# Supervised Nordic walking with poles × Fall prevention or durable long-term benefit Verdict 3014 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-21 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: Parent material concerns mild to moderate Parkinson disease. Populations and effective denominators for selected falls and post-training follow-up remain unverified. - Ingredient, formulation and route: Supervised Nordic walking with poles. Whole-program effects and the contribution of poles are distinguished. - Dose: Intensity, frequency, delivery and adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and selected-outcome exposure remain unverified. - Comparator: Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation and standard rehabilitation are distinguished; they are not pooled as the same control or exposure. - Measured outcome: The selected question concerns actual clinical fall events and durability after training. Existing D and insufficient establishment are retained, separately from UPDRS, DGI, gait and balance function. - Duration: Training contexts of 40 participants over 6 weeks, 33 over 8 weeks and 90 over 6 months are distinguished. Exact post-training follow-up timing, length, denominators and results remain unverified. - Questions outside this scope: Falls of 4/4/1 are original event counts. People, incidence rates, risk ratios, prevention rates and totals are not newly calculated.; Training for 6 weeks, 8 weeks or 6 months is not converted into durability after training.; UPDRS, DGI, gait and balance improvements are not extended into fewer falls or injuries or slower disease progression.; Parent C54, functional-program C and pole-question C are not new certification of selected fall-and-durability D.; Total, allocated and completed samples are not copied into group-event or post-training denominators, and reports are not summed as new independent counts.; Null findings, original events and gaps do not establish exact absence of effect, equivalence, safety or causality; no optimal program or individual-care guidance is newly created. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which question does this evidence check cover? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: This covers the existing subquestion of fall prevention or durable long-term benefit, separately from evaluation of functional training programs. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Content review of the question boundary remains incomplete; there is no independent validation. - Required materials and conditions: Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment - Materials to obtain first: Content review of the question boundary remains incomplete; there is no independent validation. - Further research: Material needed: Content review of the question boundary remains incomplete; there is no independent validation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Fall prevention, post-training durability and the parent functional assessment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: ### N02 · How do selected grade D and parent C54 differ? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selected grade is D. The existing record says clinical fall events and durability after training have not been sufficiently established. Parent C54 concerns functional program assessment. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Individual score, status and axes are not recorded for the selected question and are not newly created. - Required materials and conditions: Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes - Materials to obtain first: Individual score, status and axes are not recorded for the selected question and are not newly created. - Further research: Material needed: Individual score, status and axes are not recorded for the selected question and are not newly created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Question-specific grades and notes; presence of individual score, status and axes is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: ### N03 · Which Nordic walking program is involved? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent intervention is supervised Nordic walking with poles. A botanical source is not applicable. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific intensity, frequency, delivery, adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and outcome-specific exposure remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific intensity, frequency, delivery, adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and outcome-specific exposure remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific intensity, frequency, delivery, adherence, supervision, concurrent rehabilitation and medication, and outcome-specific exposure remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Supervised pole walking, program components, participants and background management is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N04 · Which Parkinson disease population does this concern? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent assessment concerns gait, balance and motor function in mild to moderate Parkinson disease. Falls and post-training durability are separate outcomes. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific stage, baseline falls and freezing, medication timing, orthostatic hypotension, eligibility and fall-risk distribution remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific stage, baseline falls and freezing, medication timing, orthostatic hypotension, eligibility and fall-risk distribution remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific stage, baseline falls and freezing, medication timing, orthostatic hypotension, eligibility and fall-risk distribution remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Severity, baseline falls and gait, medication and participant selection is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N05 · What did each active exercise control compare? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Parent studies compared several active exercises over the same period. Whole-program effects and the additional contribution of poles are distinguished. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Matching of intensity, time, supervision and concurrent management, group exposure, and direct fall and durability comparisons remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions - Materials to obtain first: Matching of intensity, time, supervision and concurrent management, group exposure, and direct fall and durability comparisons remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Matching of intensity, time, supervision and concurrent management, group exposure, and direct fall and durability comparisons remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Ordinary walking, treadmill, flexibility/relaxation, standard rehabilitation and exposure conditions is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N06 · Do 6 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months mean post-training durability? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original reports describe training contexts of 40 participants over 6 weeks, 33 over 8 weeks and 90 over 6 months. Training for 6 months is not converted into durability after stopping. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact post-training follow-up, cessation timing, subsequent training, effective denominators and results remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure - Materials to obtain first: Exact post-training follow-up, cessation timing, subsequent training, effective denominators and results remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Exact post-training follow-up, cessation timing, subsequent training, effective denominators and results remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Training duration, measurement times, post-training follow-up and exposure is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N07 · How were actual fall events defined? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored safety account includes fall counts from the 6-month trial. Gait, balance and UPDRS measures are separate from actual falls. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Definitions and verification of falls and near-falls, associated injuries, recurrent events versus people, and collection methods remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods - Materials to obtain first: Definitions and verification of falls and near-falls, associated injuries, recurrent events versus people, and collection methods remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Definitions and verification of falls and near-falls, associated injuries, recurrent events versus people, and collection methods remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Event definitions, recurrent events versus people, injuries and collection methods is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N08 · What do the 4, 4 and 1 falls mean? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored safety account records Nordic walking 4 events, ordinary walking 4 and flexibility/relaxation 1. Original event counts and comparisons are retained. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Recurrence, unique people, group exposure and follow-up denominators, tests and CIs, and incidence rates remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time - Materials to obtain first: Recurrence, unique people, group exposure and follow-up denominators, tests and CIs, and incidence rates remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Recurrence, unique people, group exposure and follow-up denominators, tests and CIs, and incidence rates remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Group event counts over 6 months, denominators and observation time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N09 · Can the total 90 participants serve as a fall-analysis denominator? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The Reuter report describes a total of 90 participants over 6 months. This total is not copied into group-specific fall or harm denominators. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group allocation, exposure, follow-up, observation loss, people with events and endpoint-specific effective denominators remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators - Materials to obtain first: Group allocation, exposure, follow-up, observation loss, people with events and endpoint-specific effective denominators remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Group allocation, exposure, follow-up, observation loss, people with events and endpoint-specific effective denominators remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Total and group allocation, exposure, follow-up and outcome-specific denominators is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N10 · Was a direct between-group fall-prevention effect established? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selected record says effects on clinical fall events are insufficiently established. Original 4/4/1 counts alone do not establish prevention. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Prespecified primary fall endpoints, direct between-group event estimates and intervals, allocation and analysis, baseline risk and tests remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment - Materials to obtain first: Prespecified primary fall endpoints, direct between-group event estimates and intervals, allocation and analysis, baseline risk and tests remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Prespecified primary fall endpoints, direct between-group event estimates and intervals, allocation and analysis, baseline risk and tests remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified fall endpoint, event comparison, CIs, time and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N11 · Which endpoint and period define durable long-term benefit? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selected question concerns durable long-term benefit and retains the existing explanation that durability after training is insufficiently established. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Post-training follow-up length, repeated visits, measurement, clinical thresholds, subsequent care and exposure, and effective denominators remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up - Materials to obtain first: Post-training follow-up length, repeated visits, measurement, clinical thresholds, subsequent care and exposure, and effective denominators remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Post-training follow-up length, repeated visits, measurement, clinical thresholds, subsequent care and exposure, and effective denominators remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Function, gait and falls after training; valid follow-up is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N12 · Can we tell what persisted after training? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Parent functional signals concern training programs and active controls. No direct post-training estimate is preserved for the selected question. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Continued or stopped training, rehabilitation and medication changes, between-group durability estimates, denominators and CIs, and missingness remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time - Materials to obtain first: Continued or stopped training, rehabilitation and medication changes, between-group durability estimates, denominators and CIs, and missingness remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Continued or stopped training, rehabilitation and medication changes, between-group durability estimates, denominators and CIs, and missingness remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Stopping versus continuing training, subsequent care and between-group effects over time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N13 · Can UPDRS, gait and balance substitute for fall prevention? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Parent UPDRS, DGI, gait and balance signals are functional outcomes. They are not direct effects on clinical fall events. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Links between functional changes and actual fall reductions, clinical thresholds, events and denominators, and causality remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy - Materials to obtain first: Links between functional changes and actual fall reductions, clinical thresholds, events and denominators, and causality remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Links between functional changes and actual fall reductions, clinical thresholds, events and denominators, and causality remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Functional measures, actual fall events and outcome hierarchy is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N14 · What is the context of the 90-participant, 3-arm, 6-month report? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Reuter 2011 reports 90 participants in 3 arms over 6 months: flexibility/relaxation, walking and Nordic walking. Selected posture, stride and variability signals are distinguished from safety events. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Prespecification, group denominators, estimates and CIs, and follow-up for falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration - Materials to obtain first: Prespecification, group denominators, estimates and CIs, and follow-up for falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Prespecification, group denominators, estimates and CIs, and follow-up for falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Reuter program, functional results, safety events and duration is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N15 · What was null in the direct ordinary-walking comparison? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Monteiro 2021 compares ordinary walking in a single-blind trial of 33 participants over 8 weeks. UPDRS group-by-time P=.352 showed no superiority; the bibliography separately records 32 completers. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group- and endpoint-specific analyses, attrition and missingness, falls and post-training outcomes, and allocation-to-completion correspondence remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time - Materials to obtain first: Group- and endpoint-specific analyses, attrition and missingness, falls and post-training outcomes, and allocation-to-completion correspondence remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Group- and endpoint-specific analyses, attrition and missingness, falls and post-training outcomes, and allocation-to-completion correspondence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on 33 participants over 8 weeks, 32-completer record and UPDRS group-by-time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R02 ### N16 · Does the 40-participant, 6-week functional signal directly answer this question? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The Szefler-Derela 2020 standard-rehabilitation comparison of 40 participants over 6 weeks separately records UPDRS-III median reductions of 8.5 versus 6.0, P=.047, and DGI P=.064. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Selected falls and post-training outcomes, group denominators, direct estimates and CIs, and the full prespecified hierarchy remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability - Materials to obtain first: Selected falls and post-training outcomes, group denominators, direct estimates and CIs, and the full prespecified hierarchy remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Selected falls and post-training outcomes, group denominators, direct estimates and CIs, and the full prespecified hierarchy remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Standard rehabilitation, UPDRS-III, DGI, actual falls and durability is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R03 ### N17 · What kind of material is the Cugusi 20-participant pilot? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored bibliography historically describes verification of several functional signals in a 20-participant treadmill pilot. There is no separate evidence-summary entry. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original design and duration, allocation and analysis denominators, exact effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals - Materials to obtain first: Original design and duration, allocation and analysis denominators, exact effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Original design and duration, allocation and analysis denominators, exact effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Treadmill comparison, bibliography summary and scope of functional signals is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R04 ### N18 · Are the same reports linked to several questions? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selected question and parent functional and pole questions share the same stored reports. The 4 linked reports are not added as new independent trials or participants. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact recruitment, registration, related cohorts, overlap, and unique trial, participant and event counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap - Materials to obtain first: Exact recruitment, registration, related cohorts, overlap, and unique trial, participant and event counts remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Exact recruitment, registration, related cohorts, overlap, and unique trial, participant and event counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Selected and parent questions, related reports, registration and overlap is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N19 · Were falls and durability prespecified endpoints? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The functional account of prespecified UPDRS-III does not certify prespecification of falls or post-training durability. Existing registration wording is unable to verify. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Prespecified fall and long-term endpoints, planning dates, changes, multiplicity and registration contents remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up - Materials to obtain first: Prespecified fall and long-term endpoints, planning dates, changes, multiplicity and registration contents remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Prespecified fall and long-term endpoints, planning dates, changes, multiplicity and registration contents remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Registration, protocols, analysis plans and hierarchy of function, falls and follow-up is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N20 · What do randomization and blinding labels establish? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent account describes a 3-arm randomized design, single blinding, a standard-rehabilitation control and limitations from lack of blinding. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Sequence generation and concealment, who was blinded, blinding of fall and durability assessment, and equivalent collection procedures remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection - Materials to obtain first: Sequence generation and concealment, who was blinded, blinding of fall and durability assessment, and equivalent collection procedures remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Sequence generation and concealment, who was blinded, blinding of fall and durability assessment, and equivalent collection procedures remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Allocation, concealment, participants and assessors, and fall collection is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N21 · Were falls and follow-up results collected in the same way? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored summary does not give detailed fall definitions or detection methods. Functional assessment methods are not automatically applied to events or post-training follow-up. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Active versus spontaneous reporting, verification, group differences in observation and assessment, and post-training measurement remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time - Materials to obtain first: Active versus spontaneous reporting, verification, group differences in observation and assessment, and post-training measurement remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Active versus spontaneous reporting, verification, group differences in observation and assessment, and post-training measurement remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Event diaries, contact, verification, assessors and observation time is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N22 · Are program participation and added pole benefit the same estimate? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing explanation distinguishes improvement after participation from added pole benefit over ordinary walking during the same period. Falls and durability also require comparator-specific interpretation. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: The selected target effect, ITT/PP, deviations and exposure, estimation models and baseline adjustment remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons - Materials to obtain first: The selected target effect, ITT/PP, deviations and exposure, estimation models and baseline adjustment remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The selected target effect, ITT/PP, deviations and exposure, estimation models and baseline adjustment remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Allocation effects, adherence, between- versus within-group changes, and pole versus program comparisons is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N23 · What is known about loss of fall and post-training observations? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Reported sample sizes describe total samples and periods; the bibliography's 32 completers are separate historical information. No handling of loss or missingness for selected outcomes is given. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Unreported events, missed follow-up visits, attrition and discontinuation, group adjustments and sensitivity analyses remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment - Materials to obtain first: Unreported events, missed follow-up visits, attrition and discontinuation, group adjustments and sensitivity analyses remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Unreported events, missed follow-up visits, attrition and discontinuation, group adjustments and sensitivity analyses remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Group-, time- and endpoint-specific denominators, attrition, missingness and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N24 · Are CIs and clinical importance known for falls or durability? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selected account retains insufficient establishment. Original event counts or functional P values do not establish precision for selected effects. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Selected estimates and intervals, clinical thresholds, baseline event risk, time and denominators, and the uncertainty range remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Selected estimates and intervals, clinical thresholds, baseline event risk, time and denominators, and the uncertainty range remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Selected estimates and intervals, clinical thresholds, baseline event risk, time and denominators, and the uncertainty range remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct event and follow-up estimates, CIs, clinical importance and denominators is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N25 · How do reports with different populations, controls and durations compare? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Functional results from 6 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months with standard rehabilitation, walking, flexibility/relaxation and treadmill controls have different contexts. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Heterogeneity of fall and durability results, direct population, program and duration differences, and original inclusion and outcomes remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints - Materials to obtain first: Heterogeneity of fall and durability results, direct population, program and duration differences, and original inclusion and outcomes remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Heterogeneity of fall and durability results, direct population, program and duration differences, and original inclusion and outcomes remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Disease stage, baseline falls, programs, controls, duration and endpoints is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N26 · Are positive and null functional results both retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: UPDRS-III P=.047, DGI P=.064 and direct ordinary-walking group-by-time P=.352 are retained separately. They are distinguished from fall and post-training gaps. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: All selected clinical-event and long-term reports, opposing and null findings, and hidden results remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes - Materials to obtain first: All selected clinical-event and long-term reports, opposing and null findings, and hidden results remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: All selected clinical-event and long-term reports, opposing and null findings, and hidden results remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Borderline UPDRS signal, null DGI and walking comparisons, and selected outcomes is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N27 · Are there differences by frequency, intensity or baseline condition? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored summary describes supervised programs and limitations involving baseline freezing, orthostatic hypotension and impaired balance. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Prespecified differences by population, medication effects, frequency and intensity, interactions, and optimal-program material remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons - Materials to obtain first: Prespecified differences by population, medication effects, frequency and intensity, interactions, and optimal-program material remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Prespecified differences by population, medication effects, frequency and intensity, interactions, and optimal-program material remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified subgroups, medication and disease stage, program exposure and direct comparisons is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N28 · What do original funding, pole support and employee-author records say? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Specific Reuter funding is unverified; Monteiro records public funding and pole supply; Szefler-Derela records no external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis together. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Contracts, product, analysis and publication roles, Cugusi funding and interests, and independence of selected evidence remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles - Materials to obtain first: Contracts, product, analysis and publication roles, Cugusi funding and interests, and independence of selected evidence remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Contracts, product, analysis and publication roles, Cugusi funding and interests, and independence of selected evidence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Research funding, product support, interests, and analysis and publication roles is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N29 · Which materials were actually read in this work? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The complete stored parent summary links 3 evidence entries and 4 citations to 4 reports. External abstracts, full text and registration were unread and access was not attempted in this work. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: External contents, availability and acquisition, selected detailed results, registration and original tables remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration - Materials to obtain first: External contents, availability and acquisition, selected detailed results, registration and original tables remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: External contents, availability and acquisition, selected detailed results, registration and original tables remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Complete stored parent summary, selected question, external abstracts, full text and registration is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N30 · What do the original evidence date and historical verification mean? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original evidence date is 2026-09-07 and the correction list is empty. Historical verification and cross-checking accounts are distinguished from current content review. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original search end, historical reading locations and times, current external material and correction details remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production - Materials to obtain first: Original search end, historical reading locations and times, current external material and correction details remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Original search end, historical reading locations and times, current external material and correction details remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original evidence date, correction history, historical verification and current production is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N31 · Is the selected question's Korean and English meaning retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing English question is Fall prevention or durable long-term benefit. Its note means clinical falls and durability after training have not been sufficiently established. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Detailed external translation comparison, new selected score and status, and content review remain incomplete. - Required materials and conditions: Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record - Materials to obtain first: Detailed external translation comparison, new selected score and status, and content review remain incomplete. - Further research: Material needed: Detailed external translation comparison, new selected score and status, and content review remain incomplete. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Existing selected question, grade and note, and parent bilingual record is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N32 · Do parent axes and empty values certify selected evidence? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Parent functional axes and existing false and empty values are preserved in the original. Separate axes or scores are not created for selected D. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Individual selected axes, score and status are absent; no new GRADE or risk-of-bias assessment or certification was performed. - Required materials and conditions: Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields - Materials to obtain first: Individual selected axes, score and status are absent; no new GRADE or risk-of-bias assessment or certification was performed. - Further research: Material needed: Individual selected axes, score and status are absent; no new GRADE or risk-of-bias assessment or certification was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Parent B/P/R1/I2/E+/B2/CX and presence of selected-question fields is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N33 · What is reported about sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored safety account reports sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension in a 6-month context. Fall-prevention effects and harm reports are separate. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Event-specific groups, people, counts, definitions, severity, baseline conditions and exposure, and incidence rates remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison - Materials to obtain first: Event-specific groups, people, counts, definitions, severity, baseline conditions and exposure, and incidence rates remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Event-specific groups, people, counts, definitions, severity, baseline conditions and exposure, and incidence rates remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Event types, collection, severity, program and comparison is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N34 · What is the timeline of exposure, injury, stopping and recovery? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Only the original 6-month report period and event descriptions are retained. Exact event timelines are not provided. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Onset, during versus outside training, recovery, stopping and re-exposure, and exposure time remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping - Materials to obtain first: Onset, during versus outside training, recovery, stopping and re-exposure, and exposure time remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Onset, during versus outside training, recovery, stopping and re-exposure, and exposure time remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Onset and recovery, during versus outside training, exposure, observation and stopping is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N35 · Can comparative risk be stated for reported harms? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Falls of 4/4/1 events and other events are retained at their original level. Harm incidence rates, risk ratios and precision are not newly calculated. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group counts for other harms, effective denominators, exposure time, recurrent events, comparisons and CIs remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates - Materials to obtain first: Group counts for other harms, effective denominators, exposure time, recurrent events, comparisons and CIs remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Group counts for other harms, effective denominators, exposure time, recurrent events, comparisons and CIs remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Group events, people and recurrence, denominators, time and comparative estimates is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N36 · Can baseline conditions and concurrent management be distinguished from events? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing explanation states that poles alone do not resolve freezing, orthostatic hypotension or impaired balance. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Baseline risk, group medications and environment, concurrent exposure, causes and adjustment, and alternative explanations remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment - Materials to obtain first: Baseline risk, group medications and environment, concurrent exposure, causes and adjustment, and alternative explanations remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Baseline risk, group medications and environment, concurrent exposure, causes and adjustment, and alternative explanations remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline disease, medication and concurrent exposure, climate, alternative explanations and adjustment is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N37 · How complete are harm reporting and follow-up? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Selected event descriptions and completion wording do not establish complete harm disclosure or follow-up. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Active or spontaneous harm collection, selection and detection differences, missed falls, group losses and complete disclosure remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events - Materials to obtain first: Active or spontaneous harm collection, selection and detection differences, missed falls, group losses and complete disclosure remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Active or spontaneous harm collection, selection and detection differences, missed falls, group losses and complete disclosure remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Recruitment, detection, omissions, attrition and scope of all events is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N38 · Can events from the same report be summed as independent harms? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Sharing the same original Korean, English and safety accounts across subquestions does not create new independent events. No direct unique-event list is given. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Cross-report event relationships, recitation, duplicated people and counts, and unique event counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap - Materials to obtain first: Cross-report event relationships, recitation, duplicated people and counts, and unique event counts remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Cross-report event relationships, recitation, duplicated people and counts, and unique event counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Unique people and events, related reports, recitation and overlap is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N39 · What is known about post-training, long-term and vulnerable-population safety? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account leaves gaps in falls, injuries and durability. Supervised training from short periods to 6 months is not extended into overall safety. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Direct information on post-training, long-term and rare harms, high-risk populations, concurrent drugs and interactions remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure - Materials to obtain first: Direct information on post-training, long-term and rare harms, high-risk populations, concurrent drugs and interactions remains unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Direct information on post-training, long-term and rare harms, high-risk populations, concurrent drugs and interactions remains unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Duration, rare and long-term events, disease stage, baseline conditions and exposure is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N40 · Does an evidence gap mean no effect or safety? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Selected D represents insufficient establishment. Functional signals, null findings and harm counts are retained separately without establishing prevention, durability or safety. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Direct effects and CIs, denominators, prespecification, post-training follow-up and causality remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope - Materials to obtain first: Direct effects and CIs, denominators, prespecification, post-training follow-up and causality remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Direct effects and CIs, denominators, prespecification, post-training follow-up and causality remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct fall and durability evidence, functional and harm levels, and scope is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N41 · Do methodological links mean clinical content review is complete? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The 5 preserved methodological materials and conditions are production references. Historical cross-checking or methodological references are not labeled as new completed content review. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Individual clinical and methodological reassessment and external review were not performed; content review remains incomplete. - Required materials and conditions: Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status - Materials to obtain first: Individual clinical and methodological reassessment and external review were not performed; content review remains incomplete. - Further research: Material needed: Individual clinical and methodological reassessment and external review were not performed; content review remains incomplete. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Preserved methods, evidence conditions, original summary and review status is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N42 · Which materials could update this gap? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete stored parent Korean and English summary, selected question and bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: This public material transfers existing D, gaps and event accounts. Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the preserved selected and parent accounts. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Direct fall estimates and CIs, group event denominators, post-training follow-up, shared-report relationships and harm material are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships - Materials to obtain first: Direct fall estimates and CIs, group event denominators, post-training follow-up, shared-report relationships and harm material are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Direct fall estimates and CIs, group event denominators, post-training follow-up, shared-report relationships and harm material are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material on Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships must link to the same event definition, population, control, time point and denominators, distinguishing functional measures, time during training, parent context and unread external materials. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Fall definitions, denominators and time, post-training results, plans and report relationships is needed to connect the selected question with actual events, post-training follow-up, population, controls, exposure, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Selected D and absent individual score, status and axes are retained, distinguishing parent C54, separate functional-program C and pole-question C. Functional signals are not converted into fall prevention, training duration into post-training durability, or event counts into people or rates. No new effects, CIs, denominators, totals, grades or individual-care guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Target effects, endpoint-specific denominators, measurement, prespecified hierarchy, bias, externally validated important differences, durability, harms, independence and overlap remain unverified. Original numbers, historical verification narratives and registration identifiers are not promoted into new calculations, completed content review or clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Reuter I et al. 2011 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21603199/) Materials actually read: The complete stored parent Korean and English accounts, original evidence and citations were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: Selected posture, stride and variability signals over 6 months in 90 participants are distinguished from falls: Nordic walking 4, walking 4, flexibility/relaxation 1 event. Sprains, shoulder pain and heat-related hypotension reports are retained. Record level: This is functional and original safety-event context. Event definitions, people, group denominators and exposure, direct comparisons and CIs, timelines and post-training follow-up remain unverified. Counts alone do not establish prevention, rates or causality. Independent replication: Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Analysis plan and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Appendices, exposure and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID21603199 and DOI10.4061/2011/232473 are retained. Academic-study, specific-funding-unverified, multiple-endpoint and unmasked descriptions are original records. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | ### R02 Monteiro EP et al. 2021 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32529596/) Materials actually read: The complete stored parent Korean and English accounts, original evidence and citations were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: In 33 participants over 8 weeks, UPDRS group-by-time P=.352 showed no superiority. The bibliography separately records 32 completers. Record level: This is a null functional comparison with ordinary walking. Exact scale scope, group analyses and CIs, fall events and post-training results remain unverified. A functional null is not converted into null falls or durability, or equivalence. Independent replication: Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Analysis plan and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Appendices, exposure and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32529596 and DOI10.1007/s40520-020-01617-w are retained. Public-funding and supplied-pole narratives are distinguished without promotion into independence certification. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | ### R03 Szefler-Derela J et al. 2020 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32708938/) Materials actually read: The complete stored parent Korean and English accounts, original evidence and citations were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: In 40 participants over 6 weeks, UPDRS-III median reductions of 8.5 versus 6.0, P=.047, and DGI P=.064 are retained separately. Record level: A functional primary-endpoint signal is distinguished from null DGI. Neither is transferred into a prespecified primary fall endpoint, prevention or post-training durability; corresponding events, follow-up, denominators and CIs remain unverified. Independent replication: Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Analysis plan and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Appendices, exposure and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID32708938 and DOI10.3390/medicina56070356 are retained. Both reported absence of external funding and 1 author employed by Novartis are preserved. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | ### R04 Cugusi L et al. 2017 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27798812/) Materials actually read: The complete stored parent Korean and English accounts, original evidence and citations were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: The bibliography historically describes verification of several functional signals in a 20-participant treadmill pilot. No separate evidence-summary entry exists. Record level: Only the bibliography functional summary is retained. Exact duration, allocation and analysis denominators, effects and CIs, and falls and post-training outcomes remain unverified. Independent replication: Parent 3014 and functional-program, added-pole-effect, and fall-and-durability subquestions share reports. The 4 reports and related links are not added as new independent trials, participants or events; unique totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Analysis plan and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Appendices, exposure and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the citation-only pilot with PMID27798812 and DOI10.1007/s40520-016-0648-9. No separate original evidence entry or quantitative effect is created. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date, historically attached even to unread external materials. It is not changed into a new acquisition, access, reading or completed-review date. Unverified registration identifiers are not converted into absence of registration. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-21 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 42 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.