# Adjunctive Curcumin for Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms—A Small 4-Trial Effect With Low Certainty Verdict 3045 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-08 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-25 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The retained population is adults with chronic schizophrenia continuing stable antipsychotic medication. Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified. - Ingredient, formulation and route: This is mixed pooled evidence for different oral-curcumin formulations, including nanocurcumin. Product composition, active amount, nanotechnology, bioavailability, standardization and formulation-to-trial mapping remain unverified. - Dose: 160 mg/day is the dose in the key nano trial; doses vary across original trials. The mixed pooled effect is not relabeled as the effect of this single dose or product. - Comparator: The comparison is curcumin versus placebo added to common antipsychotic treatment. Medication types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence details remain unverified; this is not interpreted as a comparison of stopping or replacing antipsychotics. - Measured outcome: The selected question concerns change in the PANSS negative subscale. The pooled SMD remains distinct from the representative trial result; positive symptoms, total scores, cognition, inflammatory markers, function and cure remain separate. Prespecified endpoint hierarchy and assessment details remain unverified. - Duration: The key nano trial lasts 16 weeks, while durations vary across pooled trials. Exact trial-specific timepoints, sustained effects, changes after stopping and long-term safety remain unverified. - Questions outside this scope: Mixed oral pooled evidence is not relabeled as the same effect for generic turmeric, a single nano product or other formulations/routes.; A pooled negative-symptom signal is not extended to effects on PANSS positive symptoms, total scores, cognition, inflammatory markers, function or cure.; Antipsychotic add-on therapy is not relabeled as monotherapy, medication replacement or support for stopping standard treatment.; Nonsignificant other-symptom results and short-term adverse-event wording are not relabeled as complete ineffectiveness, equivalence or overall safety. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which add-on treatment question is covered? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original question concerns improvement of PANSS negative symptoms in schizophrenia with treatment added to antipsychotic medication. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Stopping or replacing concurrent medication and cure are outside this question. - Required materials and conditions: PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication - Materials to obtain first: Stopping or replacing concurrent medication and cure are outside this question. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Stopping or replacing concurrent medication and cure are outside this question. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on PANSS negative-symptom comparisons in adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N02 · Are mixed oral formulations distinguished from the key nano formulation? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The pooled evidence includes different oral formulations, including nanocurcumin. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Product-specific composition, bioavailability, standardization and the mapping of formulations to individual trials remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial - Materials to obtain first: Product-specific composition, bioavailability, standardization and the mapping of formulations to individual trials remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Product-specific composition, bioavailability, standardization and the mapping of formulations to individual trials remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Product, ingredients, nano technology and active amount in each original trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N03 · To which trial does 160 mg/day apply? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The dose of 160 mg/day belongs to the key nano trial; doses differ across original trials. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The mixed pooled effect cannot be attributed to a single product at 160 mg/day. - Required materials and conditions: Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials - Materials to obtain first: The mixed pooled effect cannot be attributed to a single product at 160 mg/day. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: The mixed pooled effect cannot be attributed to a single product at 160 mg/day. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separate doses for the key nano trial and other trials is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N04 · Are 16 weeks and the durations of the pooled trials distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The key trial lasted 16 weeks, while durations in the pooled evidence differ. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact times for each trial, persistence of effects and changes after stopping remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial - Materials to obtain first: Exact times for each trial, persistence of effects and changes after stopping remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Exact times for each trial, persistence of effects and changes after stopping remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Treatment, follow-up and endpoint times for each trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N05 · Who was included and what medication-stability conditions applied? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The population is adults with chronic schizophrenia who continued stable antipsychotic medication. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia - Materials to obtain first: Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Diagnostic criteria, symptom stage, medication-specific stability periods and detailed eligibility/exclusion criteria remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Diagnosis, recruitment and medication-stability conditions in adults with chronic schizophrenia is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N06 · Was the common treatment underlying curcumin the same? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The comparison is curcumin versus placebo added to common antipsychotic medication. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Details of concurrent drug types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence are missing, preventing a narrower attribution of the additional contribution. - Required materials and conditions: Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups - Materials to obtain first: Details of concurrent drug types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence are missing, preventing a narrower attribution of the additional contribution. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Details of concurrent drug types, dose changes, rescue treatment and adherence are missing, preventing a narrower attribution of the additional contribution. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Antipsychotic medications, doses and changes in the placebo-add-on and active-add-on groups is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N07 · Are the 4 RCTs in the review distinguished from participant totals? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The review size is recorded as 4 RCTs. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The total review population and endpoint-specific analysis denominators are not recorded. The number 4 is not used as a participant count. - Required materials and conditions: Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators - Materials to obtain first: The total review population and endpoint-specific analysis denominators are not recorded. The number 4 is not used as a participant count. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: The total review population and endpoint-specific analysis denominators are not recorded. The number 4 is not used as a participant count. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial counts, unique participants and endpoint-specific analysis denominators is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N08 · Which denominator does the key trial count of 56 people represent? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The key nano trial is recorded as 56 people with 1:1 allocation. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The exact roles of allocation, analysis and completion denominators and the group counts remain separately unverified. Group counts are not calculated from 1:1. - Required materials and conditions: Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts - Materials to obtain first: The exact roles of allocation, analysis and completion denominators and the group counts remain separately unverified. Group counts are not calculated from 1:1. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: The exact roles of allocation, analysis and completion denominators and the group counts remain separately unverified. Group counts are not calculated from 1:1. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separate allocation, analysis, completion and missing-participant counts is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N09 · Are the review and key trial kept from being counted twice? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The pooled-evidence report and the key original-trial report are both retained. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Whether the key trial was included and the overlapping trial-family mapping remain unverified. The 2 reports are not counted as 2 unique trials or 5 trials. - Required materials and conditions: Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper - Materials to obtain first: Whether the key trial was included and the overlapping trial-family mapping remain unverified. The 2 reports are not counted as 2 unique trials or 5 trials. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Whether the key trial was included and the overlapping trial-family mapping remain unverified. The 2 reports are not counted as 2 unique trials or 5 trials. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of the review inclusion list to the identity of the key paper is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N10 · What is the pooled effect for negative symptoms? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained value is SMD −0.37, 95% CI −0.70~−0.03. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Weighting methods, calculation of effect direction, original trial-level data and conversion to other PANSS domains remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome - Materials to obtain first: Weighting methods, calculation of effect direction, original trial-level data and conversion to other PANSS domains remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Weighting methods, calculation of effect direction, original trial-level data and conversion to other PANSS domains remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Pooled measure and direction for the defined negative-symptom outcome is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N11 · Are the small pooled signal and low certainty retained together? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained record describes a small pooled effect on negative symptoms with low certainty of evidence. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The borderline statistical signal is not changed into a large clinical effect or high certainty. No additional precision assessment has been performed. - Required materials and conditions: Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation - Materials to obtain first: The borderline statistical signal is not changed into a large clinical effect or high certainty. No additional precision assessment has been performed. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: The borderline statistical signal is not changed into a large clinical effect or high certainty. No additional precision assessment has been performed. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Reported interval, certainty and limits of interpretation is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N12 · Is P=.05 in the key trial an effect size? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The key trial is recorded as a between-group PANSS negative comparison at 16 weeks with P=.05. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The exact between-group effect size and 95% CI remain unverified. An effect or CI is not calculated from P. - Required materials and conditions: Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI - Materials to obtain first: The exact between-group effect size and 95% CI remain unverified. An effect or CI is not calculated from P. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: The exact between-group effect size and 95% CI remain unverified. An effect or CI is not calculated from P. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Between-group effect size at 16 weeks and the original 95% CI is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N13 · How was PANSS negative measured? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The selected endpoint is change in the PANSS negative subscale. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Assessor training, agreement, measurement methods at each timepoint and details of measurement bias remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility - Materials to obtain first: Assessor training, agreement, measurement methods at each timepoint and details of measurement bias remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Assessor training, agreement, measurement methods at each timepoint and details of measurement bias remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Scale assessors, timing, blinding and measurement reproducibility is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N14 · Were negative symptoms the prespecified principal endpoint? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained verdict addresses negative symptoms only. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original registration, protocol and SAP were not read during this work, leaving the prespecified endpoint hierarchy and any changes unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan - Materials to obtain first: Original registration, protocol and SAP were not read during this work, leaving the prespecified endpoint hierarchy and any changes unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Original registration, protocol and SAP were not read during this work, leaving the prespecified endpoint hierarchy and any changes unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original protocol, registration, endpoint hierarchy and analysis plan is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N15 · Are the randomization procedures of the key trial known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The key paper is recorded as a randomized double-blind placebo-add-on trial. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Random sequence, allocation concealment, implementation responsibilities and baseline imbalance data remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation - Materials to obtain first: Random sequence, allocation concealment, implementation responsibilities and baseline imbalance data remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Random sequence, allocation concealment, implementation responsibilities and baseline imbalance data remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Sequence generation, allocation concealment and allocation implementation is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N16 · Was blinding maintained? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The reported design is described as double blind and placebo controlled. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Placebo appearance, taste, smell, blinding success and possible allocation inference from medication adverse effects remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability - Materials to obtain first: Placebo appearance, taste, smell, blinding success and possible allocation inference from medication adverse effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Placebo appearance, taste, smell, blinding success and possible allocation inference from medication adverse effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Participant/assessor blinding and placebo distinguishability is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N17 · What were the effect of interest and analysis population? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained outcome measures are PANSS negative change and a pooled SMD. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Distinction between assignment and adherence effects, use of ITT, baseline adjustment, model and covariates remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model - Materials to obtain first: Distinction between assignment and adherence effects, use of ITT, baseline adjustment, model and covariates remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Distinction between assignment and adherence effects, use of ITT, baseline adjustment, model and covariates remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on ITT, adherent-participant analyses, baseline adjustment and model is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N18 · Who was lost and how were missing data handled? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Only the key trial size of 56 people remains in the current summary. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Actual endpoint-specific analysis/completion denominators, withdrawal reasons and imputation methods remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling - Materials to obtain first: Actual endpoint-specific analysis/completion denominators, withdrawal reasons and imputation methods remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Actual endpoint-specific analysis/completion denominators, withdrawal reasons and imputation methods remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Withdrawals, reasons, analysis inclusion and missing-data handling is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N19 · Are negative and positive symptom results kept separate? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained record distinguishes a small negative-symptom improvement from a nonsignificant positive-symptom result. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: This is not extended to positive-symptom improvement; exact domain-specific effects and CIs remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain - Materials to obtain first: This is not extended to positive-symptom improvement; exact domain-specific effects and CIs remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: This is not extended to positive-symptom improvement; exact domain-specific effects and CIs remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direction and denominators for each PANSS domain is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N20 · Is the total-score result also retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The total score was not significant, and the retained record separates it from the negative-symptom question. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The negative-subscale signal is not transferred to overall PANSS improvement. The original total-score estimate remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results - Materials to obtain first: The negative-subscale signal is not transferred to overall PANSS improvement. The original total-score estimate remains unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: The negative-subscale signal is not transferred to overall PANSS improvement. The original total-score estimate remains unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of PANSS total and negative-subscale results is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N21 · Is extension to cognition, inflammatory markers or cure avoided? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Cognitive improvement, cure and improvement across all domains are excluded as advertising extensions, while inflammatory markers are separate. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Direct effects on mechanisms, cognition and cure have not been verified in this table. - Required materials and conditions: Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims - Materials to obtain first: Direct effects on mechanisms, cognition and cure have not been verified in this table. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Direct effects on mechanisms, cognition and cure have not been verified in this table. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Boundary between the selected symptom endpoint and other claims is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N22 · Does a statistical change represent an important symptom difference? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained record interprets the result as a small negative-symptom signal. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Criteria for a clinically important difference and links to patient-important outcomes such as function, quality of life and hospitalization remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life - Materials to obtain first: Criteria for a clinically important difference and links to patient-important outcomes such as function, quality of life and hospitalization remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Criteria for a clinically important difference and links to patient-important outcomes such as function, quality of life and hospitalization remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Important differences in PANSS negative symptoms, function and quality of life is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N23 · How heterogeneous were trial formulations and conditions? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Differences in formulation and dose are explicitly recorded as limitations. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original trial-level effects, heterogeneity measures, influence analyses and separate formulation-specific effects remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial - Materials to obtain first: Original trial-level effects, heterogeneity measures, influence analyses and separate formulation-specific effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Original trial-level effects, heterogeneity measures, influence analyses and separate formulation-specific effects remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of formulation, dose, duration, population and effect for each trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N24 · Has independent replication been newly certified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original grade rationale mentions independent replication but also small scale and low certainty. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: This is the history of the retained verdict. Current unique-trial counts, independent-team counts and replication of the same product are not established. - Required materials and conditions: Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication - Materials to obtain first: This is the history of the retained verdict. Current unique-trial counts, independent-team counts and replication of the same product are not established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: This is the history of the retained verdict. Current unique-trial counts, independent-team counts and replication of the same product are not established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Mapping of independent teams, unique trials and same-formulation replication is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N25 · Can an optimal dose, subgroup or durable effect be stated? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Only the key dose of 160 mg/day and key duration of 16 weeks are specified. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Optimal dose, dose response, medication-specific subgroups and long-term persistence remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up - Materials to obtain first: Optimal dose, dose response, medication-specific subgroups and long-term persistence remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Optimal dose, dose response, medication-specific subgroups and long-term persistence remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct dose comparisons, prespecified subgroups and long-term follow-up is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N26 · Do the review and original trial have the same funders? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The review is recorded as noncommercial investigators with mixed funding among included trials, and the key trial as university research. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: University/noncommercial descriptions do not exclude commercial involvement, and funding details remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material - Materials to obtain first: University/noncommercial descriptions do not exclude commercial involvement, and funding details remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: University/noncommercial descriptions do not exclude commercial involvement, and funding details remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Research funding and actual supporting institutions for each material is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N27 · Are product support, employee authors and conflicts distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained funding summary has no detailed mapping across these categories. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Product support, employee authorship, individual conflicts and funding for each included trial remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding - Materials to obtain first: Product support, employee authorship, individual conflicts and funding for each included trial remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Product support, employee authorship, individual conflicts and funding for each included trial remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Product supply, company authors and declared conflicts separately from funding is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N28 · How far does the short-term adverse-event comparison extend? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained safety description says short-term adverse events were similar to placebo. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Without event types, affected-person counts, denominators, exact risk differences and collection methods, no difference in harms or overall safety is established. - Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data - Materials to obtain first: Without event types, affected-person counts, denominators, exact risk differences and collection methods, no difference in harms or overall safety is established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Without event types, affected-person counts, denominators, exact risk differences and collection methods, no difference in harms or overall safety is established. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific event definitions, collection, duration and between-group data is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N29 · Are interactions with antipsychotic medication established? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained record says metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary interactions are not sufficiently established. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Direct medication-specific interaction data, temporal ordering of events, other causes and denominators remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures - Materials to obtain first: Direct medication-specific interaction data, temporal ordering of events, other causes and denominators remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Direct medication-specific interaction data, temporal ordering of events, other causes and denominators remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Medication-specific metabolic, bleeding and hepatobiliary events and exposures is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N30 · What limits apply to long-term safety? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Long-term safety has not been sufficiently established. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The key 16-week trial and short-term summary are not extended to long-term safety or safety in all populations. - Required materials and conditions: Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss - Materials to obtain first: The key 16-week trial and short-term summary are not extended to long-term safety or safety in all populations. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: The key 16-week trial and short-term summary are not extended to long-term safety or safety in all populations. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term/rare events, vulnerable populations and follow-up loss is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N31 · Are the English placeholder correction and current material distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: A correction record for English evidence-table placeholders dated 2026-09-14 is retained. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The presence of generic English evidence wording is not promoted to verification of the original English paper. Comparison of the corrected material with original sources remains incomplete. - Required materials and conditions: Retained Korean/English values and the correction event - Materials to obtain first: The presence of generic English evidence wording is not promoted to verification of the original English paper. Comparison of the corrected material with original sources remains incomplete. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: The presence of generic English evidence wording is not promoted to verification of the original English paper. Comparison of the corrected material with original sources remains incomplete. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Retained Korean/English values and the correction event must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Retained Korean/English values and the correction event is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N32 · Were the existing grade, axes and verdict date retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original verdict is C50 with Caution, and the original record date is 2026-09-08. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: No new efficacy grade, score, official assessment or independent clinical certification is produced. The verdict date is not the end date of a current search. - Required materials and conditions: Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date - Materials to obtain first: No new efficacy grade, score, official assessment or independent clinical certification is produced. The verdict date is not the end date of a current search. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: No new efficacy grade, score, official assessment or independent clinical certification is produced. The verdict date is not the end date of a current search. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical preservation of C50, Caution, original axes and original record date is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N33 · What was actually read and what remains unread? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Preparation used the full stored Korean/English summary, axes, 2 reports and 2 citations. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: A PubMed URL does not establish external abstract/full-text reading. Registration, protocol, SAP and the search-end scope remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material - Materials to obtain first: A PubMed URL does not establish external abstract/full-text reading. Registration, protocol, SAP and the search-end scope remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: A PubMed URL does not establish external abstract/full-text reading. Registration, protocol, SAP and the search-end scope remain unverified. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of the stored summary from external abstract, full text, registration and planning material is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N34 · Are registration identifiers linked to the actual trials? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External papers, abstracts/full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Registration status is recorded as unverified in both retained evidence reports. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Unverified registration is not changed into absence of registration. Review registration and original RCT registration are also distinguished. - Required materials and conditions: Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial - Materials to obtain first: Unverified registration is not changed into absence of registration. Review registration and original RCT registration are also distinguished. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. - Further research: Material needed: Unverified registration is not changed into absence of registration. Review registration and original RCT registration are also distinguished. Existence and acquisition of the required original report, methods, original result tables, registration and planning material must first be recorded separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial must link to formulation, dose, duration, population, common treatment, placebo comparison, PANSS domain, pooled/individual analyses and denominators, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Registration numbers and corresponding prospective plans for each original trial is needed to connect the relevant mixed oral formulations, population, common medication, add-on comparison, negative symptoms, pooled/individual metrics, denominators, study families or harm scope. - Application exceptions: The meta-analysis and representative trial are not added together, and a mixed pooled effect is not attributed to a particular product. Standardized metrics are not converted to PANSS points, and group counts are not calculated from an allocation ratio. Significance values are not converted to effects or confidence intervals; negative symptoms are not extended to other symptoms, function, cure or medication replacement. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in included trials, formulation-specific directness, allocation/blinding, assessment, prespecified plans, analysis denominators, missingness, study overlap, certainty assessment, support and harms. Original independence/verification wording and grades are historical records, not current external original-source reading or new clinical certification. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, common medication, placebo add-on comparison, PANSS domains, pooled metrics, timepoints, denominators, study overlap, certainty, support and harms in the retained synthesis and representative trial. - Related sources: R01, R02 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 2026 · Meta-analysis of 4 adjunctive-curcumin RCTs [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41108513/) Materials actually read: Stored meta-analysis review summary read; external paper, included trials, registration and planning material unread Findings recorded in the summary: SMD −0.37, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.03; low certainty of evidence Record level: This is the original record of a small pooled negative-symptom signal with low certainty. Original trial effects, weighting, heterogeneity and an important-difference threshold remain unverified; SMD is not converted to PANSS points. Independent replication: The stored meta-analysis remains distinct from the representative nano trial. Inclusion/overlap between the 4-RCT synthesis and the 56-person representative trial remains unverified; unique trials, independent teams and participant totals are not newly added or certified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Existing stored summary acquired | Stored summary | Stored summary read | This is the stored meta-analysis summary actually read. The reported scope of 4 RCTs remains distinct from actual reading of original trial material. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | | External paper and abstract link | Original bibliography link only; external content unread | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The original PubMed citation URL is linked. External page, abstract, full text and included trials remain unread. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | | External full paper | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Original bibliography: Gallo Ruelas M et al. Psychiatr Q. 2026;97:463-482. PMID: 41108513. DOI: 10.1007/s11126-025-10205-y. Bibliographic identifiers alone do not establish full-text acquisition, download or reading. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | | Registration material | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Registration identifiers, URLs, contents and change histories for the review and included RCTs remain unverified. Unverified is not relabeled as unregistered. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Review search methods, included trials, analysis plans, original effect tables, heterogeneity and certainty-assessment methods remain unread. Existence, public availability and acquisition of separate material also remain unverified. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | ### R02 2021 · 56-person trial of nanocurcumin added to antipsychotics [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347019/) Materials actually read: Stored representative-trial review summary read; external paper, abstract, full text, registration and planning material unread Findings recorded in the summary: Between-group P=.05 at 16 weeks; exact effect size and 95% CI unverified Record level: This is the significance-value notation for the retained PANSS negative-symptom result. Exact between-group effects, original confidence intervals and analysis denominators remain unverified; effects or intervals are not newly calculated from P. Independent replication: The stored meta-analysis remains distinct from the representative nano trial. Inclusion/overlap between the 4-RCT synthesis and the 56-person representative trial remains unverified; unique trials, independent teams and participant totals are not newly added or certified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Existing stored summary acquired | Stored summary | Stored summary read | This is the stored trial summary actually read. 56 people and 1:1 are not calculated or copied into actual group, analysis, completion or harm denominators. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | | External paper and abstract link | Original bibliography link only; external content unread | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The original PubMed citation URL is linked. External page, abstract and full text remain unread. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | | External full paper | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Original bibliography: Hosseininasab M et al. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021;41:25-30. PMID: 33347019. DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001324. Bibliographic identifiers remain distinct from actual original-source reading. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | | Registration material | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Original-trial registration identifier, URL, contents and mapping to prespecified plans remain unverified. Unread registration is not relabeled as absence of registration. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Plans and details for allocation, blinding, prespecified endpoints, analysis denominators, missingness and original result tables remain unread. Existence, public availability and acquisition of separate material also remain unverified. This links the stored summary and original bibliography. Actual verification of external original sources, registration, planning, included trials/study families and independent replication remains separately unverified. The timestamp retained for the stored summary records its preparation, not external reading. Dates for external material are unrecorded. The evidence date 2026-09-08 belongs to the original record and is distinct from current full-text reading, completed search or completed content review. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-25 · Public page/materials 1.0. The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 34 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.