Supervised Nordic walking with poles × Fall prevention or durable long-term benefit

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhich question does this evidence check cover?Required	This covers the existing subquestion of fall prevention or durable long-term benefit, separately from evaluation of functional training programs.	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment	Material needed: Content review of the question boundary remains incomplete; there is no independent validation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionHow do selected grade D and parent C54 differ?Required	The selected grade is D. The existing record says clinical fall events and durability after training have not been sufficiently established. Parent C54 concerns functional program assessment.	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes	Material needed: Individual score, status and axes are not recorded for the selected question and are not newly created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionWhich Nordic walking program is involved?Required	The parent intervention is supervised Nordic walking with poles. A botanical source is not applicable. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management	Material needed: Report-specific intensity, frequency, delivery, adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and outcome-specific exposure remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionWhich Parkinson disease population does this concern?Required	The parent assessment concerns gait, balance and motor function in mild to moderate Parkinson disease. Falls and post-training durability are separate outcomes. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection	Material needed: Report-specific stage, baseline falls and freezing, medication timing, orthostatic hypotension, eligibility and fall-risk distribution remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionWhat did each active exercise control compare?Required	Parent studies compared several active exercises over the same period. Whole-program effects and the additional contribution of poles are distinguished. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions	Material needed: Matching of intensity, time, supervision and concurrent management, group exposure, and direct fall and durability comparisons remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionDo 6 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months mean post-training durability?Required	Original reports describe training contexts of 40 participants over 6 weeks, 33 over 8 weeks and 90 over 6 months. Training for 6 months is not converted into durability after stopping. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure	Material needed: Exact post-training follow-up, cessation timing, subsequent training, effective denominators and results remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionHow were actual fall events defined?Required	The stored safety account includes fall counts from the 6-month trial. Gait, balance and UPDRS measures are separate from actual falls. R01	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods	Material needed: Definitions and verification of falls and near-falls, associated injuries, recurrent events versus people, and collection methods remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWhat do the 4, 4 and 1 falls mean?Required	The stored safety account records Nordic walking 4 events, ordinary walking 4 and flexibility/relaxation 1. Original event counts and comparisons are retained. R01	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time	Material needed: Recurrence, unique people, group exposure and follow-up denominators, tests and CIs, and incidence rates remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionCan the total 90 participants serve as a fall-analysis denominator?Required	The Reuter report describes a total of 90 participants over 6 months. This total is not copied into group-specific fall or harm denominators. R01	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators	Material needed: Group allocation, exposure, follow-up, observation loss, people with events and endpoint-specific effective denominators remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionWas a direct between-group fall-prevention effect established?Required	The selected record says effects on clinical fall events are insufficiently established. Original 4/4/1 counts alone do not establish prevention. R01	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment	Material needed: Prespecified primary fall endpoints, direct between-group event estimates and intervals, allocation and analysis, baseline risk and tests remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionWhich endpoint and period define durable long-term benefit?Required	The selected question concerns durable long-term benefit and retains the existing explanation that durability after training is insufficiently established. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up	Material needed: Post-training follow-up length, repeated visits, measurement, clinical thresholds, subsequent care and exposure, and effective denominators remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionCan we tell what persisted after training?Required	Parent functional signals concern training programs and active controls. No direct post-training estimate is preserved for the selected question. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time	Material needed: Continued or stopped training, rehabilitation and medication changes, between-group durability estimates, denominators and CIs, and missingness remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionCan UPDRS, gait and balance substitute for fall prevention?Required	Parent UPDRS, DGI, gait and balance signals are functional outcomes. They are not direct effects on clinical fall events. R01 R02 R03	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy	Material needed: Links between functional changes and actual fall reductions, clinical thresholds, events and denominators, and causality remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWhat is the context of the 90-participant, 3-arm, 6-month report?Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified	Reuter 2011 reports 90 participants in 3 arms over 6 months: flexibility/relaxation, walking and Nordic walking. Selected posture, stride and variability signals are distinguished from safety events. R01	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration	Material needed: Prespecification, group denominators, estimates and CIs, and follow-up for falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionWhat was null in the direct ordinary-walking comparison?Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified	Monteiro 2021 compares ordinary walking in a single-blind trial of 33 participants over 8 weeks. UPDRS group-by-time P=.352 showed no superiority; the bibliography separately records 32 completers. R02	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time	Material needed: Group- and endpoint-specific analyses, attrition and missingness, falls and post-training outcomes, and allocation-to-completion correspondence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionDoes the 40-participant, 6-week functional signal directly answer this question?Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified	The Szefler-Derela 2020 standard-rehabilitation comparison of 40 participants over 6 weeks separately records UPDRS-III median reductions of 8.5 versus 6.0, P=.047, and DGI P=.064. R03	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability	Material needed: Selected falls and post-training outcomes, group denominators, direct estimates and CIs, and the full prespecified hierarchy remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionWhat kind of material is the Cugusi 20-participant pilot?Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified	The stored bibliography historically describes verification of several functional signals in a 20-participant treadmill pilot. There is no separate evidence-summary entry. R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals	Material needed: Original design and duration, allocation and analysis denominators, exact effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionAre the same reports linked to several questions?Required	The selected question and parent functional and pole questions share the same stored reports. The 4 linked reports are not added as new independent trials or participants. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap	Material needed: Exact recruitment, registration, related cohorts, overlap, and unique trial, participant and event counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionWere falls and durability prespecified endpoints?Required	The functional account of prespecified UPDRS-III does not certify prespecification of falls or post-training durability. Existing registration wording is unable to verify. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up	Material needed: Prespecified fall and long-term endpoints, planning dates, changes, multiplicity and registration contents remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionWhat do randomization and blinding labels establish?Required	The parent account describes a 3-arm randomized design, single blinding, a standard-rehabilitation control and limitations from lack of blinding. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection	Material needed: Sequence generation and concealment, who was blinded, blinding of fall and durability assessment, and equivalent collection procedures remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionWere falls and follow-up results collected in the same way?Required	The stored summary does not give detailed fall definitions or detection methods. Functional assessment methods are not automatically applied to events or post-training follow-up. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time	Material needed: Active versus spontaneous reporting, verification, group differences in observation and assessment, and post-training measurement remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionAre program participation and added pole benefit the same estimate?Required	The existing explanation distinguishes improvement after participation from added pole benefit over ordinary walking during the same period. Falls and durability also require comparator-specific interpretation. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons	Material needed: The selected target effect, ITT/PP, deviations and exposure, estimation models and baseline adjustment remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about loss of fall and post-training observations?Required	Reported sample sizes describe total samples and periods; the bibliography's 32 completers are separate historical information. No handling of loss or missingness for selected outcomes is given. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment	Material needed: Unreported events, missed follow-up visits, attrition and discontinuation, group adjustments and sensitivity analyses remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionAre CIs and clinical importance known for falls or durability?Required	The selected account retains insufficient establishment. Original event counts or functional P values do not establish precision for selected effects. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators	Material needed: Selected estimates and intervals, clinical thresholds, baseline event risk, time and denominators, and the uncertainty range remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionHow do reports with different populations, controls and durations compare?Required	Functional results from 6 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months with standard rehabilitation, walking, flexibility/relaxation and treadmill controls have different contexts. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints	Material needed: Heterogeneity of fall and durability results, direct population, program and duration differences, and original inclusion and outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionAre positive and null functional results both retained?Required	UPDRS-III P=.047, DGI P=.064 and direct ordinary-walking group-by-time P=.352 are retained separately. They are distinguished from fall and post-training gaps. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes	Material needed: All selected clinical-event and long-term reports, opposing and null findings, and hidden results remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
27	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionAre there differences by frequency, intensity or baseline condition?Required	The stored summary describes supervised programs and limitations involving baseline freezing, orthostatic hypotension and impaired balance. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons	Material needed: Prespecified differences by population, medication effects, frequency and intensity, interactions, and optimal-program material remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
28	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionWhat do original funding, pole support and employee-author records say?Required	Specific Reuter funding is unverified; Monteiro records public funding and pole supply; Szefler-Derela records no external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis together. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles	Material needed: Contracts, product, analysis and publication roles, Cugusi funding and interests, and independence of selected evidence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
29	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N29 · Evidence conditionWhich materials were actually read in this work?Required	The complete stored parent summary links 3 evidence entries and 4 citations to 4 reports. External abstracts, full text and registration were unread and access was not attempted in this work. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration	Material needed: External contents, availability and acquisition, selected detailed results, registration and original tables remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
30	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N30 · Evidence conditionWhat do the original evidence date and historical verification mean?Required	The original evidence date is 2026-09-07 and the correction list is empty. Historical verification and cross-checking accounts are distinguished from current content review. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production	Material needed: Original search end, historical reading locations and times, current external material and correction details remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
31	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N31 · Evidence conditionIs the selected question's Korean and English meaning retained?Required	The existing English question is Fall prevention or durable long-term benefit. Its note means clinical falls and durability after training have not been sufficiently established. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record	Material needed: Detailed external translation comparison, new selected score and status, and content review remain incomplete. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
32	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N32 · Evidence conditionDo parent axes and empty values certify selected evidence?Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified	Parent functional axes and existing false and empty values are preserved in the original. Separate axes or scores are not created for selected D. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields	Material needed: Individual selected axes, score and status are absent; no new GRADE or risk-of-bias assessment or certification was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
33	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N33 · Evidence conditionWhat is reported about sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension?Required	The stored safety account reports sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension in a 6-month context. Fall-prevention effects and harm reports are separate. R01	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison	Material needed: Event-specific groups, people, counts, definitions, severity, baseline conditions and exposure, and incidence rates remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
34	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N34 · Evidence conditionWhat is the timeline of exposure, injury, stopping and recovery?Required	Only the original 6-month report period and event descriptions are retained. Exact event timelines are not provided. R01	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping	Material needed: Onset, during versus outside training, recovery, stopping and re-exposure, and exposure time remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
35	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N35 · Evidence conditionCan comparative risk be stated for reported harms?Required	Falls of 4/4/1 events and other events are retained at their original level. Harm incidence rates, risk ratios and precision are not newly calculated. R01	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates	Material needed: Group counts for other harms, effective denominators, exposure time, recurrent events, comparisons and CIs remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
36	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N36 · Evidence conditionCan baseline conditions and concurrent management be distinguished from events?Required	The existing explanation states that poles alone do not resolve freezing, orthostatic hypotension or impaired balance. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment	Material needed: Baseline risk, group medications and environment, concurrent exposure, causes and adjustment, and alternative explanations remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
37	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N37 · Evidence conditionHow complete are harm reporting and follow-up?Required	Selected event descriptions and completion wording do not establish complete harm disclosure or follow-up. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events	Material needed: Active or spontaneous harm collection, selection and detection differences, missed falls, group losses and complete disclosure remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
38	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N38 · Evidence conditionCan events from the same report be summed as independent harms?Required	Sharing the same original Korean, English and safety accounts across subquestions does not create new independent events. No direct unique-event list is given. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap	Material needed: Cross-report event relationships, recitation, duplicated people and counts, and unique event counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
39	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N39 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about post-training, long-term and vulnerable-population safety?Required	The existing account leaves gaps in falls, injuries and durability. Supervised training from short periods to 6 months is not extended into overall safety. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure	Material needed: Direct information on post-training, long-term and rare harms, high-risk populations, concurrent drugs and interactions remains unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
40	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N40 · Evidence conditionDoes an evidence gap mean no effect or safety?Required	Selected D represents insufficient establishment. Functional signals, null findings and harm counts are retained separately without establishing prevention, durability or safety. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope	Material needed: Direct effects and CIs, denominators, prespecification, post-training follow-up and causality remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
41	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N41 · Evidence conditionDo methodological links mean clinical content review is complete?Required	The 5 preserved methodological materials and conditions are production references. Historical cross-checking or methodological references are not labeled as new completed content review. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status	Material needed: Individual clinical and methodological reassessment and external review were not performed; content review remains incomplete. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
42	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N42 · Evidence conditionWhich materials could update this gap?Required	This public material transfers existing D, gaps and event accounts. Review of existing content remains incomplete. R01 R02 R03 R04	This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.	Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships	Material needed: Direct fall estimates and CIs, group event denominators, post-training follow-up, shared-report relationships and harm material are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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42 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: Parent material concerns mild to moderate Parkinson disease. Populations and effective denominators for selected falls and post-training follow-up remain unverified.
Ingredient, formulation and route: Supervised Nordic walking with poles. Whole-program effects and the contribution of poles are distinguished.
Dose: Intensity, frequency, delivery and adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and selected-outcome exposure remain unverified.
Comparator: Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation and standard rehabilitation are distinguished; they are not pooled as the same control or exposure.
Measured outcome: The selected question concerns actual clinical fall events and durability after training. Existing D and insufficient establishment are retained, separately from UPDRS, DGI, gait and balance function.
Duration: Training contexts of 40 participants over 6 weeks, 33 over 8 weeks and 90 over 6 months are distinguished. Exact post-training follow-up timing, length, denominators and results remain unverified.
Questions outside this scope: Falls of 4/4/1 are original event counts. People, incidence rates, risk ratios, prevention rates and totals are not newly calculated.; Training for 6 weeks, 8 weeks or 6 months is not converted into durability after training.; UPDRS, DGI, gait and balance improvements are not extended into fewer falls or injuries or slower disease progression.; Parent C54, functional-program C and pole-question C are not new certification of selected fall-and-durability D.; Total, allocated and completed samples are not copied into group-event or post-training denominators, and reports are not summed as new independent counts.; Null findings, original events and gaps do not establish exact absence of effect, equivalence, safety or causality; no optimal program or individual-care guidance is newly created.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

R01 · Reuter I et al. 2011

PubMed

Material type: 3-arm flexibility/relaxation, walking and Nordic-walking program and safety context
Materials actually read: The complete stored parent Korean and English accounts, original evidence and citations were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread.
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Selected posture, stride and variability signals over 6 months in 90 participants are distinguished from falls: Nordic walking 4, walking 4, flexibility/relaxation 1 event. Sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension reports are retained.
Record level: This is functional and original safety-event context. Event definitions, people, group denominators and exposure, direct comparisons and CIs, timelines and post-training follow-up remain unverified. Counts alone do not establish prevention, rates or causality.
Study overlap and independent replication: Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Analysis plan and denominators	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Appendices, exposure and harms	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Funding and interests	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.

R02 · Monteiro EP et al. 2021

PubMed

Material type: Functional report directly comparing ordinary walking
Materials actually read: The complete stored parent Korean and English accounts, original evidence and citations were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread.
Findings recorded in the stored summary: In 33 participants over 8 weeks, UPDRS group-by-time P=.352 showed no superiority. The bibliography separately records 32 completers.
Record level: This is a null functional comparison with ordinary walking. Exact scale scope, group analyses and CIs, fall events and post-training results remain unverified. A functional null is not converted into null falls or durability, or equivalence.
Study overlap and independent replication: Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Analysis plan and denominators	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Appendices, exposure and harms	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Funding and interests	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.

R03 · Szefler-Derela J et al. 2020

PubMed

Material type: Functional report with standard-rehabilitation control
Materials actually read: The complete stored parent Korean and English accounts, original evidence and citations were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread.
Findings recorded in the stored summary: In 40 participants over 6 weeks, UPDRS-III median reductions of 8.5 versus 6.0, P=.047, and DGI P=.064 are retained separately.
Record level: A functional primary-endpoint signal is distinguished from null DGI. Neither is transferred into a prespecified primary fall endpoint, prevention or post-training durability; corresponding events, follow-up, denominators and CIs remain unverified.
Study overlap and independent replication: Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Analysis plan and denominators	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Appendices, exposure and harms	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Funding and interests	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.

R04 · Cugusi L et al. 2017

PubMed

Material type: Bibliography summary of a treadmill pilot
Materials actually read: The complete stored parent Korean and English accounts, original evidence and citations were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread.
Findings recorded in the stored summary: The bibliography historically describes verification of several functional signals in a 20-participant treadmill pilot. No separate evidence-summary entry exists.
Record level: Only the bibliography functional summary is retained. Exact duration, allocation and analysis denominators, effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified.
Study overlap and independent replication: Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Analysis plan and denominators	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Appendices, exposure and harms	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.
Funding and interests	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration.

Report counts versus independent study counts

Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · Which question does this evidence check cover?

Required materials and conditions: Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment
Conditions for verification: Original material on Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N02 · How do selected grade D and parent C54 differ?

Required materials and conditions: Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes
Conditions for verification: Original material on Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N03 · Which Nordic walking program is involved?

Required materials and conditions: Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management
Conditions for verification: Original material on Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N04 · Which Parkinson disease population does this concern?

Required materials and conditions: Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection
Conditions for verification: Original material on Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N05 · What did each active exercise control compare?

Required materials and conditions: Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions
Conditions for verification: Original material on Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N06 · Do 6 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months mean post-training durability?

Required materials and conditions: Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure
Conditions for verification: Original material on Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N07 · How were actual fall events defined?

Required materials and conditions: Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods
Conditions for verification: Original material on Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N08 · What do the 4, 4 and 1 falls mean?

Required materials and conditions: Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time
Conditions for verification: Original material on Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N09 · Can the total 90 participants serve as a fall-analysis denominator?

Required materials and conditions: Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators
Conditions for verification: Original material on Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N10 · Was a direct between-group fall-prevention effect established?

Required materials and conditions: Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment
Conditions for verification: Original material on Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N11 · Which endpoint and period define durable long-term benefit?

Required materials and conditions: Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up
Conditions for verification: Original material on Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N12 · Can we tell what persisted after training?

Required materials and conditions: Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time
Conditions for verification: Original material on Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N13 · Can UPDRS, gait and balance substitute for fall prevention?

Required materials and conditions: Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy
Conditions for verification: Original material on Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N14 · What is the context of the 90-participant, 3-arm, 6-month report?

Required materials and conditions: Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration
Conditions for verification: Original material on Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N15 · What was null in the direct ordinary-walking comparison?

Required materials and conditions: 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time
Conditions for verification: Original material on 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N16 · Does the 40-participant, 6-week functional signal directly answer this question?

Required materials and conditions: Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability
Conditions for verification: Original material on Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N17 · What kind of material is the Cugusi 20-participant pilot?

Required materials and conditions: Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals
Conditions for verification: Original material on Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N18 · Are the same reports linked to several questions?

Required materials and conditions: Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap
Conditions for verification: Original material on Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N19 · Were falls and durability prespecified endpoints?

Required materials and conditions: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up
Conditions for verification: Original material on Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N20 · What do randomization and blinding labels establish?

Required materials and conditions: Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection
Conditions for verification: Original material on Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N21 · Were falls and follow-up results collected in the same way?

Required materials and conditions: Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time
Conditions for verification: Original material on Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N22 · Are program participation and added pole benefit the same estimate?

Required materials and conditions: Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons
Conditions for verification: Original material on Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N23 · What is known about loss of fall and post-training observations?

Required materials and conditions: Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment
Conditions for verification: Original material on Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N24 · Are CIs and clinical importance known for falls or durability?

Required materials and conditions: Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators
Conditions for verification: Original material on Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N25 · How do reports with different populations, controls and durations compare?

Required materials and conditions: Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints
Conditions for verification: Original material on Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N26 · Are positive and null functional results both retained?

Required materials and conditions: Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes
Conditions for verification: Original material on Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N27 · Are there differences by frequency, intensity or baseline condition?

Required materials and conditions: Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons
Conditions for verification: Original material on Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N28 · What do original funding, pole support and employee-author records say?

Required materials and conditions: Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles
Conditions for verification: Original material on Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N29 · Which materials were actually read in this work?

Required materials and conditions: Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration
Conditions for verification: Original material on Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N30 · What do the original evidence date and historical verification mean?

Required materials and conditions: Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production
Conditions for verification: Original material on Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N31 · Is the selected question's Korean and English meaning retained?

Required materials and conditions: Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record
Conditions for verification: Original material on Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N32 · Do parent axes and empty values certify selected evidence?

Required materials and conditions: Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields
Conditions for verification: Original material on Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Background versus direct results distinguished; applicability to the selected question unverified
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N33 · What is reported about sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension?

Required materials and conditions: Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison
Conditions for verification: Original material on Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N34 · What is the timeline of exposure, injury, stopping and recovery?

Required materials and conditions: Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping
Conditions for verification: Original material on Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N35 · Can comparative risk be stated for reported harms?

Required materials and conditions: Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates
Conditions for verification: Original material on Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N36 · Can baseline conditions and concurrent management be distinguished from events?

Required materials and conditions: Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment
Conditions for verification: Original material on Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N37 · How complete are harm reporting and follow-up?

Required materials and conditions: Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events
Conditions for verification: Original material on Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N38 · Can events from the same report be summed as independent harms?

Required materials and conditions: Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap
Conditions for verification: Original material on Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N39 · What is known about post-training, long-term and vulnerable-population safety?

Required materials and conditions: Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure
Conditions for verification: Original material on Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N40 · Does an evidence gap mean no effect or safety?

Required materials and conditions: Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope
Conditions for verification: Original material on Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N41 · Do methodological links mean clinical content review is complete?

Required materials and conditions: Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status
Conditions for verification: Original material on Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

N42 · Which materials could update this gap?

Required materials and conditions: Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships
Conditions for verification: Original material on Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-21 · Public page/material version 1.0

Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 42 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-07) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · Which question does this evidence check cover?

Current findings: This covers the existing subquestion of fall prevention or durable long-term benefit, separately from evaluation of functional training programs.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Content review of the question boundary remains incomplete; there is no independent validation.
Required materials and conditions: Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment
Materials to obtain first: Content review of the question boundary remains incomplete; there is no independent validation.
Further research: Material needed: Content review of the question boundary remains incomplete; there is no independent validation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources

N02 · How do selected grade D and parent C54 differ?

Current findings: The selected grade is D. The existing record says clinical fall events and durability after training have not been sufficiently established. Parent C54 concerns functional program assessment.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Individual score, status and axes are not recorded for the selected question and are not newly created.
Required materials and conditions: Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes
Materials to obtain first: Individual score, status and axes are not recorded for the selected question and are not newly created.
Further research: Material needed: Individual score, status and axes are not recorded for the selected question and are not newly created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources

N03 · Which Nordic walking program is involved?

Current findings: The parent intervention is supervised Nordic walking with poles. A botanical source is not applicable.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Report-specific intensity, frequency, delivery, adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and outcome-specific exposure remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management
Materials to obtain first: Report-specific intensity, frequency, delivery, adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and outcome-specific exposure remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Report-specific intensity, frequency, delivery, adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and outcome-specific exposure remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N04 · Which Parkinson disease population does this concern?

Current findings: The parent assessment concerns gait, balance and motor function in mild to moderate Parkinson disease. Falls and post-training durability are separate outcomes.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Report-specific stage, baseline falls and freezing, medication timing, orthostatic hypotension, eligibility and fall-risk distribution remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection
Materials to obtain first: Report-specific stage, baseline falls and freezing, medication timing, orthostatic hypotension, eligibility and fall-risk distribution remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Report-specific stage, baseline falls and freezing, medication timing, orthostatic hypotension, eligibility and fall-risk distribution remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N05 · What did each active exercise control compare?

Current findings: Parent studies compared several active exercises over the same period. Whole-program effects and the additional contribution of poles are distinguished.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Matching of intensity, time, supervision and concurrent management, group exposure, and direct fall and durability comparisons remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions
Materials to obtain first: Matching of intensity, time, supervision and concurrent management, group exposure, and direct fall and durability comparisons remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Matching of intensity, time, supervision and concurrent management, group exposure, and direct fall and durability comparisons remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N06 · Do 6 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months mean post-training durability?

Current findings: Original reports describe training contexts of 40 participants over 6 weeks, 33 over 8 weeks and 90 over 6 months. Training for 6 months is not converted into durability after stopping.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Exact post-training follow-up, cessation timing, subsequent training, effective denominators and results remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure
Materials to obtain first: Exact post-training follow-up, cessation timing, subsequent training, effective denominators and results remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Exact post-training follow-up, cessation timing, subsequent training, effective denominators and results remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N07 · How were actual fall events defined?

Current findings: The stored safety account includes fall counts from the 6-month trial. Gait, balance and UPDRS measures are separate from actual falls.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Definitions and verification of falls and near-falls, associated injuries, recurrent events versus people, and collection methods remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods
Materials to obtain first: Definitions and verification of falls and near-falls, associated injuries, recurrent events versus people, and collection methods remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Definitions and verification of falls and near-falls, associated injuries, recurrent events versus people, and collection methods remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01

N08 · What do the 4, 4 and 1 falls mean?

Current findings: The stored safety account records Nordic walking 4 events, ordinary walking 4 and flexibility/relaxation 1. Original event counts and comparisons are retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Recurrence, unique people, group exposure and follow-up denominators, tests and CIs, and incidence rates remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time
Materials to obtain first: Recurrence, unique people, group exposure and follow-up denominators, tests and CIs, and incidence rates remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Recurrence, unique people, group exposure and follow-up denominators, tests and CIs, and incidence rates remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01

N09 · Can the total 90 participants serve as a fall-analysis denominator?

Current findings: The Reuter report describes a total of 90 participants over 6 months. This total is not copied into group-specific fall or harm denominators.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Group allocation, exposure, follow-up, observation loss, people with events and endpoint-specific effective denominators remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators
Materials to obtain first: Group allocation, exposure, follow-up, observation loss, people with events and endpoint-specific effective denominators remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Group allocation, exposure, follow-up, observation loss, people with events and endpoint-specific effective denominators remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01

N10 · Was a direct between-group fall-prevention effect established?

Current findings: The selected record says effects on clinical fall events are insufficiently established. Original 4/4/1 counts alone do not establish prevention.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Prespecified primary fall endpoints, direct between-group event estimates and intervals, allocation and analysis, baseline risk and tests remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment
Materials to obtain first: Prespecified primary fall endpoints, direct between-group event estimates and intervals, allocation and analysis, baseline risk and tests remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Prespecified primary fall endpoints, direct between-group event estimates and intervals, allocation and analysis, baseline risk and tests remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01

N11 · Which endpoint and period define durable long-term benefit?

Current findings: The selected question concerns durable long-term benefit and retains the existing explanation that durability after training is insufficiently established.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Post-training follow-up length, repeated visits, measurement, clinical thresholds, subsequent care and exposure, and effective denominators remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up
Materials to obtain first: Post-training follow-up length, repeated visits, measurement, clinical thresholds, subsequent care and exposure, and effective denominators remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Post-training follow-up length, repeated visits, measurement, clinical thresholds, subsequent care and exposure, and effective denominators remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N12 · Can we tell what persisted after training?

Current findings: Parent functional signals concern training programs and active controls. No direct post-training estimate is preserved for the selected question.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Continued or stopped training, rehabilitation and medication changes, between-group durability estimates, denominators and CIs, and missingness remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time
Materials to obtain first: Continued or stopped training, rehabilitation and medication changes, between-group durability estimates, denominators and CIs, and missingness remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Continued or stopped training, rehabilitation and medication changes, between-group durability estimates, denominators and CIs, and missingness remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N13 · Can UPDRS, gait and balance substitute for fall prevention?

Current findings: Parent UPDRS, DGI, gait and balance signals are functional outcomes. They are not direct effects on clinical fall events.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Links between functional changes and actual fall reductions, clinical thresholds, events and denominators, and causality remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy
Materials to obtain first: Links between functional changes and actual fall reductions, clinical thresholds, events and denominators, and causality remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Links between functional changes and actual fall reductions, clinical thresholds, events and denominators, and causality remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03

N14 · What is the context of the 90-participant, 3-arm, 6-month report?

Current findings: Reuter 2011 reports 90 participants in 3 arms over 6 months: flexibility/relaxation, walking and Nordic walking. Selected posture, stride and variability signals are distinguished from safety events.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Prespecification, group denominators, estimates and CIs, and follow-up for falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration
Materials to obtain first: Prespecification, group denominators, estimates and CIs, and follow-up for falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Prespecification, group denominators, estimates and CIs, and follow-up for falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01

N15 · What was null in the direct ordinary-walking comparison?

Current findings: Monteiro 2021 compares ordinary walking in a single-blind trial of 33 participants over 8 weeks. UPDRS group-by-time P=.352 showed no superiority; the bibliography separately records 32 completers.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Group- and endpoint-specific analyses, attrition and missingness, falls and post-training outcomes, and allocation-to-completion correspondence remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time
Materials to obtain first: Group- and endpoint-specific analyses, attrition and missingness, falls and post-training outcomes, and allocation-to-completion correspondence remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Group- and endpoint-specific analyses, attrition and missingness, falls and post-training outcomes, and allocation-to-completion correspondence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R02

N16 · Does the 40-participant, 6-week functional signal directly answer this question?

Current findings: The Szefler-Derela 2020 standard-rehabilitation comparison of 40 participants over 6 weeks separately records UPDRS-III median reductions of 8.5 versus 6.0, P=.047, and DGI P=.064.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Selected falls and post-training outcomes, group denominators, direct estimates and CIs, and the full prespecified hierarchy remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability
Materials to obtain first: Selected falls and post-training outcomes, group denominators, direct estimates and CIs, and the full prespecified hierarchy remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Selected falls and post-training outcomes, group denominators, direct estimates and CIs, and the full prespecified hierarchy remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R03

N17 · What kind of material is the Cugusi 20-participant pilot?

Current findings: The stored bibliography historically describes verification of several functional signals in a 20-participant treadmill pilot. There is no separate evidence-summary entry.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Original design and duration, allocation and analysis denominators, exact effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals
Materials to obtain first: Original design and duration, allocation and analysis denominators, exact effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Original design and duration, allocation and analysis denominators, exact effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R04

N18 · Are the same reports linked to several questions?

Current findings: The selected question and parent functional and pole questions share the same stored reports. The 4 linked reports are not added as new independent trials or participants.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Exact recruitment, registration, related cohorts, overlap, and unique trial, participant and event counts remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap
Materials to obtain first: Exact recruitment, registration, related cohorts, overlap, and unique trial, participant and event counts remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Exact recruitment, registration, related cohorts, overlap, and unique trial, participant and event counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N19 · Were falls and durability prespecified endpoints?

Current findings: The functional account of prespecified UPDRS-III does not certify prespecification of falls or post-training durability. Existing registration wording is unable to verify.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Prespecified fall and long-term endpoints, planning dates, changes, multiplicity and registration contents remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up
Materials to obtain first: Prespecified fall and long-term endpoints, planning dates, changes, multiplicity and registration contents remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Prespecified fall and long-term endpoints, planning dates, changes, multiplicity and registration contents remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N20 · What do randomization and blinding labels establish?

Current findings: The parent account describes a 3-arm randomized design, single blinding, a standard-rehabilitation control and limitations from lack of blinding.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Sequence generation and concealment, who was blinded, blinding of fall and durability assessment, and equivalent collection procedures remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection
Materials to obtain first: Sequence generation and concealment, who was blinded, blinding of fall and durability assessment, and equivalent collection procedures remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Sequence generation and concealment, who was blinded, blinding of fall and durability assessment, and equivalent collection procedures remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N21 · Were falls and follow-up results collected in the same way?

Current findings: The stored summary does not give detailed fall definitions or detection methods. Functional assessment methods are not automatically applied to events or post-training follow-up.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Active versus spontaneous reporting, verification, group differences in observation and assessment, and post-training measurement remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time
Materials to obtain first: Active versus spontaneous reporting, verification, group differences in observation and assessment, and post-training measurement remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Active versus spontaneous reporting, verification, group differences in observation and assessment, and post-training measurement remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N22 · Are program participation and added pole benefit the same estimate?

Current findings: The existing explanation distinguishes improvement after participation from added pole benefit over ordinary walking during the same period. Falls and durability also require comparator-specific interpretation.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: The selected target effect, ITT/PP, deviations and exposure, estimation models and baseline adjustment remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons
Materials to obtain first: The selected target effect, ITT/PP, deviations and exposure, estimation models and baseline adjustment remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: The selected target effect, ITT/PP, deviations and exposure, estimation models and baseline adjustment remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N23 · What is known about loss of fall and post-training observations?

Current findings: Reported sample sizes describe total samples and periods; the bibliography's 32 completers are separate historical information. No handling of loss or missingness for selected outcomes is given.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Unreported events, missed follow-up visits, attrition and discontinuation, group adjustments and sensitivity analyses remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment
Materials to obtain first: Unreported events, missed follow-up visits, attrition and discontinuation, group adjustments and sensitivity analyses remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Unreported events, missed follow-up visits, attrition and discontinuation, group adjustments and sensitivity analyses remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N24 · Are CIs and clinical importance known for falls or durability?

Current findings: The selected account retains insufficient establishment. Original event counts or functional P values do not establish precision for selected effects.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Selected estimates and intervals, clinical thresholds, baseline event risk, time and denominators, and the uncertainty range remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators
Materials to obtain first: Selected estimates and intervals, clinical thresholds, baseline event risk, time and denominators, and the uncertainty range remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Selected estimates and intervals, clinical thresholds, baseline event risk, time and denominators, and the uncertainty range remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N25 · How do reports with different populations, controls and durations compare?

Current findings: Functional results from 6 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months with standard rehabilitation, walking, flexibility/relaxation and treadmill controls have different contexts.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Heterogeneity of fall and durability results, direct population, program and duration differences, and original inclusion and outcomes remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints
Materials to obtain first: Heterogeneity of fall and durability results, direct population, program and duration differences, and original inclusion and outcomes remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Heterogeneity of fall and durability results, direct population, program and duration differences, and original inclusion and outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N26 · Are positive and null functional results both retained?

Current findings: UPDRS-III P=.047, DGI P=.064 and direct ordinary-walking group-by-time P=.352 are retained separately. They are distinguished from fall and post-training gaps.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: All selected clinical-event and long-term reports, opposing and null findings, and hidden results remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes
Materials to obtain first: All selected clinical-event and long-term reports, opposing and null findings, and hidden results remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: All selected clinical-event and long-term reports, opposing and null findings, and hidden results remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N27 · Are there differences by frequency, intensity or baseline condition?

Current findings: The stored summary describes supervised programs and limitations involving baseline freezing, orthostatic hypotension and impaired balance.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Prespecified differences by population, medication effects, frequency and intensity, interactions, and optimal-program material remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons
Materials to obtain first: Prespecified differences by population, medication effects, frequency and intensity, interactions, and optimal-program material remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Prespecified differences by population, medication effects, frequency and intensity, interactions, and optimal-program material remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N28 · What do original funding, pole support and employee-author records say?

Current findings: Specific Reuter funding is unverified; Monteiro records public funding and pole supply; Szefler-Derela records no external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis together.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Contracts, product, analysis and publication roles, Cugusi funding and interests, and independence of selected evidence remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles
Materials to obtain first: Contracts, product, analysis and publication roles, Cugusi funding and interests, and independence of selected evidence remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Contracts, product, analysis and publication roles, Cugusi funding and interests, and independence of selected evidence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N29 · Which materials were actually read in this work?

Current findings: The complete stored parent summary links 3 evidence entries and 4 citations to 4 reports. External abstracts, full text and registration were unread and access was not attempted in this work.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: External contents, availability and acquisition, selected detailed results, registration and original tables remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration
Materials to obtain first: External contents, availability and acquisition, selected detailed results, registration and original tables remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: External contents, availability and acquisition, selected detailed results, registration and original tables remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N30 · What do the original evidence date and historical verification mean?

Current findings: The original evidence date is 2026-09-07 and the correction list is empty. Historical verification and cross-checking accounts are distinguished from current content review.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Original search end, historical reading locations and times, current external material and correction details remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production
Materials to obtain first: Original search end, historical reading locations and times, current external material and correction details remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Original search end, historical reading locations and times, current external material and correction details remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N31 · Is the selected question's Korean and English meaning retained?

Current findings: The existing English question is Fall prevention or durable long-term benefit. Its note means clinical falls and durability after training have not been sufficiently established.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Detailed external translation comparison, new selected score and status, and content review remain incomplete.
Required materials and conditions: Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record
Materials to obtain first: Detailed external translation comparison, new selected score and status, and content review remain incomplete.
Further research: Material needed: Detailed external translation comparison, new selected score and status, and content review remain incomplete. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N32 · Do parent axes and empty values certify selected evidence?

Current findings: Parent functional axes and existing false and empty values are preserved in the original. Separate axes or scores are not created for selected D.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Individual selected axes, score and status are absent; no new GRADE or risk-of-bias assessment or certification was performed.
Required materials and conditions: Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields
Materials to obtain first: Individual selected axes, score and status are absent; no new GRADE or risk-of-bias assessment or certification was performed.
Further research: Material needed: Individual selected axes, score and status are absent; no new GRADE or risk-of-bias assessment or certification was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N33 · What is reported about sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension?

Current findings: The stored safety account reports sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension in a 6-month context. Fall-prevention effects and harm reports are separate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Event-specific groups, people, counts, definitions, severity, baseline conditions and exposure, and incidence rates remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison
Materials to obtain first: Event-specific groups, people, counts, definitions, severity, baseline conditions and exposure, and incidence rates remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Event-specific groups, people, counts, definitions, severity, baseline conditions and exposure, and incidence rates remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01

N34 · What is the timeline of exposure, injury, stopping and recovery?

Current findings: Only the original 6-month report period and event descriptions are retained. Exact event timelines are not provided.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Onset, during versus outside training, recovery, stopping and re-exposure, and exposure time remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping
Materials to obtain first: Onset, during versus outside training, recovery, stopping and re-exposure, and exposure time remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Onset, during versus outside training, recovery, stopping and re-exposure, and exposure time remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01

N35 · Can comparative risk be stated for reported harms?

Current findings: Falls of 4/4/1 events and other events are retained at their original level. Harm incidence rates, risk ratios and precision are not newly calculated.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Group counts for other harms, effective denominators, exposure time, recurrent events, comparisons and CIs remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates
Materials to obtain first: Group counts for other harms, effective denominators, exposure time, recurrent events, comparisons and CIs remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Group counts for other harms, effective denominators, exposure time, recurrent events, comparisons and CIs remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01

N36 · Can baseline conditions and concurrent management be distinguished from events?

Current findings: The existing explanation states that poles alone do not resolve freezing, orthostatic hypotension or impaired balance.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Baseline risk, group medications and environment, concurrent exposure, causes and adjustment, and alternative explanations remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment
Materials to obtain first: Baseline risk, group medications and environment, concurrent exposure, causes and adjustment, and alternative explanations remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Baseline risk, group medications and environment, concurrent exposure, causes and adjustment, and alternative explanations remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N37 · How complete are harm reporting and follow-up?

Current findings: Selected event descriptions and completion wording do not establish complete harm disclosure or follow-up.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Active or spontaneous harm collection, selection and detection differences, missed falls, group losses and complete disclosure remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events
Materials to obtain first: Active or spontaneous harm collection, selection and detection differences, missed falls, group losses and complete disclosure remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Active or spontaneous harm collection, selection and detection differences, missed falls, group losses and complete disclosure remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N38 · Can events from the same report be summed as independent harms?

Current findings: Sharing the same original Korean, English and safety accounts across subquestions does not create new independent events. No direct unique-event list is given.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Cross-report event relationships, recitation, duplicated people and counts, and unique event counts remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap
Materials to obtain first: Cross-report event relationships, recitation, duplicated people and counts, and unique event counts remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Cross-report event relationships, recitation, duplicated people and counts, and unique event counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N39 · What is known about post-training, long-term and vulnerable-population safety?

Current findings: The existing account leaves gaps in falls, injuries and durability. Supervised training from short periods to 6 months is not extended into overall safety.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Direct information on post-training, long-term and rare harms, high-risk populations, concurrent drugs and interactions remains unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure
Materials to obtain first: Direct information on post-training, long-term and rare harms, high-risk populations, concurrent drugs and interactions remains unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Direct information on post-training, long-term and rare harms, high-risk populations, concurrent drugs and interactions remains unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N40 · Does an evidence gap mean no effect or safety?

Current findings: Selected D represents insufficient establishment. Functional signals, null findings and harm counts are retained separately without establishing prevention, durability or safety.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Direct effects and CIs, denominators, prespecification, post-training follow-up and causality remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope
Materials to obtain first: Direct effects and CIs, denominators, prespecification, post-training follow-up and causality remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Direct effects and CIs, denominators, prespecification, post-training follow-up and causality remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N41 · Do methodological links mean clinical content review is complete?

Current findings: The 5 preserved methodological materials and conditions are production references. Historical cross-checking or methodological references are not labeled as new completed content review.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Individual clinical and methodological reassessment and external review were not performed; content review remains incomplete.
Required materials and conditions: Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status
Materials to obtain first: Individual clinical and methodological reassessment and external review were not performed; content review remains incomplete.
Further research: Material needed: Individual clinical and methodological reassessment and external review were not performed; content review remains incomplete. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N42 · Which materials could update this gap?

Current findings: This public material transfers existing D, gaps and event accounts. Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence.
Reason for missing information: Direct fall estimates and CIs, group event denominators, post-training follow-up, shared-report relationships and harm material are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships
Materials to obtain first: Direct fall estimates and CIs, group event denominators, post-training follow-up, shared-report relationships and harm material are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Direct fall estimates and CIs, group event denominators, post-training follow-up, shared-report relationships and harm material are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material on Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms.
Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04