Single-ingredient oral vitamin C × Attenuation of post-exercise FEV1 decline

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhich exercise-challenge question is addressed?Required	The selected question concerns attenuation of post-exercise FEV1 decline, a physiological endpoint. Routine asthma control, prevention of clinical exacerbations and inhaler replacement remain separate. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma	Material needed: Original diagnosis, exercise challenge, endpoint, measurement timing and placebo-comparison details are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionAre the single-ingredient product, salt and route known?Required	The supplement contains single-ingredient ascorbic acid; study-specific salt, tablet/capsule and excipients remain unverified. Foods, combinations and intravenous infusion are not automatically included. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid	Material needed: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient and adherence records are needed; equivalence to other products remains unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionAre single doses and 2-week dosing kept separate?Required	The original scope is single 500 mg or 2 g doses, or 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks. The R01 citation records 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks per period; R02 records 500 mg. Doses are not treated as identical across studies. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks	Material needed: Dosing timing, single/repeated administration, products, actual exposure and study mapping for 2 g are needed. Converted or recommended doses are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionAre single exposure, crossover periods and washout distinguished?Required	The original scope is a single pre-challenge dose or 2-week crossover exposure. The R01 citation records 2 weeks per period and a 1-week washout. These schedules are not assigned to other studies. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout	Material needed: Original periods, order, intervals, carryover, period effects and dosing/challenge timing are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionAre adults and mixed child/adolescent populations distinguished?Required	R01 records 8 adults and R02 records 12 asthmatic participants. R03 records 20 people aged 7–28, mean 13.8, mostly children and adolescents. These are not described as 40 adults. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03	Material needed: Original diagnosis, selection, age, baseline lung function and study-specific population tables are needed. Unrecorded ages are not inferred. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionHow were standardized exercise challenges and EIB established?Required	The stored description states that participants with documented EIB underwent standardized exercise challenges. This remains distinct from testing real-world symptoms or training adaptation. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing	Material needed: Challenge and measurement procedures, environment, baseline values, diagnosis, selection and assessor blinding are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionAre usual-diet observations distinguished from crossover placebo?Required	The comparison uses matched crossover placebo. The usual-diet −14.3±1.6% in R01 is not counted as a separate randomized arm or additional participants. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment	Material needed: Original condition order, usual-diet/placebo rules, comparable care and measurement schedules are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWhat were the period-specific rules for inhalers, diet and other treatment?Required	The existing description that inhaler replacement exceeds the tested claims is retained. Actual medication maintenance, changes and rescue-medication rules are not detailed in the stored summary. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules	Material needed: Baseline medication, changes, adherence, rescue medication, shared diet/care and pre-exercise procedures are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionAre crossover order, periods and paired analyses known?Required	R01 and R03 are recorded as double-blind placebo crossover studies; R02 as double-blind randomized crossover. Detailed order, adequacy of blinding and paired-analysis rules remain unverified. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis	Material needed: Original order, periods, carryover, crossover completion, within-person contrasts, variance, correlations and plans are needed. No new official risk assessment is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionWhat are the 8 people and sequence-specific denominators in R01?Required	R01 records 8 people with asthma/EIB; sequence-specific analysis denominators and attrition details remain unverified. Two periods from one person are not added as different participants. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults	Material needed: Original sequence/period flow, denominators, missing data and discontinuations are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionWhat is the maximum FEV1 decline in R01?Required	Maximum FEV1 declines are recorded as C −6.4±2.4%, placebo −12.9±2.4% and usual diet −14.3±1.6%; P<.05. Conditions, units and the maximum-decline definition are retained. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet	Material needed: Original timing, baseline values, within-person estimates, variance and condition/period mapping are needed. New differences or intervals are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionAre the existing 6.5 percentage points and paired CI distinguished?Required	The existing record retains a simple mean difference of 6.5 percentage points, unverified paired 95% CI and unverified ± type. This is neither a new calculation nor a verified within-person effect. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI	Material needed: Original within-person differences, variance, correlations, intervals and ± definitions are needed. The simple difference is not converted into an adjusted/paired effect or clinical success rate. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionAre the 12 people and 500 mg in R02 retained separately?Required	R02 records 12 asthmatic participants and the citation records 500 mg. The original note against confusion with the 1980 dissertation sample is retained. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial	Material needed: Original methods, allocation, completion, within-person analyses and dissertation/report mapping are needed. Unidentified samples or totals are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWhat are the 5-minute FEV1 results in litres in R02?Required	R02 records 5-minute FEV1 declines of 0.24±0.06 L versus 0.44±0.14 L, mean±SE. Exact between-condition P and 95% CI remain unverified. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect	Material needed: Original timing, contrasts, denominators, within-person variance and paired P/CI are needed. SE is not converted into SD and no new mean difference is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionAre declines in litres and percentages of baseline kept separate?Required	The 5-minute result in litres and maximum percentage decline differ in units and timing. They are not directly summed, as the existing description specifies. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values	Material needed: Original baseline values, units, timing, standardization and within-person analysis rules are needed. Converted or pooled values are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionAre all 20 participants and the 9 responders in R03 distinguished?Required	R03 reports 9 responders. The exact paired effect and CI for all 20 remain unverified, so responder-only effects are not adopted. No new response rate is calculated. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator	Material needed: Whole-cohort outcomes, response definitions, selection, denominators and within-person effects/intervals are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionIs selected-responder follow-up a randomized replication?Required	The existing description that selected-responder follow-up in R03 is not a randomized replication is retained. It is not promoted to a new independent trial or whole-cohort result. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping	Material needed: Original selection, extension, mapping to all 20 participants, denominators, comparison, timing and duration are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionAre the 3 original trials distinguished from the meta-analysis?Required	The R04 citation records a signal from 3 crossover trials totaling 40 people. This is an existing description, not a newly certified sum. The review is not counted as another original trial. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review	Material needed: Original inclusion/extraction tables, report/trial mapping, within-person denominators and overlap are needed. Final unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionIs the general-asthma review boundary retained?Supplementary	R05 is a historical summary concerning insufficient evidence for routine asthma care. It is not counted as a direct EIB original trial or additional independent refutation. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care	Material needed: Original review populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping are needed. No new guidelines or recommendations are sought or established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionWhat were the prespecified FEV1 hierarchy and symptom/marker choices?Required	The trial records retain unverified prespecified hierarchies. The FEV1 emphasis and multiple symptom/inflammatory markers in R01 are not converted into a verified prespecified primary outcome. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan	Material needed: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and all outcomes, time points and original result tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionWhat were the measurements, maximum-value selection and within-person estimation?Required	The endpoint description is maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline (% or L). Detailed measurement, maximum-value selection and within-person estimation methods are absent from the stored summary. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations	Material needed: Original lung-function/challenge methods, assessors, repeated measurements, baseline values, plans and models are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionWhat were the missing data, incomplete crossover and treatment changes?Required	Sequence-specific denominators and attrition in R01 are unverified, and detailed flow for other trials is not stored. Unread external material is not treated as no missing data. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions	Material needed: Study-specific flow, discontinuations, missing-data handling, analysis sets, sensitivity analyses and period-specific treatment changes are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionAre symptom improvement and prevention of exacerbations/hospitalization separate?Supplementary	Physiological endpoints and real-world symptoms, rescue medication and clinical exacerbations are different questions. An improved symptom score also does not establish prevention of exacerbations. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization	Material needed: Direct evidence for each patient outcome, prespecified definition, timing, denominator and comparator is needed. Lung-function values are not copied into clinical outcomes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionAre inhaler replacement, general asthma and training effects kept outside scope?Supplementary	Claims of preventing asthma with a pre-exercise pill or replacing inhalers exceed the existing scope. General asthma, breathing techniques and muscle soreness are also separate questions. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications	Material needed: Direct evidence for treatment replacement, routine asthma control and training adaptation is needed. Content or grades from other pages are not imported. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionAre publication-bias and independent-confirmation limits retained?Required	The similar physiological direction and limitations from small studies/publication bias are both retained. The original independence assessment is preserved without certifying new independent replication. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families	Material needed: Registration, search/inclusion tables, unpublished results, teams, products and report mapping are needed. No new replication count or official certainty grade is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionAre the four company-involvement pathways known?Required	R01 has only a non-US research-support indexing description; actual funding and manufacturer remain unverified. R02 and R03 are also unverified. Indexing is not converted into noncommercial status or no company involvement. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest	Material needed: Original funding, products, affiliations and conflict disclosures are needed. Historical independence descriptions remain distinct from the current verification scope. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
27	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionAre harm collection, events and discontinuations known?Supplementary	Existing caution about gastrointestinal effects of high oral vitamin C doses and limited trial-specific event counts is retained. Actual harm collection and events are not detailed. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events	Material needed: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparators and periods are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
28	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionWhat were the safety denominators, single/2-week exposure and comparators?Supplementary	The original 8, 12 and 20 people and the description of 40 overall do not establish safety denominators. Periods from the same person are not added as participants. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period	Material needed: Period-specific safety denominators, exposure, discontinuations, events, comparisons and shared-participant mapping are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
29	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N29 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about vulnerable groups, concomitant drugs and long-term/rare harms?Supplementary	Existing caution about stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload, short exposure and mixed ages is retained. Long-term safety and drug-specific event causality are not certified. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms	Material needed: Vulnerable groups, concomitant use, timing, independent reports, longer exposure, denominators, controls and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
30	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N30 · Evidence conditionAre historical checking and current unread external materials distinguished?Required	Existing wording about abstract checking and independent cross-checks is historical. Stored summaries were read here; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans were not. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans	Material needed: Actual external acquisition, reading and review remain outstanding. Historical checking, bibliography links or full-text identifiers do not establish current reading or completed review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
31	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N31 · Evidence conditionAre original Korean/English descriptions, empty corrections and existing calculation wording retained?Supplementary	Existing Korean/English descriptions, empty correction/detailed-claim records and existing calculation wording are preserved. No new correction, calculation or completed external clinical review is created. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record	Material needed: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
32	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N32 · Evidence conditionAre original C54, assessment values and evidence date distinguished from production?Required	The existing C·54 points·Caution, assessment values and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. The 40-person total and independence strength are original descriptions, not a new certification, sum or grade. R01 R02 R03 R04 R05	Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date	Material needed: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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32 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: The population comprises asthmatic participants with documented exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Adults and mixed child/adolescent populations remain separate, with gaps in study-specific diagnosis, selection, baseline lung function and age composition retained. Findings are not automatically generalized to all people with asthma.
Ingredient, formulation and route: The intervention is a single-ingredient oral ascorbic acid supplement. Feedstock, manufacturing process, country and study-specific salt, tablet/capsule, excipients and actual content remain unverified. Foods, combinations and intravenous infusion are not automatically included.
Dose: The original scope is single 500 mg or 2 g doses, or 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks. Study-specific timing, products, actual exposure, adherence and some dose mappings remain unverified. These are not converted into an identical dose, optimal dose, cumulative dose or individual dosing guidance.
Comparator: The comparator is matched crossover placebo. Usual-diet observations are not a separate randomized arm, and crossover periods from one person are not additional participants. Placebo composition, maintained therapy, rescue medication, diet and pre-exercise rules remain unverified in detail.
Measured outcome: The physiological endpoint is maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline (% or L). Maximum values remain distinct from specific time points and units; prespecified primary hierarchy, detailed measurements and within-person estimation remain unverified. Symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization are separate outcomes.
Duration: Exposure is a single pre-challenge dose or 2-week crossover periods. The R01 citation’s 2 weeks per period and 1-week washout are not assigned to all other studies. Study-specific order, carryover/period effects and effects beyond the observation periods remain unverified.
Questions outside this scope: The selected question concerns single-ingredient oral vitamin C and post-exercise lung function in documented exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asthma. It is not extended to routine asthma control, prevention of exacerbations/hospitalization, inhaler replacement, training adaptation or muscle soreness.; The existing C·54 points·Caution, stored assessment values, Korean and English descriptions and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. Historical wording about independent cross-checks does not establish current external reading, regrading or official assessment.; The manuscript’s 3 crossover trials totaling 40 people is a stored description of synthesis size. It is not a new participant sum or certification of unique trials, participants or safety denominators. Original trials and reviews are not added together, and crossover periods are not additional people.; The existing 6.5 percentage points is a recorded simple mean-difference calculation. It is not promoted to a within-person effect, adjusted estimate, paired 95% CI or clinical success rate, and no new difference or interval is calculated.; Maximum percentage decline and 5-minute decline in litres, unspecified ± and explicitly recorded SE, and adults and mixed child/adolescent populations remain distinct. Units, ages and time points are not converted or pooled, and unverified dispersion is not assumed.; The 9 responders remain distinct from outcomes for all 20 participants. No new response rate is calculated, and selected-responder follow-up is not converted into a whole-cohort effect or new independent randomized replication.; The meta-analysis and general-asthma review differ in scope and are not new original trials. Original inclusion, extraction, within-person variance, shared-trial mapping, registrations, protocols and official risk/certainty assessments remain unverified.; Existing caution about diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload with high oral doses is retained. Limited event records are not converted into no harms, long-term safety or confirmed contraindications; no new incidence rate, causality or individual dosing guidance is created.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

R01 · Tecklenburg et al. 2007 · Asthma/EIB crossover trial

PubMed

Material type: Double-blind placebo crossover trial
Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Maximum FEV1 decline: C −6.4±2.4%, placebo −12.9±2.4%, usual diet −14.3±1.6%; P<.05. The simple mean difference of 6.5 percentage points is an existing record; paired 95% CI and ± type remain unverified.
Record level: There are 8 adults with asthma/EIB. Sequence-specific analysis denominators, attrition and within-person analysis details remain unverified.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.

R02 · Schachter·Schlesinger 1982 · Early crossover trial

PubMed

Material type: Double-blind randomized crossover trial
Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: 5-minute FEV1 declines are 0.24±0.06 L versus 0.44±0.14 L, mean±SE. Exact between-condition P and 95% CI remain unverified; values are not directly added to percentage declines.
Record level: There are 12 asthmatic participants. Original sequence, completion and within-person denominators remain unverified; confusion with the dissertation sample is avoided.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.

R03 · Cohen et al. 1997 · Mixed-age crossover trial

PubMed

Material type: Double-blind placebo crossover trial
Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: There are 9 reported responders. The exact paired effect and 95% CI for all 20 remain unverified, so responder-only effects are not adopted.
Record level: There are 20 people aged 7–28, mean 13.8, mostly children and adolescents. Selected-responder follow-up is not a randomized replication.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.

R04 · Hemilä 2013 · Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction meta-analysis

PubMed

Material type: Meta-analysis citation/summary; not a new original trial
Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: The existing description concerns an FEV1 signal from 3 crossover trials totaling 40 people. It is not a new sum or certification of independent replication.
Record level: Original inclusion, extraction, within-person analyses and shared-trial mapping remain unverified. Independent people or trials are not counted in addition to the original trials.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.

R05 · Cochrane 2013 · General-asthma review

PubMed

Material type: General-asthma systematic-review citation/boundary summary
Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: This is a historical boundary description concerning insufficient evidence for routine asthma care. It is not a direct original exercise-challenge trial or additional independent refutation.
Record level: Original populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping remain unverified. No new recommendation, guideline or current reading of the review is established.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · Which exercise-challenge question is addressed?

Required materials and conditions: Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma
Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N02 · Are the single-ingredient product, salt and route known?

Required materials and conditions: Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid
Conditions for verification: Original records on Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N03 · Are single doses and 2-week dosing kept separate?

Required materials and conditions: Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks
Conditions for verification: Original records on Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N04 · Are single exposure, crossover periods and washout distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout
Conditions for verification: Original records on Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N05 · Are adults and mixed child/adolescent populations distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03
Conditions for verification: Original records on The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03 must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03 is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N06 · How were standardized exercise challenges and EIB established?

Required materials and conditions: Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing
Conditions for verification: Original records on Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N07 · Are usual-diet observations distinguished from crossover placebo?

Required materials and conditions: Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment
Conditions for verification: Original records on Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N08 · What were the period-specific rules for inhalers, diet and other treatment?

Required materials and conditions: Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules
Conditions for verification: Original records on Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N09 · Are crossover order, periods and paired analyses known?

Required materials and conditions: Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis
Conditions for verification: Original records on Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N10 · What are the 8 people and sequence-specific denominators in R01?

Required materials and conditions: Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults
Conditions for verification: Original records on Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N11 · What is the maximum FEV1 decline in R01?

Required materials and conditions: Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N12 · Are the existing 6.5 percentage points and paired CI distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI
Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N13 · Are the 12 people and 500 mg in R02 retained separately?

Required materials and conditions: Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial
Conditions for verification: Original records on Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N14 · What are the 5-minute FEV1 results in litres in R02?

Required materials and conditions: 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect
Conditions for verification: Original records on 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N15 · Are declines in litres and percentages of baseline kept separate?

Required materials and conditions: Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values
Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N16 · Are all 20 participants and the 9 responders in R03 distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator
Conditions for verification: Original records on Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N17 · Is selected-responder follow-up a randomized replication?

Required materials and conditions: Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping
Conditions for verification: Original records on Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N18 · Are the 3 original trials distinguished from the meta-analysis?

Required materials and conditions: Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review
Conditions for verification: Original records on Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N19 · Is the general-asthma review boundary retained?

Required materials and conditions: Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care
Conditions for verification: Original records on Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N20 · What were the prespecified FEV1 hierarchy and symptom/marker choices?

Required materials and conditions: Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan
Conditions for verification: Original records on Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N21 · What were the measurements, maximum-value selection and within-person estimation?

Required materials and conditions: Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N22 · What were the missing data, incomplete crossover and treatment changes?

Required materials and conditions: Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions
Conditions for verification: Original records on Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N23 · Are symptom improvement and prevention of exacerbations/hospitalization separate?

Required materials and conditions: Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization
Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N24 · Are inhaler replacement, general asthma and training effects kept outside scope?

Required materials and conditions: Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications
Conditions for verification: Original records on Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N25 · Are publication-bias and independent-confirmation limits retained?

Required materials and conditions: Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families
Conditions for verification: Original records on Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N26 · Are the four company-involvement pathways known?

Required materials and conditions: Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest
Conditions for verification: Original records on Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N27 · Are harm collection, events and discontinuations known?

Required materials and conditions: Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events
Conditions for verification: Original records on Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N28 · What were the safety denominators, single/2-week exposure and comparators?

Required materials and conditions: Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period
Conditions for verification: Original records on Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N29 · What is known about vulnerable groups, concomitant drugs and long-term/rare harms?

Required materials and conditions: Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms
Conditions for verification: Original records on Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N30 · Are historical checking and current unread external materials distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans
Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N31 · Are original Korean/English descriptions, empty corrections and existing calculation wording retained?

Required materials and conditions: Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record
Conditions for verification: Original records on Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

N32 · Are original C54, assessment values and evidence date distinguished from production?

Required materials and conditions: C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date
Conditions for verification: Original records on C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-23 · Public page/material version 1.0

The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 32 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-07) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · Which exercise-challenge question is addressed?

Current findings: The selected question concerns attenuation of post-exercise FEV1 decline, a physiological endpoint. Routine asthma control, prevention of clinical exacerbations and inhaler replacement remain separate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original diagnosis, exercise challenge, endpoint, measurement timing and placebo-comparison details are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma
Materials to obtain first: Original diagnosis, exercise challenge, endpoint, measurement timing and placebo-comparison details are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original diagnosis, exercise challenge, endpoint, measurement timing and placebo-comparison details are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N02 · Are the single-ingredient product, salt and route known?

Current findings: The supplement contains single-ingredient ascorbic acid; study-specific salt, tablet/capsule and excipients remain unverified. Foods, combinations and intravenous infusion are not automatically included.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient and adherence records are needed; equivalence to other products remains unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid
Materials to obtain first: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient and adherence records are needed; equivalence to other products remains unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient and adherence records are needed; equivalence to other products remains unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N03 · Are single doses and 2-week dosing kept separate?

Current findings: The original scope is single 500 mg or 2 g doses, or 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks. The R01 citation records 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks per period; R02 records 500 mg. Doses are not treated as identical across studies.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Dosing timing, single/repeated administration, products, actual exposure and study mapping for 2 g are needed. Converted or recommended doses are not created.
Required materials and conditions: Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks
Materials to obtain first: Dosing timing, single/repeated administration, products, actual exposure and study mapping for 2 g are needed. Converted or recommended doses are not created.
Further research: Material needed: Dosing timing, single/repeated administration, products, actual exposure and study mapping for 2 g are needed. Converted or recommended doses are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N04 · Are single exposure, crossover periods and washout distinguished?

Current findings: The original scope is a single pre-challenge dose or 2-week crossover exposure. The R01 citation records 2 weeks per period and a 1-week washout. These schedules are not assigned to other studies.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original periods, order, intervals, carryover, period effects and dosing/challenge timing are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout
Materials to obtain first: Original periods, order, intervals, carryover, period effects and dosing/challenge timing are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original periods, order, intervals, carryover, period effects and dosing/challenge timing are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N05 · Are adults and mixed child/adolescent populations distinguished?

Current findings: R01 records 8 adults and R02 records 12 asthmatic participants. R03 records 20 people aged 7–28, mean 13.8, mostly children and adolescents. These are not described as 40 adults.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original diagnosis, selection, age, baseline lung function and study-specific population tables are needed. Unrecorded ages are not inferred.
Required materials and conditions: The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03
Materials to obtain first: Original diagnosis, selection, age, baseline lung function and study-specific population tables are needed. Unrecorded ages are not inferred.
Further research: Material needed: Original diagnosis, selection, age, baseline lung function and study-specific population tables are needed. Unrecorded ages are not inferred. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03 must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03 is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N06 · How were standardized exercise challenges and EIB established?

Current findings: The stored description states that participants with documented EIB underwent standardized exercise challenges. This remains distinct from testing real-world symptoms or training adaptation.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Challenge and measurement procedures, environment, baseline values, diagnosis, selection and assessor blinding are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing
Materials to obtain first: Challenge and measurement procedures, environment, baseline values, diagnosis, selection and assessor blinding are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Challenge and measurement procedures, environment, baseline values, diagnosis, selection and assessor blinding are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N07 · Are usual-diet observations distinguished from crossover placebo?

Current findings: The comparison uses matched crossover placebo. The usual-diet −14.3±1.6% in R01 is not counted as a separate randomized arm or additional participants.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original condition order, usual-diet/placebo rules, comparable care and measurement schedules are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment
Materials to obtain first: Original condition order, usual-diet/placebo rules, comparable care and measurement schedules are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original condition order, usual-diet/placebo rules, comparable care and measurement schedules are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N08 · What were the period-specific rules for inhalers, diet and other treatment?

Current findings: The existing description that inhaler replacement exceeds the tested claims is retained. Actual medication maintenance, changes and rescue-medication rules are not detailed in the stored summary.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Baseline medication, changes, adherence, rescue medication, shared diet/care and pre-exercise procedures are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules
Materials to obtain first: Baseline medication, changes, adherence, rescue medication, shared diet/care and pre-exercise procedures are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Baseline medication, changes, adherence, rescue medication, shared diet/care and pre-exercise procedures are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N09 · Are crossover order, periods and paired analyses known?

Current findings: R01 and R03 are recorded as double-blind placebo crossover studies; R02 as double-blind randomized crossover. Detailed order, adequacy of blinding and paired-analysis rules remain unverified.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original order, periods, carryover, crossover completion, within-person contrasts, variance, correlations and plans are needed. No new official risk assessment is created.
Required materials and conditions: Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis
Materials to obtain first: Original order, periods, carryover, crossover completion, within-person contrasts, variance, correlations and plans are needed. No new official risk assessment is created.
Further research: Material needed: Original order, periods, carryover, crossover completion, within-person contrasts, variance, correlations and plans are needed. No new official risk assessment is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N10 · What are the 8 people and sequence-specific denominators in R01?

Current findings: R01 records 8 people with asthma/EIB; sequence-specific analysis denominators and attrition details remain unverified. Two periods from one person are not added as different participants.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original sequence/period flow, denominators, missing data and discontinuations are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults
Materials to obtain first: Original sequence/period flow, denominators, missing data and discontinuations are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original sequence/period flow, denominators, missing data and discontinuations are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N11 · What is the maximum FEV1 decline in R01?

Current findings: Maximum FEV1 declines are recorded as C −6.4±2.4%, placebo −12.9±2.4% and usual diet −14.3±1.6%; P<.05. Conditions, units and the maximum-decline definition are retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original timing, baseline values, within-person estimates, variance and condition/period mapping are needed. New differences or intervals are not calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet
Materials to obtain first: Original timing, baseline values, within-person estimates, variance and condition/period mapping are needed. New differences or intervals are not calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Original timing, baseline values, within-person estimates, variance and condition/period mapping are needed. New differences or intervals are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N12 · Are the existing 6.5 percentage points and paired CI distinguished?

Current findings: The existing record retains a simple mean difference of 6.5 percentage points, unverified paired 95% CI and unverified ± type. This is neither a new calculation nor a verified within-person effect.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original within-person differences, variance, correlations, intervals and ± definitions are needed. The simple difference is not converted into an adjusted/paired effect or clinical success rate.
Required materials and conditions: Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI
Materials to obtain first: Original within-person differences, variance, correlations, intervals and ± definitions are needed. The simple difference is not converted into an adjusted/paired effect or clinical success rate.
Further research: Material needed: Original within-person differences, variance, correlations, intervals and ± definitions are needed. The simple difference is not converted into an adjusted/paired effect or clinical success rate. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N13 · Are the 12 people and 500 mg in R02 retained separately?

Current findings: R02 records 12 asthmatic participants and the citation records 500 mg. The original note against confusion with the 1980 dissertation sample is retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original methods, allocation, completion, within-person analyses and dissertation/report mapping are needed. Unidentified samples or totals are not created.
Required materials and conditions: Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial
Materials to obtain first: Original methods, allocation, completion, within-person analyses and dissertation/report mapping are needed. Unidentified samples or totals are not created.
Further research: Material needed: Original methods, allocation, completion, within-person analyses and dissertation/report mapping are needed. Unidentified samples or totals are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N14 · What are the 5-minute FEV1 results in litres in R02?

Current findings: R02 records 5-minute FEV1 declines of 0.24±0.06 L versus 0.44±0.14 L, mean±SE. Exact between-condition P and 95% CI remain unverified.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original timing, contrasts, denominators, within-person variance and paired P/CI are needed. SE is not converted into SD and no new mean difference is calculated.
Required materials and conditions: 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect
Materials to obtain first: Original timing, contrasts, denominators, within-person variance and paired P/CI are needed. SE is not converted into SD and no new mean difference is calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Original timing, contrasts, denominators, within-person variance and paired P/CI are needed. SE is not converted into SD and no new mean difference is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N15 · Are declines in litres and percentages of baseline kept separate?

Current findings: The 5-minute result in litres and maximum percentage decline differ in units and timing. They are not directly summed, as the existing description specifies.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original baseline values, units, timing, standardization and within-person analysis rules are needed. Converted or pooled values are not created.
Required materials and conditions: Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values
Materials to obtain first: Original baseline values, units, timing, standardization and within-person analysis rules are needed. Converted or pooled values are not created.
Further research: Material needed: Original baseline values, units, timing, standardization and within-person analysis rules are needed. Converted or pooled values are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N16 · Are all 20 participants and the 9 responders in R03 distinguished?

Current findings: R03 reports 9 responders. The exact paired effect and CI for all 20 remain unverified, so responder-only effects are not adopted. No new response rate is calculated.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Whole-cohort outcomes, response definitions, selection, denominators and within-person effects/intervals are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator
Materials to obtain first: Whole-cohort outcomes, response definitions, selection, denominators and within-person effects/intervals are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Whole-cohort outcomes, response definitions, selection, denominators and within-person effects/intervals are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N17 · Is selected-responder follow-up a randomized replication?

Current findings: The existing description that selected-responder follow-up in R03 is not a randomized replication is retained. It is not promoted to a new independent trial or whole-cohort result.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original selection, extension, mapping to all 20 participants, denominators, comparison, timing and duration are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping
Materials to obtain first: Original selection, extension, mapping to all 20 participants, denominators, comparison, timing and duration are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original selection, extension, mapping to all 20 participants, denominators, comparison, timing and duration are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N18 · Are the 3 original trials distinguished from the meta-analysis?

Current findings: The R04 citation records a signal from 3 crossover trials totaling 40 people. This is an existing description, not a newly certified sum. The review is not counted as another original trial.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original inclusion/extraction tables, report/trial mapping, within-person denominators and overlap are needed. Final unique trial and participant counts remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review
Materials to obtain first: Original inclusion/extraction tables, report/trial mapping, within-person denominators and overlap are needed. Final unique trial and participant counts remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Original inclusion/extraction tables, report/trial mapping, within-person denominators and overlap are needed. Final unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N19 · Is the general-asthma review boundary retained?

Current findings: R05 is a historical summary concerning insufficient evidence for routine asthma care. It is not counted as a direct EIB original trial or additional independent refutation.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original review populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping are needed. No new guidelines or recommendations are sought or established.
Required materials and conditions: Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care
Materials to obtain first: Original review populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping are needed. No new guidelines or recommendations are sought or established.
Further research: Material needed: Original review populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping are needed. No new guidelines or recommendations are sought or established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N20 · What were the prespecified FEV1 hierarchy and symptom/marker choices?

Current findings: The trial records retain unverified prespecified hierarchies. The FEV1 emphasis and multiple symptom/inflammatory markers in R01 are not converted into a verified prespecified primary outcome.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and all outcomes, time points and original result tables are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan
Materials to obtain first: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and all outcomes, time points and original result tables are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and all outcomes, time points and original result tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N21 · What were the measurements, maximum-value selection and within-person estimation?

Current findings: The endpoint description is maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline (% or L). Detailed measurement, maximum-value selection and within-person estimation methods are absent from the stored summary.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original lung-function/challenge methods, assessors, repeated measurements, baseline values, plans and models are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations
Materials to obtain first: Original lung-function/challenge methods, assessors, repeated measurements, baseline values, plans and models are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original lung-function/challenge methods, assessors, repeated measurements, baseline values, plans and models are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N22 · What were the missing data, incomplete crossover and treatment changes?

Current findings: Sequence-specific denominators and attrition in R01 are unverified, and detailed flow for other trials is not stored. Unread external material is not treated as no missing data.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Study-specific flow, discontinuations, missing-data handling, analysis sets, sensitivity analyses and period-specific treatment changes are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions
Materials to obtain first: Study-specific flow, discontinuations, missing-data handling, analysis sets, sensitivity analyses and period-specific treatment changes are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Study-specific flow, discontinuations, missing-data handling, analysis sets, sensitivity analyses and period-specific treatment changes are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N23 · Are symptom improvement and prevention of exacerbations/hospitalization separate?

Current findings: Physiological endpoints and real-world symptoms, rescue medication and clinical exacerbations are different questions. An improved symptom score also does not establish prevention of exacerbations.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Direct evidence for each patient outcome, prespecified definition, timing, denominator and comparator is needed. Lung-function values are not copied into clinical outcomes.
Required materials and conditions: Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization
Materials to obtain first: Direct evidence for each patient outcome, prespecified definition, timing, denominator and comparator is needed. Lung-function values are not copied into clinical outcomes.
Further research: Material needed: Direct evidence for each patient outcome, prespecified definition, timing, denominator and comparator is needed. Lung-function values are not copied into clinical outcomes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N24 · Are inhaler replacement, general asthma and training effects kept outside scope?

Current findings: Claims of preventing asthma with a pre-exercise pill or replacing inhalers exceed the existing scope. General asthma, breathing techniques and muscle soreness are also separate questions.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Direct evidence for treatment replacement, routine asthma control and training adaptation is needed. Content or grades from other pages are not imported.
Required materials and conditions: Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications
Materials to obtain first: Direct evidence for treatment replacement, routine asthma control and training adaptation is needed. Content or grades from other pages are not imported.
Further research: Material needed: Direct evidence for treatment replacement, routine asthma control and training adaptation is needed. Content or grades from other pages are not imported. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N25 · Are publication-bias and independent-confirmation limits retained?

Current findings: The similar physiological direction and limitations from small studies/publication bias are both retained. The original independence assessment is preserved without certifying new independent replication.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Registration, search/inclusion tables, unpublished results, teams, products and report mapping are needed. No new replication count or official certainty grade is calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families
Materials to obtain first: Registration, search/inclusion tables, unpublished results, teams, products and report mapping are needed. No new replication count or official certainty grade is calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Registration, search/inclusion tables, unpublished results, teams, products and report mapping are needed. No new replication count or official certainty grade is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N26 · Are the four company-involvement pathways known?

Current findings: R01 has only a non-US research-support indexing description; actual funding and manufacturer remain unverified. R02 and R03 are also unverified. Indexing is not converted into noncommercial status or no company involvement.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original funding, products, affiliations and conflict disclosures are needed. Historical independence descriptions remain distinct from the current verification scope.
Required materials and conditions: Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest
Materials to obtain first: Original funding, products, affiliations and conflict disclosures are needed. Historical independence descriptions remain distinct from the current verification scope.
Further research: Material needed: Original funding, products, affiliations and conflict disclosures are needed. Historical independence descriptions remain distinct from the current verification scope. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N27 · Are harm collection, events and discontinuations known?

Current findings: Existing caution about gastrointestinal effects of high oral vitamin C doses and limited trial-specific event counts is retained. Actual harm collection and events are not detailed.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparators and periods are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms.
Required materials and conditions: Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events
Materials to obtain first: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparators and periods are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms.
Further research: Material needed: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparators and periods are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N28 · What were the safety denominators, single/2-week exposure and comparators?

Current findings: The original 8, 12 and 20 people and the description of 40 overall do not establish safety denominators. Periods from the same person are not added as participants.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Period-specific safety denominators, exposure, discontinuations, events, comparisons and shared-participant mapping are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period
Materials to obtain first: Period-specific safety denominators, exposure, discontinuations, events, comparisons and shared-participant mapping are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Period-specific safety denominators, exposure, discontinuations, events, comparisons and shared-participant mapping are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N29 · What is known about vulnerable groups, concomitant drugs and long-term/rare harms?

Current findings: Existing caution about stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload, short exposure and mixed ages is retained. Long-term safety and drug-specific event causality are not certified.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Vulnerable groups, concomitant use, timing, independent reports, longer exposure, denominators, controls and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed.
Required materials and conditions: Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms
Materials to obtain first: Vulnerable groups, concomitant use, timing, independent reports, longer exposure, denominators, controls and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed.
Further research: Material needed: Vulnerable groups, concomitant use, timing, independent reports, longer exposure, denominators, controls and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N30 · Are historical checking and current unread external materials distinguished?

Current findings: Existing wording about abstract checking and independent cross-checks is historical. Stored summaries were read here; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans were not.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Actual external acquisition, reading and review remain outstanding. Historical checking, bibliography links or full-text identifiers do not establish current reading or completed review.
Required materials and conditions: Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans
Materials to obtain first: Actual external acquisition, reading and review remain outstanding. Historical checking, bibliography links or full-text identifiers do not establish current reading or completed review.
Further research: Material needed: Actual external acquisition, reading and review remain outstanding. Historical checking, bibliography links or full-text identifiers do not establish current reading or completed review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N31 · Are original Korean/English descriptions, empty corrections and existing calculation wording retained?

Current findings: Existing Korean/English descriptions, empty correction/detailed-claim records and existing calculation wording are preserved. No new correction, calculation or completed external clinical review is created.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records.
Required materials and conditions: Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record
Materials to obtain first: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records.
Further research: Material needed: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05

N32 · Are original C54, assessment values and evidence date distinguished from production?

Current findings: The existing C·54 points·Caution, assessment values and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. The 40-person total and independence strength are original descriptions, not a new certification, sum or grade.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date.
Required materials and conditions: C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date
Materials to obtain first: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date.
Further research: Material needed: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04 R05