
| B | 78 | Endovascular coil embolization for intracranial aneurysm (prescription neurointerventional procedure) | Reduced death or dependency at one year in ruptured intracranial aneurysms suitable for either coiling or clipping |
| B | 77 | Nimodipine (a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker and oral prescription drug) | Prevention of poor neurological outcome, including death or severe disability, after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| B | 76 | OROS methylphenidate (extended-release central nervous system stimulant; controlled prescription drug; Concerta) | Reduction of core inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents aged six years or older |
| B | 76 | Ocrelizumab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, Ocrevus, prescription biologic) | Prevention of clinical relapses and sustained disability progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis |
| B | 76 | Tenecteplase (modified tissue plasminogen activator thrombolytic; prescription intravenous injection) | Reduced disability and dependence and improved functional independence at 90 days in eligible acute ischemic stroke |
| B | 76 | Live-attenuated herpes zoster vaccine, Zostavax | Reduction or delay of new dementia diagnoses in older adults |
| B | 76 | Cataract extraction, usually removal of the cloudy lens with intraocular-lens implantation | Reduced incident dementia in older adults |
| B | 76 | Targeted temperature management at 33°C for 24 hours after nonshockable cardiac arrest | Increased survival with favorable neurologic function at day 90 |
| B | 75 | Rimegepant (oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, gepant, and prescription medicine) | Freedom from pain and the most bothersome associated symptom two hours after dosing for acute migraine in adults |
| B | 75 | Ethosuximide (succinimide antiseizure medicine, Zarontin, prescription medicine) | Seizure freedom and prevention of treatment failure in childhood absence seizures |
| B | 74 | Topiramate (a sulfamate-substituted antiseizure prescription drug; Topamax) | Reduced monthly attack frequency and prevention of migraine in adults |
| B | 74 | Valproic acid or sodium valproate (broad-spectrum antiseizure medicine, Depakine, prescription drug) | Suppression of seizure recurrence and achievement of 12-month remission in newly diagnosed generalized or unclassifiable epilepsy |
| B | 74 | Intramuscular midazolam (benzodiazepine; prescription injection) | Seizure cessation before emergency-department arrival in prehospital convulsive status epilepticus |
| B | 74 | Perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen, with or without indapamide | Prevention of recurrent stroke after stroke or transient ischemic attack |
| B | 73 | Atomoxetine (prescription selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and nonstimulant) | Reduced core inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms in adult ADHD |
| B | 73 | Early decompressive hemicraniectomy (emergency prescription neurosurgery) | Reduced combined risk of death and severe disability when performed within 48 hours for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction |
| B | 72 | Hearing aids (air-conduction hearing-assistance medical devices) | Improved conversational listening and hearing-related quality of life in adults with mild to moderate hearing loss |
| B | 72 | Mechanical thrombectomy for acute basilar-artery occlusion | Reduced 90-day disability and increased good functional status after acute basilar-artery occlusion stroke |
| B | 72 | Ward protocol for fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing | Reducing death or dependency after acute stroke |
| B | 70 | Galantamine (Reminyl, prescription cholinesterase inhibitor) | Delayed decline in cognition and daily function in Alzheimer's dementia |
| B | 70 | Rivastigmine transdermal patch (prescription AChE and BuChE inhibitor; Exelon) | Symptomatic attenuation of cognitive and daily-function decline in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease |
| B | 70 | Lacosamide (functionalized-amino-acid antiseizure medicine; Vimpat; prescription medicine) | Maintenance of six-month seizure freedom as monotherapy for newly diagnosed focal or primary generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy |
| B | 70 | High-flow 100% oxygen (acute inhalation at 12 L/min through a non-rebreather mask) | Pain freedom or adequate relief within 15 minutes during an acute cluster-headache attack |
| B | 70 | OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox intramuscular injection) | Improvement of abnormal posture, neck pain, and disability in cervical dystonia |
| B | 70 | Stroke early supported discharge in which a specialist multidisciplinary team accelerates hospital discharge and continues rehabilitation at home | Reduced death or dependency after mild-to-moderate stroke |
| B | 69 | Donepezil (cholinesterase inhibitor, prescription drug; Aricept) | Symptomatic relief of cognition and daily function in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer dementia |
| B | 69 | Lamotrigine (phenyltriazine antiseizure medicine, Lamictal, prescription drug) | Suppression of seizure recurrence and 12-month seizure remission in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy |
| B | 68 | Carbamazepine (dibenzazepine antiseizure medicine, Tegretol, prescription medicine) | Suppression of seizure recurrence and 12-month seizure remission in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy |
| B | 68 | Interferon beta-1a (immunomodulatory biologic, Rebif, prescription injection) | Prevention of clinical relapses and disability progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis |
| B | 68 | Oxcarbazepine (sodium-channel-blocking antiseizure medicine, Trileptal, oral prescription drug) | Maintenance of 24- and 48-week seizure freedom with monotherapy in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy |
| B | 68 | Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid, intravenous prescription medicine) | Reduced death and poor neurological outcome when given immediately before or with antibiotics in adults with bacterial meningitis |
| B | 68 | Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic | Two-hour pain relief during an acute migraine attack |
| B | 66 | Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | Migraine prevention |
| B | 66 | Vortioxetine (Brintellix, prescription antidepressant) | Cognitive and processing-speed improvement independent of depression improvement |
| B | 66 | Fremanezumab (anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody, Ajovy, prescription medicine) | Prevention of episodic and chronic migraine with fewer monthly migraine days |
| B | 65 | Memantine (NMDA receptor antagonist, Ebixa, prescription medicine) | Delayed decline in cognition and daily function in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease |
| B | 65 | Galcanezumab (anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody; Emgality; prescription drug) | Reduction in monthly migraine headache days in adults with episodic or chronic migraine |
| B | 64 | Atogepant (oral CGRP receptor antagonist, Aquipta, prescription) | Reduction in monthly migraine days in adults with episodic or chronic migraine |
| B | 62 | Lasmiditan, a prescription selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist ditan sold as Reyvow | Pain freedom two hours after dosing for an acute migraine attack |
| B | 60 | Creatine monohydrate, cognition axis | Improved memory and reasoning during sleep deprivation and in vegetarians |
| C | 59 | Acetaminophen or paracetamol (nonopioid analgesic, nonprescription drug; Tylenol) | Pain freedom within two hours during an acute episodic tension-type headache |
| C | 58 | Blueberry concentrate | Improved memory and cognitive function |
| C | 58 | Lecanemab (anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, Leqembi, prescription) | Slowing cognitive and functional decline in amyloid-confirmed early Alzheimer's disease |
| C | 58 | Cenobamate (antiseizure medicine; Xcopri; prescription medicine) | Complete seizure freedom as adjunctive therapy for focal seizures uncontrolled by existing medicines in adults |
| C | 57 | Sage extract (Salvia officinalis/lavandulifolia) | Improvement of memory and attention |
| C | 56 | Habitual intake of edible mushrooms without a specified species | Prevention of incident dementia over long-term follow-up |
| C | 56 | Ten-year moving-average PM2.5 exposure assigned to residential addresses | Higher incidence of dementia |
| C | 56 | Periodontitis and tooth-loss status measured by clinical periodontal examination | Increased incidence of dementia |
| C | 56 | Multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium-prevention care bundle | Reduction of incident delirium among adults hospitalized outside intensive care |
| C | 56 | Total physical activity measured once by seven-day wrist accelerometry | Lower incidence of dementia |
| C | 56 | Shift and night work | Higher incidence of dementia |
| C | 55 | Lion's mane mushroom (Lion's mane, Hericium erinaceus) | cognition, memory, and nerves |
| C | 55 | Huperzine A (derived from club moss) | Memory and cognition |
| C | 55 | Lactiplantibacillus plantarum C29-fermented soybean complex (DW2009) | Improvement of memory and attention in mild cognitive impairment |
| C | 55 | Magnesium | Prevention of migraine attacks and reduction in frequency |
| C | 55 | Coenzyme Q10, migraine-efficacy axis | Reduction in migraine-attack frequency and duration in adults |
| C | 55 | OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox; prescription injection) | Reduced monthly headache days in adults with chronic migraine |
| C | 54 | Melatonin 3 mg (immediate-release indoleamine supplement or medicine) | Reduction of monthly migraine days and prevention of adult migraine |
| C | 54 | Propranolol, a nonselective beta blocker | Reduction in attack frequency for adult episodic migraine prevention |
| C | 54 | Subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg | Pain freedom or relief within 15 minutes of an acute cluster headache attack |
| C | 54 | CEFALY external trigeminal nerve stimulation device | Reduction in episodic migraine days with daily preventive use |
| C | 54 | Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant prescribed off label for adult migraine prevention | Reduction in monthly migraine days and increased 50% response in adults |
| C | 54 | One whole Brazil nut daily | Improved cognition in mild cognitive impairment |
| C | 54 | Curry meals combining turmeric with other spices, fat, and main ingredients | Lower cognitive decline and incidence of mild cognitive impairment or dementia |
| C | 54 | Midlife alcohol intake of 1-14 UK units/week (8-112 g ethanol/week) | Prevention of incident dementia |
| C | 54 | Drinking coffee, at least 28 oz/day, about 828 mL, brewing method unknown | Prevention of incident Parkinson disease |
| C | 54 | Habitual daytime napping, especially naps shorter than 30 minutes | Prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in later life |
| C | 54 | A 50-to-55-minute nature walk for adults with major depressive disorder | Immediate improvement in working-memory performance |
| C | 54 | PDE5 inhibitors | Reduced incidence of Alzheimer disease |
| C | 54 | Frequency of regular Finnish sauna bathing | Reduced incidence of dementia |
| C | 54 | Current dog ownership | Reduced incident disabling dementia |
| C | 54 | Screen exposure at age one, including television, DVDs, games, mobile phones, and tablets | More developmental screening delay at ages two and four |
| C | 54 | A mobile stroke unit equipped with CT, point-of-care testing, neurologic evaluation, and thrombolysis | Reduced disability and increased functional independence at 90 days |
| C | 54 | The INTERACT3 early goal-directed care bundle for acute intracerebral hemorrhage | Improved functional recovery at six months |
| C | 54 | A 36 mg/dL treatment-threshold strategy for neonatal hypoglycemia | Noninferior Bayley neurodevelopment at 18 months versus a 47 mg/dL threshold |
| C | 54 | Inebilizumab | Reduced independently adjudicated NMOSD relapse |
| C | 52 | Bacopa monnieri (brahmi) | Memory and cognition |
| C | 52 | L-tyrosine | Stress, focus, and cognitive performance |
| C | 52 | Enzymatically hydrolyzed Tremella fuciformis extract | Improvement of age-related cognitive function |
| C | 52 | Gastrodia elata extract | Improvement of memory and cognitive function |
| C | 52 | MCT oil (medium-chain triglycerides, C8 and C10) | Improved memory and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease |
| C | 52 | Donanemab (anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody; prescription intravenous Kisunla) | Slowed cognitive and functional decline in amyloid-confirmed early symptomatic Alzheimer disease |
| C | 51 | Heat-treated green tea extract | Improvement of memory and concentration |
| C | 51 | L-theanine (a green-tea-derived amino-acid supplement) | Improved attention and choice reaction time after a single dose in healthy adults |
| C | 50 | Alpha-GPC (alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, choline alfoscerate) | Cognition and exercise performance |
| C | 50 | Acupuncture using true needle treatment | Preventive reduction in episodic migraine attack frequency |
| C | 50 | Rimegepant, 75 mg orally every other day | Reduction in monthly migraine days for adult migraine prevention |
| C | 50 | CEFALY external trigeminal nerve stimulation device | Increased freedom from pain at two hours during an acute migraine attack |
| C | 50 | Nonimmersive virtual-reality rehabilitation using Nintendo Wii upper-limb tasks | Superior post-stroke arm recovery versus time-matched recreational activity |
| C | 50 | Ubrogepant, an oral CGRP receptor antagonist | Freedom from pain and the most bothersome associated symptom two hours after treatment of an acute migraine |
| C | 50 | Mixtures of artificial food colors plus 45 mg/day sodium benzoate | Increased hyperactivity scores in children from the general population |
| C | 50 | Low-protein products with protein redistribution during levodopa therapy | Reduced daily motor off time |
| C | 50 | Patisiran | Improvement in the 18-month mNIS+7 neurologic impairment score in hereditary ATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy |
| C | 49 | Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) | Cognition and diabetic neuropathy |
| C | 48 | Cocoa flavanols (cocoa polyphenols) | Cognitive function and vascular/blood-flow health |
| C | 48 | High-polyphenol spearmint extract, Neumentix | Improvement of working memory and attention |
| C | 46 | Magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) | Memory, executive function, and increased brain magnesium |
| C | 46 | High-bioavailability curcumin (Theracurmin curcumin, a curcuminoid polyphenol supplement) | Improved memory and attention in middle-aged and older adults without dementia |
| C | 46 | Mechanical ventilation that lowers indoor carbon dioxide | Improved simulated decision-making performance in office workers |
| C | 46 | A one-session condition silencing incoming call and text notifications and putting the phone away | Fewer sustained-attention task errors |
| C | 46 | Action, non-action, and Tetris-like video-game training | Improved untrained general cognitive ability |
| C | 45 | Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (Ginkgo biloba; flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids/terpene lactones) | Memory, cognition, and blood circulation |
| C | 45 | Phosphatidylserine (PS) | Cognition, memory, and concentration |
| C | 45 | Whole coffee fruit extract (NeuroFactor/CognatiQ) | Improvement in BDNF, focus, and memory |
| C | 45 | Oral magnesium, a mineral supplement supplied in different magnesium salts | Reduction of migraine attack frequency in adults |
| C | 44 | NVP-2106 probiotic blend of Limosilactobacillus mucosae NK41 and Bifidobacterium longum NK46 | Improvement in memory and cognitive function |
| C | 44 | Multivitamin-mineral supplement (once-daily oral tablet) | Delayed decline in global cognition and episodic memory in older adults |
| C | 43 | Saffron extract from Crocus sativus, a botanical supplement containing crocin and safranal | Reduced core inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents |
| C | 42 | Uridine monophosphate (UMP) | Memory, cognition, and synaptic health |
| C | 42 | Aster glehni extract powder | Improvement of age-related cognitive decline |
| C | 42 | Rosemary extract | Improved memory and concentration |
| C | 42 | Citicoline (CDP-choline, Cognizin, dietary supplement) | Improved age-related memory and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults |
| C | 40 | DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol) | Improvement in memory and focus |
| C | 40 | Polygala tenuifolia root extract | Improvement of memory, learning, and forgetfulness |
| D | 34 | Dihexa (PNB-0408, research-use peptide-like compound marketed for oral use) | Enhanced memory and concentration in healthy adults by promoting synaptogenesis |
| D | 34 | Hearing-aid-based hearing intervention (prescription or over-the-counter air-conduction hearing-assistance device) | Prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults with hearing loss |
| D | 34 | Robot-assisted upper-limb training using the MIT-Manus repetitive-rehabilitation system | Superior arm-function recovery after stroke compared with usual rehabilitation |
| D | 34 | Pediatric adenotonsillectomy | Improved attention and executive function in children with sleep-disordered breathing |
| D | 34 | Green leafy vegetables as a group | Slower cognitive decline and prevention of dementia |
| D | 34 | Frozen cod fillets, 200 g twice weekly from gestational weeks 20 to 36 | Improved infant cognitive, language, and motor development at 11 months |
| D | 34 | MIND dietary pattern | Prevention of cognitive decline |
| D | 34 | Ten sessions of adaptive dual-attention speed-of-processing cognitive training | Reduction of claims-diagnosed dementia over 20 years in initially healthy adults aged 65 or older |
| D | 34 | Night-time earplugs | Reduced incidence of strict ICU delirium |
| D | 34 | Frequent, higher-dose out-of-bed mobilisation started within 24 hours after stroke in addition to usual stroke-unit care | Increase in favorable three-month functional outcome, modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 |
| D | 34 | Intracranial arterial stenting added to aggressive medical therapy | Reduced recurrent stroke in severe symptomatic intracranial stenosis |
| D | 34 | Lying-flat head position for 24 hours after acute stroke | Reduced 90-day disability versus sitting up at 30 degrees or more |
| D | 34 | Five intravenous doses of high-dose epoetin alfa 1000 IU/kg added to therapeutic hypothermia | Reduced death or neurodevelopmental disability in moderate or severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy |
| D | 30 | Phosphatidylcholine/lecithin | Cognition and liver |
| D | 30 | Donepezil (cholinesterase inhibitor; Aricept; prescription) | Prevention of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease |
| D | 30 | High-dose biotin (MD1003, oral biotin 100 mg three times daily) | Reversal of walking impairment and disability in progressive multiple sclerosis |
| D | 30 | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (pressurized-chamber oxygen procedure) | Improvement of headache, cognitive, and emotional symptoms in persistent postconcussion syndrome |
| D | 30 | Percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure | Reduced or eliminated migraine attacks in medication-refractory migraine |
| D | 30 | Nitrate-rich beetroot juice | Cognitive performance and cerebral blood flow in older adults |
| D | 30 | Advice to add 1.5 L of water per day to usual intake | Reduction in days with at least moderate headache among people with recurrent headaches |
| D | 30 | Routine use of aluminum pots, pans, and cookware | Increased incidence of dementia or Alzheimer disease |
| D | 30 | Periodontitis diagnosis and treatment-need records in national health insurance data | Increased incidence of Parkinson disease |
| D | 29 | Methylphenidate, a prescription central nervous system stimulant; cognitive enhancement in healthy people is off-label | Improved concentration, examination scores, and academic performance in healthy students without ADHD |
| D | 28 | HongJam steamed mature silkworm hydrolysate or powder (individually recognized functional ingredient) | Improved memory and global cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment |
| D | 28 | Selenium (an antioxidant trace mineral supplement) | Prevention of cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, and dementia in cognitively normal older adults |
| D | 28 | Extended-release exenatide (2 mg once-weekly subcutaneous injection) | Long-term slowing of motor-symptom progression in Parkinson's disease |
| D | 28 | Intranasal regular insulin, 40 IU per day | Delay cognitive and daily-function decline in mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer disease. |
| D | 28 | Oral gabapentin | Prevention of attack frequency in adult episodic migraine |
| D | 28 | Whole walnuts, 30 to 60 g daily | Prevention of age-related cognitive decline |
| D | 28 | Matcha powdered drink, two servings daily, providing 3 g matcha | Prevention of overall cognitive decline in older adults |
| D | 28 | Hydrogen-dissolved water prescribed at 500 mL/day | Slower one-year cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment |
| D | 28 | Oral succimer chelation, also known as DMSA | Improved cognitive, behavioral, and neuropsychological development in children with blood lead levels of 20 to 44 µg/dL |
| D | 28 | Tofersen | Change in the 28-week ALSFRS-R functional score in SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| D | 26 | Scallop- or ascidian-derived plasmalogens in finished memory products | Improved memory and global cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment |
| D | 25 | High-dose vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) | Prevention of dementia and Alzheimer disease in the general older population |
| D | 25 | Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA fish-oil fatty-acid supplement, cognition claim) | Prevention of memory decline and incident dementia in cognitively healthy older adults |
| D | 25 | EEG neurofeedback (electroencephalographic biofeedback training) | Improved attention and core symptoms in children with ADHD |
| D | 22 | Pregnenolone (neurosteroid and hormone-precursor supplement) | Improved memory, cognition, and brain aging in healthy middle-aged and older adults |
| F | 14 | Low-dose aspirin (100 mg; antiplatelet drug) | Prevention of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline in healthy older adults |
| F | 12 | Combined vitamins B6, B12, and folate | Prevention of dementia and cognitive decline by lowering homocysteine |
| F | 12 | OnabotulinumtoxinA, an intramuscular botulinum toxin type A injection | Prevention of attack frequency in episodic migraine |
| F | 10 | Oral semaglutide 14 mg tablet | Delayed cognitive and functional decline in early Alzheimer disease |
| F | 10 | Testosterone (1% transdermal gel) | Improved memory and cognition in older men with low testosterone |
| F | 10 | Bed rest after lumbar puncture instead of immediate mobilization | Prevention of post-puncture headache |
| F | 8 | Citicoline, or CDP-choline, a choline-related phospholipid precursor sold as a supplement and used as a medicine in some countries | Increased 90-day functional independence and neurological recovery after moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke |
| F | 8 | Coenzyme Q10, including ubiquinone and ubiquinol, a mitochondrial quinone antioxidant supplement | Delayed UPDRS functional decline and disease progression in early Parkinson disease |
| F | 8 | Creatine monohydrate (a guanidino ergogenic supplement) | Delayed long-term clinical progression and functional decline in early Parkinson disease |
| F | 8 | High-dose methylprednisolone (prescription systemic glucocorticoid) | Improved survival and neurologic recovery after acute traumatic brain injury |
| F | 5 | Apoaequorin, marketed as Prevagen | Improvement in age-related memory decline and cognitive function |
| ? | score not listed | N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (NALT, dietary supplement) | Greater absorption than ordinary L-tyrosine, leading to improved focus and cognition under stress |
| ? | score not listed | Cooked whole ginkgo nuts | Improved memory |