CHAMGAP
APPROVEDReviewed and approved by the Chamgap Editorial Team (2026-08-15). The draft was written by AI, the existence of all 2 cited sources was verified at the original page, and the verdict passed blind grading and adversarial audit. Methodology v0.7.
Verdict No. 2621 · Search date 2026-08-15 · Methodology v0.7

High-dose online hemodiafiltration,
does it really help with Reduced all-cause mortality versus high-flux hemodialysis in maintenance dialysis?

30-Second Summary
B
Evidence Grade B · 76 · Safety caution
Two large trials with different investigators and funders replicated lower mortality, but survival follow-up was incomplete for 355 of 906 ESHOL participants (39%) and survival was censored at discontinuation.
Dialysis modality and convection dose require specialist adjustment based on vascular access, blood flow, session duration, and intradialytic blood pressure. Patients should not alter treatment settings themselves.
What the
research shows
The grade is B. CONVINCE randomized 1,360 participants, 683 to high-dose hemodiafiltration and 677 to high-flux hemodialysis. Over a median 30 months, 118 (17.3%) versus 148 (21.9%) died, HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.93). ESHOL independently pointed in the same direction, with an all-cause mortality HR of 0.70 (0.53 to 0.92). ESHOL was partly supported by Fresenius Medical Care and Gambro, whereas CONVINCE was supported by EU Horizon 2020 grant 754803, and the investigator groups had no authors in common. The score is 76.
What the
ads claim
High dose means achieved convection volume, not merely selecting a machine setting. Vascular access, blood flow, and treatment time determine whether the target is reached.
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Useful facts when choosing a product

  • CONVINCE targeted at least 23 L per session and achieved a mean 25.3 L.
  • ESHOL was partly supported by Fresenius Medical Care and Gambro, whereas CONVINCE received EU Horizon 2020 grant 754803; the investigator groups had zero authors in common.
  • Modality changes require specialist assessment of access, blood flow, blood pressure, and treatment time.
Gap Measurement · Verdict 2621 · B 76
What advertising claims
What independent, higher-quality research supports
△ GAP
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What the research actually shows

ESHOL randomized 906 Spanish maintenance-hemodialysis patients and reported all-cause mortality HR 0.70 (0.53 to 0.92). CONVINCE randomized 1,360 patients at 61 centers in eight European countries and reported 118/683 versus 148/677 deaths, HR 0.77 (0.65 to 0.93). ESHOL was partly supported by Fresenius Medical Care and Gambro, whereas CONVINCE received EU Horizon 2020 grant 754803; the investigator groups had zero authors in common. Both papers are included in citations, satisfying independent replication. Survival follow-up was nevertheless incomplete for 355 of 906 ESHOL participants (39%), with survival censored at treatment discontinuation.

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Why this is classified as B (76)

Two large randomized trials with different investigators and funders replicated lower mortality. However, survival follow-up was incomplete for 355 of 906 ESHOL participants (39%), with survival censored at discontinuation, giving B with 76 points.

Counterpoint. This verdict applies to patients able to achieve at least 23 L per session and should not be generalized to lower-dose or different dialysis schedules.

Rejudgment record. Cross-check applied — ESHOL and CONVINCE were compared for population, intervention, control, mortality endpoint, authorship, funding, and follow-up using papers and registrations

Scoring profile behind this grade
EndpointHHard endpoint - actual events such as death
ReplicationR2Independently replicated across trials
IndependenceI1Mixed funding sources
Effect sizeE+Meets the clinically important threshold

The scoring table and the verdict agree (B).

Sub-claim grades by effect

This ingredient is marketed for several effects. A single overall grade blends strong and weak claims together, so each effect is graded separately here. The overall grade reflects the strongest disconfirming or core claim.

Effect (sub-claim)GradeBasis
Reduced all-cause mortalityBCONVINCE and ESHOL pointed in the same direction and had distinct investigator groups and funders, qualifying as independent replication.
Reduced cardiovascular eventsDCONVINCE reported HR 1.07 (0.86 to 1.33) for fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events.

Cross-check — Codex and Claude

This verdict was drafted by Codex through literature review and source-existence checks, cross-checked through blind grading and adversarial audit, and settled by reapplying the methodology boundary rules. Cases with split grades were resolved through rejudgment.
03

Evidence Table

StudyDesignSampleFundingEndpointResultWeight
Study 1Spanish multicenter randomized clinical trial906Partly supported by grants from Fresenius Medical Care and Gambro through the Catalan Society of Nephrology; disclosures: nonePrimary all-cause mortality outcomeAll-cause mortality HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.92)Large hard-outcome replication trial with investigators and funding distinct from CONVINCE; survival follow-up was incomplete for 355/906 (39%) and censored at discontinuation
Study 2Multinational pragmatic randomized clinical trial677European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, grant 754803Primary all-cause mortality outcome118/683 (17.3%) versus 148/677 (21.9%), HR 0.77 (0.65 to 0.93)Pivotal publicly funded large hard-outcome trial
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Receipt — 2 References

All 2 cited sources were verified for existence at the original page (as of 2026-08-15).

Maduell F, Moreso F, Pons M, et al.; ESHOL Study Group. High-efficiency postdilution online hemodiafiltration reduces all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(3):487-497. PMID: 23411788. PMCID: PMC3582206. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2012080875.
checked
Blankestijn PJ, Vernooij RWM, Hockham C, et al.; CONVINCE Scientific Committee Investigators. Effect of Hemodiafiltration or Hemodialysis on Mortality in Kidney Failure. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(8):700-709. PMID: 37326323. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2304820.
checked
Draft and rewrite: Codex (AI) · Verification: Codex blind grading and adversarial audit · Final adjudication: Claude
Reviewed and approved: Chamgap Editorial Team · Approval date: 2026-08-15 · Corrections: none

Cite this verdict

High-dose online hemodiafiltration x reduced all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis Evidence Grade B card
[Chamgap] High-dose online hemodiafiltration x reduced all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis — Evidence Grade B·76. 2 cited sources checked. Source: https://chamgap.com/en/verdicts/energy/high-dose-online-hemodiafiltration-all-cause-mortality/ · CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution; do not distort grades, numbers, or verdict meaning.

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