CHAMGAP
VERIFIEDPassed the Codex final verification and publication gate. Evidence-verification cutoff: 2026-09-07. AI was used for research and drafting; the existence of all 3 cited sources was verified (1 access-limited, verified via index/summary and marked), followed by blind grading, adversarial audit, and build validation. Methodology v1.0.
Verdict No. 3022 · Search date 2026-09-07 · Methodology v1.0

Single-ingredient oral vitamin C around cardiac surgery,
does it really help with Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery?

30-Second Summary
D
Evidence Grade D · 30 · Safety caution
The integrity search identified criticism and a withdrawn study record, not a guarantee that every related publication is problem-free.
High oral doses can cause gastrointestinal effects. Trial-specific adverse-event counts remain limited.
What the
research shows
Grade D with 30 points. Small older positive trials conflict with oral null trials, including a recent registered study. Intravenous or mixed-route results were not merged into this oral verdict.
What the
ads claim
Length-of-stay findings or geographical patterns must not be turned into universal POAF-prevention claims.
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Useful facts when choosing a product

  • This verdict concerns single-ingredient oral vitamin C and does not automatically include foods, combinations, or intravenous infusion.
  • Trials with different doses, durations, and populations were not treated as interchangeable.
  • High oral doses can cause gastrointestinal effects; caution is warranted with stone risk, kidney disease, or iron overload.
ID

Chamgap Semantic Classification Code

Permanent code issued

S.vitamin-c.oral.postoperative-atrial-fibrillation.prevent.placebo

Supplements and nutraceuticals > Vitamin C > Oral > Postoperative atrial fibrillation > Prevention claim > Placebo

Permanent semantic code issued; intravenous and mixed-route results are excluded from this oral claim. The code identifies the intervention and claim; it never contains the evidence grade, score, or safety result.

Download semantic index (JSON) · Codebook v1

Exact Claim Classification

These independent facets prevent evidence from different forms, routes, populations, effects, and comparators from being mixed.

Intervention classS · Supplement or nutraceutical
Canonical ingredient or interventionVitamin C
Source or part usedPurified nutrient. Feedstock, manufacturing process and country are unverified; plant part is not applicable.
Formulation or processingOral and IV ascorbic acid preparations; salt, buffering and excipients remain study-specific and unverified when not reported
RouteOral
DoseIV schedules differ: A2 uses2g at24h and2h pre-op then1g twice daily for5days; A3 uses2g pre-op then500mg twice daily. Oral A1 dose unverified
DurationAbout five perioperative days, with early in-hospital rhythm surveillance
PopulationMainly elective on-pump CABG adults; background beta-blocker/amiodarone use kept explicit
Effect or conditionPrevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery
Primary endpointNew POAF/flutter, with definition and monitoring window specified
ComparatorPlacebo or add-on to usual prophylaxis
Duplicate-detection keyvitamin-c|oral|adult-cardiac-surgery|postoperative-atrial-fibrillation-prevention|placebo-usual-prophylaxis
Gap Measurement · Verdict 3022 · D 30
What advertising claims
What independent, higher-quality research supports
△ GAP
01

What the research actually shows

Oral trials mainly added short perioperative vitamin C to background care around CABG and monitored new atrial fibrillation. An older small add-on trial was positive, whereas oral null trials and a 2023 registered oral trial did not confirm lower POAF. Intravenous and mixed-route results were excluded from grading.

02

Why this is classified as D (30)

The most direct recent oral evidence did not confirm benefit and conflicts with older positive trials. E0 with one I2 strength gives D with 30 points.

Counterpoint. A methodological letter is not a retraction, and a withdrawn registry record is not a retracted publication.

Rejudgment record. Independent Codex cross-check — One page, one route, one population, one claim, one principal comparator

Scoring profile behind this grade
EndpointHHard endpoint - actual events such as death
ReplicationR0Trials conflict in direction
IndependenceI2Decisive evidence is publicly or non-profit funded
Effect sizeE0Null
PrecisionC0The confidence interval leaves room for benefit

The scoring table and the verdict agree (D).

Cross-check — AI research and Codex final gate

AI was used for research and drafting. Blind grading, adversarial audit, and the methodology boundary rules were then reapplied before Codex performed the final evidence, grade, copy, and build checks. If a grade cannot be narrowed, both evidence positions and their reasons are published.
03

Evidence Table

StudyDesignSampleFundingEndpointResultWeight
Perioperative supplementation with ascorbic acid does not prevent atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass graft patientsTriple-blind oral placebo trial96UnverifiedPOAF30.3%vs30.2%,P=.985;no verified95%CIMain oral null result;do not infer exact event counts from roundedrates
Eslami M et al. 2007Randomized oral vitamin C plus beta-blocker versus beta-blocker add-on trial100Funding and manufacturer involvement unverifiedNew atrial fibrillation after CABGOlder positive oral add-on result; modern background-care and registration boundaries were not verified.Opposing positive oral evidence
Registered oral vitamin C cardiac-surgery trial 2023Registered randomized controlled oral trial253Full-text funding and COI details require recheckPostoperative atrial fibrillationOral 1 g twice daily from 5 days before through 10 days after surgery did not reduce POAF.Recent direct oral null evidence
§

Receipt — 3 References

Of 3 cited sources, 1 had limited original-page access (blocked or summary-only) and were verified via index/summary, marked partial; the rest were verified at the original page. As of 2026-09-07.

Bjordahl PM et al.. Perioperative supplementation with ascorbic acid does not prevent atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass graft patients. Am J Surg. 204(6):862–867. 2012. PMID: 23022248; DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.03.012.
partial
Eslami M et al. Oral ascorbic acid in combination with beta-blockers is more effective than beta-blockers alone in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after CABG. Tex Heart Inst J. 2007. PMID: 17948074. PMCID: PMC1995047.
checked
Randomized trial of oral vitamin C around cardiac surgery. 2023. PMID: 37039967. NCT03592680.
checked
Research and draft: AI used · Cross-check: blind grading and adversarial audit
Final verification and publication gate: Codex · Verification cutoff: 2026-09-07 · Corrections: none

Cite this verdict

Perioperative Oral Vitamin C for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation—Results Are Inconsistent Evidence Grade D card
[Chamgap] Perioperative Oral Vitamin C for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation—Results Are Inconsistent — Evidence Grade D·30. 3 cited sources checked. Source: https://chamgap.com/en/verdicts/heart/oral-vitamin-c-postoperative-atrial-fibrillation/ · CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution; do not distort grades, numbers, or verdict meaning.

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What this document does and does not do

Chamgap is an information source. It reports what research has and has not confirmed; it does not tell readers what to take or buy. That decision belongs to readers and, when needed, medical or legal professionals. This verdict reflects literature available up to the search date and may change as new research appears. Nothing here is medical advice.