Oral Vitamin C After Distal-Radius Fracture or Surgery—CRPS-I Results Remain Conflicting

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhat is the original CRPS-I prevention question?Required	The selected claim is prevention of CRPS-I after distal-radius fracture or surgery. Surgery, conservative treatment, diagnostic criteria and duration remain separate. S01 S02 S03 S04 S05	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Distal-radius fracture/surgery, single oral C, diagnosed CRPS-I, comparison and follow-up	Material needed: It is not extended to guaranteed prevention for every fracture, operation, pain score or other formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionHow does current reading differ from historical abstract or full-text checks?Required	The existing Korean and English stored summary was read. Historical citation records of abstract checking for S01–S03, original HTML/methods/tables/funding checks for S04 and cross-checking for S05 remain separate from current reading. S01 S02 S03 S04 S05	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Stored JSON, historical HTML/abstract/cross-check records and current external materials	Material needed: External abstracts, full text, registration and plans are currently unread and access was not attempted. Historical reading is not inherited as current completion or clinical review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionWhat identifies the early 1999 report?Required	The conservatively treated wrist-fracture trial in Lancet 1999, PMID10636366 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03059-7, is retained. S01	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Zollinger1999, PMID/DOI, conservative treatment and report/trial identity	Material needed: External original material, registration and related-report relationships were not checked here. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionWhat kind of replication is the 2007 dose report?Required	This is the Zollinger 2007 dose randomized trial, PMID17606778 and DOI10.2106/JBJS.F.01147. The original note about shared core investigators with S01 is retained without newly crediting independent replication. S02	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Shared core investigators, multicentre dose trial and PMID/DOI	Material needed: Shared investigators establish neither identical participants nor a basis for promotion to new independent replication. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionWhat identifies the opposing 2014 report and its endpoint?Required	The Ekrol 2014 independent double-blind placebo trial, PMID25187584 and DOI10.2106/JBJS.M.00268, randomized 336 people. DASH function was primary and CRPS secondary. S03	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Ekrol2014, PMID/DOI and DASH primary/CRPS secondary	Material needed: CRPS is not promoted to the overall prespecified primary endpoint. Original registration, analysis plans, events and denominators remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionWhat identifies the 2025 surgical report?Required	The English de Azevedo Filho et al. 2025 surgical report, PMID40860294, PMCIDPMC12377947 and DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810402, is retained. S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	English report, bibliography, initial/completer samples, masking and Budapest criteria	Material needed: Online2025-08-25/eCollection2025-06 is publication metadata, not proof of prospective registration. Original material is currently unread. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionIs the Portuguese version a separate independent trial?Required	The existing manuscript describes Portuguese PMID40860295, PMCIDPMC12377946 and DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810403 as the same cohort. S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Language versions with different PMID/PMCID/DOI and the same-cohort relationship	Material needed: Different identifiers are not added as two trials or extra participants. The same-cohort relationship also remains limited to the stored narrative. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWhere does the meta-analysis fit?Required	Evaniew 2015, PMID26197022, is an existing citation stating that the pooled interval from 3 trials with 890 participants includes no effect and heterogeneity is substantial. It remains separate from direct trial summaries. S05	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Citation-only review, included trials, exact pooling/heterogeneity and original-trial overlap	Material needed: The review is not counted as a new direct trial or 890 additional participants. Included trials, exact values and intervals are unread. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionHow far do the 2021 positive-study and 2022 guideline mentions extend?Required	The existing narrative describes independent positive findings in 2021 and 2025 and an unproven prevention benefit in the 2022 guideline. S01 S02 S03 S04 S05	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Original narrative mentions, exact citations/trials and time scope	Material needed: Exact citations for the 2021 trial and guideline are not individually linked. The 2022 document is not described as a definitive current guideline incorporating 2025. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionAre conservative, older-fracture and adult surgical populations the same?Required	Existing population information treats conservative wrist fractures, older fracture patients and adult surgery separately. S01 concerns conservative treatment and S04 surgery. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Surgery status, age, fracture type/displacement, eligibility and baseline	Material needed: Report-specific age, fracture, surgery, eligibility and mixture proportions remain unverified. Findings are not generalized to every operation or fracture. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionWhat are the purified nutrient and oral formulation?Required	The record concerns oral single-ingredient ascorbic acid, a purified nutrient. Plant part is not applicable; unverified feedstock and manufacture are retained. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Single C, oral route, salts/excipients, feedstock and manufacture	Material needed: Study-specific tablet/capsule, salt, excipients and product identity remain unverified. They are not replaced by combinations, foods or intravenous infusion. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionHow do dosing and follow-up differ between trials?Required	Existing dose information distinguishes early 200/500/1500 mg/day for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days in the independent trial and surgical 1 g for 60 days, from follow-up of 1 year/90 days/24 weeks. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	200/500/1500 mg for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days, surgical 1 g for 60 days and follow-up	Material needed: Grouped dose details are not automatically assigned as each report’s full specification. No cumulative amount or duration is newly calculated without original material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionAre people and wrists distinguished?Required	S01 allocated 123 people/127 wrists and analyzed 115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists versus placebo 63 people/65 wrists. S01	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	S01:123 people/127 wrists→115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists; placebo 63 people/65 wrists	Material needed: Wrist events are not converted into person events, and laterality, bilateral involvement, clustering, allocation or exclusion handling is not inferred. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWhat are the 1999 events and original risk difference?Required	The original 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists and paper-reported risk difference 15 percentage points(95%CI2–26) are retained. S01	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	4/54 versus 14/65 wrists, reported risk difference and original interval	Material needed: Rounding differences in raw proportions are not concealed. Effect direction, models and person-level intervals are not newly inferred or recalculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionWhat are the 2007 people, wrist and dose denominators?Required	S02 reports 416 people/427 wrists, C317 people/328 wrists and placebo 99 people/99 wrists. Dose-group wrist denominators 96/114/118 are retained. S02	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	416 people/427 wrists; C317 people/328 wrists; placebo 99 people/99 wrists; dose-specific wrists	Material needed: Dose groups are not made into independent trials, and the shared placebo 99 wrists are not repeatedly summed. Clustering and analysis-unit correspondence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionWhat are the overall and dose-specific 2007 effects?Required	The original overall 8/328 versus 10/99, P=.002; 200 mg 4/96 RR.41(95%CI.13–1.27), 500 mg 2/114 RR.17(.04–.77) and 1500 mg 2/118 RR.17(.04–.75) are retained. S02	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	8/328 versus 10/99, P and 200/500/1500 RR/95%CI	Material needed: The inclusion of no effect in the 200 mg interval is retained. No conclusion that higher doses are always better, new pooling or new difference is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionAre older RSD/CRPS and Budapest definitions separated?Required	S01’s unverified detailed older RSD/CRPS criteria, S02’s older criteria and S04’s Budapest CRPS remain separate. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Report-specific diagnosis, criteria, assessors and time window	Material needed: They are not combined as the same event diagnosis or relabelled as Budapest criteria. Assessors, masking and misclassification remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionWhat is the scope of the 2014 analysis and 1-year null finding?Required	S03 retains 336 randomized people and the original finding of no demonstrated 1-year CRPS benefit. CRPS was secondary. S03	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	336 randomized, CRPS secondary, 1 year, events/denominators/CI	Material needed: Analysis and event denominators, effects/CI and DASH results are not filled in. A large allocation count is not converted into precise proof of no effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionIs harm in the 6-week nondisplaced subgroup kept within scope?Supplementary	The increase in CRPS in the 6-week nondisplaced subgroup, P=.022, is retained with the original limit that it is not an overall prespecified primary harm result. S03	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	S03 time point, subgroup, prespecification and interaction	Material needed: It is not extended to overall or 1-year harm or definitive causality. Events, denominators, prespecified subgroups, multiplicity and interactions remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionWhat are the initial, completer and group denominators in 2025?Required	S04 reports an initial sample 137→122 completers(C58/placebo 64). Original randomized group denominators remain unverified. S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Initial137→122 completers, C58/placebo 64, original allocation and losses	Material needed: 137 is not converted into a confirmed randomized count. Reasons for loss, group allocation, missing data and ITT/PP remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionAre 2025 events at 12 and 24 weeks retained separately?Required	The original 12-week 0/58 versus 7/64, P=.014; 24-week 0/58 versus 8/64, P=.007 are retained separately. S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Budapest events, the same completer group, each time point and P/CI	Material needed: Events and people at the two times are not summed, and an absence of events is not interpreted as 100% prevention. Between-group 95%CI is unreported/unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionHow far does the 2025 table-denominator typo record extend?Required	The existing English summary for S04 mentions a table-denominator typo. S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Original table, typo location, correction/explanation and result denominator	Material needed: The specific table, cell, typo and any official correction are absent from the stored summary. The original table was not read or changed here, and no new denominator is inferred. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionWhat is the actual scope of trial design, allocation and masking?Required	Original descriptions of double-blind placebo, multicentre dose, independent placebo and multiple-masked surgical designs are retained separately. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Each RCT, sequence generation/concealment, assessment masking, surgery and baseline balance	Material needed: Design labels do not verify all allocation, concealment, maintenance of masking or baseline balance. Original methods are unread. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionCould background treatment, adherence or deviations affect attribution?Required	Conservative treatment, surgery, placebo and standard-care comparisons remain separate. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Fracture care, surgery, immobilization/rehabilitation, analgesia, C adherence, rescue and changes	Material needed: Immobilization, rehabilitation, analgesia, rescue drugs, adherence, group changes and analytical handling remain unverified. Contribution is not automatically assigned to the single ingredient. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionAre prespecified endpoints, registration and CAAE distinguished?Required	Registration identifiers for 4 stored trial summaries could not be confirmed. S04’s official prespecified primary-endpoint hierarchy is also unverified; the original explanation that CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier is retained. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Official registration/history, protocols/SAP, primary/secondary endpoints and ethics approval	Material needed: CAAE is not promoted to prospective trial registration. Registration and plans are currently unread and access was not attempted. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionHow were multiple doses, times, subgroups and outcomes planned?Required	The200/500/1500 doses, S03 subgroup, S04’s12/24 weeks and CRPS/neuropathic pain remain separate. S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Prespecified contrasts, primary/secondary endpoints, multiplicity and all outcomes	Material needed: Prespecified multiplicity, times, subgroups, interactions and selective reporting remain unverified because plans are unread. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
27	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionWhat effects do sparse events and intervals permit?Required	Original early and dose intervals, the unverified surgical between-group CI and inclusion of no effect in the meta-analysis interval are retained together. S01 S02 S03 S04 S05	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Original RR/RD/95%CI, absence of events, denominators and important effects	Material needed: Original0 events do not establish guaranteed prevention; no new adjusted RR/CI or power is calculated. Important differences, exact denominators and plans remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
28	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionAre conflicting effects and limits on independence retained together?Required	Early positive findings, the 336-person opposing trial, the 2025 positive report and differences in surgery, diagnosis and dose are retained. S02, with the same investigators, is not newly credited as independent replication. S01 S02 S03 S04 S05	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Early positive findings, S03 opposing result, S04 positive result and formulation/diagnosis/surgery differences	Material needed: Report counts are not confirmed as independent replication under the same conditions, and conflicting materials are not removed. S05 is not added as new direct participants. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
29	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N29 · Evidence conditionHow far are funding, products, employees and conflicts verified?Required	Unverified funding for S01–S03 and S04’s declaration of no external funding/COI are retained. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Study funding, product support, employment/patents and disclosures	Material needed: No-support declarations are not extended to no product provision, no employee authors or no bias. The existing independence assessment remains a historical record. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
30	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N30 · Evidence conditionHow far can long-term, dose and surgery findings be generalized?Required	Trial-specific dosing 50/90/60 days remains separate from follow-up of 1 year/90 days/24 weeks. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Direct doses, follow-up, surgical/conservative treatment and prespecified subgroups	Material needed: Findings are not extended to always-better higher doses, every operation or fracture, or long-term prevention. Optimal dose and long-term prespecified subgroups remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
31	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N31 · Evidence conditionAre pain and function kept separate from CRPS events?Required	S03’s DASH primary/CRPS secondary endpoints and S04’s CRPS/neuropathic pain remain separate. The original explanation that pain reduction differs from fewer diagnosed CRPS events is retained. S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Diagnosed CRPS, DASH, pain/neuropathic pain boundaries	Material needed: Pain and function are not converted into diagnosed events or guaranteed long-term prevention. No separate quality-of-life or fracture-union benefit is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
32	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N32 · Evidence conditionHow were harms from supplementation collected?Supplementary	Existing safety caution, gastrointestinal discomfort with high oral doses and limited trial-specific event counts are retained. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Oral C adverse events, events/denominators, collection and discontinuation	Material needed: Group-specific harms, collection, discontinuation, exposure and event denominators remain unverified. Reduced or unchanged CRPS does not establish safety. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
33	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N33 · Evidence conditionHow do fracture/surgery, drugs and baseline susceptibility affect harm attribution?Supplementary	Existing caution about oral use is linked to fracture and surgery conditions. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Concomitant treatment/analgesia, surgery/disease, kidney/stone/iron-overload risks, timing and alternatives	Material needed: Specific interactions, harm causality, between-group risk, withdrawal, recovery and re-exposure remain unverified. No new incidence rate or causal judgment is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
34	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N34 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about long-term, rare harms and vulnerable groups?Supplementary	Short-term supplementation/follow-up and the existing safety-caution scope are retained. S01 S02 S03 S04	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Long-term/rare events and direct exposure in baseline disease or special populations	Material needed: Limited event counts do not establish an absence of long-term or rare harms or safety for every vulnerable group. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
35	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N35 · Evidence conditionWhat do the existing C54, date and bilingual explanations mean?Required	Existing C·54 points, assessment values, historical cross-check records and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. Existing corrections, additional subclaims and deliberation explanations are empty; this does not establish current reading of external original material. S01 S02 S03 S04 S05	The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Existing C54, assessment values, 2026-09-07, bilingual explanations and change history	Material needed: Existing assessments and historical latest/verified wording are not inherited as current regrading, clinical review, a comprehensive literature search or completed reading of original material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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35 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: Conservatively treated wrist fractures, older fracture patients and adult surgical patients remain separate. Study-specific age, fracture type, displacement, surgery and eligibility are not generalized to every fracture or operation.
Ingredient, formulation and route: The record concerns oral single-ingredient ascorbic acid, a purified nutrient. Feedstock, manufacture and study-specific tablet/capsule, salt, excipients and product identity remain unverified. It is not extended to foods, combinations or intravenous infusion.
Dose: The existing dose information is early 200/500/1500 mg/day for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days in the independent trial, and 1 g for 60 days in the surgical trial. These grouped details are not automatically assigned as each report’s full specification without the original material, and no cumulative dose is newly calculated.
Comparator: The original matched-placebo or standard-care context is retained without mixing surgical and conservative treatment. Immobilization, rehabilitation, analgesia, rescue treatment, additional supplements, adherence, group changes and their analytical handling remain unverified.
Measured outcome: The endpoint is diagnosed CRPS-I incidence. Older RSD/CRPS and Budapest criteria remain separate; DASH function, pain and neuropathic pain do not substitute for fewer diagnosed events. Primary and secondary endpoints and the official prespecified hierarchy also remain separate.
Duration: Dosing for 50 days, 90 days and 60 days remains separate from follow-up of 1 year, 90 days and 24 weeks. The 2025 report’s 12-week and 24-week observations concern the same completer group; events and people are not summed.
Questions outside this scope: This question concerns single-ingredient oral vitamin C for CRPS-I prevention after distal-radius fracture or surgery. It is not extended to every fracture, operation, other formulation, fracture union, quality-of-life benefit or individual dosing guidance.; The existing grade C·54 points, stored assessment values, Korean and English explanations and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. Historical cross-check records do not establish current reading of original material, regrading or a completed comprehensive literature search.; People and wrists, allocation and analysis, and initial samples and completers remain separate. Shared placebo groups, dose groups and denominators at two observation times are not double-counted, and an absence of events is not interpreted as guaranteed prevention.; Older RSD/CRPS and Budapest criteria are not combined as the same diagnosis. The 2014 DASH primary endpoint, CRPS secondary endpoint and P=.022 in the 6-week nondisplaced subgroup remain separate from an overall prespecified primary harm outcome.; The same core investigators in the 1999 and 2007 reports establish neither identical participants nor a reason to add independent replication. The 2025 English and Portuguese versions concern the same cohort and are not counted as two trials.; The meta-analysis citation’s 3 trials and 890 participants are not counted as new direct trials or additional participants. The 2021 positive-study and 2022 guideline mentions lack individually linked exact citations and are not turned into new reports or an up-to-date guideline incorporating 2025.; The original explanation that CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier is retained without promoting it to prospective trial registration. Exact endpoint hierarchy, registration changes, protocols, analysis plans and the content of any corrected table remain unverified.; Existing caution about gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, kidney disease, stone risk and iron overload with high oral vitamin C doses is retained. Limited event counts or CRPS results are not converted into an absence of harms or established safety, and no new incidence rate is calculated.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

S01 · Zollinger et al. 1999 · Conservatively treated wrist fractures

PubMed

Material type: Double-blind placebo randomized trial; conservative treatment
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists. The paper-reported risk difference of 15 percentage points (95%CI2–26) is retained; rounding differences in raw proportions are not concealed through new calculation.
Record level: 123 people and 127 wrists allocated→115 people and 119 wrists analyzed. C52 people/54 wrists and placebo 63 people/65 wrists remain separate. People and wrists are distinguished; detailed older RSD/CRPS diagnostic criteria remain unverified.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 1999 and 2007 reports share core investigators, but are not merged as identical participants or newly credited as independent replication. The 2025 English and Portuguese versions and 12-week and 24-week results are reports and time points from the same cohort. The meta-analysis’s 3 trials and 890 participants are not added to original trials; unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID10636366 · DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03059-7. The historical citation’s abstract-check record is retained. Only the stored summary was read here; external original material, registration and protocols are unread. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID10636366 · DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03059-7. The historical citation’s abstract-check record is retained. Only the stored summary was read here; external original material, registration and protocols are unread. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID10636366 · DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03059-7. The historical citation’s abstract-check record is retained. Only the stored summary was read here; external original material, registration and protocols are unread. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID10636366 · DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03059-7. The historical citation’s abstract-check record is retained. Only the stored summary was read here; external original material, registration and protocols are unread. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID10636366 · DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03059-7. The historical citation’s abstract-check record is retained. Only the stored summary was read here; external original material, registration and protocols are unread. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID10636366 · DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03059-7. The historical citation’s abstract-check record is retained. Only the stored summary was read here; external original material, registration and protocols are unread. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.

S02 · Zollinger et al. 2007 · Multicentre dose report

PubMed

Material type: Double-blind multicentre dose randomized trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Overall 8/328 versus 10/99, P=.002. The original dose results are retained: 200 mg 4/96, RR.41(95%CI.13–1.27); 500 mg 2/114, RR.17(.04–.77); 1500 mg 2/118, RR.17(.04–.75).
Record level: 416 people/427 wrists; C317 people/328 wrists and placebo 99 people/99 wrists. Dose-specific wrist denominators and the shared placebo remain separate. Core investigators overlap with the early report; dose groups are not counted as separate independent trials.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 1999 and 2007 reports share core investigators, but are not merged as identical participants or newly credited as independent replication. The 2025 English and Portuguese versions and 12-week and 24-week results are reports and time points from the same cohort. The meta-analysis’s 3 trials and 890 participants are not added to original trials; unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID17606778 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.F.01147. Historical abstract checking and the shared-core-investigator note are retained without conversion into current reading of original material or new independent replication. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID17606778 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.F.01147. Historical abstract checking and the shared-core-investigator note are retained without conversion into current reading of original material or new independent replication. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID17606778 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.F.01147. Historical abstract checking and the shared-core-investigator note are retained without conversion into current reading of original material or new independent replication. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID17606778 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.F.01147. Historical abstract checking and the shared-core-investigator note are retained without conversion into current reading of original material or new independent replication. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID17606778 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.F.01147. Historical abstract checking and the shared-core-investigator note are retained without conversion into current reading of original material or new independent replication. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID17606778 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.F.01147. Historical abstract checking and the shared-core-investigator note are retained without conversion into current reading of original material or new independent replication. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.

S03 · Ekrol et al. 2014 · Independent placebo report

PubMed

Material type: Independent double-blind placebo randomized trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: The original finding of no demonstrated 1-year CRPS benefit is retained. Increased CRPS in the 6-week nondisplaced subgroup, P=.022, is not an overall prespecified primary harm result.
Record level: 336 people were randomized; analysis and event denominators remain unverified. DASH function was primary and CRPS secondary. Exact effects, intervals, registration and analysis plans remain separately unverified.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 1999 and 2007 reports share core investigators, but are not merged as identical participants or newly credited as independent replication. The 2025 English and Portuguese versions and 12-week and 24-week results are reports and time points from the same cohort. The meta-analysis’s 3 trials and 890 participants are not added to original trials; unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID25187584 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.M.00268. Historical abstract checking and the primary/secondary distinction are retained. External original material and prespecified plans are currently unread; the opposing result is retained. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID25187584 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.M.00268. Historical abstract checking and the primary/secondary distinction are retained. External original material and prespecified plans are currently unread; the opposing result is retained. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID25187584 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.M.00268. Historical abstract checking and the primary/secondary distinction are retained. External original material and prespecified plans are currently unread; the opposing result is retained. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID25187584 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.M.00268. Historical abstract checking and the primary/secondary distinction are retained. External original material and prespecified plans are currently unread; the opposing result is retained. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID25187584 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.M.00268. Historical abstract checking and the primary/secondary distinction are retained. External original material and prespecified plans are currently unread; the opposing result is retained. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID25187584 · DOI10.2106/JBJS.M.00268. Historical abstract checking and the primary/secondary distinction are retained. External original material and prespecified plans are currently unread; the opposing result is retained. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.

S04 · de Azevedo Filho et al. 2025 · Surgical-patient report

Official source

Material type: Double-/multiple-masked placebo surgical trial; prespecified endpoint hierarchy unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Budapest CRPS:12 weeks 0/58 versus 7/64, P=.014; 24 weeks 0/58 versus 8/64, P=.007. Between-group 95%CI is unreported/unverified.
Record level: Initial sample 137→122 completers(C58/placebo 64). Original randomized group denominators and missing-data/analysis handling remain unverified. The original declarations of no external funding/COI and the completer-analysis scope are retained.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 1999 and 2007 reports share core investigators, but are not merged as identical participants or newly credited as independent replication. The 2025 English and Portuguese versions and 12-week and 24-week results are reports and time points from the same cohort. The meta-analysis’s 3 trials and 890 participants are not added to original trials; unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	The original note identifies English PMID40860294, PMCIDPMC12377947, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810402 and Portuguese PMID40860295, PMCIDPMC12377946, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810403 as the same cohort. Historical HTML, methods, table and funding checks are not current reading. CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier; the specific table-denominator typo and any official correction remain unverified. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	The original note identifies English PMID40860294, PMCIDPMC12377947, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810402 and Portuguese PMID40860295, PMCIDPMC12377946, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810403 as the same cohort. Historical HTML, methods, table and funding checks are not current reading. CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier; the specific table-denominator typo and any official correction remain unverified. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	The original note identifies English PMID40860294, PMCIDPMC12377947, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810402 and Portuguese PMID40860295, PMCIDPMC12377946, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810403 as the same cohort. Historical HTML, methods, table and funding checks are not current reading. CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier; the specific table-denominator typo and any official correction remain unverified. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	The original note identifies English PMID40860294, PMCIDPMC12377947, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810402 and Portuguese PMID40860295, PMCIDPMC12377946, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810403 as the same cohort. Historical HTML, methods, table and funding checks are not current reading. CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier; the specific table-denominator typo and any official correction remain unverified. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	The original note identifies English PMID40860294, PMCIDPMC12377947, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810402 and Portuguese PMID40860295, PMCIDPMC12377946, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810403 as the same cohort. Historical HTML, methods, table and funding checks are not current reading. CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier; the specific table-denominator typo and any official correction remain unverified. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	The original note identifies English PMID40860294, PMCIDPMC12377947, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810402 and Portuguese PMID40860295, PMCIDPMC12377946, DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810403 as the same cohort. Historical HTML, methods, table and funding checks are not current reading. CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier; the specific table-denominator typo and any official correction remain unverified. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.

S05 · Evaniew et al. 2015 · Meta-analysis citation

PubMed

Material type: Citation-only meta-analysis; separate from direct trial summaries
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: The existing summary states that the pooled interval from 3 trials with 890 participants includes no effect and heterogeneity is substantial.
Record level: This is citation context for PMID26197022. Exact pooled values, intervals and included-trial mapping are unread and are not added as new direct trials or participants.
Study overlap and independent replication: The 1999 and 2007 reports share core investigators, but are not merged as identical participants or newly credited as independent replication. The 2025 English and Portuguese versions and 12-week and 24-week results are reports and time points from the same cohort. The meta-analysis’s 3 trials and 890 participants are not added to original trials; unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary	Stored summary	Summary read	This is the existing meta-analysis citation PMID26197022. Historical cross-check wording is retained, while original material, inclusion tables, extraction and analysis materials are unread here and are not double-counted with original trials. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the existing meta-analysis citation PMID26197022. Historical cross-check wording is retained, while original material, inclusion tables, extraction and analysis materials are unread here and are not double-counted with original trials. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the existing meta-analysis citation PMID26197022. Historical cross-check wording is retained, while original material, inclusion tables, extraction and analysis materials are unread here and are not double-counted with original trials. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the existing meta-analysis citation PMID26197022. Historical cross-check wording is retained, while original material, inclusion tables, extraction and analysis materials are unread here and are not double-counted with original trials. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the existing meta-analysis citation PMID26197022. Historical cross-check wording is retained, while original material, inclusion tables, extraction and analysis materials are unread here and are not double-counted with original trials. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the existing meta-analysis citation PMID26197022. Historical cross-check wording is retained, while original material, inclusion tables, extraction and analysis materials are unread here and are not double-counted with original trials. Dates for all material slots are the original record’s historical evidence date. Unread external slots retain the same historical date, which is not presented as current external reading.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The 1999 and 2007 reports share core investigators, but are not merged as identical participants or newly credited as independent replication. The 2025 English and Portuguese versions and 12-week and 24-week results are reports and time points from the same cohort. The meta-analysis’s 3 trials and 890 participants are not added to original trials; unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unverified.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · What is the original CRPS-I prevention question?

Required materials and conditions: Distal-radius fracture/surgery, single oral C, diagnosed CRPS-I, comparison and follow-up
Conditions for verification: Original records on Distal-radius fracture/surgery, single oral C, diagnosed CRPS-I, comparison and follow-up must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Distal-radius fracture/surgery, single oral C, diagnosed CRPS-I, comparison and follow-up is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N02 · How does current reading differ from historical abstract or full-text checks?

Required materials and conditions: Stored JSON, historical HTML/abstract/cross-check records and current external materials
Conditions for verification: Original records on Stored JSON, historical HTML/abstract/cross-check records and current external materials must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Stored JSON, historical HTML/abstract/cross-check records and current external materials is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N03 · What identifies the early 1999 report?

Required materials and conditions: Zollinger1999, PMID/DOI, conservative treatment and report/trial identity
Conditions for verification: Original records on Zollinger1999, PMID/DOI, conservative treatment and report/trial identity must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Zollinger1999, PMID/DOI, conservative treatment and report/trial identity is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N04 · What kind of replication is the 2007 dose report?

Required materials and conditions: Shared core investigators, multicentre dose trial and PMID/DOI
Conditions for verification: Original records on Shared core investigators, multicentre dose trial and PMID/DOI must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Shared core investigators, multicentre dose trial and PMID/DOI is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N05 · What identifies the opposing 2014 report and its endpoint?

Required materials and conditions: Ekrol2014, PMID/DOI and DASH primary/CRPS secondary
Conditions for verification: Original records on Ekrol2014, PMID/DOI and DASH primary/CRPS secondary must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Ekrol2014, PMID/DOI and DASH primary/CRPS secondary is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N06 · What identifies the 2025 surgical report?

Required materials and conditions: English report, bibliography, initial/completer samples, masking and Budapest criteria
Conditions for verification: Original records on English report, bibliography, initial/completer samples, masking and Budapest criteria must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on English report, bibliography, initial/completer samples, masking and Budapest criteria is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N07 · Is the Portuguese version a separate independent trial?

Required materials and conditions: Language versions with different PMID/PMCID/DOI and the same-cohort relationship
Conditions for verification: Original records on Language versions with different PMID/PMCID/DOI and the same-cohort relationship must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Language versions with different PMID/PMCID/DOI and the same-cohort relationship is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N08 · Where does the meta-analysis fit?

Required materials and conditions: Citation-only review, included trials, exact pooling/heterogeneity and original-trial overlap
Conditions for verification: Original records on Citation-only review, included trials, exact pooling/heterogeneity and original-trial overlap must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Citation-only review, included trials, exact pooling/heterogeneity and original-trial overlap is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N09 · How far do the 2021 positive-study and 2022 guideline mentions extend?

Required materials and conditions: Original narrative mentions, exact citations/trials and time scope
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original narrative mentions, exact citations/trials and time scope must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original narrative mentions, exact citations/trials and time scope is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N10 · Are conservative, older-fracture and adult surgical populations the same?

Required materials and conditions: Surgery status, age, fracture type/displacement, eligibility and baseline
Conditions for verification: Original records on Surgery status, age, fracture type/displacement, eligibility and baseline must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Surgery status, age, fracture type/displacement, eligibility and baseline is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N11 · What are the purified nutrient and oral formulation?

Required materials and conditions: Single C, oral route, salts/excipients, feedstock and manufacture
Conditions for verification: Original records on Single C, oral route, salts/excipients, feedstock and manufacture must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Single C, oral route, salts/excipients, feedstock and manufacture is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N12 · How do dosing and follow-up differ between trials?

Required materials and conditions: 200/500/1500 mg for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days, surgical 1 g for 60 days and follow-up
Conditions for verification: Original records on 200/500/1500 mg for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days, surgical 1 g for 60 days and follow-up must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 200/500/1500 mg for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days, surgical 1 g for 60 days and follow-up is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N13 · Are people and wrists distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: S01:123 people/127 wrists→115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists; placebo 63 people/65 wrists
Conditions for verification: Original records on S01:123 people/127 wrists→115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists; placebo 63 people/65 wrists must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on S01:123 people/127 wrists→115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists; placebo 63 people/65 wrists is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N14 · What are the 1999 events and original risk difference?

Required materials and conditions: 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists, reported risk difference and original interval
Conditions for verification: Original records on 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists, reported risk difference and original interval must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists, reported risk difference and original interval is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N15 · What are the 2007 people, wrist and dose denominators?

Required materials and conditions: 416 people/427 wrists; C317 people/328 wrists; placebo 99 people/99 wrists; dose-specific wrists
Conditions for verification: Original records on 416 people/427 wrists; C317 people/328 wrists; placebo 99 people/99 wrists; dose-specific wrists must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 416 people/427 wrists; C317 people/328 wrists; placebo 99 people/99 wrists; dose-specific wrists is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N16 · What are the overall and dose-specific 2007 effects?

Required materials and conditions: 8/328 versus 10/99, P and 200/500/1500 RR/95%CI
Conditions for verification: Original records on 8/328 versus 10/99, P and 200/500/1500 RR/95%CI must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 8/328 versus 10/99, P and 200/500/1500 RR/95%CI is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N17 · Are older RSD/CRPS and Budapest definitions separated?

Required materials and conditions: Report-specific diagnosis, criteria, assessors and time window
Conditions for verification: Original records on Report-specific diagnosis, criteria, assessors and time window must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Report-specific diagnosis, criteria, assessors and time window is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N18 · What is the scope of the 2014 analysis and 1-year null finding?

Required materials and conditions: 336 randomized, CRPS secondary, 1 year, events/denominators/CI
Conditions for verification: Original records on 336 randomized, CRPS secondary, 1 year, events/denominators/CI must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 336 randomized, CRPS secondary, 1 year, events/denominators/CI is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N19 · Is harm in the 6-week nondisplaced subgroup kept within scope?

Required materials and conditions: S03 time point, subgroup, prespecification and interaction
Conditions for verification: Original records on S03 time point, subgroup, prespecification and interaction must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on S03 time point, subgroup, prespecification and interaction is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N20 · What are the initial, completer and group denominators in 2025?

Required materials and conditions: Initial137→122 completers, C58/placebo 64, original allocation and losses
Conditions for verification: Original records on Initial137→122 completers, C58/placebo 64, original allocation and losses must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Initial137→122 completers, C58/placebo 64, original allocation and losses is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N21 · Are 2025 events at 12 and 24 weeks retained separately?

Required materials and conditions: Budapest events, the same completer group, each time point and P/CI
Conditions for verification: Original records on Budapest events, the same completer group, each time point and P/CI must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Budapest events, the same completer group, each time point and P/CI is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N22 · How far does the 2025 table-denominator typo record extend?

Required materials and conditions: Original table, typo location, correction/explanation and result denominator
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original table, typo location, correction/explanation and result denominator must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original table, typo location, correction/explanation and result denominator is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N23 · What is the actual scope of trial design, allocation and masking?

Required materials and conditions: Each RCT, sequence generation/concealment, assessment masking, surgery and baseline balance
Conditions for verification: Original records on Each RCT, sequence generation/concealment, assessment masking, surgery and baseline balance must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Each RCT, sequence generation/concealment, assessment masking, surgery and baseline balance is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N24 · Could background treatment, adherence or deviations affect attribution?

Required materials and conditions: Fracture care, surgery, immobilization/rehabilitation, analgesia, C adherence, rescue and changes
Conditions for verification: Original records on Fracture care, surgery, immobilization/rehabilitation, analgesia, C adherence, rescue and changes must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Fracture care, surgery, immobilization/rehabilitation, analgesia, C adherence, rescue and changes is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N25 · Are prespecified endpoints, registration and CAAE distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Official registration/history, protocols/SAP, primary/secondary endpoints and ethics approval
Conditions for verification: Original records on Official registration/history, protocols/SAP, primary/secondary endpoints and ethics approval must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Official registration/history, protocols/SAP, primary/secondary endpoints and ethics approval is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N26 · How were multiple doses, times, subgroups and outcomes planned?

Required materials and conditions: Prespecified contrasts, primary/secondary endpoints, multiplicity and all outcomes
Conditions for verification: Original records on Prespecified contrasts, primary/secondary endpoints, multiplicity and all outcomes must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified contrasts, primary/secondary endpoints, multiplicity and all outcomes is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N27 · What effects do sparse events and intervals permit?

Required materials and conditions: Original RR/RD/95%CI, absence of events, denominators and important effects
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original RR/RD/95%CI, absence of events, denominators and important effects must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original RR/RD/95%CI, absence of events, denominators and important effects is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N28 · Are conflicting effects and limits on independence retained together?

Required materials and conditions: Early positive findings, S03 opposing result, S04 positive result and formulation/diagnosis/surgery differences
Conditions for verification: Original records on Early positive findings, S03 opposing result, S04 positive result and formulation/diagnosis/surgery differences must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Early positive findings, S03 opposing result, S04 positive result and formulation/diagnosis/surgery differences is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N29 · How far are funding, products, employees and conflicts verified?

Required materials and conditions: Study funding, product support, employment/patents and disclosures
Conditions for verification: Original records on Study funding, product support, employment/patents and disclosures must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Study funding, product support, employment/patents and disclosures is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N30 · How far can long-term, dose and surgery findings be generalized?

Required materials and conditions: Direct doses, follow-up, surgical/conservative treatment and prespecified subgroups
Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct doses, follow-up, surgical/conservative treatment and prespecified subgroups must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct doses, follow-up, surgical/conservative treatment and prespecified subgroups is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N31 · Are pain and function kept separate from CRPS events?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed CRPS, DASH, pain/neuropathic pain boundaries
Conditions for verification: Original records on Diagnosed CRPS, DASH, pain/neuropathic pain boundaries must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Diagnosed CRPS, DASH, pain/neuropathic pain boundaries is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N32 · How were harms from supplementation collected?

Required materials and conditions: Oral C adverse events, events/denominators, collection and discontinuation
Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral C adverse events, events/denominators, collection and discontinuation must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral C adverse events, events/denominators, collection and discontinuation is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N33 · How do fracture/surgery, drugs and baseline susceptibility affect harm attribution?

Required materials and conditions: Concomitant treatment/analgesia, surgery/disease, kidney/stone/iron-overload risks, timing and alternatives
Conditions for verification: Original records on Concomitant treatment/analgesia, surgery/disease, kidney/stone/iron-overload risks, timing and alternatives must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Concomitant treatment/analgesia, surgery/disease, kidney/stone/iron-overload risks, timing and alternatives is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N34 · What is known about long-term, rare harms and vulnerable groups?

Required materials and conditions: Long-term/rare events and direct exposure in baseline disease or special populations
Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term/rare events and direct exposure in baseline disease or special populations must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term/rare events and direct exposure in baseline disease or special populations is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

N35 · What do the existing C54, date and bilingual explanations mean?

Required materials and conditions: Existing C54, assessment values, 2026-09-07, bilingual explanations and change history
Conditions for verification: Original records on Existing C54, assessment values, 2026-09-07, bilingual explanations and change history must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Existing C54, assessment values, 2026-09-07, bilingual explanations and change history is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-22 · Public page/material version 1.0

The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 35 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-07) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · What is the original CRPS-I prevention question?

Current findings: The selected claim is prevention of CRPS-I after distal-radius fracture or surgery. Surgery, conservative treatment, diagnostic criteria and duration remain separate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: It is not extended to guaranteed prevention for every fracture, operation, pain score or other formulation.
Required materials and conditions: Distal-radius fracture/surgery, single oral C, diagnosed CRPS-I, comparison and follow-up
Materials to obtain first: It is not extended to guaranteed prevention for every fracture, operation, pain score or other formulation.
Further research: Material needed: It is not extended to guaranteed prevention for every fracture, operation, pain score or other formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Distal-radius fracture/surgery, single oral C, diagnosed CRPS-I, comparison and follow-up must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Distal-radius fracture/surgery, single oral C, diagnosed CRPS-I, comparison and follow-up is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04 S05

N02 · How does current reading differ from historical abstract or full-text checks?

Current findings: The existing Korean and English stored summary was read. Historical citation records of abstract checking for S01–S03, original HTML/methods/tables/funding checks for S04 and cross-checking for S05 remain separate from current reading.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: External abstracts, full text, registration and plans are currently unread and access was not attempted. Historical reading is not inherited as current completion or clinical review.
Required materials and conditions: Stored JSON, historical HTML/abstract/cross-check records and current external materials
Materials to obtain first: External abstracts, full text, registration and plans are currently unread and access was not attempted. Historical reading is not inherited as current completion or clinical review.
Further research: Material needed: External abstracts, full text, registration and plans are currently unread and access was not attempted. Historical reading is not inherited as current completion or clinical review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Stored JSON, historical HTML/abstract/cross-check records and current external materials must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Stored JSON, historical HTML/abstract/cross-check records and current external materials is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04 S05

N03 · What identifies the early 1999 report?

Current findings: The conservatively treated wrist-fracture trial in Lancet 1999, PMID10636366 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03059-7, is retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: External original material, registration and related-report relationships were not checked here.
Required materials and conditions: Zollinger1999, PMID/DOI, conservative treatment and report/trial identity
Materials to obtain first: External original material, registration and related-report relationships were not checked here.
Further research: Material needed: External original material, registration and related-report relationships were not checked here. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Zollinger1999, PMID/DOI, conservative treatment and report/trial identity must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Zollinger1999, PMID/DOI, conservative treatment and report/trial identity is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01

N04 · What kind of replication is the 2007 dose report?

Current findings: This is the Zollinger 2007 dose randomized trial, PMID17606778 and DOI10.2106/JBJS.F.01147. The original note about shared core investigators with S01 is retained without newly crediting independent replication.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Shared investigators establish neither identical participants nor a basis for promotion to new independent replication.
Required materials and conditions: Shared core investigators, multicentre dose trial and PMID/DOI
Materials to obtain first: Shared investigators establish neither identical participants nor a basis for promotion to new independent replication.
Further research: Material needed: Shared investigators establish neither identical participants nor a basis for promotion to new independent replication. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Shared core investigators, multicentre dose trial and PMID/DOI must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Shared core investigators, multicentre dose trial and PMID/DOI is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S02

N05 · What identifies the opposing 2014 report and its endpoint?

Current findings: The Ekrol 2014 independent double-blind placebo trial, PMID25187584 and DOI10.2106/JBJS.M.00268, randomized 336 people. DASH function was primary and CRPS secondary.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: CRPS is not promoted to the overall prespecified primary endpoint. Original registration, analysis plans, events and denominators remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Ekrol2014, PMID/DOI and DASH primary/CRPS secondary
Materials to obtain first: CRPS is not promoted to the overall prespecified primary endpoint. Original registration, analysis plans, events and denominators remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: CRPS is not promoted to the overall prespecified primary endpoint. Original registration, analysis plans, events and denominators remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Ekrol2014, PMID/DOI and DASH primary/CRPS secondary must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Ekrol2014, PMID/DOI and DASH primary/CRPS secondary is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S03

N06 · What identifies the 2025 surgical report?

Current findings: The English de Azevedo Filho et al. 2025 surgical report, PMID40860294, PMCIDPMC12377947 and DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810402, is retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Online2025-08-25/eCollection2025-06 is publication metadata, not proof of prospective registration. Original material is currently unread.
Required materials and conditions: English report, bibliography, initial/completer samples, masking and Budapest criteria
Materials to obtain first: Online2025-08-25/eCollection2025-06 is publication metadata, not proof of prospective registration. Original material is currently unread.
Further research: Material needed: Online2025-08-25/eCollection2025-06 is publication metadata, not proof of prospective registration. Original material is currently unread. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on English report, bibliography, initial/completer samples, masking and Budapest criteria must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on English report, bibliography, initial/completer samples, masking and Budapest criteria is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S04

N07 · Is the Portuguese version a separate independent trial?

Current findings: The existing manuscript describes Portuguese PMID40860295, PMCIDPMC12377946 and DOI10.1055/s-0045-1810403 as the same cohort.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Different identifiers are not added as two trials or extra participants. The same-cohort relationship also remains limited to the stored narrative.
Required materials and conditions: Language versions with different PMID/PMCID/DOI and the same-cohort relationship
Materials to obtain first: Different identifiers are not added as two trials or extra participants. The same-cohort relationship also remains limited to the stored narrative.
Further research: Material needed: Different identifiers are not added as two trials or extra participants. The same-cohort relationship also remains limited to the stored narrative. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Language versions with different PMID/PMCID/DOI and the same-cohort relationship must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Language versions with different PMID/PMCID/DOI and the same-cohort relationship is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S04

N08 · Where does the meta-analysis fit?

Current findings: Evaniew 2015, PMID26197022, is an existing citation stating that the pooled interval from 3 trials with 890 participants includes no effect and heterogeneity is substantial. It remains separate from direct trial summaries.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: The review is not counted as a new direct trial or 890 additional participants. Included trials, exact values and intervals are unread.
Required materials and conditions: Citation-only review, included trials, exact pooling/heterogeneity and original-trial overlap
Materials to obtain first: The review is not counted as a new direct trial or 890 additional participants. Included trials, exact values and intervals are unread.
Further research: Material needed: The review is not counted as a new direct trial or 890 additional participants. Included trials, exact values and intervals are unread. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Citation-only review, included trials, exact pooling/heterogeneity and original-trial overlap must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Citation-only review, included trials, exact pooling/heterogeneity and original-trial overlap is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S05

N09 · How far do the 2021 positive-study and 2022 guideline mentions extend?

Current findings: The existing narrative describes independent positive findings in 2021 and 2025 and an unproven prevention benefit in the 2022 guideline.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Exact citations for the 2021 trial and guideline are not individually linked. The 2022 document is not described as a definitive current guideline incorporating 2025.
Required materials and conditions: Original narrative mentions, exact citations/trials and time scope
Materials to obtain first: Exact citations for the 2021 trial and guideline are not individually linked. The 2022 document is not described as a definitive current guideline incorporating 2025.
Further research: Material needed: Exact citations for the 2021 trial and guideline are not individually linked. The 2022 document is not described as a definitive current guideline incorporating 2025. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original narrative mentions, exact citations/trials and time scope must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original narrative mentions, exact citations/trials and time scope is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04 S05

N10 · Are conservative, older-fracture and adult surgical populations the same?

Current findings: Existing population information treats conservative wrist fractures, older fracture patients and adult surgery separately. S01 concerns conservative treatment and S04 surgery.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Report-specific age, fracture, surgery, eligibility and mixture proportions remain unverified. Findings are not generalized to every operation or fracture.
Required materials and conditions: Surgery status, age, fracture type/displacement, eligibility and baseline
Materials to obtain first: Report-specific age, fracture, surgery, eligibility and mixture proportions remain unverified. Findings are not generalized to every operation or fracture.
Further research: Material needed: Report-specific age, fracture, surgery, eligibility and mixture proportions remain unverified. Findings are not generalized to every operation or fracture. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Surgery status, age, fracture type/displacement, eligibility and baseline must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Surgery status, age, fracture type/displacement, eligibility and baseline is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N11 · What are the purified nutrient and oral formulation?

Current findings: The record concerns oral single-ingredient ascorbic acid, a purified nutrient. Plant part is not applicable; unverified feedstock and manufacture are retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Study-specific tablet/capsule, salt, excipients and product identity remain unverified. They are not replaced by combinations, foods or intravenous infusion.
Required materials and conditions: Single C, oral route, salts/excipients, feedstock and manufacture
Materials to obtain first: Study-specific tablet/capsule, salt, excipients and product identity remain unverified. They are not replaced by combinations, foods or intravenous infusion.
Further research: Material needed: Study-specific tablet/capsule, salt, excipients and product identity remain unverified. They are not replaced by combinations, foods or intravenous infusion. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Single C, oral route, salts/excipients, feedstock and manufacture must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Single C, oral route, salts/excipients, feedstock and manufacture is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N12 · How do dosing and follow-up differ between trials?

Current findings: Existing dose information distinguishes early 200/500/1500 mg/day for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days in the independent trial and surgical 1 g for 60 days, from follow-up of 1 year/90 days/24 weeks.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Grouped dose details are not automatically assigned as each report’s full specification. No cumulative amount or duration is newly calculated without original material.
Required materials and conditions: 200/500/1500 mg for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days, surgical 1 g for 60 days and follow-up
Materials to obtain first: Grouped dose details are not automatically assigned as each report’s full specification. No cumulative amount or duration is newly calculated without original material.
Further research: Material needed: Grouped dose details are not automatically assigned as each report’s full specification. No cumulative amount or duration is newly calculated without original material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on 200/500/1500 mg for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days, surgical 1 g for 60 days and follow-up must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 200/500/1500 mg for 50 days, 500 mg for 90 days, surgical 1 g for 60 days and follow-up is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N13 · Are people and wrists distinguished?

Current findings: S01 allocated 123 people/127 wrists and analyzed 115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists versus placebo 63 people/65 wrists.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Wrist events are not converted into person events, and laterality, bilateral involvement, clustering, allocation or exclusion handling is not inferred.
Required materials and conditions: S01:123 people/127 wrists→115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists; placebo 63 people/65 wrists
Materials to obtain first: Wrist events are not converted into person events, and laterality, bilateral involvement, clustering, allocation or exclusion handling is not inferred.
Further research: Material needed: Wrist events are not converted into person events, and laterality, bilateral involvement, clustering, allocation or exclusion handling is not inferred. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on S01:123 people/127 wrists→115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists; placebo 63 people/65 wrists must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on S01:123 people/127 wrists→115 people/119 wrists; C52 people/54 wrists; placebo 63 people/65 wrists is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01

N14 · What are the 1999 events and original risk difference?

Current findings: The original 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists and paper-reported risk difference 15 percentage points(95%CI2–26) are retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Rounding differences in raw proportions are not concealed. Effect direction, models and person-level intervals are not newly inferred or recalculated.
Required materials and conditions: 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists, reported risk difference and original interval
Materials to obtain first: Rounding differences in raw proportions are not concealed. Effect direction, models and person-level intervals are not newly inferred or recalculated.
Further research: Material needed: Rounding differences in raw proportions are not concealed. Effect direction, models and person-level intervals are not newly inferred or recalculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists, reported risk difference and original interval must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 4/54 versus 14/65 wrists, reported risk difference and original interval is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01

N15 · What are the 2007 people, wrist and dose denominators?

Current findings: S02 reports 416 people/427 wrists, C317 people/328 wrists and placebo 99 people/99 wrists. Dose-group wrist denominators 96/114/118 are retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Dose groups are not made into independent trials, and the shared placebo 99 wrists are not repeatedly summed. Clustering and analysis-unit correspondence remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: 416 people/427 wrists; C317 people/328 wrists; placebo 99 people/99 wrists; dose-specific wrists
Materials to obtain first: Dose groups are not made into independent trials, and the shared placebo 99 wrists are not repeatedly summed. Clustering and analysis-unit correspondence remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Dose groups are not made into independent trials, and the shared placebo 99 wrists are not repeatedly summed. Clustering and analysis-unit correspondence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on 416 people/427 wrists; C317 people/328 wrists; placebo 99 people/99 wrists; dose-specific wrists must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 416 people/427 wrists; C317 people/328 wrists; placebo 99 people/99 wrists; dose-specific wrists is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S02

N16 · What are the overall and dose-specific 2007 effects?

Current findings: The original overall 8/328 versus 10/99, P=.002; 200 mg 4/96 RR.41(95%CI.13–1.27), 500 mg 2/114 RR.17(.04–.77) and 1500 mg 2/118 RR.17(.04–.75) are retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: The inclusion of no effect in the 200 mg interval is retained. No conclusion that higher doses are always better, new pooling or new difference is created.
Required materials and conditions: 8/328 versus 10/99, P and 200/500/1500 RR/95%CI
Materials to obtain first: The inclusion of no effect in the 200 mg interval is retained. No conclusion that higher doses are always better, new pooling or new difference is created.
Further research: Material needed: The inclusion of no effect in the 200 mg interval is retained. No conclusion that higher doses are always better, new pooling or new difference is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on 8/328 versus 10/99, P and 200/500/1500 RR/95%CI must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 8/328 versus 10/99, P and 200/500/1500 RR/95%CI is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S02

N17 · Are older RSD/CRPS and Budapest definitions separated?

Current findings: S01’s unverified detailed older RSD/CRPS criteria, S02’s older criteria and S04’s Budapest CRPS remain separate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: They are not combined as the same event diagnosis or relabelled as Budapest criteria. Assessors, masking and misclassification remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Report-specific diagnosis, criteria, assessors and time window
Materials to obtain first: They are not combined as the same event diagnosis or relabelled as Budapest criteria. Assessors, masking and misclassification remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: They are not combined as the same event diagnosis or relabelled as Budapest criteria. Assessors, masking and misclassification remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Report-specific diagnosis, criteria, assessors and time window must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Report-specific diagnosis, criteria, assessors and time window is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N18 · What is the scope of the 2014 analysis and 1-year null finding?

Current findings: S03 retains 336 randomized people and the original finding of no demonstrated 1-year CRPS benefit. CRPS was secondary.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Analysis and event denominators, effects/CI and DASH results are not filled in. A large allocation count is not converted into precise proof of no effect.
Required materials and conditions: 336 randomized, CRPS secondary, 1 year, events/denominators/CI
Materials to obtain first: Analysis and event denominators, effects/CI and DASH results are not filled in. A large allocation count is not converted into precise proof of no effect.
Further research: Material needed: Analysis and event denominators, effects/CI and DASH results are not filled in. A large allocation count is not converted into precise proof of no effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on 336 randomized, CRPS secondary, 1 year, events/denominators/CI must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 336 randomized, CRPS secondary, 1 year, events/denominators/CI is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S03

N19 · Is harm in the 6-week nondisplaced subgroup kept within scope?

Current findings: The increase in CRPS in the 6-week nondisplaced subgroup, P=.022, is retained with the original limit that it is not an overall prespecified primary harm result.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: It is not extended to overall or 1-year harm or definitive causality. Events, denominators, prespecified subgroups, multiplicity and interactions remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: S03 time point, subgroup, prespecification and interaction
Materials to obtain first: It is not extended to overall or 1-year harm or definitive causality. Events, denominators, prespecified subgroups, multiplicity and interactions remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: It is not extended to overall or 1-year harm or definitive causality. Events, denominators, prespecified subgroups, multiplicity and interactions remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on S03 time point, subgroup, prespecification and interaction must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on S03 time point, subgroup, prespecification and interaction is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S03

N20 · What are the initial, completer and group denominators in 2025?

Current findings: S04 reports an initial sample 137→122 completers(C58/placebo 64). Original randomized group denominators remain unverified.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: 137 is not converted into a confirmed randomized count. Reasons for loss, group allocation, missing data and ITT/PP remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Initial137→122 completers, C58/placebo 64, original allocation and losses
Materials to obtain first: 137 is not converted into a confirmed randomized count. Reasons for loss, group allocation, missing data and ITT/PP remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: 137 is not converted into a confirmed randomized count. Reasons for loss, group allocation, missing data and ITT/PP remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Initial137→122 completers, C58/placebo 64, original allocation and losses must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Initial137→122 completers, C58/placebo 64, original allocation and losses is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S04

N21 · Are 2025 events at 12 and 24 weeks retained separately?

Current findings: The original 12-week 0/58 versus 7/64, P=.014; 24-week 0/58 versus 8/64, P=.007 are retained separately.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Events and people at the two times are not summed, and an absence of events is not interpreted as 100% prevention. Between-group 95%CI is unreported/unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Budapest events, the same completer group, each time point and P/CI
Materials to obtain first: Events and people at the two times are not summed, and an absence of events is not interpreted as 100% prevention. Between-group 95%CI is unreported/unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Events and people at the two times are not summed, and an absence of events is not interpreted as 100% prevention. Between-group 95%CI is unreported/unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Budapest events, the same completer group, each time point and P/CI must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Budapest events, the same completer group, each time point and P/CI is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S04

N22 · How far does the 2025 table-denominator typo record extend?

Current findings: The existing English summary for S04 mentions a table-denominator typo.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: The specific table, cell, typo and any official correction are absent from the stored summary. The original table was not read or changed here, and no new denominator is inferred.
Required materials and conditions: Original table, typo location, correction/explanation and result denominator
Materials to obtain first: The specific table, cell, typo and any official correction are absent from the stored summary. The original table was not read or changed here, and no new denominator is inferred.
Further research: Material needed: The specific table, cell, typo and any official correction are absent from the stored summary. The original table was not read or changed here, and no new denominator is inferred. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original table, typo location, correction/explanation and result denominator must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original table, typo location, correction/explanation and result denominator is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S04

N23 · What is the actual scope of trial design, allocation and masking?

Current findings: Original descriptions of double-blind placebo, multicentre dose, independent placebo and multiple-masked surgical designs are retained separately.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Design labels do not verify all allocation, concealment, maintenance of masking or baseline balance. Original methods are unread.
Required materials and conditions: Each RCT, sequence generation/concealment, assessment masking, surgery and baseline balance
Materials to obtain first: Design labels do not verify all allocation, concealment, maintenance of masking or baseline balance. Original methods are unread.
Further research: Material needed: Design labels do not verify all allocation, concealment, maintenance of masking or baseline balance. Original methods are unread. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Each RCT, sequence generation/concealment, assessment masking, surgery and baseline balance must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Each RCT, sequence generation/concealment, assessment masking, surgery and baseline balance is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N24 · Could background treatment, adherence or deviations affect attribution?

Current findings: Conservative treatment, surgery, placebo and standard-care comparisons remain separate.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Immobilization, rehabilitation, analgesia, rescue drugs, adherence, group changes and analytical handling remain unverified. Contribution is not automatically assigned to the single ingredient.
Required materials and conditions: Fracture care, surgery, immobilization/rehabilitation, analgesia, C adherence, rescue and changes
Materials to obtain first: Immobilization, rehabilitation, analgesia, rescue drugs, adherence, group changes and analytical handling remain unverified. Contribution is not automatically assigned to the single ingredient.
Further research: Material needed: Immobilization, rehabilitation, analgesia, rescue drugs, adherence, group changes and analytical handling remain unverified. Contribution is not automatically assigned to the single ingredient. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Fracture care, surgery, immobilization/rehabilitation, analgesia, C adherence, rescue and changes must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Fracture care, surgery, immobilization/rehabilitation, analgesia, C adherence, rescue and changes is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N25 · Are prespecified endpoints, registration and CAAE distinguished?

Current findings: Registration identifiers for 4 stored trial summaries could not be confirmed. S04’s official prespecified primary-endpoint hierarchy is also unverified; the original explanation that CAAE is an ethics-approval identifier is retained.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: CAAE is not promoted to prospective trial registration. Registration and plans are currently unread and access was not attempted.
Required materials and conditions: Official registration/history, protocols/SAP, primary/secondary endpoints and ethics approval
Materials to obtain first: CAAE is not promoted to prospective trial registration. Registration and plans are currently unread and access was not attempted.
Further research: Material needed: CAAE is not promoted to prospective trial registration. Registration and plans are currently unread and access was not attempted. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Official registration/history, protocols/SAP, primary/secondary endpoints and ethics approval must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Official registration/history, protocols/SAP, primary/secondary endpoints and ethics approval is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N26 · How were multiple doses, times, subgroups and outcomes planned?

Current findings: The200/500/1500 doses, S03 subgroup, S04’s12/24 weeks and CRPS/neuropathic pain remain separate.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Prespecified multiplicity, times, subgroups, interactions and selective reporting remain unverified because plans are unread.
Required materials and conditions: Prespecified contrasts, primary/secondary endpoints, multiplicity and all outcomes
Materials to obtain first: Prespecified multiplicity, times, subgroups, interactions and selective reporting remain unverified because plans are unread.
Further research: Material needed: Prespecified multiplicity, times, subgroups, interactions and selective reporting remain unverified because plans are unread. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Prespecified contrasts, primary/secondary endpoints, multiplicity and all outcomes must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified contrasts, primary/secondary endpoints, multiplicity and all outcomes is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S02 S03 S04

N27 · What effects do sparse events and intervals permit?

Current findings: Original early and dose intervals, the unverified surgical between-group CI and inclusion of no effect in the meta-analysis interval are retained together.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Original0 events do not establish guaranteed prevention; no new adjusted RR/CI or power is calculated. Important differences, exact denominators and plans remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original RR/RD/95%CI, absence of events, denominators and important effects
Materials to obtain first: Original0 events do not establish guaranteed prevention; no new adjusted RR/CI or power is calculated. Important differences, exact denominators and plans remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Original0 events do not establish guaranteed prevention; no new adjusted RR/CI or power is calculated. Important differences, exact denominators and plans remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original RR/RD/95%CI, absence of events, denominators and important effects must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original RR/RD/95%CI, absence of events, denominators and important effects is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04 S05

N28 · Are conflicting effects and limits on independence retained together?

Current findings: Early positive findings, the 336-person opposing trial, the 2025 positive report and differences in surgery, diagnosis and dose are retained. S02, with the same investigators, is not newly credited as independent replication.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Report counts are not confirmed as independent replication under the same conditions, and conflicting materials are not removed. S05 is not added as new direct participants.
Required materials and conditions: Early positive findings, S03 opposing result, S04 positive result and formulation/diagnosis/surgery differences
Materials to obtain first: Report counts are not confirmed as independent replication under the same conditions, and conflicting materials are not removed. S05 is not added as new direct participants.
Further research: Material needed: Report counts are not confirmed as independent replication under the same conditions, and conflicting materials are not removed. S05 is not added as new direct participants. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Early positive findings, S03 opposing result, S04 positive result and formulation/diagnosis/surgery differences must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Early positive findings, S03 opposing result, S04 positive result and formulation/diagnosis/surgery differences is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04 S05

N29 · How far are funding, products, employees and conflicts verified?

Current findings: Unverified funding for S01–S03 and S04’s declaration of no external funding/COI are retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: No-support declarations are not extended to no product provision, no employee authors or no bias. The existing independence assessment remains a historical record.
Required materials and conditions: Study funding, product support, employment/patents and disclosures
Materials to obtain first: No-support declarations are not extended to no product provision, no employee authors or no bias. The existing independence assessment remains a historical record.
Further research: Material needed: No-support declarations are not extended to no product provision, no employee authors or no bias. The existing independence assessment remains a historical record. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Study funding, product support, employment/patents and disclosures must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Study funding, product support, employment/patents and disclosures is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N30 · How far can long-term, dose and surgery findings be generalized?

Current findings: Trial-specific dosing 50/90/60 days remains separate from follow-up of 1 year/90 days/24 weeks.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Findings are not extended to always-better higher doses, every operation or fracture, or long-term prevention. Optimal dose and long-term prespecified subgroups remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct doses, follow-up, surgical/conservative treatment and prespecified subgroups
Materials to obtain first: Findings are not extended to always-better higher doses, every operation or fracture, or long-term prevention. Optimal dose and long-term prespecified subgroups remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Findings are not extended to always-better higher doses, every operation or fracture, or long-term prevention. Optimal dose and long-term prespecified subgroups remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct doses, follow-up, surgical/conservative treatment and prespecified subgroups must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct doses, follow-up, surgical/conservative treatment and prespecified subgroups is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N31 · Are pain and function kept separate from CRPS events?

Current findings: S03’s DASH primary/CRPS secondary endpoints and S04’s CRPS/neuropathic pain remain separate. The original explanation that pain reduction differs from fewer diagnosed CRPS events is retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Pain and function are not converted into diagnosed events or guaranteed long-term prevention. No separate quality-of-life or fracture-union benefit is created.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed CRPS, DASH, pain/neuropathic pain boundaries
Materials to obtain first: Pain and function are not converted into diagnosed events or guaranteed long-term prevention. No separate quality-of-life or fracture-union benefit is created.
Further research: Material needed: Pain and function are not converted into diagnosed events or guaranteed long-term prevention. No separate quality-of-life or fracture-union benefit is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Diagnosed CRPS, DASH, pain/neuropathic pain boundaries must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Diagnosed CRPS, DASH, pain/neuropathic pain boundaries is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S03 S04

N32 · How were harms from supplementation collected?

Current findings: Existing safety caution, gastrointestinal discomfort with high oral doses and limited trial-specific event counts are retained.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Group-specific harms, collection, discontinuation, exposure and event denominators remain unverified. Reduced or unchanged CRPS does not establish safety.
Required materials and conditions: Oral C adverse events, events/denominators, collection and discontinuation
Materials to obtain first: Group-specific harms, collection, discontinuation, exposure and event denominators remain unverified. Reduced or unchanged CRPS does not establish safety.
Further research: Material needed: Group-specific harms, collection, discontinuation, exposure and event denominators remain unverified. Reduced or unchanged CRPS does not establish safety. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral C adverse events, events/denominators, collection and discontinuation must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral C adverse events, events/denominators, collection and discontinuation is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N33 · How do fracture/surgery, drugs and baseline susceptibility affect harm attribution?

Current findings: Existing caution about oral use is linked to fracture and surgery conditions.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Specific interactions, harm causality, between-group risk, withdrawal, recovery and re-exposure remain unverified. No new incidence rate or causal judgment is created.
Required materials and conditions: Concomitant treatment/analgesia, surgery/disease, kidney/stone/iron-overload risks, timing and alternatives
Materials to obtain first: Specific interactions, harm causality, between-group risk, withdrawal, recovery and re-exposure remain unverified. No new incidence rate or causal judgment is created.
Further research: Material needed: Specific interactions, harm causality, between-group risk, withdrawal, recovery and re-exposure remain unverified. No new incidence rate or causal judgment is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Concomitant treatment/analgesia, surgery/disease, kidney/stone/iron-overload risks, timing and alternatives must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Concomitant treatment/analgesia, surgery/disease, kidney/stone/iron-overload risks, timing and alternatives is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N34 · What is known about long-term, rare harms and vulnerable groups?

Current findings: Short-term supplementation/follow-up and the existing safety-caution scope are retained.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Limited event counts do not establish an absence of long-term or rare harms or safety for every vulnerable group.
Required materials and conditions: Long-term/rare events and direct exposure in baseline disease or special populations
Materials to obtain first: Limited event counts do not establish an absence of long-term or rare harms or safety for every vulnerable group.
Further research: Material needed: Limited event counts do not establish an absence of long-term or rare harms or safety for every vulnerable group. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term/rare events and direct exposure in baseline disease or special populations must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term/rare events and direct exposure in baseline disease or special populations is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N35 · What do the existing C54, date and bilingual explanations mean?

Current findings: Existing C·54 points, assessment values, historical cross-check records and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. Existing corrections, additional subclaims and deliberation explanations are empty; this does not establish current reading of external original material.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Existing Korean and English stored summary, trial records and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: The stored summary’s information is linked to its unverified scope. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; this does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Existing assessments and historical latest/verified wording are not inherited as current regrading, clinical review, a comprehensive literature search or completed reading of original material.
Required materials and conditions: Existing C54, assessment values, 2026-09-07, bilingual explanations and change history
Materials to obtain first: Existing assessments and historical latest/verified wording are not inherited as current regrading, clinical review, a comprehensive literature search or completed reading of original material.
Further research: Material needed: Existing assessments and historical latest/verified wording are not inherited as current regrading, clinical review, a comprehensive literature search or completed reading of original material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in study-specific populations, diagnosis, people/wrists, analysis populations, prespecified plans, support and harms remain. Conflicting results and sparse events are not converted into guaranteed prevention, an optimal dose, precise proof of no effect or overall safety.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Existing C54, assessment values, 2026-09-07, bilingual explanations and change history must link to the same population, diagnosis, comparison, time point and analysis unit, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Existing C54, assessment values, 2026-09-07, bilingual explanations and change history is needed to connect the selected prevention question to its population, formulation, dosing, comparison, diagnosis, time point, denominator, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: People and wrists, initial samples and completers, surgery and conservative treatment, and older versus Budapest diagnostic criteria remain separate. Work by the same investigators, language versions, time points and reviews are not counted as new independent replication or additional participants; no new effects, intervals, incidence rates, safety conclusions or individual dosing guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, populations and diagnosis, denominators, precision and harms.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04 S05