CHAMGAP
APPROVEDReviewed and approved by the Chamgap Editorial Team (2026-08-14). The draft was written by AI, the existence of all 2 cited sources was verified at the original page, and the verdict passed blind grading and adversarial audit. Methodology v0.7.
Verdict No. 2485 · Search date 2026-08-14 · Methodology v0.7

Single 30-minute preoperative respiratory physiotherapy,
does it really help with Reduced 14-day postoperative pulmonary complications and pneumonia?

30-Second Summary
B
Evidence Grade B · 76 · Safety acceptable
One 30-minute physiotherapist-led breathing session before upper abdominal surgery reduced 14-day pulmonary complications and pneumonia.
No serious harm signal was identified from education and breathing practice. Patients should stop forced breathing if dizzy or painful and follow the surgical team's instructions.
What the
research shows
The grade is B. In a publicly and noncommercially funded multicenter randomized trial, one 30-minute session reduced pulmonary complications to 27/218 (12.4%) versus 58/214 (27.1%) and pneumonia to 18/218 (8.3%) versus 42/214 (19.6%). The clinical-event effect was large, but no second independent confirmatory trial of this exact protocol was established, giving B with 76 points.
What the
ads claim
The result does not mean 30 minutes prevents every complication. It was tested before elective open upper abdominal surgery, delivered by experienced physiotherapists, with standardized postoperative early ambulation.
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Useful facts when choosing a product

  • The intervention was one face-to-face 30-minute session covering complications, early ambulation, demonstration, and practice of deep breathing.
  • Both groups received the same booklet and routine postoperative care; no additional prophylactic chest physiotherapy or incentive spirometry was provided in the trial.
  • Verdict 1899 addresses postoperative incentive spirometry, a different timing and intervention.
Gap Measurement · Verdict 2485 · B 76
What advertising claims
What independent, higher-quality research supports
△ GAP
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What the research actually shows

Boden randomized 441 adults awaiting elective major open upper abdominal surgery to booklet control (219) or 30-minute physiotherapy (222). The primary analysis included 214 and 218, totaling 432. Pulmonary complications were 27/218 versus 58/214, absolute risk reduction 15 points (95% CI 7-22), adjusted HR 0.48 (0.30-0.75), NNT 7 (5-14). Pneumonia was 18/218 versus 42/214, adjusted HR 0.45 (0.26-0.78). Twelve-month mortality HR was null at 0.78 (0.41-1.48).

02

Why this is classified as B (76)

A large publicly funded multicenter randomized trial showed large reductions in the prespecified primary pulmonary-complication event and pneumonia. Lack of a second independent confirmatory trial and a registry-update omission give B with 76 points.

Counterpoint. A 2024 individual-participant meta-analysis supports the direction but pools different protocols and was not counted as independent replication of this exact 30-minute session.

Rejudgment record. Cross-check applied — We cross-checked concealed allocation, analyzed population, primary endpoint, pulmonary-complication and pneumonia effects, funding, and registry correction against the paper, protocol, and ANZCTR.

Scoring profile behind this grade
EndpointHHard endpoint - actual events such as death
ReplicationR1Single confirmatory trial
IndependenceI2Decisive evidence is publicly or non-profit funded
Effect sizeE+Meets the clinically important threshold

The scoring table and the verdict agree (B).

Sub-claim grades by effect

This ingredient is marketed for several effects. A single overall grade blends strong and weak claims together, so each effect is graded separately here. The overall grade reflects the strongest disconfirming or core claim.

Effect (sub-claim)GradeBasis
One 30-minute preoperative respiratory physiotherapy session reduces 14-day pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery.BThe prespecified primary endpoint succeeded in a large publicly funded trial.
The session reduces 12-month mortality.DMortality HR 0.78 (0.41-1.48) was null.

Cross-check — Codex and Claude

This verdict was drafted by Codex through literature review and source-existence checks, cross-checked through blind grading and adversarial audit, and settled by reapplying the methodology boundary rules. Cases with split grades were resolved through rejudgment.
03

Evidence Table

StudyDesignSampleFundingEndpointResultWeight
Study 1Patient- and assessor-blinded multicenter pragmatic randomized placebo-controlled superiority trial214Competitive grants from Clifford Craig Foundation, University of Tasmania, Waitemata DHB/Awhina, Three Harbours Health Foundation, and hospital departments; no funder rolePulmonary complication within 14 postoperative days assessed daily by Melbourne Group ScorePPC 27/218 (12.4%) versus 58/214 (27.1%), adjusted HR 0.48 (95% CI 0.30-0.75); pneumonia 18/218 versus 42/214, HR 0.45 (0.26-0.78)Only large direct confirmatory trial
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Receipt — 2 References

All 2 cited sources were verified for existence at the original page (as of 2026-08-14).

Boden I, Skinner EH, Browning L, et al. Preoperative physiotherapy for the prevention of respiratory complications after upper abdominal surgery: pragmatic, double blinded, multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2018;360:j5916. PMID: 29367198. PMCID: PMC5782401. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j5916. ACTRN12613000664741.
checked
Boden I, Browning L, Skinner EH, et al. The LIPPSMAck POP trial: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:573. PMCID: PMC4678689. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-1090-6. ACTRN12613000664741.
checked
Draft and rewrite: Codex (AI) · Verification: Codex blind grading and adversarial audit · Final adjudication: Claude
Reviewed and approved: Chamgap Editorial Team · Approval date: 2026-08-14 · Corrections: none

Cite this verdict

Single 30-minute preoperative respiratory physiotherapy x prevention of pulmonary complications Evidence Grade B card
[Chamgap] Single 30-minute preoperative respiratory physiotherapy x prevention of pulmonary complications — Evidence Grade B·76. 2 cited sources checked. Source: https://chamgap.com/en/verdicts/energy/single-preoperative-physiotherapy-session-upper-abdominal-surgery-pulmonary-complications/ · CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution; do not distort grades, numbers, or verdict meaning.

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