Adjunctive Curcumin for Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms—A Small 4-Trial Effect With Low Certainty

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhich add-on treatment question is covered?Required	The original question concerns improvement of PANSS negative symptoms in schizophrenia with treatment added to antipsychotic medication. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication	Material needed: Stopping or replacing concurrent medication and cure are outside this question. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionAre mixed oral formulations distinguished from the key nano formulation?Required	The pooled evidence includes different oral formulations, including nanocurcumin. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial	Material needed: Product-specific composition, bioavailability, standardization and the mapping of formulations to individual trials remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionTo which trial does 160 mg/day apply?Required	The dose of 160 mg/day belongs to the key nano trial; doses differ across original trials. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials	Material needed: The mixed pooled effect cannot be attributed to a single product at 160 mg/day. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionAre 16 weeks and the durations of the pooled trials distinguished?Required	The key trial lasted 16 weeks, while durations in the pooled evidence differ. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial	Material needed: Exact times for each trial, persistence of effects and changes after stopping remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionWho was included and what medication-stability conditions applied?Required	The population is adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia	Material needed: Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionWas the common treatment underlying curcumin the same?Required	The comparison is curcumin versus placebo added to common antipsychotic medication. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups	Material needed: Details of concurrent drug types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence are missing, preventing a narrower attribution of the additional contribution. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionAre the 4 RCTs in the review distinguished from participant totals?Required	The review size is recorded as 4 RCTs. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators	Material needed: The total review population and endpoint-specific analysis denominators are not recorded. The number 4 is not used as a participant count. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWhich denominator does the key trial count of 56 people represent?Required	The key nano trial is recorded as 56 people with 1:1 allocation. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts	Material needed: The exact roles of allocation, analysis and completion denominators and the group counts remain separately unverified. Group counts are not calculated from 1:1. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionAre the review and key trial kept from being counted twice?Required	The pooled-evidence report and the key original-trial report are both retained. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper	Material needed: Whether the key trial was included and the overlapping trial-family mapping remain unverified. The 2 reports are not counted as 2 unique trials or 5 trials. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionWhat is the pooled effect for negative symptoms?Required	The retained value is SMD −0.37, 95% CI −0.70~−0.03. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome	Material needed: Weighting methods, calculation of effect direction, original trial-level data and conversion to other PANSS domains remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionAre the small pooled signal and low certainty retained together?Required	The retained record describes a small pooled effect on negative symptoms with low certainty of evidence. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation	Material needed: The borderline statistical signal is not changed into a large clinical effect or high certainty. No additional precision assessment has been performed. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionIs P=.05 in the key trial an effect size?Required	The key trial is recorded as a between-group PANSS negative comparison at 16 weeks with P=.05. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI	Material needed: The exact between-group effect size and 95% CI remain unverified. An effect or CI is not calculated from P. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionHow was PANSS negative measured?Required	The selected endpoint is change in the PANSS negative subscale. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility	Material needed: Assessor training, agreement, measurement methods at each timepoint and details of measurement bias remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWere negative symptoms the prespecified principal endpoint?Required	The retained verdict addresses negative symptoms only. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan	Material needed: Original registration, protocol and SAP were not read during this work, leaving the prespecified endpoint hierarchy and any changes unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionAre the randomization procedures of the key trial known?Required	The key paper is recorded as a randomized double-blind placebo-add-on trial. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation	Material needed: Random sequence, allocation concealment, implementation responsibilities and baseline imbalance data remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionWas blinding maintained?Required	The reported design is described as double blind and placebo controlled. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability	Material needed: Placebo appearance, taste, smell, blinding success and possible allocation inference from medication adverse effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionWhat were the effect of interest and analysis population?Required	The retained outcome measures are PANSS negative change and a pooled SMD. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model	Material needed: Distinction between assignment and adherence effects, use of ITT, baseline adjustment, model and covariates remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionWho was lost and how were missing data handled?Required	Only the key trial size of 56 people remains in the current summary. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling	Material needed: Actual endpoint-specific analysis/completion denominators, withdrawal reasons and imputation methods remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionAre negative and positive symptom results kept separate?Required	The retained record distinguishes a small negative-symptom improvement from a nonsignificant positive-symptom result. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain	Material needed: This is not extended to positive-symptom improvement; exact domain-specific effects and CIs remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionIs the total-score result also retained?Required	The total score was not significant, and the retained record separates it from the negative-symptom question. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results	Material needed: The negative-subscale signal is not transferred to overall PANSS improvement. The original total-score estimate remains unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionIs extension to cognition, inflammatory markers or cure avoided?Required	Cognitive improvement, cure and improvement across all domains are excluded as advertising extensions, while inflammatory markers are separate. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims	Material needed: Direct effects on mechanisms, cognition and cure have not been verified in this table. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionDoes a statistical change represent an important symptom difference?Required	The retained record interprets the result as a small negative-symptom signal. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life	Material needed: Criteria for a clinically important difference and links to patient-important outcomes such as function, quality of life and hospitalization remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionHow heterogeneous were trial formulations and conditions?Required	Differences in formulation and dose are explicitly recorded as limitations. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial	Material needed: Original trial-level effects, heterogeneity measures, influence analyses and separate formulation-specific effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionHas independent replication been newly certified?Required	The original grade rationale mentions independent replication but also small scale and low certainty. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication	Material needed: This is the history of the retained verdict. Current unique-trial counts, independent-team counts and replication of the same product are not established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionCan an optimal dose, subgroup or durable effect be stated?Required	Only the key dose of 160 mg/day and key duration of 16 weeks are specified. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up	Material needed: Optimal dose, dose response, medication-specific subgroups and long-term persistence remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionDo the review and original trial have the same funders?Required	The review is recorded as noncommercial investigators with mixed funding among included trials, and the key trial as university research. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material	Material needed: University/noncommercial descriptions do not exclude commercial involvement, and funding details remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
27	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionAre product support, employee authors and conflicts distinguished?Required	The retained funding summary has no detailed mapping across these categories. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding	Material needed: Product support, employee authorship, individual conflicts and funding for each included trial remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
28	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionHow far does the short-term adverse-event comparison extend?Supplementary	The retained safety description says short-term adverse events were similar to placebo. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data	Material needed: Without event types, affected-person counts, denominators, exact risk differences and collection methods, no difference in harms or overall safety is established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
29	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N29 · Evidence conditionAre interactions with antipsychotic medication established?Supplementary	The retained record says metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary interactions are not sufficiently established. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures	Material needed: Direct medication-specific interaction data, temporal ordering of events, other causes and denominators remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
30	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N30 · Evidence conditionWhat limits apply to long-term safety?Supplementary	Long-term safety has not been sufficiently established. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss	Material needed: The key 16-week trial and short-term summary are not extended to long-term safety or safety in all populations. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
31	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N31 · Evidence conditionAre the English placeholder correction and current material distinguished?Required	A correction record for English evidence-table placeholders dated 2026-09-14 is retained. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Retained Korean/English values and the correction event	Material needed: The presence of generic English evidence wording is not promoted to verification of the original English paper. Comparison of the corrected material with original sources remains incomplete. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
32	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N32 · Evidence conditionWere the existing grade, axes and verdict date retained?Required	The original verdict is C50 with Caution, and the original record date is 2026-09-08. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date	Material needed: No new efficacy grade, score, official assessment or independent clinical certification is produced. The verdict date is not the end date of a current search. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
33	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N33 · Evidence conditionWhat was actually read and what remains unread?Required	Preparation used the full stored Korean/English summary, axes, 2 reports and 2 citations. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material	Material needed: A PubMed URL does not establish external abstract/full-text reading. Registration, protocol, SAP and the search-end scope remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
34	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N34 · Evidence conditionAre registration identifiers linked to the actual trials?Required	Registration status is recorded as unverified in both retained evidence reports. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial	Material needed: Unverified registration is not changed into absence of registration. Review registration and original RCT registration are also distinguished. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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34 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-08
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
Population: The retained population is adults with chronic schizophrenia continuing stable antipsychotic medication. Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified.
Ingredient, formulation and route: This is mixed pooled evidence for different oral-curcumin formulations, including nanocurcumin. Product composition, active amount, nanotechnology, bioavailability, standardization and formulation-to-trial mapping remain unverified.
Dose: 160 mg/day is the dose in the key nano trial; doses vary across original trials. The mixed pooled effect is not relabeled as the effect of this single dose or product.
Comparator: The comparison is curcumin versus placebo added to common antipsychotic treatment. Medication types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence details remain unverified; this is not interpreted as a comparison of stopping or replacing antipsychotics.
Measured outcome: The selected question concerns change in the PANSS negative subscale. The pooled SMD remains distinct from the representative trial result; positive symptoms, total scores, cognition, inflammatory markers, function and cure remain separate. Prespecified endpoint hierarchy and assessment details remain unverified.
Duration: The key nano trial lasts 16 weeks, while durations vary across pooled trials. Exact trial-specific timepoints, sustained effects, changes after stopping and long-term safety remain unverified.
Questions outside this scope: Mixed oral pooled evidence is not relabeled as the same effect for generic turmeric, a single nano product or other formulations/routes.; A pooled negative-symptom signal is not extended to effects on PANSS positive symptoms, total scores, cognition, inflammatory markers, function or cure.; Antipsychotic add-on therapy is not relabeled as monotherapy, medication replacement or support for stopping standard treatment.; Nonsignificant other-symptom results and short-term adverse-event wording are not relabeled as complete ineffectiveness, equivalence or overall safety.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

R01 · 2026 · Meta-analysis of 4 adjunctive-curcumin RCTs

PubMed

Material type: Stored summary of a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs; detailed included-trial, analysis and certainty-assessment information remains unverified
Materials actually read: Stored meta-analysis review summary read; external paper, included trials, registration and planning material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: SMD −0.37, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.03; low certainty of evidence
Record level: This is the original record of a small pooled negative-symptom signal with low certainty. Original trial effects, weighting, heterogeneity and an important-difference threshold remain unverified; SMD is not converted to PANSS points.
Study overlap and independent replication: The stored meta-analysis remains distinct from the representative nano trial. Inclusion/overlap between the 4-RCT synthesis and the 56-person representative trial remains unverified; unique trials, independent teams and participant totals are not newly added or certified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Existing stored summary acquired	Stored summary	Stored summary read	This is the stored meta-analysis summary actually read. The reported scope of 4 RCTs remains distinct from actual reading of original trial material. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
External paper and abstract link	Original bibliography link only; external content unread	Unread; no access attempt	Unread	The original PubMed citation URL is linked. External page, abstract, full text and included trials remain unread. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
External full paper	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; no access attempt	Unread	Original bibliography: Gallo Ruelas M et al. Psychiatr Q. 2026;97:463-482. PMID: 41108513. DOI: 10.1007/s11126-025-10205-y. Bibliographic identifiers alone do not establish full-text acquisition, download or reading. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
Registration material	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; no access attempt	Unread	Registration identifiers, URLs, contents and change histories for the review and included RCTs remain unverified. Unverified is not relabeled as unregistered. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
Protocol and analysis plan	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; no access attempt	Unread	Review search methods, included trials, analysis plans, original effect tables, heterogeneity and certainty-assessment methods remain unread. Existence, public availability and acquisition of separate material also remain unverified. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.

R02 · 2021 · 56-person trial of nanocurcumin added to antipsychotics

PubMed

Material type: Stored summary of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled add-on trial; actual procedures, endpoint assessment, analysis denominators and detailed effect estimates remain unverified
Materials actually read: Stored representative-trial review summary read; external paper, abstract, full text, registration and planning material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Between-group P=.05 at 16 weeks; exact effect size and 95% CI unverified
Record level: This is the significance-value notation for the retained PANSS negative-symptom result. Exact between-group effects, original confidence intervals and analysis denominators remain unverified; effects or intervals are not newly calculated from P.
Study overlap and independent replication: The stored meta-analysis remains distinct from the representative nano trial. Inclusion/overlap between the 4-RCT synthesis and the 56-person representative trial remains unverified; unique trials, independent teams and participant totals are not newly added or certified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Existing stored summary acquired	Stored summary	Stored summary read	This is the stored trial summary actually read. 56 people and 1:1 are not calculated or copied into actual group, analysis, completion or harm denominators. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
External paper and abstract link	Original bibliography link only; external content unread	Unread; no access attempt	Unread	The original PubMed citation URL is linked. External page, abstract and full text remain unread. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
External full paper	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; no access attempt	Unread	Original bibliography: Hosseininasab M et al. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021;41:25-30. PMID: 33347019. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001324. Bibliographic identifiers remain distinct from actual original-source reading. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
Registration material	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; no access attempt	Unread	Original-trial registration identifier, URL, contents and mapping to prespecified plans remain unverified. Unread registration is not relabeled as absence of registration. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.
Protocol and analysis plan	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; no access attempt	Unread	Plans and details for allocation, blinding, prespecified endpoints, analysis denominators, missingness and original result tables remain unread. Existence, public availability and acquisition of separate material also remain unverified. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The stored meta-analysis remains distinct from the representative nano trial. Inclusion/overlap between the 4-RCT synthesis and the 56-person representative trial remains unverified; unique trials, independent teams and participant totals are not newly added or certified.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · Which add-on treatment question is covered?

Required materials and conditions: PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication
Conditions for verification: Original records on PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N02 · Are mixed oral formulations distinguished from the key nano formulation?

Required materials and conditions: Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial
Conditions for verification: Original records on Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N03 · To which trial does 160 mg/day apply?

Required materials and conditions: Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials
Conditions for verification: Original records on Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N04 · Are 16 weeks and the durations of the pooled trials distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial
Conditions for verification: Original records on Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N05 · Who was included and what medication-stability conditions applied?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia
Conditions for verification: Original records on Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N06 · Was the common treatment underlying curcumin the same?

Required materials and conditions: Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups
Conditions for verification: Original records on Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N07 · Are the 4 RCTs in the review distinguished from participant totals?

Required materials and conditions: Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N08 · Which denominator does the key trial count of 56 people represent?

Required materials and conditions: Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts
Conditions for verification: Original records on Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N09 · Are the review and key trial kept from being counted twice?

Required materials and conditions: Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper
Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N10 · What is the pooled effect for negative symptoms?

Required materials and conditions: Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome
Conditions for verification: Original records on Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N11 · Are the small pooled signal and low certainty retained together?

Required materials and conditions: Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation
Conditions for verification: Original records on Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N12 · Is P=.05 in the key trial an effect size?

Required materials and conditions: Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI
Conditions for verification: Original records on Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N13 · How was PANSS negative measured?

Required materials and conditions: Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility
Conditions for verification: Original records on Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N14 · Were negative symptoms the prespecified principal endpoint?

Required materials and conditions: Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N15 · Are the randomization procedures of the key trial known?

Required materials and conditions: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation
Conditions for verification: Original records on Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N16 · Was blinding maintained?

Required materials and conditions: Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability
Conditions for verification: Original records on Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N17 · What were the effect of interest and analysis population?

Required materials and conditions: ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model
Conditions for verification: Original records on ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N18 · Who was lost and how were missing data handled?

Required materials and conditions: Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling
Conditions for verification: Original records on Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N19 · Are negative and positive symptom results kept separate?

Required materials and conditions: Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain
Conditions for verification: Original records on Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N20 · Is the total-score result also retained?

Required materials and conditions: Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results
Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N21 · Is extension to cognition, inflammatory markers or cure avoided?

Required materials and conditions: Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims
Conditions for verification: Original records on Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N22 · Does a statistical change represent an important symptom difference?

Required materials and conditions: Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life
Conditions for verification: Original records on Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N23 · How heterogeneous were trial formulations and conditions?

Required materials and conditions: Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial
Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N24 · Has independent replication been newly certified?

Required materials and conditions: Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication
Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N25 · Can an optimal dose, subgroup or durable effect be stated?

Required materials and conditions: Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up
Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N26 · Do the review and original trial have the same funders?

Required materials and conditions: Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material
Conditions for verification: Original records on Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N27 · Are product support, employee authors and conflicts distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding
Conditions for verification: Original records on Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N28 · How far does the short-term adverse-event comparison extend?

Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N29 · Are interactions with antipsychotic medication established?

Required materials and conditions: Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures
Conditions for verification: Original records on Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N30 · What limits apply to long-term safety?

Required materials and conditions: Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss
Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N31 · Are the English placeholder correction and current material distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Retained Korean/English values and the correction event
Conditions for verification: Original records on Retained Korean/English values and the correction event must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Retained Korean/English values and the correction event is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N32 · Were the existing grade, axes and verdict date retained?

Required materials and conditions: Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date
Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N33 · What was actually read and what remains unread?

Required materials and conditions: Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material
Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

N34 · Are registration identifiers linked to the actual trials?

Required materials and conditions: Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial
Conditions for verification: Original records on Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-25 · Public page/material version 1.0

The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 34 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-08) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · Which add-on treatment question is covered?

Current findings: The original question concerns improvement of PANSS negative symptoms in schizophrenia with treatment added to antipsychotic medication.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Stopping or replacing concurrent medication and cure are outside this question.
Required materials and conditions: PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication
Materials to obtain first: Stopping or replacing concurrent medication and cure are outside this question. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Stopping or replacing concurrent medication and cure are outside this question. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N02 · Are mixed oral formulations distinguished from the key nano formulation?

Current findings: The pooled evidence includes different oral formulations, including nanocurcumin.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Product-specific composition, bioavailability, standardization and the mapping of formulations to individual trials remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial
Materials to obtain first: Product-specific composition, bioavailability, standardization and the mapping of formulations to individual trials remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Product-specific composition, bioavailability, standardization and the mapping of formulations to individual trials remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N03 · To which trial does 160 mg/day apply?

Current findings: The dose of 160 mg/day belongs to the key nano trial; doses differ across original trials.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: The mixed pooled effect cannot be attributed to a single product at 160 mg/day.
Required materials and conditions: Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials
Materials to obtain first: The mixed pooled effect cannot be attributed to a single product at 160 mg/day. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: The mixed pooled effect cannot be attributed to a single product at 160 mg/day. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N04 · Are 16 weeks and the durations of the pooled trials distinguished?

Current findings: The key trial lasted 16 weeks, while durations in the pooled evidence differ.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Exact times for each trial, persistence of effects and changes after stopping remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial
Materials to obtain first: Exact times for each trial, persistence of effects and changes after stopping remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Exact times for each trial, persistence of effects and changes after stopping remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N05 · Who was included and what medication-stability conditions applied?

Current findings: The population is adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia
Materials to obtain first: Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N06 · Was the common treatment underlying curcumin the same?

Current findings: The comparison is curcumin versus placebo added to common antipsychotic medication.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Details of concurrent drug types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence are missing, preventing a narrower attribution of the additional contribution.
Required materials and conditions: Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups
Materials to obtain first: Details of concurrent drug types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence are missing, preventing a narrower attribution of the additional contribution. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Details of concurrent drug types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence are missing, preventing a narrower attribution of the additional contribution. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N07 · Are the 4 RCTs in the review distinguished from participant totals?

Current findings: The review size is recorded as 4 RCTs.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: The total review population and endpoint-specific analysis denominators are not recorded. The number 4 is not used as a participant count.
Required materials and conditions: Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators
Materials to obtain first: The total review population and endpoint-specific analysis denominators are not recorded. The number 4 is not used as a participant count. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: The total review population and endpoint-specific analysis denominators are not recorded. The number 4 is not used as a participant count. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N08 · Which denominator does the key trial count of 56 people represent?

Current findings: The key nano trial is recorded as 56 people with 1:1 allocation.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: The exact roles of allocation, analysis and completion denominators and the group counts remain separately unverified. Group counts are not calculated from 1:1.
Required materials and conditions: Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts
Materials to obtain first: The exact roles of allocation, analysis and completion denominators and the group counts remain separately unverified. Group counts are not calculated from 1:1. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: The exact roles of allocation, analysis and completion denominators and the group counts remain separately unverified. Group counts are not calculated from 1:1. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N09 · Are the review and key trial kept from being counted twice?

Current findings: The pooled-evidence report and the key original-trial report are both retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Whether the key trial was included and the overlapping trial-family mapping remain unverified. The 2 reports are not counted as 2 unique trials or 5 trials.
Required materials and conditions: Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper
Materials to obtain first: Whether the key trial was included and the overlapping trial-family mapping remain unverified. The 2 reports are not counted as 2 unique trials or 5 trials. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Whether the key trial was included and the overlapping trial-family mapping remain unverified. The 2 reports are not counted as 2 unique trials or 5 trials. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N10 · What is the pooled effect for negative symptoms?

Current findings: The retained value is SMD −0.37, 95% CI −0.70~−0.03.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Weighting methods, calculation of effect direction, original trial-level data and conversion to other PANSS domains remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome
Materials to obtain first: Weighting methods, calculation of effect direction, original trial-level data and conversion to other PANSS domains remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Weighting methods, calculation of effect direction, original trial-level data and conversion to other PANSS domains remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N11 · Are the small pooled signal and low certainty retained together?

Current findings: The retained record describes a small pooled effect on negative symptoms with low certainty of evidence.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: The borderline statistical signal is not changed into a large clinical effect or high certainty. No additional precision assessment has been performed.
Required materials and conditions: Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation
Materials to obtain first: The borderline statistical signal is not changed into a large clinical effect or high certainty. No additional precision assessment has been performed. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: The borderline statistical signal is not changed into a large clinical effect or high certainty. No additional precision assessment has been performed. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N12 · Is P=.05 in the key trial an effect size?

Current findings: The key trial is recorded as a between-group PANSS negative comparison at 16 weeks with P=.05.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: The exact between-group effect size and 95% CI remain unverified. An effect or CI is not calculated from P.
Required materials and conditions: Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI
Materials to obtain first: The exact between-group effect size and 95% CI remain unverified. An effect or CI is not calculated from P. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: The exact between-group effect size and 95% CI remain unverified. An effect or CI is not calculated from P. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N13 · How was PANSS negative measured?

Current findings: The selected endpoint is change in the PANSS negative subscale.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Assessor training, agreement, measurement methods at each timepoint and details of measurement bias remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility
Materials to obtain first: Assessor training, agreement, measurement methods at each timepoint and details of measurement bias remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Assessor training, agreement, measurement methods at each timepoint and details of measurement bias remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N14 · Were negative symptoms the prespecified principal endpoint?

Current findings: The retained verdict addresses negative symptoms only.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original registration, protocol and SAP were not read during this work, leaving the prespecified endpoint hierarchy and any changes unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan
Materials to obtain first: Original registration, protocol and SAP were not read during this work, leaving the prespecified endpoint hierarchy and any changes unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Original registration, protocol and SAP were not read during this work, leaving the prespecified endpoint hierarchy and any changes unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N15 · Are the randomization procedures of the key trial known?

Current findings: The key paper is recorded as a randomized double-blind placebo-add-on trial.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Random sequence, allocation concealment, implementation responsibilities and baseline imbalance data remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation
Materials to obtain first: Random sequence, allocation concealment, implementation responsibilities and baseline imbalance data remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Random sequence, allocation concealment, implementation responsibilities and baseline imbalance data remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N16 · Was blinding maintained?

Current findings: The reported design is described as double blind and placebo controlled.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Placebo appearance, taste, smell, blinding success and possible allocation inference from medication adverse effects remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability
Materials to obtain first: Placebo appearance, taste, smell, blinding success and possible allocation inference from medication adverse effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Placebo appearance, taste, smell, blinding success and possible allocation inference from medication adverse effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N17 · What were the effect of interest and analysis population?

Current findings: The retained outcome measures are PANSS negative change and a pooled SMD.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Distinction between assignment and adherence effects, use of ITT, baseline adjustment, model and covariates remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model
Materials to obtain first: Distinction between assignment and adherence effects, use of ITT, baseline adjustment, model and covariates remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Distinction between assignment and adherence effects, use of ITT, baseline adjustment, model and covariates remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N18 · Who was lost and how were missing data handled?

Current findings: Only the key trial size of 56 people remains in the current summary.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Actual endpoint-specific analysis/completion denominators, withdrawal reasons and imputation methods remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling
Materials to obtain first: Actual endpoint-specific analysis/completion denominators, withdrawal reasons and imputation methods remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Actual endpoint-specific analysis/completion denominators, withdrawal reasons and imputation methods remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N19 · Are negative and positive symptom results kept separate?

Current findings: The retained record distinguishes a small negative-symptom improvement from a nonsignificant positive-symptom result.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: This is not extended to positive-symptom improvement; exact domain-specific effects and CIs remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain
Materials to obtain first: This is not extended to positive-symptom improvement; exact domain-specific effects and CIs remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: This is not extended to positive-symptom improvement; exact domain-specific effects and CIs remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N20 · Is the total-score result also retained?

Current findings: The total score was not significant, and the retained record separates it from the negative-symptom question.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: The negative-subscale signal is not transferred to overall PANSS improvement. The original total-score estimate remains unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results
Materials to obtain first: The negative-subscale signal is not transferred to overall PANSS improvement. The original total-score estimate remains unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: The negative-subscale signal is not transferred to overall PANSS improvement. The original total-score estimate remains unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N21 · Is extension to cognition, inflammatory markers or cure avoided?

Current findings: Cognitive improvement, cure and improvement across all domains are excluded as advertising extensions, while inflammatory markers are separate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Direct effects on mechanisms, cognition and cure have not been verified in this table.
Required materials and conditions: Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims
Materials to obtain first: Direct effects on mechanisms, cognition and cure have not been verified in this table. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Direct effects on mechanisms, cognition and cure have not been verified in this table. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N22 · Does a statistical change represent an important symptom difference?

Current findings: The retained record interprets the result as a small negative-symptom signal.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Criteria for a clinically important difference and links to patient-important outcomes such as function, quality of life and hospitalization remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life
Materials to obtain first: Criteria for a clinically important difference and links to patient-important outcomes such as function, quality of life and hospitalization remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Criteria for a clinically important difference and links to patient-important outcomes such as function, quality of life and hospitalization remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N23 · How heterogeneous were trial formulations and conditions?

Current findings: Differences in formulation and dose are explicitly recorded as limitations.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Original trial-level effects, heterogeneity measures, influence analyses and separate formulation-specific effects remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial
Materials to obtain first: Original trial-level effects, heterogeneity measures, influence analyses and separate formulation-specific effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Original trial-level effects, heterogeneity measures, influence analyses and separate formulation-specific effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N24 · Has independent replication been newly certified?

Current findings: The original grade rationale mentions independent replication but also small scale and low certainty.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: This is the history of the retained verdict. Current unique-trial counts, independent-team counts and replication of the same product are not established.
Required materials and conditions: Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication
Materials to obtain first: This is the history of the retained verdict. Current unique-trial counts, independent-team counts and replication of the same product are not established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: This is the history of the retained verdict. Current unique-trial counts, independent-team counts and replication of the same product are not established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N25 · Can an optimal dose, subgroup or durable effect be stated?

Current findings: Only the key dose of 160 mg/day and key duration of 16 weeks are specified.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Optimal dose, dose response, medication-specific subgroups and long-term persistence remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up
Materials to obtain first: Optimal dose, dose response, medication-specific subgroups and long-term persistence remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Optimal dose, dose response, medication-specific subgroups and long-term persistence remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N26 · Do the review and original trial have the same funders?

Current findings: The review is recorded as noncommercial investigators with mixed funding among included trials, and the key trial as university research.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: University/noncommercial descriptions do not exclude commercial involvement, and funding details remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material
Materials to obtain first: University/noncommercial descriptions do not exclude commercial involvement, and funding details remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: University/noncommercial descriptions do not exclude commercial involvement, and funding details remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N27 · Are product support, employee authors and conflicts distinguished?

Current findings: The retained funding summary has no detailed mapping across these categories.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Product support, employee authorship, individual conflicts and funding for each included trial remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding
Materials to obtain first: Product support, employee authorship, individual conflicts and funding for each included trial remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Product support, employee authorship, individual conflicts and funding for each included trial remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N28 · How far does the short-term adverse-event comparison extend?

Current findings: The retained safety description says short-term adverse events were similar to placebo.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Without event types, affected-person counts, denominators, exact risk differences and collection methods, no difference in harms or overall safety is established.
Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data
Materials to obtain first: Without event types, affected-person counts, denominators, exact risk differences and collection methods, no difference in harms or overall safety is established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Without event types, affected-person counts, denominators, exact risk differences and collection methods, no difference in harms or overall safety is established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N29 · Are interactions with antipsychotic medication established?

Current findings: The retained record says metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary interactions are not sufficiently established.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Direct medication-specific interaction data, temporal ordering of events, other causes and denominators remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures
Materials to obtain first: Direct medication-specific interaction data, temporal ordering of events, other causes and denominators remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Direct medication-specific interaction data, temporal ordering of events, other causes and denominators remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N30 · What limits apply to long-term safety?

Current findings: Long-term safety has not been sufficiently established.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: The key 16-week trial and short-term summary are not extended to long-term safety or safety in all populations.
Required materials and conditions: Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss
Materials to obtain first: The key 16-week trial and short-term summary are not extended to long-term safety or safety in all populations. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: The key 16-week trial and short-term summary are not extended to long-term safety or safety in all populations. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N31 · Are the English placeholder correction and current material distinguished?

Current findings: A correction record for English evidence-table placeholders dated 2026-09-14 is retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: The presence of generic English evidence wording is not promoted to verification of the original English paper. Comparison of the corrected material with original sources remains incomplete.
Required materials and conditions: Retained Korean/English values and the correction event
Materials to obtain first: The presence of generic English evidence wording is not promoted to verification of the original English paper. Comparison of the corrected material with original sources remains incomplete. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: The presence of generic English evidence wording is not promoted to verification of the original English paper. Comparison of the corrected material with original sources remains incomplete. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Retained Korean/English values and the correction event must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Retained Korean/English values and the correction event is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N32 · Were the existing grade, axes and verdict date retained?

Current findings: The original verdict is C50 with Caution, and the original record date is 2026-09-08.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: No new efficacy grade, score, official assessment or independent clinical certification is produced. The verdict date is not the end date of a current search.
Required materials and conditions: Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date
Materials to obtain first: No new efficacy grade, score, official assessment or independent clinical certification is produced. The verdict date is not the end date of a current search. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: No new efficacy grade, score, official assessment or independent clinical certification is produced. The verdict date is not the end date of a current search. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N33 · What was actually read and what remains unread?

Current findings: Preparation used the full stored Korean/English summary, axes, 2 reports and 2 citations.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: A PubMed URL does not establish external abstract/full-text reading. Registration, protocol, SAP and the search-end scope remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material
Materials to obtain first: A PubMed URL does not establish external abstract/full-text reading. Registration, protocol, SAP and the search-end scope remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: A PubMed URL does not establish external abstract/full-text reading. Registration, protocol, SAP and the search-end scope remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02

N34 · Are registration identifiers linked to the actual trials?

Current findings: Registration status is recorded as unverified in both retained evidence reports.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: Unverified registration is not changed into absence of registration. Review registration and original RCT registration are also distinguished.
Required materials and conditions: Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial
Materials to obtain first: Unverified registration is not changed into absence of registration. Review registration and original RCT registration are also distinguished. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately.
Further research: Material needed: Unverified registration is not changed into absence of registration. Review registration and original RCT registration are also distinguished. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope.
Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial.

Related sources R01 R02