# Buteyko for Adult Asthma × Symptoms and Rescue Use — Signals Alongside Null Objective Findings · Evidence and Gaps Sheet Verdict 3007 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-19 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The scope is adult asthma. Bowler's initial 39, Cooper's 90 assigned and 69 completed, Cowie's 129 assigned and 119 assessed, and Vagedes's 60 are original populations from separate trials. Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medication, age, comorbidity and arm-specific outcome denominators are unverified. Representative populations or counts are not copied to every trial or rescue-use outcome, or summed as unique participants. - Ingredient, formulation and route: The selection concerns symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use with Buteyko training added to standard adult-asthma care. General breathing retraining or pranayama findings are not pooled as Buteyko effects. Original clinical review of medication reduction is retained; exact training components, contact, actual participation and common inhaled care are separately unverified. No new breathing-practice, medication-change or treatment instructions are provided. - Dose: The original classification's dose field is a training name rather than quantitative exposure. Exact sessions, practice amounts, instruction, adherence, actual participation and links to medication adjustment are unverified. Study medication-use figures and voluntary control pause measurements are not converted into personal taper steps, breathing instructions or optimal training amounts. - Comparator: Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active physiotherapist-led breathing education and usual care are distinct comparators. The parent's representative active-breathing-education classification is not applied as identical conditions across all reports. Original methods and plans are needed for comparison-specific content, contact time, intensity, concurrent education, common medication, rescue and taper criteria, and adherence. - Measured outcome: The selection is reduced symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use, retaining original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes. Rescue use is distinguished from maintenance inhaled-steroid reduction. Symptom co-primary signals alongside null PD20, null primary control versus active education alongside secondary ICS signals, and the later trial's primary and secondary outcomes are kept separate. Findings are not extended to objective measures such as FEV1, PEF and FeNO, exacerbations or treatment replacement. - Duration: The parent's overall range spans several weeks to 6 months across trials. Bowler's 3 months and Cowie's 6 months are distinguished; original materials are needed for exact timing and denominators of other reports and individual symptom or medication outcomes. The same observation period is not copied to the later trial, nor extended into post-discontinuation persistence, long-term exacerbation prevention or inhaled-treatment replacement. - Questions outside this scope: Perceived symptoms, rescue bronchodilators, maintenance inhaled-steroid reduction, objective airway function and exacerbations are not substituted for one another.; Comparisons with asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care are not pooled as the same effect.; Signals in some co-primary or secondary outcomes are not promoted into success across primary outcomes or prospective confirmation.; Medians, proportions, P values and assigned or completed populations are not used to calculate new differences, CIs, attrition counts or unique participant totals.; Registration identifiers, PMCIDs, historical full-text or COI checks and public support are not used as certification of current reading, prespecification or independent funding.; Symptom or rescue-use signals or null findings are not extended into cure, exacerbation prevention, inhaled-treatment replacement, acute-attack effects or precise equivalence.; Study breathing or medication figures are not converted into personal practice steps, tapering or withdrawal, new treatment or long-term safety guidance. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which symptom and rescue-use question and original verdict are being transferred? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selection is reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use, with original subclaim C. Small-trial signals and limitations in masking and endpoint selection are retained. Lung function, exacerbation prevention and replacement of inhaled treatment are separate questions. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original trials, measures, timing, denominators, between-group estimates and CIs for symptoms and rescue use separately are needed. No new claims or independence certification are created. - Required materials and conditions: Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use - Materials to obtain first: Original trials, measures, timing, denominators, between-group estimates and CIs for symptoms and rescue use separately are needed. No new claims or independence certification are created. - Further research: Material needed: Original trials, measures, timing, denominators, between-group estimates and CIs for symptoms and rescue use separately are needed. No new claims or independence certification are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original claim of reduced asthma symptoms and rescue bronchodilator use with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N02 · Are symptoms, rescue bronchodilator use and inhaled-steroid use the same? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Perceived symptoms and rescue-inhaler use differ from airflow obstruction, airway responsiveness and exacerbations. Rescue bronchodilators such as beta2-agonists are also distinguished from inhaled-steroid reduction. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Medication types, symptom instruments, rescue decisions and records, maintenance-taper criteria, timing, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. No new medication-change or breathing instructions are provided. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction - Materials to obtain first: Medication types, symptom instruments, rescue decisions and records, maintenance-taper criteria, timing, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. No new medication-change or breathing instructions are provided. - Further research: Material needed: Medication types, symptom instruments, rescue decisions and records, maintenance-taper criteria, timing, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. No new medication-change or breathing instructions are provided. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing symptoms, rescue use and maintenance-treatment reduction with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N03 · What were Bowler's rescue-use findings in 39 people at 3 months? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Bowler involved 39 people, with 3-month observation in the parent account. Median beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, are retained. The medians are not subtracted into a new between-group effect or used as taper steps. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original arm-specific medication, doses, baseline and follow-up values, estimands, direct CIs, denominators, collection and rescue or taper criteria are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998 - Materials to obtain first: Original arm-specific medication, doses, baseline and follow-up values, estimands, direct CIs, denominators, collection and rescue or taper criteria are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original arm-specific medication, doses, baseline and follow-up values, estimands, direct CIs, denominators, collection and rescue or taper criteria are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998 must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Units and comparisons for beta2-agonist reduction in 1998 with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N04 · Are Bowler's lung-function, ICS and quality-of-life findings also retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Null FEV1 and PEF, ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09 in the same original findings are retained. Rescue-use signals are not converted into benefits across maintenance treatment, quality of life and lung function. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Definitions, original values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified hierarchies, multiplicity and estimands for each outcome are needed. Nonsignificance does not certify a precise absence of effect or equivalence. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL - Materials to obtain first: Definitions, original values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified hierarchies, multiplicity and estimands for each outcome are needed. Nonsignificance does not certify a precise absence of effect or equivalence. - Further research: Material needed: Definitions, original values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified hierarchies, multiplicity and estimands for each outcome are needed. Nonsignificance does not certify a precise absence of effect or equivalence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing rescue use from FEV1, PEF, ICS and QOL with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N05 · What comparison underlies Cooper's 3-arm symptom changes? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: This is a 3-arm Buteyko, pranayama and placebo trial, retaining median symptom changes of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003. Exact arm matching, contrasts, measures and CIs need original tables; values are not subtracted into new effects. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original arm tables, symptom instruments and direction, timing, denominators, prespecified contrasts, analyses and direct CIs are needed. The same P value or effect is not copied to every comparator. - Required materials and conditions: Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures - Materials to obtain first: Original arm tables, symptom instruments and direction, timing, denominators, prespecified contrasts, analyses and direct CIs are needed. The same P value or effect is not copied to every comparator. - Further research: Material needed: Original arm tables, symptom instruments and direction, timing, denominators, prespecified contrasts, analyses and direct CIs are needed. The same P value or effect is not copied to every comparator. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Symptom medians, 3-arm order, original contrasts and measures with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N06 · What do Cooper's -2 puffs/day and P=.005 describe? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005, is retained. Absolute arm-specific use, exact contrasts and CIs are absent from the summary; these figures are not personal medication-taper instructions. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Baseline and follow-up medications, devices, rescue conditions, records, direct between-group analyses, denominators and CIs are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator - Materials to obtain first: Baseline and follow-up medications, devices, rescue conditions, records, direct between-group analyses, denominators and CIs are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Baseline and follow-up medications, devices, rescue conditions, records, direct between-group analyses, denominators and CIs are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Rescue-bronchodilator units, estimand and denominator with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N07 · Are the symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent retains both a positive symptom co-primary and null PD20 airway responsiveness designated alongside it. Symptom signals alone do not certify success across co-primary outcomes or improved airway responsiveness. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original prespecified plans, co-primary success rules, PD20 and symptom values, CIs, denominators and multiplicity hierarchies are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans - Materials to obtain first: Original prespecified plans, co-primary success rules, PD20 and symptom values, CIs, denominators and multiplicity hierarchies are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original prespecified plans, co-primary success rules, PD20 and symptom values, CIs, denominators and multiplicity hierarchies are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Split co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchies and plans with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N08 · What analyses underlie 90 assigned, 69 completed and 23% attrition? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original evidence records 90 randomized and 69 completed; the bibliography records completers of 69/90 and lack of masking, and the parent records 23% attrition. Attrition is original wording, not recalculated here. Arm-specific outcome denominators are unverified. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific allocation, withdrawal reasons, completion, analysis populations, all-assigned and completer analyses, missingness, sensitivity and time-specific denominators are needed. No new attrition counts or proportions are calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific allocation, withdrawal reasons, completion, analysis populations, all-assigned and completer analyses, missingness, sensitivity and time-specific denominators are needed. No new attrition counts or proportions are calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific allocation, withdrawal reasons, completion, analysis populations, all-assigned and completer analyses, missingness, sensitivity and time-specific denominators are needed. No new attrition counts or proportions are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Cooper completers, denominators and original attrition wording with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N09 · What was Cowie's asthma-control primary versus active breathing education? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original null primary findings retain 129 assigned, 119 assessed at 6 months and control of 79% versus 72%, P=.4. They are not combined as identical to asthma-education, usual-care or sham-device comparisons. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Control definitions, arm denominators, active-education content, between-group effects, CIs, baseline adjustment, plans and missingness handling are needed. Original proportions are not subtracted into a new difference. - Required materials and conditions: Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months - Materials to obtain first: Control definitions, arm denominators, active-education content, between-group effects, CIs, baseline adjustment, plans and missingness handling are needed. Original proportions are not subtracted into a new difference. - Further research: Material needed: Control definitions, arm denominators, active-education content, between-group effects, CIs, baseline adjustment, plans and missingness handling are needed. Original proportions are not subtracted into a new difference. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Active comparison and asthma-control primary at 6 months with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R03 ### N10 · Are Cowie's sensitivity analysis and secondary ICS findings primary success? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Missing-as-failure control of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, and ICS reduction of 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, are retained separately. Secondary ICS findings do not override null primary control or become rescue-bronchodilator reduction values. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Analysis populations, missing-as-failure definitions, arm denominators, taper criteria, clinical review, direct effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchies and multiplicity are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control - Materials to obtain first: Analysis populations, missing-as-failure definitions, arm denominators, taper criteria, clinical review, direct effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchies and multiplicity are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Analysis populations, missing-as-failure definitions, arm denominators, taper criteria, clinical review, direct effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchies and multiplicity are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing missing-as-failure sensitivity, secondary ICS and primary control with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R03 ### N11 · Do Vagedes's primary and secondary symptom or medication outcomes in 60 people differ? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The primary outcome in the trial of 60 is voluntary control pause; ACQ and medication are secondary. Some signals are distinguished from null FEV1 and FeNO. The limitation that symptoms were not the prespecified primary is retained; the primary is not converted into a clinical symptom effect. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Individual outcomes, instruments, between-group values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified plans, changes and analyses are needed. No new breathing-practice or training instructions are written. - Required materials and conditions: Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes - Materials to obtain first: Individual outcomes, instruments, between-group values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified plans, changes and analyses are needed. No new breathing-practice or training instructions are written. - Further research: Material needed: Individual outcomes, instruments, between-group values, CIs, denominators, timing, prespecified plans, changes and analyses are needed. No new breathing-practice or training instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ or medication outcomes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N12 · Are post-recruitment registration and historical COI checks treated as current verification? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original summary records registration after recruitment and later registration. Historical full-text checking of detailed COI in the funding field is not new registration or full-text reading or completed verification. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original recruitment dates, registration and changes, protocols, analysis plans, outcome selection, support and COI disclosures are needed. An identifier does not certify prospective planning or independence. - Required materials and conditions: NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording - Materials to obtain first: Original recruitment dates, registration and changes, protocols, analysis plans, outcome selection, support and COI disclosures are needed. An identifier does not certify prospective planning or independence. - Further research: Material needed: Original recruitment dates, registration and changes, protocols, analysis plans, outcome selection, support and COI disclosures are needed. An identifier does not certify prospective planning or independence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects NCT03098849, later registration and historical full-text-check wording with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N13 · Are different breathing methods or education pooled as Buteyko effects? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The account distinguishes comparators and records that general breathing retraining or pranayama findings were not pooled as Buteyko effects. Identical contact, education and training components have not been verified. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Each intervention and comparator's content, intensity, instruction, contact, adherence, common inhaled care and original contrast are needed. No new breathing or education practice instructions are written. - Required materials and conditions: Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care - Materials to obtain first: Each intervention and comparator's content, intensity, instruction, contact, adherence, common inhaled care and original contrast are needed. No new breathing or education practice instructions are written. - Further research: Material needed: Each intervention and comparator's content, intensity, instruction, contact, adherence, common inhaled care and original contrast are needed. No new breathing or education practice instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active breathing education and usual care with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N14 · Are adult-asthma eligibility, samples and outcome denominators distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent scope is adult asthma and the representative population is the initial 39. The 90/69, 129/119 and 60 describe allocation, completion or assessment in individual trials, not common eligibility or rescue-use denominators. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medications, age, comorbidity, exclusions and time- and arm-specific analyses and missingness are needed. Findings are not extended to other populations or acute attacks. - Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medications, age, comorbidity, exclusions and time- and arm-specific analyses and missingness are needed. Findings are not extended to other populations or acute attacks. - Further research: Material needed: Diagnosis, severity, baseline control, medications, age, comorbidity, exclusions and time- and arm-specific analyses and missingness are needed. Findings are not extended to other populations or acute attacks. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, trial-specific recruitment and denominators with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N15 · Are adjunctive training and clinician-reviewed tapering distinguished from isolated breathing effects? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original studies describe training added to standard care and medication reductions under clinical review. Whether less medication use reflects physiological improvement or taper decisions and recording remains unverified in detail. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific inhaled treatment, changes, rescue and taper criteria, concurrent education, actual adherence, medication types, original findings and denominators are needed. No new taper, withdrawal or breathing instructions are created. - Required materials and conditions: Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific inhaled treatment, changes, rescue and taper criteria, concurrent education, actual adherence, medication types, original findings and denominators are needed. No new taper, withdrawal or breathing instructions are created. - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific inhaled treatment, changes, rescue and taper criteria, concurrent education, actual adherence, medication types, original findings and denominators are needed. No new taper, withdrawal or breathing instructions are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Standard inhaled care, medication adjustments, rescue criteria and adherence with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N16 · Are null FEV1, PEF, PD20 and FeNO obscured by symptom signals? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Null FEV1, PEF, PD20 and FeNO in original contrary evidence and findings are retained. Symptom or medication signals are not transferred into restored objective airway function, and null findings do not certify a precise absence of effect. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original values, units, between-group effects, CIs, timing, denominators, prespecified plans and links to symptoms for each measure are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use - Materials to obtain first: Original values, units, between-group effects, CIs, timing, denominators, prespecified plans and links to symptoms for each measure are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original values, units, between-group effects, CIs, timing, denominators, prespecified plans and links to symptoms for each measure are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing objective physiology from perceived symptoms and medication use with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N17 · Does reduced rescue use establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-treatment replacement? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original null exacerbation findings, unproven prevention and supervised medication reduction are retained together. Symptom or rescue-use signals are not extended into asthma cure, exacerbation prevention or inhaler replacement. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Exacerbation definitions, events, exposure, denominators, rescue, emergency care, admission, medication changes, safety, direct effects and CIs are needed. No new treatment or medication-adjustment guidance is created. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care - Materials to obtain first: Exacerbation definitions, events, exposure, denominators, rescue, emergency care, admission, medication changes, safety, direct effects and CIs are needed. No new treatment or medication-adjustment guidance is created. - Further research: Material needed: Exacerbation definitions, events, exposure, denominators, rescue, emergency care, admission, medication changes, safety, direct effects and CIs are needed. No new treatment or medication-adjustment guidance is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing rescue use, exacerbation events and maintenance inhaled care with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N18 · What are the limits of symptom measures, rescue records and lack of masking? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The account records difficult participant masking and symptoms not being the later trial's prespecified primary. A blinding label for some trials does not establish that masking of all training or bias in subjective measurements was resolved. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original assessor and participant masking, symptom tools, ACQ, medication diaries, record verification, contact time, withdrawals, missingness and outcome selection are needed. No new official risk-of-bias assessment was performed. - Required materials and conditions: Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting - Materials to obtain first: Original assessor and participant masking, symptom tools, ACQ, medication diaries, record verification, contact time, withdrawals, missingness and outcome selection are needed. No new official risk-of-bias assessment was performed. - Further research: Material needed: Original assessor and participant masking, symptom tools, ACQ, medication diaries, record verification, contact time, withdrawals, missingness and outcome selection are needed. No new official risk-of-bias assessment was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Measurement, expectations, education, contact and selective reporting with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N19 · Are gaps in direct effects, CIs and clinical importance retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original findings include some medians, proportions, P values and signal or null narratives. Direct between-group CIs, clinical importance and original values for every arm and time are incomplete; parent precision is CX. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Outcome-specific estimates, CIs, instruments, units, denominators, prespecified criteria, baseline adjustment and patient importance are needed. No new effects or CIs are calculated from medians, proportions or events. - Required materials and conditions: Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision - Materials to obtain first: Outcome-specific estimates, CIs, instruments, units, denominators, prespecified criteria, baseline adjustment and patient importance are needed. No new effects or CIs are calculated from medians, proportions or events. - Further research: Material needed: Outcome-specific estimates, CIs, instruments, units, denominators, prespecified criteria, baseline adjustment and patient importance are needed. No new effects or CIs are calculated from medians, proportions or events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct symptom and rescue-use effects and original precision with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N20 · Are consistent directions certified as new independent replications or participant totals? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent describes symptom or rescue-use signals across periods as a strength while leaving independently funded replication unverified. The parent and subclaims share reports without creating new independence certification or totals. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Links among reports, trials, registration, institutions, recruitment, participants, support, comparators and outcomes are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts - Materials to obtain first: Links among reports, trials, registration, institutions, recruitment, participants, support, comparators and outcomes are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Links among reports, trials, registration, institutions, recruitment, participants, support, comparators and outcomes are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Linking institutions, funding, reports, recruitment and cohorts with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N21 · Are company, donor and institutional support distinguished from design and analysis roles? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Bowler and Cooper have funding and COI unverified; Cowie has an anonymous donor and unverified independence; Vagedes retains public or institutional support and historical COI checks. Anonymous or public support alone does not establish independence or absence of company involvement. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Disclosures are needed separately for money and product support, author-company relationships, training provision, design, analysis, publication roles and supporter identities. - Required materials and conditions: Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis - Materials to obtain first: Disclosures are needed separately for money and product support, author-company relationships, training provision, design, analysis, publication roles and supporter identities. - Further research: Material needed: Disclosures are needed separately for money and product support, author-company relationships, training provision, design, analysis, publication roles and supporter identities. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Money, products, author affiliations, training provision, design and analysis with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N22 · How are harms, long-term effects and post-discontinuation persistence distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Parent safety wording describes boundaries concerning inhaled treatment, acute attacks and medication changes. Trial-specific harm collection, severity, arm exposure, denominators and post-discontinuation persistence are absent from the summary. Medication-use figures are not new taper methods. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Harm and exacerbation collection, events versus affected participants, severity, timing, exposure, denominators, clinical taper review, vulnerable populations and long follow-up are needed. No new breathing-training, medication-change or treatment guidance is created. - Required materials and conditions: Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up - Materials to obtain first: Harm and exacerbation collection, events versus affected participants, severity, timing, exposure, denominators, clinical taper review, vulnerable populations and long follow-up are needed. No new breathing-training, medication-change or treatment guidance is created. - Further research: Material needed: Harm and exacerbation collection, events versus affected participants, severity, timing, exposure, denominators, clinical taper review, vulnerable populations and long follow-up are needed. No new breathing-training, medication-change or treatment guidance is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Medication-taper and exacerbation harms, exposure, denominators and follow-up with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N23 · How do subclaim C and the parent's score and axes differ? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selected subclaim has C and no individual score, status or axes. Parent C50, Caution and axes remain parent context without filling in absent subclaim values. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: The parent-subclaim application boundary needs content review. No new grades, clinical statuses, scores or independence certification are created. - Required materials and conditions: Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes - Materials to obtain first: The parent-subclaim application boundary needs content review. No new grades, clinical statuses, scores or independence certification are created. - Further research: Material needed: The parent-subclaim application boundary needs content review. No new grades, clinical statuses, scores or independence certification are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original subclaim grade and absent individual score, status and axes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N24 · How does reading a stored summary differ from reading external materials? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The complete stored parent summary was used. Historical verification, separation, original-text comparison and cross-checking narratives are not new external reading; abstracts, full texts, registration and plans remain unread in this work. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: External acquisition, actual reading and content review require separate records. URLs, PMCIDs or registration identifiers do not establish reading or completed review. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans - Materials to obtain first: External acquisition, actual reading and content review require separate records. URLs, PMCIDs or registration identifiers do not establish reading or completed review. - Further research: Material needed: External acquisition, actual reading and content review require separate records. URLs, PMCIDs or registration identifiers do not establish reading or completed review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N25 · Are representative language or classification values copied to every report? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Parent Korean and English content and classifications are retained. Representative populations, exposure labels or outcomes are not automatically applied as identical denominators, exposures or effects across reports, arms and outcomes. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original populations, training, comparators, outcomes, timing and denominators for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed. - Required materials and conditions: Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing - Materials to obtain first: Original populations, training, comparators, outcomes, timing and denominators for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed. - Further research: Material needed: Original populations, training, comparators, outcomes, timing and denominators for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Scope of parent Korean and English content, interventions, populations, comparisons and timing with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N26 · Are report or material-slot counts unique trials or quality scores? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Report links, local summaries and external material slots form the table's structure. They are not acquired external papers, unique trials, participants, independent replications or quality scores; shared parent and subclaim reports are not summed. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Links among original trials, reports, recruitment and participants, and reading records for acquired materials, are needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading - Materials to obtain first: Links among original trials, reports, recruitment and participants, and reading records for acquired materials, are needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Links among original trials, reports, recruitment and participants, and reading records for acquired materials, are needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing production structure, clinical units and actual reading with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N27 · Do original evidence dates, empty correction history and production dates differ? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original cut-off is 2026-09-07, with an empty correction array and empty deliberation string. Production dates are not converted into new evidence-verification dates, and absent correction details are not invented. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes require separate events after preserving complete originals, followed by content review. - Required materials and conditions: Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events - Materials to obtain first: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes require separate events after preserving complete originals, followed by content review. - Further research: Material needed: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes require separate events after preserving complete originals, followed by content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and creation events with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N28 · Which items are updated when new materials or questions change? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Current originals, conditions and observations are retained. This is not new lookup, calculation or original-verdict change; acquired and reviewed new originals are linked to the corresponding comparison, outcome, denominator, report and subclaim boundary. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained. No new dilution, breathing, procedure, medication-change or treatment instructions are written. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes - Materials to obtain first: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained. No new dilution, breathing, procedure, medication-change or treatment instructions are written. - Further research: Material needed: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained. No new dilution, breathing, procedure, medication-change or treatment instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes must be linked to the relevant trial's population, comparator, symptom and medication outcomes, timing and denominators, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details, primary versus secondary outcomes and other clinical questions. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing condition revisions, evidence updates and original-verdict changes with populations, interventions, comparators, medication types, measures, co-primary and secondary outcomes, timing, denominators, precision, support and harms for the selected symptom-and-rescue-use question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim C and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, objective lung function and exacerbations are distinguished without combining comparators, co-primary and secondary outcomes, denominators or times. Unread registration or originals and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing practice, medication changes or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim C, its explanation and gaps in exact comparisons, measures, denominators, direct effects, CIs and prespecified plans are retained. Historical verification, support, COI checks or blinding labels do not establish current original-material reading, independence, clinical efficacy or safety certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA. Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 1998;169:575-578. PMID: 9887897. DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9887897/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: Median beta2-agonist reduction 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002; FEV1 and PEF null; ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09 Record level: These are 3-month findings in 39 adults with asthma in 1998. Median beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, are distinguished from null FEV1 and PEF, ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09. Median differences, direct CIs and arm-specific outcome denominators are not newly calculated; a blinding label does not establish completed review of all measurement bias. Independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. | ### R02 Cooper S, Oborne J, Newton S, et al. Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2003;58:674-679. PMID: 12885982. PMCID: PMC1746772. DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12885982/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: Median symptom change -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003; bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005; objective outcomes, exacerbations, and ICS null Record level: The 2003 trial retains 3 arms, 90 assigned, 69 completed and the parent's 23% attrition wording. Symptoms of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003, and bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005, are retained while exact arm matching, contrasts and direct CIs remain unverified. Symptom co-primary signals are distinguished from null PD20, FEV1, exacerbations and ICS. Independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. | ### R03 Cowie RL, Conley DP, Underwood MF, Reader PG. A randomised controlled trial of the Buteyko technique as an adjunct to conventional management of asthma. Respir Med. 2008;102:726-732. PMID: 18249107. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18249107/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: Control 79% versus 72%, P=.4; missing-as-failure 68% versus 70%, P=.7; ICS reduction 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02 Record level: The 2008 active-breathing-education comparison retains 129 assigned and 119 assessed at 6 months. Control of 79% versus 72%, P=.4, and missing-as-failure sensitivity of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, are null; ICS reduction of 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, is a separate secondary outcome. It is not reassigned as rescue-use values or success on primary control. Independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Primary control, sensitivity, secondary ICS and clinical taper review are distinguished; detailed support roles and arm-specific withdrawals are unverified. | ### R04 Vagedes K, et al. Buteyko breathing technique for asthma: an effective intervention. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29:42. PMID: 38212823. PMCID: PMC10782792. DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1. NCT03098849. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38212823/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: 1st and some 2nd outcome signals; FEV1 and FeNO null, registered after recruitment began Record level: This is the 2024 trial in 60 adults. The 1st outcome, voluntary control pause, and some 2nd-outcome ACQ or medication signals are distinguished from null FEV1 and FeNO. NCT03098849 registration after recruitment and historical support or COI checks are original records, not current registration or full-text reading or confirmation of symptoms as a prespecified primary outcome. Independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. The original strength of symptom or rescue-use signals across periods is retained alongside unverified independently funded replication. Details linking reports, populations, registration, support, comparators and outcomes are unverified; unique trials, participants and independent-replication totals are not summed or newly certified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-19 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 28 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.