CATEGORY HUB
Blood Sugar
Blood Sugar verdicts ranked by evidence score. 134 verdicts in this category.
70 foods and supplements claimed to help blood sugar, ranked by evidence
Drugs and procedures removed — only what you swallow, ordered by how strong the evidence is.
Blood Sugar Evidence Ranking
Within this category, verdicts with higher evidence scores appear first. Verdicts without a score stay lower in the same list.
| A | 88 | Canagliflozin (a prescription SGLT2 inhibitor; Invokana) | Reduced end-stage kidney disease, doubling of creatinine, and kidney or cardiovascular death in albuminuric type 2 diabetic chronic kidney disease |
| A | 86 | Metformin (prescription biguanide oral glucose-lowering medicine) | Reduction of glycemia (HbA1c and fasting glucose) in type 2 diabetes, especially in newly diagnosed overweight patients, including evidence that intensive treatment reduced mortality and myocardial infarction in that population |
| A | 85 | Empagliflozin (Jardiance, an SGLT2 inhibitor) | Glycemic control in type 2 diabetes and reduction of cardiovascular and kidney events |
| A | 84 | Semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist; Ozempic and Rybelsus) | Lower HbA1c in type 2 diabetes and reduce major cardiovascular events in high-risk patients |
| A | 84 | Insulin glargine (a prescription long-acting basal insulin analog biologic, marketed as Lantus) | Basal glucose and HbA1c control with mealtime insulin in type 1 diabetes |
| A | 84 | Dapagliflozin, a prescription sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor marketed as Farxiga | Reduced risk of sustained 50% eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, and kidney or cardiovascular death in albuminuric chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes |
| A | 82 | Losartan potassium (angiotensin II receptor blocker, prescription drug; Cozaar) | Reduced risk of end-stage kidney disease and worsening renal function in type 2 diabetic nephropathy with proteinuria |
| B | 79 | D-glucose or dextrose (rapid-acting monosaccharide; nonprescription medical product) | Correction of symptomatic nonsevere hypoglycemia within 15 minutes in a conscious person with diabetes |
| B | 79 | Recombinant glucagon (a hyperglycemic peptide-hormone emergency medicine supplied as a prescription injection, including GlucaGen HypoKit) | Emergency restoration of blood glucose in severe diabetic hypoglycemia when the person cannot swallow and requires help from another person |
| B | 79 | Semaglutide 1.0 mg as a once-weekly prescription subcutaneous injection | Reduced kidney failure, major loss of kidney function, and kidney or cardiovascular death in chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes |
| B | 78 | Insulin degludec (prescription ultra-long-acting basal insulin biologic; Tresiba) | Reduction of symptomatic and severe hypoglycemia versus glargine U100 at similar glycemic control in high-risk type 1 diabetes |
| B | 78 | Pioglitazone (thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer; prescription drug; Actos) | Prevention of recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in insulin-resistant adults without diabetes |
| B | 77 | Finerenone (nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist; prescription Kerendia) | Reduced kidney-failure progression and cardiovascular events in albuminuric chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes |
| B | 77 | Insulin lispro (prescription rapid-acting insulin analogue injection; Humalog) | Mealtime control of postprandial glucose and HbA1c in type 1 diabetes, with reduced postprandial excursions and hypoglycemia versus regular human insulin |
| B | 76 | Tirzepatide (dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist; prescription injection, Mounjaro) | Delayed or prevented progression to type 2 diabetes in adults with obesity and prediabetes |
| B | 76 | Captopril (oral prescription angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor) | Reduced risk of death, dialysis, or kidney transplantation in proteinuric diabetic nephropathy from type 1 diabetes |
| B | 76 | Non-removable pressure off-loading with a total contact cast | Complete healing of noninfected, nonischemic neuropathic plantar diabetic foot ulcers |
| B | 76 | Empagliflozin 10 mg, a prescription SGLT2 inhibitor | Reduction of kidney-disease progression or cardiovascular death in adults with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression |
| B | 75 | Metformin (prescription biguanide; Glucophage) | Delay or prevention of type 2 diabetes in high-risk adults with prediabetes |
| B | 74 | Irbesartan (an oral prescription angiotensin-receptor blocker, marketed as Avapro) | Prevention of doubling of serum creatinine and progression to end-stage renal disease in proteinuric type 2 diabetic nephropathy |
| B | 72 | Dulaglutide (once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist; prescription injection, Trulicity) | Lower HbA1c in type 2 diabetes and reduce major adverse cardiovascular events in people at high cardiovascular risk |
| B | 72 | Liraglutide 1.8 mg (GLP-1 receptor agonist; prescription injection, Victoza) | Reduced three-point MACE consisting of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk |
| B | 72 | Insulin degludec | Cardiovascular noninferiority with fewer severe hypoglycemic events |
| B | 70 | Rigid rocker-sole therapeutic footwear | Prevention of recurrent healed plantar ulcer |
| B | 68 | Berberine | Blood glucose, cholesterol, and lipids |
| B | 68 | Orlistat (gastrointestinal and pancreatic lipase inhibitor; prescription drug, Xenical) | Prevention of type 2 diabetes onset in adults with obesity and impaired glucose tolerance |
| B | 67 | Sotagliflozin (prescription dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor; INPEFA) | Reduction in the composite of cardiovascular death, heart-failure hospitalization, and urgent heart-failure visits after recent worsening heart failure in type 2 diabetes |
| B | 66 | Cinnamon (cinnamon; mainly cassia cinnamon/Ceylon cinnamon and cinnamon extract) | blood glucose |
| C | 59 | Psyllium husk | Improvement of postprandial glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes |
| C | 59 | Tirzepatide (a prescription injectable dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist; Mounjaro) | Reduced glycated hemoglobin and body weight in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin |
| C | 59 | Insulin aspart (rapid-acting insulin analogue; prescription injection, NovoRapid/NovoLog) | Improved postprandial glucose and HbA1c as mealtime insulin in type 1 diabetes |
| C | 59 | Acarbose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, Glucobay, prescription medicine) | Delay or prevention of type 2 diabetes onset in adults with impaired glucose tolerance |
| C | 58 | Okra extract (Abelmoschus esculentus) | Improvement in postprandial glucose and HbA1c |
| C | 58 | D-allulose (D-psicose) | Attenuation of postprandial glucose rise |
| C | 58 | Enavogliflozin (SGLT2 inhibitor, Envlo, Korean-developed prescription drug) | Improved HbA1c and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes |
| C | 58 | Gliclazide modified release (second-generation sulfonylurea oral prescription glucose-lowering medicine; Diamicron MR) | Lower HbA1c in adults with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes |
| C | 58 | Gemigliptin (prescription oral DPP-4 inhibitor, marketed as Zemiglo) | Reduction of HbA1c and fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes |
| C | 58 | Insulin icodec (ultra-long-acting basal insulin, Awiqli, prescription injection) | Once-weekly dosing provides HbA1c control at least as good as once-daily glargine in insulin-naive type 2 diabetes |
| C | 56 | Ivy gourd leaf extract (Coccinia indica, Coccinia cordifolia, Coccinia grandis) | Improved fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes or prediabetes |
| C | 56 | Glimepiride (second-generation sulfonylurea; prescription oral glucose-lowering drug marketed as Amaryl) | Reduction of fasting and postprandial glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise |
| C | 56 | Increased brewed coffee intake | Prevention of incident type 2 diabetes |
| C | 56 | Unprocessed beef, pork, and lamb analyzed separately from processed meat | Increased incidence of type 2 diabetes |
| C | 56 | Tirzepatide | Noninferiority to dulaglutide for major cardiovascular events |
| C | 55 | Resistant maltodextrin (resistant maltodextrin/resistant dextrin) | Postprandial blood glucose, bowel movements, and triglycerides |
| C | 55 | Mulberry leaf extract (DNJ/1-deoxynojirimycin) | Postprandial blood glucose |
| C | 55 | Touchi extract (fermented soybean extract) | Suppression of postprandial blood glucose elevation |
| C | 55 | PMO wheat albumin | Delayed carbohydrate absorption and reduced postprandial glucose rise |
| C | 55 | Linagliptin (prescription DPP-4 inhibitor; Tradjenta) | Lower 24-week HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose in adults with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes |
| C | 55 | Teplizumab-mzwv (anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, TZIELD, prescription infusion) | Delay of progression from high-risk stage 2 to clinical stage 3 type 1 diabetes |
| C | 55 | Vegetables/protein-first, carbohydrates-last meal order (non-drug dietary intervention) | Blunting post-meal glucose and insulin surges in adults with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes |
| C | 55 | Orforglipron (oral nonpeptide GLP-1 receptor agonist tablet) | Reduction of glycated hemoglobin in early type 2 diabetes |
| C | 55 | Continuous glucose monitoring for type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin | Improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin |
| C | 54 | Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HAC01 | Reduced postprandial glucose rise in adults with prediabetes |
| C | 54 | Acarbose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, Glucobay, prescription medicine) | Reduced postprandial glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) |
| C | 54 | Repaglinide (oral prescription rapid-acting meglitinide insulin secretagogue; NovoNorm) | Lower postprandial glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet |
| C | 54 | Postprandial walking (a lifestyle, nonpharmacologic exercise intervention) | Suppression of postmeal glucose spikes in type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance by walking for 10 to 15 minutes immediately after meals |
| C | 54 | Injectable polydeoxyribonucleotide, or PDRN, using a Placentex-type prescription product | Increased complete closure of chronic diabetic foot ulcers by eight weeks |
| C | 54 | Fully cooked green lentils, 140 g per day | Reduced postprandial glucose response |
| C | 54 | Forty-eight milligrams of pure sucralose in water taken ten minutes before a glucose load | Worsened postprandial glucose and insulin responses |
| C | 54 | Early six-hour time-restricted feeding with dinner before 3 pm | Improved insulin sensitivity with calories set to weight-maintenance needs |
| C | 54 | Cumulative years of rotating night shifts, defined as at least three nights per month plus day or evening shifts | Increased incidence of type 2 diabetes |
| C | 54 | Seated soleus push-up | Reduced three-hour postprandial glucose excursion |
| C | 54 | Fast eating speed | Increased incidence of type 2 diabetes |
| C | 54 | Continuous plantar-pressure sensing insoles with smartwatch alerts and offloading guidance | Reduced recurrence of healed plantar diabetic foot ulcers |
| C | 53 | High-flavanol cocoa (cocoa flavanols; epicatechin-class polyphenols used as foods or supplements) | Improved fasting insulin and HOMA-IR |
| C | 52 | Vitamin C as oral tablets or capsules | Improved glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes |
| C | 50 | Banaba leaf extract (corosolic acid) | postprandial blood-glucose improvement |
| C | 50 | L-arabinose | Attenuation of sucrose digestion and absorption and postprandial glucose control |
| C | 50 | Voglibose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; Basen) | Prevention of diabetic and cardiovascular complications beyond postprandial glucose suppression |
| C | 50 | Curcumin extract (curcumin/turmeric extract, a turmeric polyphenol supplement) | Delay or prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes |
| C | 50 | Baked then chilled potato | Lower post-meal insulin response |
| C | 50 | Whole okra fruit powder | HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetes |
| C | 50 | Frozen farmed Atlantic salmon fillet, 150 g five times weekly | Improved postprandial glucose response in adults with overweight |
| C | 50 | White rice cooled for 24 hours at 4°C and then reheated | Reduced acute postprandial glycemic response |
| C | 50 | A carbohydrate drink taken the evening before and two hours before elective surgery | Attenuation of immediate postoperative insulin resistance |
| C | 50 | Textured insoles designed to stimulate plantar sensory receptors | Improved balance in diabetic peripheral neuropathy |
| C | 50 | MiniMed 670G hybrid closed-loop system | Increased time in range in adults with type 1 diabetes |
| C | 49 | Black seed oil (Nigella sativa) | Combined improvement of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids |
| C | 49 | Cumin (Cuminum cyminum, a culinary plant material used as food and in supplements) | Reduced fasting glucose and HbA1c as an adjunct in type 2 diabetes |
| C | 48 | Evening primrose seed extract (PGG) | Attenuation of postprandial blood-glucose rise |
| C | 47 | Apple cider vinegar | Improvement of postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and body weight |
| C | 46 | Chromium (mainly chromium picolinate) | blood-glucose management and dieting/weight loss |
| C | 46 | Ground pecans incorporated into prepared meals, about 42.5 g/day | Improved insulin resistance |
| C | 46 | Four grams of dried wakame, Undaria pinnatifida, consumed once with rice | Reduction of the acute postprandial glucose rise |
| C | 46 | Nonsurgical periodontal treatment centered on scaling and root planing in people with diabetes and periodontitis | Lower HbA1c and prevention of diabetic complications |
| C | 45 | Creatine monohydrate (a guanidino nutrient used as an oral sports supplement) | Improved HbA1c and postprandial glucose in people with type 2 diabetes receiving exercise therapy |
| C | 44 | Nopal/prickly pear cactus (Opuntia, prickly pear, nopal) | Blood glucose, weight loss, and cholesterol |
| C | 44 | Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract | Reduction of blood glucose and sugar cravings |
| C | 44 | D-pinitol | Insulin sensitivity and fasting and postprandial blood glucose |
| C | 44 | Baobab fruit powder (Adansonia digitata) | Suppression of the postprandial rise in blood glucose |
| C | 44 | Oral Aloe vera gel or extract (botanical dietary supplement) | Improvement of fasting glucose and HbA1c in prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes |
| C | 44 | Magnesium chloride (oral 5% solution, 382 mg elemental magnesium daily) | Improved fasting and post-load glucose in adults with both prediabetes and hypomagnesemia |
| C | 43 | Resistant starch | Improvement of insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose |
| C | 43 | Guava leaf extract | Improvement in postprandial glucose and HbA1c |
| C | 43 | Dangjo pepper dried powder (individually approved functional ingredient No. 2023-32) | Suppression of the postprandial rise in blood glucose |
| C | 42 | Moringa (Moringa oleifera) | Nutrition, blood glucose, antioxidant, and cholesterol |
| C | 42 | Continuous glucose monitor for people without diabetes (CGM, including FreeStyle Libre-type wearable medical devices) | Reduced postprandial glycemic variability and HbA1c through real-time feedback in healthy adults and adults with prediabetes |
| C | 40 | Salacia reticulata/oblonga extract | Suppression of the postprandial glucose rise |
| C | 40 | Vanadyl sulfate | Improvement in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose |
| C | 40 | Maitake SX-Fraction (Grifola frondosa) | Improvement in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose |
| D | 38 | Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, fat-soluble vitamin supplement) | Prevention of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in adults |
| D | 38 | Vitamin K2 MK-7 (menaquinone-7, fat-soluble vitamin supplement) | Improvement in fasting glucose and HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes |
| D | 37 | Kefir (a fermented milk containing mixed lactic-acid bacteria and yeasts; conventional food) | Improved fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| D | 34 | Intensive insulin glucose control in critical illness (target 81 to 108 mg/dL strategy) | Reduction of 90-day and in-hospital mortality in critically ill adults |
| D | 34 | Whole bok choy | Prevention of incident type 2 diabetes |
| D | 34 | Olive-oil canned sardines, 100 g twice weekly | Metabolic-risk markers and one-year diabetes incidence in older adults with prediabetes |
| D | 34 | Diet sodas and low-calorie drinks grouped as artificially sweetened beverages | Prevention of incident type 2 diabetes |
| D | 34 | Commercial pure fruit juice with no added sugar | Increased incidence of type 2 diabetes |
| D | 34 | Combined ACE inhibitor and angiotensin-receptor blocker therapy | Greater renal protection than monotherapy in chronic kidney disease |
| D | 31 | Chia seed (Salvia hispanica, a food or supplement containing fiber and alpha-linolenic acid) | Improved fasting glucose and HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes or overweight |
| D | 30 | Pressure-cooked parboiled brown rice | Improved HbA1c |
| D | 30 | Three grams per day of powder ground from whole green cardamom | Improved glucose and lipids in overweight or obese women with prediabetes |
| D | 30 | Well-formulated ketogenic diet | Greater HbA1c reduction than a Mediterranean diet |
| D | 30 | Red wine 150 mL/day with 16.9 g alcohol or white wine 150 mL/day with 15.8 g | Improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes |
| D | 30 | Daily foot self-inspection by people with diabetes | Independent prevention of foot lesions or ulceration |
| D | 28 | Bitter melon / Jerusalem artichoke (inulin) | blood-glucose control |
| D | 28 | Lobeglitazone (Korean prescription thiazolidinedione marketed as Duvie) | HbA1c improvement in type 2 diabetes leads to fewer cardiovascular and renal complications |
| D | 28 | Omega-3 EPA and DHA (fish oil, a long-chain n-3 PUFA supplement) | Primary prevention of new type 2 diabetes in adults |
| D | 28 | Nicotinamide riboside chloride (NR, an NAD+ precursor and vitamin B3 derivative supplement) | Improved insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose metabolism in adults with obesity and insulin resistance |
| D | 28 | Saxagliptin (an oral DPP-4 inhibitor glucose-lowering drug; Onglyza; prescription medicine) | Prevention of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high-risk type 2 diabetes |
| D | 28 | Ertugliflozin (prescription SGLT2 inhibitor; Steglatro) | Reduction of three-point MACE comprising cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke in type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular disease |
| D | 28 | Freeze-dried blueberry powder 26 g, equivalent to 150 g fresh fruit | Improved insulin resistance and tissue insulin sensitivity |
| D | 28 | Whole kombucha | Lower fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes |
| D | 28 | Five grams per day of dried Sargassum fusiforme, processed to reduce heavy metals | Improved weekly mean glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| D | 28 | One to three grams per day of powder ground from dried bay leaves | Lower fasting glucose in people with type 2 diabetes |
| D | 26 | Steviol glycosides, nonnutritive sweeteners derived from stevia | Treatment-level improvement of fasting glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes beyond sweetener substitution |
| D | 25 | Sitagliptin (prescription DPP-4 inhibitor) | HbA1c improvement leading to fewer major cardiovascular events |
| D | 24 | LGG plus BB-12 probiotics as oral capsules containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 | Prevention of gestational diabetes when taken during pregnancy |
| D | 21 | Nateglinide (prescription meglitinide insulin secretagogue, marketed as Fastic; prevention use is unapproved) | Prevention of diabetes onset and major cardiovascular events in people with impaired glucose tolerance |
| F | 12 | Once-daily finger-stick self-monitoring of blood glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes not using insulin | Improved hemoglobin A1c at 52 weeks |
| F | 10 | Selenium (antioxidant trace-mineral supplement; glycemic efficacy axis) | Prevention of type 2 diabetes and improved glycemic control through antioxidant action |
| F | 5 | Pemafibrate (selective PPAR-alpha modulator, Parmodia, prescription lipid-lowering drug) | Prevention of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in type 2 diabetes with hypertriglyceridemia |
| ? | score not listed | Dihydroberberine (DHB, GlucoVantage) | Improved postprandial glucose, insulin, and HbA1c |
| ? | score not listed | Commercial blue-agave syrup or agave nectar | Improved long-term HbA1c and diabetes management |