Buteyko for Adult Asthma × Symptoms and Rescue Use — Signals Alongside Null Objective Findings · Evidence and Gaps Sheet

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhich symptom and rescue-use question and original verdict are being transferred?Required	The selection is reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use, with original subclaim C. Small-trial signals and limitations in masking and endpoint selection are retained. Lung function, exacerbation prevention and replacement of inhaled treatment are separate questions. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use	Material needed: Original trials, measures, timing, denominators, between-group estimates and CIs for symptoms and rescue use separately are needed. No new claims or independence certification are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionAre symptoms, rescue bronchodilator use and inhaled-steroid use the same?Required	Perceived symptoms and rescue-inhaler use differ from airflow obstruction, airway responsiveness and exacerbations. Rescue bronchodilators such as beta2-agonists are also distinguished from inhaled-steroid reduction. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction	Material needed: Medication types, symptom instruments, rescue decisions and records, maintenance-taper criteria, timing, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. No new medication-change or breathing instructions are provided. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionWhat were Bowler's rescue-use findings in 39 people at 3 months?Required	Bowler involved 39 people, with 3-month observation in the parent account. Median beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, are retained. The medians are not subtracted into a new between-group effect or used as taper steps. R01	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998	Material needed: Original arm-specific medication, doses, baseline and follow-up values, estimands, direct CIs, denominators, collection and rescue or taper criteria are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionAre Bowler's lung-function, ICS and quality-of-life findings also retained?Required	Null FEV1 and PEF, ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09 in the same original findings are retained. Rescue-use signals are not converted into benefits across maintenance treatment, quality of life and lung function. R01	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL	Material needed: Definitions, original values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified hierarchies, multiplicity and estimands for each outcome are needed. Nonsignificance does not certify a precise absence of effect or equivalence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionWhat comparison underlies Cooper's 3-arm symptom changes?Required	This is a 3-arm Buteyko, pranayama and placebo trial, retaining median symptom changes of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003. Exact arm matching, contrasts, measures and CIs need original tables; values are not subtracted into new effects. R02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures	Material needed: Original arm tables, symptom instruments and direction, timing, denominators, prespecified contrasts, analyses and direct CIs are needed. The same P value or effect is not copied to every comparator. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionWhat do Cooper's -2 puffs/day and P=.005 describe?Required	Original bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005, is retained. Absolute arm-specific use, exact contrasts and CIs are absent from the summary; these figures are not personal medication-taper instructions. R02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator	Material needed: Baseline and follow-up medications, devices, rescue conditions, records, direct between-group analyses, denominators and CIs are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionAre the symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes distinguished?Required	The parent retains both a positive symptom co-primary and null PD20 airway responsiveness designated alongside it. Symptom signals alone do not certify success across co-primary outcomes or improved airway responsiveness. R02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans	Material needed: Original prespecified plans, co-primary success rules, PD20 and symptom values, CIs, denominators and multiplicity hierarchies are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWhat analyses underlie 90 assigned, 69 completed and 23% attrition?Required	Original evidence records 90 randomized and 69 completed; the bibliography records completers of 69/90 and lack of masking, and the parent records 23% attrition. Attrition is original wording, not recalculated here. Arm-specific outcome denominators are unverified. R02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording	Material needed: Arm-specific allocation, withdrawal reasons, completion, analysis populations, all-assigned and completer analyses, missingness, sensitivity and time-specific denominators are needed. No new attrition counts or proportions are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionWhat was Cowie's asthma-control primary versus active breathing education?Required	Original null primary findings retain 129 assigned, 119 assessed at 6 months and control of 79% versus 72%, P=.4. They are not combined as identical to asthma-education, usual-care or sham-device comparisons. R03	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months	Material needed: Control definitions, arm denominators, active-education content, between-group effects, CIs, baseline adjustment, plans and missingness handling are needed. Original proportions are not subtracted into a new difference. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionAre Cowie's sensitivity analysis and secondary ICS findings primary success?Required	Missing-as-failure control of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, and ICS reduction of 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, are retained separately. Secondary ICS findings do not override null primary control or become rescue-bronchodilator reduction values. R03	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control	Material needed: Analysis populations, missing-as-failure definitions, arm denominators, taper criteria, clinical review, direct effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchies and multiplicity are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionDo Vagedes's primary and secondary symptom or medication outcomes in 60 people differ?Required	The primary outcome in the trial of 60 is voluntary control pause; ACQ and medication are secondary. Some signals are distinguished from null FEV1 and FeNO. The limitation that symptoms were not the prespecified primary is retained; the primary is not converted into a clinical symptom effect. R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes	Material needed: Individual outcomes, instruments, between-group values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified plans, changes and analyses are needed. No new breathing-practice or training instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionAre post-recruitment registration and historical COI checks treated as current verification?Required	The original summary records registration after recruitment and later registration. Historical full-text checking of detailed COI in the funding field is not new registration or full-text reading or completed verification. R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording	Material needed: Original recruitment dates, registration and changes, protocols, analysis plans, outcome selection, support and COI disclosures are needed. An identifier does not certify prospective planning or independence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionAre different breathing methods or education pooled as Buteyko effects?Required	The account distinguishes comparators and records that general breathing retraining or pranayama findings were not pooled as Buteyko effects. Identical contact, education and training components have not been verified. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care	Material needed: Each intervention and comparator's content, intensity, instruction, contact, adherence, common inhaled care and original contrast are needed. No new breathing or education practice instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionAre adult-asthma eligibility, samples and outcome denominators distinguished?Required	The parent scope is adult asthma and the representative population is the initial 39. The 90/69, 129/119 and 60 describe allocation, completion or assessment in individual trials, not common eligibility or rescue-use denominators. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators	Material needed: Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medications, age, comorbidity, exclusions and time- and arm-specific analyses and missingness are needed. Findings are not extended to other populations or acute attacks. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionAre adjunctive training and clinician-reviewed tapering distinguished from isolated breathing effects?Required	Original studies describe training added to standard care and medication reductions under clinical review. Whether less medication use reflects physiological improvement or taper decisions and recording remains unverified in detail. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence	Material needed: Arm-specific inhaled treatment, changes, rescue and taper criteria, concurrent education, actual adherence, medication types, original findings and denominators are needed. No new taper, withdrawal or breathing instructions are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionAre null FEV1, PEF, PD20 and FeNO obscured by symptom signals?Required	Null FEV1, PEF, PD20 and FeNO in original contrary evidence and findings are retained. Symptom or medication signals are not transferred into restored objective airway function, and null findings do not certify a precise absence of effect. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use	Material needed: Original values, units, between-group effects, CIs, timing, denominators, prespecified plans and links to symptoms for each measure are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionDoes reduced rescue use establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-treatment replacement?Required	Original null exacerbation findings, unproven prevention and supervised medication reduction are retained together. Symptom or rescue-use signals are not extended into asthma cure, exacerbation prevention or inhaler replacement. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care	Material needed: Exacerbation definitions, events, exposure, denominators, rescue, emergency care, admission, medication changes, safety, direct effects and CIs are needed. No new treatment or medication-adjustment guidance is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionWhat are the limits of symptom measures, rescue records and lack of masking?Required	The account records difficult participant masking and symptoms not being the later trial's prespecified primary. A blinding label for some trials does not establish that masking of all training or bias in subjective measurements was resolved. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting	Material needed: Original assessor and participant masking, symptom tools, ACQ, medication diaries, record verification, contact time, withdrawals, missingness and outcome selection are needed. No new official risk-of-bias assessment was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionAre gaps in direct effects, CIs and clinical importance retained?Required	Original findings include some medians, proportions, P values and signal or null narratives. Direct between-group CIs, clinical importance and original values for every arm and time are incomplete; parent precision is CX. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision	Material needed: Outcome-specific estimates, CIs, instruments, units, denominators, prespecified criteria, baseline adjustment and patient importance are needed. No new effects or CIs are calculated from medians, proportions or events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionAre consistent directions certified as new independent replications or participant totals?Required	The parent describes symptom or rescue-use signals across periods as a strength while leaving independently funded replication unverified. The parent and subclaims share reports without creating new independence certification or totals. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts	Material needed: Links among reports, trials, registration, institutions, recruitment, participants, support, comparators and outcomes are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionAre company, donor and institutional support distinguished from design and analysis roles?Required	Bowler and Cooper have funding and COI unverified; Cowie has an anonymous donor and unverified independence; Vagedes retains public or institutional support and historical COI checks. Anonymous or public support alone does not establish independence or absence of company involvement. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis	Material needed: Disclosures are needed separately for money and product support, author-company relationships, training provision, design, analysis, publication roles and supporter identities. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionHow are harms, long-term effects and post-discontinuation persistence distinguished?Supplementary	Parent safety wording describes boundaries concerning inhaled treatment, acute attacks and medication changes. Trial-specific harm collection, severity, arm exposure, denominators and post-discontinuation persistence are absent from the summary. Medication-use figures are not new taper methods. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up	Material needed: Harm and exacerbation collection, events versus affected participants, severity, timing, exposure, denominators, clinical taper review, vulnerable populations and long follow-up are needed. No new breathing-training, medication-change or treatment guidance is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionHow do subclaim C and the parent's score and axes differ?Required	The selected subclaim has C and no individual score, status or axes. Parent C50, Caution and axes remain parent context without filling in absent subclaim values. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes	Material needed: The parent-subclaim application boundary needs content review. No new grades, clinical statuses, scores or independence certification are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionHow does reading a stored summary differ from reading external materials?Required	The complete stored parent summary was used. Historical verification, separation, original-text comparison and cross-checking narratives are not new external reading; abstracts, full texts, registration and plans remain unread in this work. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans	Material needed: External acquisition, actual reading and content review require separate records. URLs, PMCIDs or registration identifiers do not establish reading or completed review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionAre representative language or classification values copied to every report?Required	Parent Korean and English content and classifications are retained. Representative populations, exposure labels or outcomes are not automatically applied as identical denominators, exposures or effects across reports, arms and outcomes. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing	Material needed: Original populations, training, comparators, outcomes, timing and denominators for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionAre report or material-slot counts unique trials or quality scores?Required	Report links, local summaries and external material slots form the table's structure. They are not acquired external papers, unique trials, participants, independent replications or quality scores; shared parent and subclaim reports are not summed. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading	Material needed: Links among original trials, reports, recruitment and participants, and reading records for acquired materials, are needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
27	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionDo original evidence dates, empty correction history and production dates differ?Required	The original cut-off is 2026-09-07, with an empty correction array and empty deliberation string. Production dates are not converted into new evidence-verification dates, and absent correction details are not invented. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events	Material needed: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes require separate events after preserving complete originals, followed by content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
28	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionWhich items are updated when new materials or questions change?Required	Current originals, conditions and observations are retained. This is not new lookup, calculation or original-verdict change; acquired and reviewed new originals are linked to the corresponding comparison, outcome, denominator, report and subclaim boundary. R01 R02 R03 R04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes	Material needed: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained. No new dilution, breathing, procedure, medication-change or treatment instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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28 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: The scope is adult asthma. Bowler's initial 39, Cooper's 90 assigned and 69 completed, Cowie's 129 assigned and 119 assessed, and Vagedes's 60 are original populations from separate trials. Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medication, age, comorbidity and arm-specific outcome denominators are unverified. Representative populations or counts are not copied to every trial or rescue-use outcome, or summed as unique participants.
Ingredient, formulation and route: The selection concerns symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use with Buteyko training added to standard adult-asthma care. General breathing retraining or pranayama findings are not pooled as Buteyko effects. Original clinical review of medication reduction is retained; exact training components, contact, actual participation and common inhaled care are separately unverified. No new breathing-practice, medication-change or treatment instructions are provided.
Dose: The original classification's dose field is a training name rather than quantitative exposure. Exact sessions, practice amounts, instruction, adherence, actual participation and links to medication adjustment are unverified. Study medication-use figures and voluntary control pause measurements are not converted into personal taper steps, breathing instructions or optimal training amounts.
Comparator: Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active physiotherapist-led breathing education and usual care are distinct comparators. The parent's representative active-breathing-education classification is not applied as identical conditions across all reports. Original methods and plans are needed for comparison-specific content, contact time, intensity, concurrent education, common medication, rescue and taper criteria, and adherence.
Measured outcome: The selection is reduced symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use, retaining original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes. Rescue use is distinguished from maintenance inhaled-steroid reduction. Symptom co-primary signals alongside null PD20, null primary control versus active education alongside secondary ICS signals, and the later trial's primary and secondary outcomes are kept separate. Findings are not extended to objective measures such as FEV1, PEF and FeNO, exacerbations or treatment replacement.
Duration: The parent's overall range spans several weeks to 6 months across trials. Bowler's 3 months and Cowie's 6 months are distinguished; original materials are needed for exact timing and denominators of other reports and individual symptom or medication outcomes. The same observation period is not copied to the later trial, nor extended into post-discontinuation persistence, long-term exacerbation prevention or inhaled-treatment replacement.
Questions outside this scope: Perceived symptoms, rescue bronchodilators, maintenance inhaled-steroid reduction, objective airway function and exacerbations are not substituted for one another.; Comparisons with asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care are not pooled as the same effect.; Signals in some co-primary or secondary outcomes are not promoted into success across primary outcomes or prospective confirmation.; Medians, proportions, P values and assigned or completed populations are not used to calculate new differences, CIs, attrition counts or unique participant totals.; Registration identifiers, PMCIDs, historical full-text or COI checks and public support are not used as certification of current reading, prespecification or independent funding.; Symptom or rescue-use signals or null findings are not extended into cure, exacerbation prevention, inhaled-treatment replacement, acute-attack effects or precise equivalence.; Study breathing or medication figures are not converted into personal practice steps, tapering or withdrawal, new treatment or long-term safety guidance.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

R01 · Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA. Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 1998;169:575-578. PMID: 9887897. DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x.

PubMed

Material type: Blinded randomized controlled trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Median beta2-agonist reduction 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002; FEV1 and PEF null; ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09
Record level: These are 3-month findings in 39 adults with asthma in 1998. Median beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, are distinguished from null FEV1 and PEF, ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09. Median differences, direct CIs and arm-specific outcome denominators are not newly calculated; a blinding label does not establish completed review of all measurement bias.
Study overlap and independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read.

R02 · Cooper S, Oborne J, Newton S, et al. Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2003;58:674-679. PMID: 12885982. PMCID: PMC1746772. DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674.

PubMed

Material type: 3-arm randomized Buteyko, pranayama and placebo trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Median symptom change -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003; bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005; objective outcomes, exacerbations, and ICS null
Record level: The 2003 trial retains 3 arms, 90 assigned, 69 completed and the parent's 23% attrition wording. Symptoms of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003, and bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005, are retained while exact arm matching, contrasts and direct CIs remain unverified. Symptom co-primary signals are distinguished from null PD20, FEV1, exacerbations and ICS.
Study overlap and independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified.

R03 · Cowie RL, Conley DP, Underwood MF, Reader PG. A randomised controlled trial of the Buteyko technique as an adjunct to conventional management of asthma. Respir Med. 2008;102:726-732. PMID: 18249107. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012.

PubMed

Material type: Randomized Buteyko versus physiotherapist-led breathing education trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Control 79% versus 72%, P=.4; missing-as-failure 68% versus 70%, P=.7; ICS reduction 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02
Record level: The 2008 active-breathing-education comparison retains 129 assigned and 119 assessed at 6 months. Control of 79% versus 72%, P=.4, and missing-as-failure sensitivity of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, are null; ICS reduction of 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, is a separate secondary outcome. It is not reassigned as rescue-use values or success on primary control.
Study overlap and independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified.

R04 · Vagedes K, et al. Buteyko breathing technique for asthma: an effective intervention. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29:42. PMID: 38212823. PMCID: PMC10782792. DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1. NCT03098849.

PubMed

Material type: Randomized Buteyko versus usual-care trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: 1st and some 2nd outcome signals; FEV1 and FeNO null, registered after recruitment began
Record level: This is the 2024 trial in 60 adults. The 1st outcome, voluntary control pause, and some 2nd-outcome ACQ or medication signals are distinguished from null FEV1 and FeNO. NCT03098849 registration after recruitment and historical support or COI checks are original records, not current registration or full-text reading or confirmation of symptoms as a prespecified primary outcome.
Study overlap and independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete.
External abstract	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete.
External full text	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete.
Protocol and analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · Which symptom and rescue-use question and original verdict are being transferred?

Required materials and conditions: Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N02 · Are symptoms, rescue bronchodilator use and inhaled-steroid use the same?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N03 · What were Bowler's rescue-use findings in 39 people at 3 months?

Required materials and conditions: Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998 must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998 with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N04 · Are Bowler's lung-function, ICS and quality-of-life findings also retained?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N05 · What comparison underlies Cooper's 3-arm symptom changes?

Required materials and conditions: Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N06 · What do Cooper's -2 puffs/day and P=.005 describe?

Required materials and conditions: Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N07 · Are the symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N08 · What analyses underlie 90 assigned, 69 completed and 23% attrition?

Required materials and conditions: Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N09 · What was Cowie's asthma-control primary versus active breathing education?

Required materials and conditions: Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N10 · Are Cowie's sensitivity analysis and secondary ICS findings primary success?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N11 · Do Vagedes's primary and secondary symptom or medication outcomes in 60 people differ?

Required materials and conditions: Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N12 · Are post-recruitment registration and historical COI checks treated as current verification?

Required materials and conditions: NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N13 · Are different breathing methods or education pooled as Buteyko effects?

Required materials and conditions: Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N14 · Are adult-asthma eligibility, samples and outcome denominators distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N15 · Are adjunctive training and clinician-reviewed tapering distinguished from isolated breathing effects?

Required materials and conditions: Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N16 · Are null FEV1, PEF, PD20 and FeNO obscured by symptom signals?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N17 · Does reduced rescue use establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-treatment replacement?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N18 · What are the limits of symptom measures, rescue records and lack of masking?

Required materials and conditions: Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N19 · Are gaps in direct effects, CIs and clinical importance retained?

Required materials and conditions: Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N20 · Are consistent directions certified as new independent replications or participant totals?

Required materials and conditions: Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N21 · Are company, donor and institutional support distinguished from design and analysis roles?

Required materials and conditions: Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N22 · How are harms, long-term effects and post-discontinuation persistence distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N23 · How do subclaim C and the parent's score and axes differ?

Required materials and conditions: Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N24 · How does reading a stored summary differ from reading external materials?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N25 · Are representative language or classification values copied to every report?

Required materials and conditions: Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N26 · Are report or material-slot counts unique trials or quality scores?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N27 · Do original evidence dates, empty correction history and production dates differ?

Required materials and conditions: Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N28 · Which items are updated when new materials or questions change?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-19 · Public page/material version 1.0

Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 28 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-07) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · Which symptom and rescue-use question and original verdict are being transferred?

Current findings: The selection is reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use, with original subclaim C. Small-trial signals and limitations in masking and endpoint selection are retained. Lung function, exacerbation prevention and replacement of inhaled treatment are separate questions.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original trials, measures, timing, denominators, between-group estimates and CIs for symptoms and rescue use separately are needed. No new claims or independence certification are created.
Required materials and conditions: Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use
Materials to obtain first: Original trials, measures, timing, denominators, between-group estimates and CIs for symptoms and rescue use separately are needed. No new claims or independence certification are created.
Further research: Material needed: Original trials, measures, timing, denominators, between-group estimates and CIs for symptoms and rescue use separately are needed. No new claims or independence certification are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N02 · Are symptoms, rescue bronchodilator use and inhaled-steroid use the same?

Current findings: Perceived symptoms and rescue-inhaler use differ from airflow obstruction, airway responsiveness and exacerbations. Rescue bronchodilators such as beta2-agonists are also distinguished from inhaled-steroid reduction.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Medication types, symptom instruments, rescue decisions and records, maintenance-taper criteria, timing, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. No new medication-change or breathing instructions are provided.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction
Materials to obtain first: Medication types, symptom instruments, rescue decisions and records, maintenance-taper criteria, timing, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. No new medication-change or breathing instructions are provided.
Further research: Material needed: Medication types, symptom instruments, rescue decisions and records, maintenance-taper criteria, timing, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. No new medication-change or breathing instructions are provided. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N03 · What were Bowler's rescue-use findings in 39 people at 3 months?

Current findings: Bowler involved 39 people, with 3-month observation in the parent account. Median beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, are retained. The medians are not subtracted into a new between-group effect or used as taper steps.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original arm-specific medication, doses, baseline and follow-up values, estimands, direct CIs, denominators, collection and rescue or taper criteria are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998
Materials to obtain first: Original arm-specific medication, doses, baseline and follow-up values, estimands, direct CIs, denominators, collection and rescue or taper criteria are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original arm-specific medication, doses, baseline and follow-up values, estimands, direct CIs, denominators, collection and rescue or taper criteria are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998 must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998 with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01

N04 · Are Bowler's lung-function, ICS and quality-of-life findings also retained?

Current findings: Null FEV1 and PEF, ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09 in the same original findings are retained. Rescue-use signals are not converted into benefits across maintenance treatment, quality of life and lung function.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Definitions, original values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified hierarchies, multiplicity and estimands for each outcome are needed. Nonsignificance does not certify a precise absence of effect or equivalence.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL
Materials to obtain first: Definitions, original values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified hierarchies, multiplicity and estimands for each outcome are needed. Nonsignificance does not certify a precise absence of effect or equivalence.
Further research: Material needed: Definitions, original values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified hierarchies, multiplicity and estimands for each outcome are needed. Nonsignificance does not certify a precise absence of effect or equivalence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01

N05 · What comparison underlies Cooper's 3-arm symptom changes?

Current findings: This is a 3-arm Buteyko, pranayama and placebo trial, retaining median symptom changes of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003. Exact arm matching, contrasts, measures and CIs need original tables; values are not subtracted into new effects.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original arm tables, symptom instruments and direction, timing, denominators, prespecified contrasts, analyses and direct CIs are needed. The same P value or effect is not copied to every comparator.
Required materials and conditions: Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures
Materials to obtain first: Original arm tables, symptom instruments and direction, timing, denominators, prespecified contrasts, analyses and direct CIs are needed. The same P value or effect is not copied to every comparator.
Further research: Material needed: Original arm tables, symptom instruments and direction, timing, denominators, prespecified contrasts, analyses and direct CIs are needed. The same P value or effect is not copied to every comparator. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R02

N06 · What do Cooper's -2 puffs/day and P=.005 describe?

Current findings: Original bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005, is retained. Absolute arm-specific use, exact contrasts and CIs are absent from the summary; these figures are not personal medication-taper instructions.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Baseline and follow-up medications, devices, rescue conditions, records, direct between-group analyses, denominators and CIs are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator
Materials to obtain first: Baseline and follow-up medications, devices, rescue conditions, records, direct between-group analyses, denominators and CIs are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Baseline and follow-up medications, devices, rescue conditions, records, direct between-group analyses, denominators and CIs are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R02

N07 · Are the symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes distinguished?

Current findings: The parent retains both a positive symptom co-primary and null PD20 airway responsiveness designated alongside it. Symptom signals alone do not certify success across co-primary outcomes or improved airway responsiveness.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original prespecified plans, co-primary success rules, PD20 and symptom values, CIs, denominators and multiplicity hierarchies are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans
Materials to obtain first: Original prespecified plans, co-primary success rules, PD20 and symptom values, CIs, denominators and multiplicity hierarchies are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original prespecified plans, co-primary success rules, PD20 and symptom values, CIs, denominators and multiplicity hierarchies are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R02

N08 · What analyses underlie 90 assigned, 69 completed and 23% attrition?

Current findings: Original evidence records 90 randomized and 69 completed; the bibliography records completers of 69/90 and lack of masking, and the parent records 23% attrition. Attrition is original wording, not recalculated here. Arm-specific outcome denominators are unverified.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Arm-specific allocation, withdrawal reasons, completion, analysis populations, all-assigned and completer analyses, missingness, sensitivity and time-specific denominators are needed. No new attrition counts or proportions are calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording
Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific allocation, withdrawal reasons, completion, analysis populations, all-assigned and completer analyses, missingness, sensitivity and time-specific denominators are needed. No new attrition counts or proportions are calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific allocation, withdrawal reasons, completion, analysis populations, all-assigned and completer analyses, missingness, sensitivity and time-specific denominators are needed. No new attrition counts or proportions are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R02

N09 · What was Cowie's asthma-control primary versus active breathing education?

Current findings: Original null primary findings retain 129 assigned, 119 assessed at 6 months and control of 79% versus 72%, P=.4. They are not combined as identical to asthma-education, usual-care or sham-device comparisons.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Control definitions, arm denominators, active-education content, between-group effects, CIs, baseline adjustment, plans and missingness handling are needed. Original proportions are not subtracted into a new difference.
Required materials and conditions: Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months
Materials to obtain first: Control definitions, arm denominators, active-education content, between-group effects, CIs, baseline adjustment, plans and missingness handling are needed. Original proportions are not subtracted into a new difference.
Further research: Material needed: Control definitions, arm denominators, active-education content, between-group effects, CIs, baseline adjustment, plans and missingness handling are needed. Original proportions are not subtracted into a new difference. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R03

N10 · Are Cowie's sensitivity analysis and secondary ICS findings primary success?

Current findings: Missing-as-failure control of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, and ICS reduction of 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, are retained separately. Secondary ICS findings do not override null primary control or become rescue-bronchodilator reduction values.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Analysis populations, missing-as-failure definitions, arm denominators, taper criteria, clinical review, direct effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchies and multiplicity are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control
Materials to obtain first: Analysis populations, missing-as-failure definitions, arm denominators, taper criteria, clinical review, direct effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchies and multiplicity are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Analysis populations, missing-as-failure definitions, arm denominators, taper criteria, clinical review, direct effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchies and multiplicity are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R03

N11 · Do Vagedes's primary and secondary symptom or medication outcomes in 60 people differ?

Current findings: The primary outcome in the trial of 60 is voluntary control pause; ACQ and medication are secondary. Some signals are distinguished from null FEV1 and FeNO. The limitation that symptoms were not the prespecified primary is retained; the primary is not converted into a clinical symptom effect.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Individual outcomes, instruments, between-group values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified plans, changes and analyses are needed. No new breathing-practice or training instructions are written.
Required materials and conditions: Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes
Materials to obtain first: Individual outcomes, instruments, between-group values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified plans, changes and analyses are needed. No new breathing-practice or training instructions are written.
Further research: Material needed: Individual outcomes, instruments, between-group values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified plans, changes and analyses are needed. No new breathing-practice or training instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R04

N12 · Are post-recruitment registration and historical COI checks treated as current verification?

Current findings: The original summary records registration after recruitment and later registration. Historical full-text checking of detailed COI in the funding field is not new registration or full-text reading or completed verification.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original recruitment dates, registration and changes, protocols, analysis plans, outcome selection, support and COI disclosures are needed. An identifier does not certify prospective planning or independence.
Required materials and conditions: NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording
Materials to obtain first: Original recruitment dates, registration and changes, protocols, analysis plans, outcome selection, support and COI disclosures are needed. An identifier does not certify prospective planning or independence.
Further research: Material needed: Original recruitment dates, registration and changes, protocols, analysis plans, outcome selection, support and COI disclosures are needed. An identifier does not certify prospective planning or independence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R04

N13 · Are different breathing methods or education pooled as Buteyko effects?

Current findings: The account distinguishes comparators and records that general breathing retraining or pranayama findings were not pooled as Buteyko effects. Identical contact, education and training components have not been verified.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Each intervention and comparator's content, intensity, instruction, contact, adherence, common inhaled care and original contrast are needed. No new breathing or education practice instructions are written.
Required materials and conditions: Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care
Materials to obtain first: Each intervention and comparator's content, intensity, instruction, contact, adherence, common inhaled care and original contrast are needed. No new breathing or education practice instructions are written.
Further research: Material needed: Each intervention and comparator's content, intensity, instruction, contact, adherence, common inhaled care and original contrast are needed. No new breathing or education practice instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N14 · Are adult-asthma eligibility, samples and outcome denominators distinguished?

Current findings: The parent scope is adult asthma and the representative population is the initial 39. The 90/69, 129/119 and 60 describe allocation, completion or assessment in individual trials, not common eligibility or rescue-use denominators.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medications, age, comorbidity, exclusions and time- and arm-specific analyses and missingness are needed. Findings are not extended to other populations or acute attacks.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators
Materials to obtain first: Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medications, age, comorbidity, exclusions and time- and arm-specific analyses and missingness are needed. Findings are not extended to other populations or acute attacks.
Further research: Material needed: Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medications, age, comorbidity, exclusions and time- and arm-specific analyses and missingness are needed. Findings are not extended to other populations or acute attacks. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N15 · Are adjunctive training and clinician-reviewed tapering distinguished from isolated breathing effects?

Current findings: Original studies describe training added to standard care and medication reductions under clinical review. Whether less medication use reflects physiological improvement or taper decisions and recording remains unverified in detail.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Arm-specific inhaled treatment, changes, rescue and taper criteria, concurrent education, actual adherence, medication types, original findings and denominators are needed. No new taper, withdrawal or breathing instructions are created.
Required materials and conditions: Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence
Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific inhaled treatment, changes, rescue and taper criteria, concurrent education, actual adherence, medication types, original findings and denominators are needed. No new taper, withdrawal or breathing instructions are created.
Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific inhaled treatment, changes, rescue and taper criteria, concurrent education, actual adherence, medication types, original findings and denominators are needed. No new taper, withdrawal or breathing instructions are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N16 · Are null FEV1, PEF, PD20 and FeNO obscured by symptom signals?

Current findings: Null FEV1, PEF, PD20 and FeNO in original contrary evidence and findings are retained. Symptom or medication signals are not transferred into restored objective airway function, and null findings do not certify a precise absence of effect.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original values, units, between-group effects, CIs, timing, denominators, prespecified plans and links to symptoms for each measure are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use
Materials to obtain first: Original values, units, between-group effects, CIs, timing, denominators, prespecified plans and links to symptoms for each measure are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original values, units, between-group effects, CIs, timing, denominators, prespecified plans and links to symptoms for each measure are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N17 · Does reduced rescue use establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-treatment replacement?

Current findings: Original null exacerbation findings, unproven prevention and supervised medication reduction are retained together. Symptom or rescue-use signals are not extended into asthma cure, exacerbation prevention or inhaler replacement.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Exacerbation definitions, events, exposure, denominators, rescue, emergency care, admission, medication changes, safety, direct effects and CIs are needed. No new treatment or medication-adjustment guidance is created.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care
Materials to obtain first: Exacerbation definitions, events, exposure, denominators, rescue, emergency care, admission, medication changes, safety, direct effects and CIs are needed. No new treatment or medication-adjustment guidance is created.
Further research: Material needed: Exacerbation definitions, events, exposure, denominators, rescue, emergency care, admission, medication changes, safety, direct effects and CIs are needed. No new treatment or medication-adjustment guidance is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N18 · What are the limits of symptom measures, rescue records and lack of masking?

Current findings: The account records difficult participant masking and symptoms not being the later trial's prespecified primary. A blinding label for some trials does not establish that masking of all training or bias in subjective measurements was resolved.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original assessor and participant masking, symptom tools, ACQ, medication diaries, record verification, contact time, withdrawals, missingness and outcome selection are needed. No new official risk-of-bias assessment was performed.
Required materials and conditions: Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting
Materials to obtain first: Original assessor and participant masking, symptom tools, ACQ, medication diaries, record verification, contact time, withdrawals, missingness and outcome selection are needed. No new official risk-of-bias assessment was performed.
Further research: Material needed: Original assessor and participant masking, symptom tools, ACQ, medication diaries, record verification, contact time, withdrawals, missingness and outcome selection are needed. No new official risk-of-bias assessment was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N19 · Are gaps in direct effects, CIs and clinical importance retained?

Current findings: Original findings include some medians, proportions, P values and signal or null narratives. Direct between-group CIs, clinical importance and original values for every arm and time are incomplete; parent precision is CX.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Outcome-specific estimates, CIs, instruments, units, denominators, prespecified criteria, baseline adjustment and patient importance are needed. No new effects or CIs are calculated from medians, proportions or events.
Required materials and conditions: Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision
Materials to obtain first: Outcome-specific estimates, CIs, instruments, units, denominators, prespecified criteria, baseline adjustment and patient importance are needed. No new effects or CIs are calculated from medians, proportions or events.
Further research: Material needed: Outcome-specific estimates, CIs, instruments, units, denominators, prespecified criteria, baseline adjustment and patient importance are needed. No new effects or CIs are calculated from medians, proportions or events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

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N20 · Are consistent directions certified as new independent replications or participant totals?

Current findings: The parent describes symptom or rescue-use signals across periods as a strength while leaving independently funded replication unverified. The parent and subclaims share reports without creating new independence certification or totals.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Links among reports, trials, registration, institutions, recruitment, participants, support, comparators and outcomes are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts
Materials to obtain first: Links among reports, trials, registration, institutions, recruitment, participants, support, comparators and outcomes are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Links among reports, trials, registration, institutions, recruitment, participants, support, comparators and outcomes are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N21 · Are company, donor and institutional support distinguished from design and analysis roles?

Current findings: Bowler and Cooper have funding and COI unverified; Cowie has an anonymous donor and unverified independence; Vagedes retains public or institutional support and historical COI checks. Anonymous or public support alone does not establish independence or absence of company involvement.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Disclosures are needed separately for money and product support, author-company relationships, training provision, design, analysis, publication roles and supporter identities.
Required materials and conditions: Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis
Materials to obtain first: Disclosures are needed separately for money and product support, author-company relationships, training provision, design, analysis, publication roles and supporter identities.
Further research: Material needed: Disclosures are needed separately for money and product support, author-company relationships, training provision, design, analysis, publication roles and supporter identities. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N22 · How are harms, long-term effects and post-discontinuation persistence distinguished?

Current findings: Parent safety wording describes boundaries concerning inhaled treatment, acute attacks and medication changes. Trial-specific harm collection, severity, arm exposure, denominators and post-discontinuation persistence are absent from the summary. Medication-use figures are not new taper methods.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Harm and exacerbation collection, events versus affected participants, severity, timing, exposure, denominators, clinical taper review, vulnerable populations and long follow-up are needed. No new breathing-training, medication-change or treatment guidance is created.
Required materials and conditions: Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up
Materials to obtain first: Harm and exacerbation collection, events versus affected participants, severity, timing, exposure, denominators, clinical taper review, vulnerable populations and long follow-up are needed. No new breathing-training, medication-change or treatment guidance is created.
Further research: Material needed: Harm and exacerbation collection, events versus affected participants, severity, timing, exposure, denominators, clinical taper review, vulnerable populations and long follow-up are needed. No new breathing-training, medication-change or treatment guidance is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N23 · How do subclaim C and the parent's score and axes differ?

Current findings: The selected subclaim has C and no individual score, status or axes. Parent C50, Caution and axes remain parent context without filling in absent subclaim values.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: The parent-subclaim application boundary needs content review. No new grades, clinical statuses, scores or independence certification are created.
Required materials and conditions: Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes
Materials to obtain first: The parent-subclaim application boundary needs content review. No new grades, clinical statuses, scores or independence certification are created.
Further research: Material needed: The parent-subclaim application boundary needs content review. No new grades, clinical statuses, scores or independence certification are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N24 · How does reading a stored summary differ from reading external materials?

Current findings: The complete stored parent summary was used. Historical verification, separation, original-text comparison and cross-checking narratives are not new external reading; abstracts, full texts, registration and plans remain unread in this work.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: External acquisition, actual reading and content review require separate records. URLs, PMCIDs or registration identifiers do not establish reading or completed review.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans
Materials to obtain first: External acquisition, actual reading and content review require separate records. URLs, PMCIDs or registration identifiers do not establish reading or completed review.
Further research: Material needed: External acquisition, actual reading and content review require separate records. URLs, PMCIDs or registration identifiers do not establish reading or completed review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N25 · Are representative language or classification values copied to every report?

Current findings: Parent Korean and English content and classifications are retained. Representative populations, exposure labels or outcomes are not automatically applied as identical denominators, exposures or effects across reports, arms and outcomes.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original populations, training, comparators, outcomes, timing and denominators for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed.
Required materials and conditions: Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing
Materials to obtain first: Original populations, training, comparators, outcomes, timing and denominators for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed.
Further research: Material needed: Original populations, training, comparators, outcomes, timing and denominators for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N26 · Are report or material-slot counts unique trials or quality scores?

Current findings: Report links, local summaries and external material slots form the table's structure. They are not acquired external papers, unique trials, participants, independent replications or quality scores; shared parent and subclaim reports are not summed.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Links among original trials, reports, recruitment and participants, and reading records for acquired materials, are needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading
Materials to obtain first: Links among original trials, reports, recruitment and participants, and reading records for acquired materials, are needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Links among original trials, reports, recruitment and participants, and reading records for acquired materials, are needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N27 · Do original evidence dates, empty correction history and production dates differ?

Current findings: The original cut-off is 2026-09-07, with an empty correction array and empty deliberation string. Production dates are not converted into new evidence-verification dates, and absent correction details are not invented.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes require separate events after preserving complete originals, followed by content review.
Required materials and conditions: Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events
Materials to obtain first: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes require separate events after preserving complete originals, followed by content review.
Further research: Material needed: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes require separate events after preserving complete originals, followed by content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04

N28 · Which items are updated when new materials or questions change?

Current findings: Current originals, conditions and observations are retained. This is not new lookup, calculation or original-verdict change; acquired and reviewed new originals are linked to the corresponding comparison, outcome, denominator, report and subclaim boundary.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained. No new dilution, breathing, procedure, medication-change or treatment instructions are written.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes
Materials to obtain first: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained. No new dilution, breathing, procedure, medication-change or treatment instructions are written.
Further research: Material needed: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained. No new dilution, breathing, procedure, medication-change or treatment instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources R01 R02 R03 R04