# Single-ingredient oral vitamin C × Attenuation of post-exercise FEV1 decline Verdict 3024 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-23 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The population comprises asthmatic participants with documented exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Adults and mixed child/adolescent populations remain separate, with gaps in study-specific diagnosis, selection, baseline lung function and age composition retained. Findings are not automatically generalized to all people with asthma. - Ingredient, formulation and route: The intervention is a single-ingredient oral ascorbic acid supplement. Feedstock, manufacturing process, country and study-specific salt, tablet/capsule, excipients and actual content remain unverified. Foods, combinations and intravenous infusion are not automatically included. - Dose: The original scope is single 500 mg or 2 g doses, or 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks. Study-specific timing, products, actual exposure, adherence and some dose mappings remain unverified. These are not converted into an identical dose, optimal dose, cumulative dose or individual dosing guidance. - Comparator: The comparator is matched crossover placebo. Usual-diet observations are not a separate randomized arm, and crossover periods from one person are not additional participants. Placebo composition, maintained therapy, rescue medication, diet and pre-exercise rules remain unverified in detail. - Measured outcome: The physiological endpoint is maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline (% or L). Maximum values remain distinct from specific time points and units; prespecified primary hierarchy, detailed measurements and within-person estimation remain unverified. Symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization are separate outcomes. - Duration: Exposure is a single pre-challenge dose or 2-week crossover periods. The R01 citation’s 2 weeks per period and 1-week washout are not assigned to all other studies. Study-specific order, carryover/period effects and effects beyond the observation periods remain unverified. - Questions outside this scope: The selected question concerns single-ingredient oral vitamin C and post-exercise lung function in documented exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asthma. It is not extended to routine asthma control, prevention of exacerbations/hospitalization, inhaler replacement, training adaptation or muscle soreness.; The existing C·54 points·Caution, stored assessment values, Korean and English descriptions and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. Historical wording about independent cross-checks does not establish current external reading, regrading or official assessment.; The manuscript’s 3 crossover trials totaling 40 people is a stored description of synthesis size. It is not a new participant sum or certification of unique trials, participants or safety denominators. Original trials and reviews are not added together, and crossover periods are not additional people.; The existing 6.5 percentage points is a recorded simple mean-difference calculation. It is not promoted to a within-person effect, adjusted estimate, paired 95% CI or clinical success rate, and no new difference or interval is calculated.; Maximum percentage decline and 5-minute decline in litres, unspecified ± and explicitly recorded SE, and adults and mixed child/adolescent populations remain distinct. Units, ages and time points are not converted or pooled, and unverified dispersion is not assumed.; The 9 responders remain distinct from outcomes for all 20 participants. No new response rate is calculated, and selected-responder follow-up is not converted into a whole-cohort effect or new independent randomized replication.; The meta-analysis and general-asthma review differ in scope and are not new original trials. Original inclusion, extraction, within-person variance, shared-trial mapping, registrations, protocols and official risk/certainty assessments remain unverified.; Existing caution about diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload with high oral doses is retained. Limited event records are not converted into no harms, long-term safety or confirmed contraindications; no new incidence rate, causality or individual dosing guidance is created. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which exercise-challenge question is addressed? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selected question concerns attenuation of post-exercise FEV1 decline, a physiological endpoint. Routine asthma control, prevention of clinical exacerbations and inhaler replacement remain separate. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original diagnosis, exercise challenge, endpoint, measurement timing and placebo-comparison details are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma - Materials to obtain first: Original diagnosis, exercise challenge, endpoint, measurement timing and placebo-comparison details are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original diagnosis, exercise challenge, endpoint, measurement timing and placebo-comparison details are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral vitamin C and maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline in documented EIB and asthma is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N02 · Are the single-ingredient product, salt and route known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The supplement contains single-ingredient ascorbic acid; study-specific salt, tablet/capsule and excipients remain unverified. Foods, combinations and intravenous infusion are not automatically included. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient and adherence records are needed; equivalence to other products remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid - Materials to obtain first: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient and adherence records are needed; equivalence to other products remains unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient and adherence records are needed; equivalence to other products remains unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Product, salt, excipients and manufacturing of oral ascorbic acid is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N03 · Are single doses and 2-week dosing kept separate? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original scope is single 500 mg or 2 g doses, or 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks. The R01 citation records 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks per period; R02 records 500 mg. Doses are not treated as identical across studies. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Dosing timing, single/repeated administration, products, actual exposure and study mapping for 2 g are needed. Converted or recommended doses are not created. - Required materials and conditions: Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks - Materials to obtain first: Dosing timing, single/repeated administration, products, actual exposure and study mapping for 2 g are needed. Converted or recommended doses are not created. - Further research: Material needed: Dosing timing, single/repeated administration, products, actual exposure and study mapping for 2 g are needed. Converted or recommended doses are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Study-specific mapping of single 500 mg or 2 g doses and 1500 mg/day for 2 weeks is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N04 · Are single exposure, crossover periods and washout distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original scope is a single pre-challenge dose or 2-week crossover exposure. The R01 citation records 2 weeks per period and a 1-week washout. These schedules are not assigned to other studies. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original periods, order, intervals, carryover, period effects and dosing/challenge timing are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout - Materials to obtain first: Original periods, order, intervals, carryover, period effects and dosing/challenge timing are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original periods, order, intervals, carryover, period effects and dosing/challenge timing are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Report-specific schedules for pre-exercise dosing, 2-week periods and 1-week washout is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N05 · Are adults and mixed child/adolescent populations distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 records 8 adults and R02 records 12 asthmatic participants. R03 records 20 people aged 7–28, mean 13.8, mostly children and adolescents. These are not described as 40 adults. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original diagnosis, selection, age, baseline lung function and study-specific population tables are needed. Unrecorded ages are not inferred. - Required materials and conditions: The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03 - Materials to obtain first: Original diagnosis, selection, age, baseline lung function and study-specific population tables are needed. Unrecorded ages are not inferred. - Further research: Material needed: Original diagnosis, selection, age, baseline lung function and study-specific population tables are needed. Unrecorded ages are not inferred. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03 must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on The 8 adults in R01, 12 asthmatic participants in R02 and ages 7–28 in R03 is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N06 · How were standardized exercise challenges and EIB established? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored description states that participants with documented EIB underwent standardized exercise challenges. This remains distinct from testing real-world symptoms or training adaptation. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Challenge and measurement procedures, environment, baseline values, diagnosis, selection and assessor blinding are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing - Materials to obtain first: Challenge and measurement procedures, environment, baseline values, diagnosis, selection and assessor blinding are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Challenge and measurement procedures, environment, baseline values, diagnosis, selection and assessor blinding are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Challenge intensity, environment, diagnostic criteria and FEV1 timing is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N07 · Are usual-diet observations distinguished from crossover placebo? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The comparison uses matched crossover placebo. The usual-diet −14.3±1.6% in R01 is not counted as a separate randomized arm or additional participants. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original condition order, usual-diet/placebo rules, comparable care and measurement schedules are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment - Materials to obtain first: Original condition order, usual-diet/placebo rules, comparable care and measurement schedules are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original condition order, usual-diet/placebo rules, comparable care and measurement schedules are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Matched-placebo comparisons, usual-diet conditions and maintained treatment is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N08 · What were the period-specific rules for inhalers, diet and other treatment? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing description that inhaler replacement exceeds the tested claims is retained. Actual medication maintenance, changes and rescue-medication rules are not detailed in the stored summary. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Baseline medication, changes, adherence, rescue medication, shared diet/care and pre-exercise procedures are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules - Materials to obtain first: Baseline medication, changes, adherence, rescue medication, shared diet/care and pre-exercise procedures are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Baseline medication, changes, adherence, rescue medication, shared diet/care and pre-exercise procedures are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline asthma therapy, rescue medication, changes and pre-exercise rules is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N09 · Are crossover order, periods and paired analyses known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 and R03 are recorded as double-blind placebo crossover studies; R02 as double-blind randomized crossover. Detailed order, adequacy of blinding and paired-analysis rules remain unverified. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original order, periods, carryover, crossover completion, within-person contrasts, variance, correlations and plans are needed. No new official risk assessment is created. - Required materials and conditions: Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis - Materials to obtain first: Original order, periods, carryover, crossover completion, within-person contrasts, variance, correlations and plans are needed. No new official risk assessment is created. - Further research: Material needed: Original order, periods, carryover, crossover completion, within-person contrasts, variance, correlations and plans are needed. No new official risk assessment is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Randomized order, concealment, washout, periods and within-person analysis is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N10 · What are the 8 people and sequence-specific denominators in R01? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 records 8 people with asthma/EIB; sequence-specific analysis denominators and attrition details remain unverified. Two periods from one person are not added as different participants. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original sequence/period flow, denominators, missing data and discontinuations are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults - Materials to obtain first: Original sequence/period flow, denominators, missing data and discontinuations are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original sequence/period flow, denominators, missing data and discontinuations are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Enrollment, crossover completion and sequence/endpoint analyses for 8 adults is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N11 · What is the maximum FEV1 decline in R01? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Maximum FEV1 declines are recorded as C −6.4±2.4%, placebo −12.9±2.4% and usual diet −14.3±1.6%; P<.05. Conditions, units and the maximum-decline definition are retained. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original timing, baseline values, within-person estimates, variance and condition/period mapping are needed. New differences or intervals are not calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet - Materials to obtain first: Original timing, baseline values, within-person estimates, variance and condition/period mapping are needed. New differences or intervals are not calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original timing, baseline values, within-person estimates, variance and condition/period mapping are needed. New differences or intervals are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original percentage declines, ± values and P for vitamin C, placebo and usual diet is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N12 · Are the existing 6.5 percentage points and paired CI distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing record retains a simple mean difference of 6.5 percentage points, unverified paired 95% CI and unverified ± type. This is neither a new calculation nor a verified within-person effect. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original within-person differences, variance, correlations, intervals and ± definitions are needed. The simple difference is not converted into an adjusted/paired effect or clinical success rate. - Required materials and conditions: Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI - Materials to obtain first: Original within-person differences, variance, correlations, intervals and ± definitions are needed. The simple difference is not converted into an adjusted/paired effect or clinical success rate. - Further research: Material needed: Original within-person differences, variance, correlations, intervals and ± definitions are needed. The simple difference is not converted into an adjusted/paired effect or clinical success rate. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical simple mean difference and original within-person estimate and 95% CI is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N13 · Are the 12 people and 500 mg in R02 retained separately? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R02 records 12 asthmatic participants and the citation records 500 mg. The original note against confusion with the 1980 dissertation sample is retained. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original methods, allocation, completion, within-person analyses and dissertation/report mapping are needed. Unidentified samples or totals are not created. - Required materials and conditions: Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial - Materials to obtain first: Original methods, allocation, completion, within-person analyses and dissertation/report mapping are needed. Unidentified samples or totals are not created. - Further research: Material needed: Original methods, allocation, completion, within-person analyses and dissertation/report mapping are needed. Unidentified samples or totals are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Sample, exposure and analysis denominators of the early trial is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N14 · What are the 5-minute FEV1 results in litres in R02? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R02 records 5-minute FEV1 declines of 0.24±0.06 L versus 0.44±0.14 L, mean±SE. Exact between-condition P and 95% CI remain unverified. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original timing, contrasts, denominators, within-person variance and paired P/CI are needed. SE is not converted into SD and no new mean difference is calculated. - Required materials and conditions: 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect - Materials to obtain first: Original timing, contrasts, denominators, within-person variance and paired P/CI are needed. SE is not converted into SD and no new mean difference is calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original timing, contrasts, denominators, within-person variance and paired P/CI are needed. SE is not converted into SD and no new mean difference is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on 5-minute decline in litres, original mean±SE and within-person effect is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N15 · Are declines in litres and percentages of baseline kept separate? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The 5-minute result in litres and maximum percentage decline differ in units and timing. They are not directly summed, as the existing description specifies. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original baseline values, units, timing, standardization and within-person analysis rules are needed. Converted or pooled values are not created. - Required materials and conditions: Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values - Materials to obtain first: Original baseline values, units, timing, standardization and within-person analysis rules are needed. Converted or pooled values are not created. - Further research: Material needed: Original baseline values, units, timing, standardization and within-person analysis rules are needed. Converted or pooled values are not created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinct estimands for absolute litres, percentage decline, maximum and 5-minute values is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N16 · Are all 20 participants and the 9 responders in R03 distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R03 reports 9 responders. The exact paired effect and CI for all 20 remain unverified, so responder-only effects are not adopted. No new response rate is calculated. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Whole-cohort outcomes, response definitions, selection, denominators and within-person effects/intervals are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator - Materials to obtain first: Whole-cohort outcomes, response definitions, selection, denominators and within-person effects/intervals are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Whole-cohort outcomes, response definitions, selection, denominators and within-person effects/intervals are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Effect and CI for all 20 participants, responder definition and denominator is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N17 · Is selected-responder follow-up a randomized replication? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing description that selected-responder follow-up in R03 is not a randomized replication is retained. It is not promoted to a new independent trial or whole-cohort result. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original selection, extension, mapping to all 20 participants, denominators, comparison, timing and duration are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping - Materials to obtain first: Original selection, extension, mapping to all 20 participants, denominators, comparison, timing and duration are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original selection, extension, mapping to all 20 participants, denominators, comparison, timing and duration are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Selection, follow-up extension, exposure, control and whole-cohort mapping is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N18 · Are the 3 original trials distinguished from the meta-analysis? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The R04 citation records a signal from 3 crossover trials totaling 40 people. This is an existing description, not a newly certified sum. The review is not counted as another original trial. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original inclusion/extraction tables, report/trial mapping, within-person denominators and overlap are needed. Final unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review - Materials to obtain first: Original inclusion/extraction tables, report/trial mapping, within-person denominators and overlap are needed. Final unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Original inclusion/extraction tables, report/trial mapping, within-person denominators and overlap are needed. Final unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Crossover-trial inclusion and report mapping in the Hemilä review is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N19 · Is the general-asthma review boundary retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R05 is a historical summary concerning insufficient evidence for routine asthma care. It is not counted as a direct EIB original trial or additional independent refutation. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original review populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping are needed. No new guidelines or recommendations are sought or established. - Required materials and conditions: Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care - Materials to obtain first: Original review populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping are needed. No new guidelines or recommendations are sought or established. - Further research: Material needed: Original review populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping are needed. No new guidelines or recommendations are sought or established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Directness between exercise-challenge lung function and routine asthma care is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N20 · What were the prespecified FEV1 hierarchy and symptom/marker choices? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The trial records retain unverified prespecified hierarchies. The FEV1 emphasis and multiple symptom/inflammatory markers in R01 are not converted into a verified prespecified primary outcome. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and all outcomes, time points and original result tables are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan - Materials to obtain first: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and all outcomes, time points and original result tables are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and all outcomes, time points and original result tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Primary lung-function outcome, timing, symptoms, inflammatory markers and multiplicity plan is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N21 · What were the measurements, maximum-value selection and within-person estimation? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The endpoint description is maximum post-exercise FEV1 decline (% or L). Detailed measurement, maximum-value selection and within-person estimation methods are absent from the stored summary. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original lung-function/challenge methods, assessors, repeated measurements, baseline values, plans and models are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations - Materials to obtain first: Original lung-function/challenge methods, assessors, repeated measurements, baseline values, plans and models are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original lung-function/challenge methods, assessors, repeated measurements, baseline values, plans and models are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original measurement procedures, repeats, baseline, timing, variance and correlations is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N22 · What were the missing data, incomplete crossover and treatment changes? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Sequence-specific denominators and attrition in R01 are unverified, and detailed flow for other trials is not stored. Unread external material is not treated as no missing data. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Study-specific flow, discontinuations, missing-data handling, analysis sets, sensitivity analyses and period-specific treatment changes are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions - Materials to obtain first: Study-specific flow, discontinuations, missing-data handling, analysis sets, sensitivity analyses and period-specific treatment changes are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Study-specific flow, discontinuations, missing-data handling, analysis sets, sensitivity analyses and period-specific treatment changes are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Sequence/period attrition, missing outcomes and analysis exclusions is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N23 · Are symptom improvement and prevention of exacerbations/hospitalization separate? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Physiological endpoints and real-world symptoms, rescue medication and clinical exacerbations are different questions. An improved symptom score also does not establish prevention of exacerbations. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Direct evidence for each patient outcome, prespecified definition, timing, denominator and comparator is needed. Lung-function values are not copied into clinical outcomes. - Required materials and conditions: Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization - Materials to obtain first: Direct evidence for each patient outcome, prespecified definition, timing, denominator and comparator is needed. Lung-function values are not copied into clinical outcomes. - Further research: Material needed: Direct evidence for each patient outcome, prespecified definition, timing, denominator and comparator is needed. Lung-function values are not copied into clinical outcomes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct outcomes for real-world symptoms, rescue medication, exacerbations and hospitalization is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N24 · Are inhaler replacement, general asthma and training effects kept outside scope? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Claims of preventing asthma with a pre-exercise pill or replacing inhalers exceed the existing scope. General asthma, breathing techniques and muscle soreness are also separate questions. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Direct evidence for treatment replacement, routine asthma control and training adaptation is needed. Content or grades from other pages are not imported. - Required materials and conditions: Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications - Materials to obtain first: Direct evidence for treatment replacement, routine asthma control and training adaptation is needed. Content or grades from other pages are not imported. - Further research: Material needed: Direct evidence for treatment replacement, routine asthma control and training adaptation is needed. Content or grades from other pages are not imported. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Boundaries between the selected exercise-challenge question and other treatments/indications is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N25 · Are publication-bias and independent-confirmation limits retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The similar physiological direction and limitations from small studies/publication bias are both retained. The original independence assessment is preserved without certifying new independent replication. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Registration, search/inclusion tables, unpublished results, teams, products and report mapping are needed. No new replication count or official certainty grade is calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families - Materials to obtain first: Registration, search/inclusion tables, unpublished results, teams, products and report mapping are needed. No new replication count or official certainty grade is calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Registration, search/inclusion tables, unpublished results, teams, products and report mapping are needed. No new replication count or official certainty grade is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Unpublished small studies, registration, independent teams and report families is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N26 · Are the four company-involvement pathways known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 has only a non-US research-support indexing description; actual funding and manufacturer remain unverified. R02 and R03 are also unverified. Indexing is not converted into noncommercial status or no company involvement. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original funding, products, affiliations and conflict disclosures are needed. Historical independence descriptions remain distinct from the current verification scope. - Required materials and conditions: Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest - Materials to obtain first: Original funding, products, affiliations and conflict disclosures are needed. Historical independence descriptions remain distinct from the current verification scope. - Further research: Material needed: Original funding, products, affiliations and conflict disclosures are needed. Historical independence descriptions remain distinct from the current verification scope. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Funding, manufacturing/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N27 · Are harm collection, events and discontinuations known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing caution about gastrointestinal effects of high oral vitamin C doses and limited trial-specific event counts is retained. Actual harm collection and events are not detailed. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparators and periods are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms. - Required materials and conditions: Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events - Materials to obtain first: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparators and periods are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms. - Further research: Material needed: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparators and periods are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, collection, severity and original events is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N28 · What were the safety denominators, single/2-week exposure and comparators? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original 8, 12 and 20 people and the description of 40 overall do not establish safety denominators. Periods from the same person are not added as participants. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Period-specific safety denominators, exposure, discontinuations, events, comparisons and shared-participant mapping are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period - Materials to obtain first: Period-specific safety denominators, exposure, discontinuations, events, comparisons and shared-participant mapping are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Period-specific safety denominators, exposure, discontinuations, events, comparisons and shared-participant mapping are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Safety sets, actual dosing, events and exposure by crossover period is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N29 · What is known about vulnerable groups, concomitant drugs and long-term/rare harms? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing caution about stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload, short exposure and mixed ages is retained. Long-term safety and drug-specific event causality are not certified. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Vulnerable groups, concomitant use, timing, independent reports, longer exposure, denominators, controls and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed. - Required materials and conditions: Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms - Materials to obtain first: Vulnerable groups, concomitant use, timing, independent reports, longer exposure, denominators, controls and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed. - Further research: Material needed: Vulnerable groups, concomitant use, timing, independent reports, longer exposure, denominators, controls and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Kidney disease, stones, iron overload, age, concomitant use, alternative causes and independent harms is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N30 · Are historical checking and current unread external materials distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing wording about abstract checking and independent cross-checks is historical. Stored summaries were read here; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans were not. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Actual external acquisition, reading and review remain outstanding. Historical checking, bibliography links or full-text identifiers do not establish current reading or completed review. - Required materials and conditions: Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans - Materials to obtain first: Actual external acquisition, reading and review remain outstanding. Historical checking, bibliography links or full-text identifiers do not establish current reading or completed review. - Further research: Material needed: Actual external acquisition, reading and review remain outstanding. Historical checking, bibliography links or full-text identifiers do not establish current reading or completed review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical access descriptions, stored summaries, external abstracts, full text, registrations and plans is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N31 · Are original Korean/English descriptions, empty corrections and existing calculation wording retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing Korean/English descriptions, empty correction/detailed-claim records and existing calculation wording are preserved. No new correction, calculation or completed external clinical review is created. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records. - Required materials and conditions: Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record - Materials to obtain first: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records. - Further research: Material needed: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Complete originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and the existing 6.5-percentage-point record is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N32 · Are original C54, assessment values and evidence date distinguished from production? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, crossover-trial records and review bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing C·54 points·Caution, assessment values and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. The 40-person total and independence strength are original descriptions, not a new certification, sum or grade. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date. - Required materials and conditions: C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date - Materials to obtain first: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date. - Further research: Material needed: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, units, timing and within-person analysis, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on C54, Caution, existing assessment values and evidence date is needed to connect the selected exercise-challenge question to its oral formulation, population, crossover comparison, units, timing, within-person analysis, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Physiological lung-function signals remain separate from routine asthma control, exacerbations, hospitalization and inhaler replacement. Crossover periods are not additional people, and selected-responder extensions are not independent trials. Units, ages and time points are not mixed; no new effects, intervals, rates, participant totals, cumulative doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, challenge, units, timing, within-person variance, denominators, plans, inclusion/extraction, support and harms remain. Small physiological signals are not converted into established clinical prevention, a precise null effect, equivalence or overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, routes, crossover design, within-person analyses, units, timing, reports and trials, and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Tecklenburg et al. 2007 · Asthma/EIB crossover trial [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412579/) Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: Maximum FEV1 decline: C −6.4±2.4%, placebo −12.9±2.4%, usual diet −14.3±1.6%; P<.05. The simple mean difference of 6.5 percentage points is an existing record; paired 95% CI and ± type remain unverified. Record level: There are 8 adults with asthma/EIB. Sequence-specific analysis denominators, attrition and within-person analysis details remain unverified. Independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 17412579 · DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.014. Historical abstract checking remains distinct from current stored-summary reading. External full text, registration and plans are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | ### R02 Schachter·Schlesinger 1982 · Early crossover trial [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7114587/) Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: 5-minute FEV1 declines are 0.24±0.06 L versus 0.44±0.14 L, mean±SE. Exact between-condition P and 95% CI remain unverified; values are not directly added to percentage declines. Record level: There are 12 asthmatic participants. Original sequence, completion and within-person denominators remain unverified; confusion with the dissertation sample is avoided. Independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 7114587. Historical abstract checking remains historical. Sample mapping to the dissertation, registration and plans were not newly verified here. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | ### R03 Cohen et al. 1997 · Mixed-age crossover trial [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9111435/) Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: There are 9 reported responders. The exact paired effect and 95% CI for all 20 remain unverified, so responder-only effects are not adopted. Record level: There are 20 people aged 7–28, mean 13.8, mostly children and adolescents. Selected-responder follow-up is not a randomized replication. Independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 9111435 · DOI 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170410041005. Historical abstract checking is not current external reading. The whole cohort remains distinct from selected-responder observations. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | ### R04 Hemilä 2013 · Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction meta-analysis [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23794586/) Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: The existing description concerns an FEV1 signal from 3 crossover trials totaling 40 people. It is not a new sum or certification of independent replication. Record level: Original inclusion, extraction, within-person analyses and shared-trial mapping remain unverified. Independent people or trials are not counted in addition to the original trials. Independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 23794586 · PMC3686214. Historical independent-cross-check wording and a full-text identifier do not establish current full-text reading or official assessment. Original inclusion, extraction and analyses are currently unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | ### R05 Cochrane 2013 · General-asthma review [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24154977/) Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: This is a historical boundary description concerning insufficient evidence for routine asthma care. It is not a direct original exercise-challenge trial or additional independent refutation. Record level: Original populations, interventions, outcomes and included-trial mapping remain unverified. No new recommendation, guideline or current reading of the review is established. Independent replication: The 3 stored evidence entries and 5 citations link to 3 crossover original-trial reports and 2 meta-analysis/general-asthma review records. Inclusion, extraction, shared-participant mapping and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified; report counts are not converted into independent replications or new totals. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID 24154977. The scope of routine asthma care remains distinct from the selected exercise-challenge question. Historical independent checking is not promoted to current original-review reading or a new clinical recommendation. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-23 · Public page/materials 1.0. The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 32 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.