CHAMGAP
APPROVEDReviewed and approved by the Chamgap Editorial Team (2026-08-04). The draft was written by AI, the existence of all 1 cited sources was verified at the original page, and the verdict passed blind grading and adversarial audit. Methodology v0.6.
Verdict No. 2174 · Search date 2026-08-04 · Methodology v0.6

High-residue-classified produce,
does it really help with Lower clinical-pregnancy and live-birth success per assisted-reproduction cycle?

30-Second Summary
C
Evidence Grade C · 52 · Safety caution
IVF birth success was lower, but pesticide exposure was not measured directly in individual participants
Reducing pesticide exposure may be reasonable, but excessive restriction of fruits and vegetables while preparing for pregnancy can create nutritional disadvantages. Washing, dietary variety, and professional advice are preferable.
What the
research shows
The grade is C with 52 points. Across 541 assisted-reproduction cycles in 325 fertility-clinic patients, women consuming at least 2.3 daily servings of high-residue-classified produce had adjusted clinical-pregnancy probability 0.49 versus 0.67 and live-birth probability 0.39 versus 0.65 compared with those consuming under one serving. Live birth is an important event, but pesticides were not measured in each woman's food or urine. A single-clinic cohort combining self-reported diet with crop-average US surveillance categories cannot establish causation.
What the
ads claim
High-residue crop classification does not mean that pesticides were measured on a particular woman's apples or strawberries. The study cannot establish the causal effect of a specific pesticide, product, or switching to organic food.
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Useful facts when choosing a product

  • The residue-burden score summed US crop-average detection, tolerance-exceedance, and at-least-three-pesticide measures from zero to six; four or above was classified high residue.
  • No pesticide concentration was measured in individual participants' produce, blood, or urine.
  • The highest group consumed 2.3 to 6.8 servings/day versus 0.3 to 1.0 in the lowest; mean high-residue intake was 1.7 plus or minus 1.0 servings/day.
Gap Measurement · Verdict 2174 · C 52
What advertising claims
What independent, higher-quality research supports
△ GAP
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What the research actually shows

The prospective EARTH cohort included 325 women contributing one to six cycles each, 541 cycles total, from 2007 through 2016. Analyses used initiated cycles and cluster-weighted generalized estimating equations. One-year self-reported food frequency was linked to USDA surveillance measures: any detection, tolerance exceedance, and at least three detected pesticides. Their 0-to-6 sum classified 14 crops at four or above as high residue and 22 as low residue. Mean plus or minus standard deviation intake was 1.7 plus or minus 1.0 high-residue and 2.8 plus or minus 1.6 low-residue servings/day. The highest-quartile boundary was at least 2.3 servings/day, while its rounded median was 2.2. Models adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, race, folate, organic frequency, residential pesticide use, dietary patterns, energy, infertility diagnosis, and the opposite residue category. Funding came from NIEHS and NIDDK, and no conflicts were reported.

02

Why this is classified as C (52)

The large association with live birth is retained, but indirect exposure classification, multiple analyses, and residual confounding give C with 52 points.

Counterpoint. The direct population is women receiving IVF treatment, not women conceiving naturally or the general population.

Rejudgment record. Cross-check applied — Assessment of clinical-pregnancy and live-birth probabilities per initiated assisted-reproduction cycle together with misclassification and confounding from crop-level rather than individual pesticide measurement

Scoring profile behind this grade
EndpointHHard endpoint - actual events such as death
ReplicationR1Single confirmatory trial
IndependenceI2Decisive evidence is publicly or non-profit funded
Effect sizeE+Meets the clinically important threshold

The scoring table and the verdict agree (C).

Sub-claim grades by effect

This ingredient is marketed for several effects. A single overall grade blends strong and weak claims together, so each effect is graded separately here. The overall grade reflects the strongest disconfirming or core claim.

Effect (sub-claim)GradeBasis
Lower live birth per IVF cycleCAdjusted probability was 39% in the highest versus 65% in the lowest group.
Lower clinical pregnancy per IVF cycleCAdjusted probability was 49% in the highest versus 67% in the lowest group.
A specific pesticide causes lower live birth?Crop-average categories could not link a specific pesticide or individual dose to the outcome.

Cross-check — Codex and Claude

This verdict was drafted by Codex through literature review and source-existence checks, cross-checked through blind grading and adversarial audit, and settled by reapplying the methodology boundary rules. Cases with split grades were resolved through rejudgment.
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Evidence Table

StudyDesignSampleFundingEndpointResultWeight
Study 1Prospective single-fertility-center cohort analysis of repeated assisted-reproduction cycles228US public funding from NIEHS and NIDDKClinical pregnancy and live birth per initiated cycleAdjusted clinical pregnancy was 0.49 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.62) versus 0.67 (0.55 to 0.77), and live birth 0.39 (0.28 to 0.52) versus 0.65 (0.52 to 0.76), highest versus lowest high-residue groupPivotal observational birth-event evidence
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Receipt — 1 References

All 1 cited sources were verified for existence at the original page (as of 2026-08-04).

Chiu YH, Williams PL, Gillman MW, et al. Association Between Pesticide Residue Intake From Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment With Assisted Reproductive Technology. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(1):17-26. PMID: 29084307. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5038.
checked
Draft and rewrite: Codex (AI) · Verification: Codex blind grading and adversarial audit · Final adjudication: Claude
Reviewed and approved: Chamgap Editorial Team · Approval date: 2026-08-04 · Corrections: none

Cite this verdict

High-residue-classified produce x lower IVF pregnancy and live birth Evidence Grade C card
[Chamgap] High-residue-classified produce x lower IVF pregnancy and live birth — Evidence Grade C·52. 1 cited sources checked. Source: https://chamgap.com/en/verdicts/womens/high-pesticide-residue-produce-ivf-live-birth/ · CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution; do not distort grades, numbers, or verdict meaning.

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What this document does and does not do

Chamgap is an information source. It reports what research has and has not confirmed; it does not tell readers what to take or buy. That decision belongs to readers and, when needed, medical or legal professionals. This verdict reflects literature available up to the search date and may change as new research appears. Nothing here is medical advice.