RENEWAL-NAD+ correction explanation

Formulation clarification: LNAD+ is not liposomal NAD+

The LNAD+ tested in RENEWAL-NAD+ is a non-liposomal oral powder: physicochemically modulated NAD+ mixed with PEG, compared with a PEG placebo. It is not direct evidence for liposomal NAD+ products. The study is discussed here as a separate reference, not classified as the same formulation.

D/26 is a retained historical rating of the broader liposomal NAD+ claim, not a current rating of LNAD+ or the RENEWAL study. This September 30, 2026 correction clarifies formulation and evidence role. It does not change the study methods or reported results, nor recalculate the preliminary assessment values below.

Formulation source: the published paper, Introduction and Methods—Study design, randomization, and intervention. The earlier publication-status correction and this formulation correction are recorded separately in the change history.

Publication status corrected; findings and applicability distinguished

RENEWAL-NAD+ has been published in GeroScience. On September 28, 2026, Chamgap updated verdict 422 and removed descriptions of the study as a current preprint or its unpublished status as a current limitation.

This note explains the correction, the reported findings, and the limits of our historical scoring records. It does not establish a new efficacy score or constitute a complete reassessment of the study.

Current verdict · Change history and comparison · Complete text before the September 28 publication-status correction

1. What changed?

The publisher records publication on July 30, 2026, under DOI 10.1007/s11357-026-02399-1. This date is distinct from our previous evidence cutoff of July 17. Updating current publication status does not establish what information was available at the earlier cutoff.

We replaced the preprint description, removed that status as a current limitation, corrected wording that could imply nonsignificance proved no benefit, and distinguished trial-registration dates. The preprint and published paper represent the same trial, not independent studies. The change history preserves the previous wording and explains each change.

2. What does the paper report?

This is a positive blood-marker finding under the trial conditions. The assay measures total NAD, including NAD+ and NADH. The reported percentage is not a 53% improvement in vitality, nor an identical response in every participant.

Source: published paper, Methods—Study design, Primary endpoints and Statistical analyses; Results—Primary endpoints; Fig. 1.

3. Why not equate this with improved vitality?

The measurement and the claim must match. Whole-blood NAD predominantly reflects erythrocytes. The paper itself notes that extending this finding to other tissues requires tissue-specific measurements. Recognizing the blood-marker increase does not make it a direct measurement of muscle or brain mitochondrial function or everyday vitality.

LNAD+ is non-liposomal, so this trial is not treated as direct efficacy evidence for liposomal NAD+ products. Transfer to another formulation would require separate supporting evidence; similar names do not establish equivalence. The short duration and limited power for smaller secondary effects also matter. Failure to establish a clinical benefit is not proof that no benefit exists.

Source: published paper, Introduction; Methods—Primary endpoints; Discussion—Limitations.

4. What about D/26 and any preprint deduction?

D/26 is a retained historical rating, not a newly calculated or newly validated score. The available historical item-level inputs and calculation records do not establish whether, or by how many points, preprint status affected that score.

This is a limitation of our assessment record, not a deficiency of the paper or an obligation placed on its authors. We cannot honestly claim the historical deduction was zero, infer a refund, or present a calculation under newly developed rules as the original calculation.

Publication-status and related wording corrections are complete; reconstruction of the historical calculation is not. Any future numerical reassessment must identify its claim, evidence cutoff, rules and calculations in a new version. See the public score notice and change history.

5. What does the methodological appendix mean?

The methodological appendix separates a preliminary, outcome-specific risk-of-bias assessment from experimental scoring rules. It records answers, supporting locations, uncertainties, disagreements and information that could change judgments.

Risk of bias concerns possible distortion of an estimate; a preliminary high-risk judgment is not proof of actual bias, misconduct or absence of effect. Our numerical conversion is not an official RoB 2 score or a validated universal scale. Reproducible calculations do not, by themselves, validate what a scale measures.

The appendix concerns a narrower blood outcome, not a new score for the broader vitality claim. It neither retrospectively justifies nor replaces D/26. The assessment is AI-assisted and preliminary, not independently reviewed by external experts.

6. What information would clarify remaining questions?

These are not conditions for acknowledging publication, which is already reflected. The paper reports broadly consistent results across analyses; we distinguish that report from directly examining the underlying comparison tables.

• Participant flow: arm-specific dosing, Day 6 observations, exclusions and reasons for all 60 randomized participants. The nine outside the 51-person set should not automatically be assigned one missingness explanation.
• N51/N50 comparison: estimates and confidence intervals, the impact of the post-unblinding exclusion, and any analyses using alternative missing-data assumptions.
• Original statistical analysis plan: dated versions and amendments relative to data access and unblinding. Lack of direct access does not establish that no plan existed.
• Transfer evidence: relevant formulation equivalence, direct product studies, or validated links between the blood marker and the target health outcome.

Public documents or aggregate tables may clarify these questions without disclosing identifiable participant data. Updates would identify the new source, affected judgment, rule, result and date while preserving previous versions.

Sources and scope

Primary sources: the published RENEWAL-NAD+ paper; trial record NCT07336836. The appendix uses the official RoB 2 tool; that tool does not endorse our numerical conversion.

Cutoff for the reported findings and preliminary assessment: September 29, 2026. Formulation clarification updated September 30, 2026. It uses existing checks of the paper and registry. It is not a new systematic search of all liposomal products, participant-level reanalysis or external independent review. Unacquired supplementary tables and analysis-plan documents are identified separately in the appendix.

Preserved versions before the formulation correction

These pages preserve the wording before this formulation clarification. They are historical records, not the current explanation.

• Verdict · Korean
• Verdict · English
• Correction explanation · Korean
• Correction explanation · English
• Methodological appendix · Korean
• Methodological appendix · English