Laughter Yoga × Treatment of Depressive or Anxiety Disorders · Evidence and Gaps Sheet

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhat are the selected treatment question and original verdict?Required	The selection is treatment of depressive or anxiety disorders, and the original subclaim verdict is '?'. The original explanation that the main populations were healthy students and nurses, not patients in diagnosed-disorder treatment trials, is retained. Parent C50 concerns nonclinical stress. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	The existing subclaim, verdict and explanation versus parent stress context	Material needed: The selection has no separate score, status or assessment axes. '?' is not replaced with another grade or the parent score. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionHow do diagnosed patients differ from nonclinical samples?Required	The original explanation lists nonclinical studies in 120 healthy university students, 75/83 nursing students and 70 psychiatric nurses, distinguishing them from treatment trials in psychiatric patients. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Diagnosis, eligibility, baseline severity and patient denominators	Material needed: Diagnosis, eligibility, severity and direct treatment denominators for the selected disorders are unlinked in current stored material. Working in psychiatry or having measured mental symptoms is not converted into a diagnosed-patient population. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionWere treatment outcomes for each disorder verified?Required	The Korean selection lists depression and anxiety disorders in parallel, while the original English wording is depressive or anxiety disorders. S03	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Diagnosis-specific treatment aims, symptoms, remission, function and relapse definitions	Material needed: Direct treatment outcomes, remission, function and prespecified assessment instruments for each diagnosis are unverified. General mental-symptom results do not fill these gaps. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionWas the combined program evaluated as treatment in diagnosed patients?Required	The original laughter-yoga program includes clapping, breathing, movement and group participation. This sheet does not provide yoga or mental-health treatment methods. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Program components, existing treatment, instructors, exposure and adherence	Material needed: The relevant intervention, existing treatment, actual exposure, adherence and evaluation for treatment purposes in diagnosed patients are unlinked in current stored material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionAre parent controls controls for disorder treatment?Required	The parent explanation retains no-intervention controls, insufficient active social controls and combined effects as limitations. Fujisawa's humorous video and reading are separate acute nonclinical comparators. S01 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Treatment comparators, active social controls and matched contact and expectations	Material needed: Treatment comparators, contact, expectations and concurrent-treatment correspondence in diagnosed patients are unverified. Video findings are not reassigned as confirmation of disorder treatment. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionAre PSS, GHQ and burnout findings diagnosed-treatment outcomes?Required	Original parent results are retained: 70 participants, all completing at 35 versus 35, PSS/GHQ/burnout after 8 sessions, and PSS F(1,68)=251.56, P<.001, partial eta-squared=.787. S01	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Nonclinical nurses' stress measures versus diagnosed-disorder treatment	Material needed: These values are not used as depression/anxiety treatment effects, remission or patient denominators. Psychiatric nurses are not psychiatric patients. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionWhat context do well-being, PSS and conflicting statistics provide?Required	The original account retains 83 analyzed, 41 versus 42, coexisting abstract between-arm null and main-text multivariate F=10.69, P<.001, and retrospective registration. S02	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Nonclinical endpoints, abstract/main-text tests and prespecification	Material needed: The conflict is not newly resolved or reassigned as a disorder-treatment effect. The relevant diagnoses and direct outcomes are unlinked in the current stored summary. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionDoes a positive mental-symptom result establish treatment effects in diagnosed patients?Required	Positive mental-symptom findings in 75 first-year nursing students are retained separately from mixed cortisol findings. S03	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Mental-symptom instruments, populations and evaluation for treatment purposes	Material needed: Positive mental-symptom findings are not converted into depression/anxiety diagnosis, treatment effects or remission. Instruments, original estimates and diagnostic data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionDo cortisol and DHEA establish disorder treatment?Required	Ozturk's between-arm cortisol positivity in 3 of 8 sessions and Fujisawa's time change, video-related change and null DHEA finding are retained. S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Separate evidence for biomarkers, symptoms and diagnosed-disorder treatment	Material needed: Biomarker changes are not reassigned as depression treatment, anxiety-disorder remission or confirmation of mechanism. Direct outcomes for the selected treatment are unverified in current material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionWere allocation and blinding for the selected treatment verified?Required	Randomized designs in the 4 reports and parent concerns about lack of blinding and combined instructor/assessor roles are preserved as nonclinical research context. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Diagnosed-patient allocation, concealment, independent assessment and analysis roles	Material needed: Allocation, concealment, assessor blinding and diagnostic/outcome assessment data for the selected treatment are unlinked in current material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionAre nonclinical samples used as treatment-analysis denominators?Required	The respective nonclinical labels are retained: all 70 completing, 83 analyzed, and total samples of 75 and 120. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Diagnosed-patient allocation, completion, analysis and missing-data handling	Material needed: These counts are not used as disorder-treatment denominators. Direct-treatment analysis populations, missingness, baseline adjustment and repeated-data models are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionCan treatment effects, confidence intervals and clinical meaning be determined?Required	The original selected verdict '?' and explanation that these were not diagnosed-patient treatment trials are retained. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Diagnosis-specific between-arm effects, response, remission, function and sample planning	Material needed: Direct clinical effects, confidence intervals, response, remission, clinical-importance criteria and sample plans are unverified in current material. No new effects, intervals or grades are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionDoes nonclinical registration establish prespecification for the selected treatment?Required	Original records are retained: Bilgihan's NCT07015372 schedule-consistency concerns, Yaş's retrospective NCT06175936 registration, Fujisawa's UMIN000019409 and Ozturk's unverified registration. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Each registration versus diagnosed-treatment plans	Material needed: Registration originals, protocols and analysis plans are unread and do not substitute for prespecification of the selected disorder treatment. Identifiers alone do not certify prespecification or treatment evidence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionIs program duration a psychiatric-treatment duration?Required	The original explanation records single-exposure, 5-week or 8-session nonclinical programs. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Diagnosed-treatment duration, persistence and function/relapse follow-up	Material needed: These are not reassigned as psychiatric-treatment duration or dose. Long-term treatment, relapse, function and persistence after discontinuation are unlinked in current material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionWhat about existing mental-health treatment and concurrent factors?Supplementary	Combined social-participation and breathing effects in nonclinical groups provide parent-explanation context. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Existing treatment, changes, concurrent treatment and attribution of combined effects	Material needed: Direct-treatment medication, counseling, concurrent treatment, changes, adherence and lifestyle factors are unverified. No new instructions to replace or discontinue existing treatment are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionAre shared reports independent replications of disorder treatment?Required	The 4 reports are shared with the cortisol sheet, but are not counted as new independent trials. Agreement in nonclinical symptom direction is not converted into replicated confirmation of disorder treatment. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Nonclinical reports and cohorts versus direct diagnosed-patient treatment trials	Material needed: Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals are unverified; direct diagnosed-treatment material is unlinked in current records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionWhat do support declarations and instructor/assessor roles establish?Required	Bilgihan's declaration of no external funding or conflicts is retained alongside combined instructor/assessor roles. S01	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	External funding, conflicts, training support and author/assessor roles	Material needed: Declarations are not promoted to absence of all support, independent confirmation or completed current external comparison. Support evidence for the selected treatment is also unverified in current material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionWere funding, support and conflicts in other reports verified?Required	The original record that funding in Yaş, Ozturk and Fujisawa was unable to be verified is retained. S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Report-specific funding, training support, employee authors and conflicts	Material needed: Evidence does not establish absence of support, independence, absence of employee authors or absence of conflicts. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about the selected treatment's safety and missingness?Supplementary	Original parent Unknown safety and insufficient arm-specific adverse-event and long-term safety numbers are retained. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Diagnosed-patient harms, discontinuation, denominators, collection and timing	Material needed: Diagnosed-patient harms evidence is unlinked in current material. Nonclinical completion, measures and biomarkers are not converted into treatment safety. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionWhat are the boundaries for long-term harms, vulnerable populations, alternative causes and guidance?Supplementary	The parent safety explanation is retained as historical context, with no new yoga or mental-health treatment instructions. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Diagnosis-specific long-term harms, concurrent exposure and alternative causes	Material needed: Diagnosis-specific long-term and vulnerable-population evidence, treatment-change-related harms and alternative causes are unverified. Unknown is not converted into safe or no events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionHow are original languages, '?' verdict, parent axes and history retained?Required	Parent C50, unspecified precision, Korean/English originals, evidence date 2026-09-07, an empty corrections list and empty deliberation are retained. Selected '?', the original explanation and absent separate score, status and axes are preserved. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Separate preservation of parent/subclaim structures, wording and dates	Material needed: Cortisol explanatory numbers, parent scores and axes and historical review are not inherited as new disorder-treatment values, current review or certification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionWhat was actually read from stored summaries and external materials?Required	The complete stored parent summary and bibliography were read for this production. Material links, summary reading and unread external materials are distinguished. S01 S02 S03 S04	Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Report-specific originals, registration, plans, support and material-link status	Material needed: External papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support originals were unread and access was not attempted. URLs and historical verification statements are not promoted to current external reading or content verification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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22 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: The selection concerns treatment in patients with diagnosed depressive or anxiety disorders. The 4 currently preserved reports provide nonclinical context involving 120 healthy university students, nursing-student samples of 75 and 83, and 70 psychiatric nurses; they are not linked as direct treatment trials in patients with the selected diagnoses. Psychiatric nurses are an occupational sample. Diagnoses, eligibility, severity and patient denominators are unverified.
Ingredient, formulation and route: The parent program combines laughter, clapping, breathing, movement and group participation. Corresponding treatment aims, existing and concurrent treatments, instructors, actual exposure and adherence in diagnosed patients are unlinked in current material. Nonclinical programs are not reassigned as diagnosed-disorder treatment, and no new yoga, mental-health treatment or existing-treatment-change methods are provided.
Dose: Single-exposure, 5-week or 8-session programs and the parent program of 8 sessions of 30 minutes are nonclinical research observation conditions. They are not converted into psychiatric-treatment doses or individual practice methods. Actual intervention exposure, concurrent treatment, participation and adherence for the selected diagnoses are unverified.
Comparator: Parent no-intervention controls and insufficient active social controls, and Fujisawa's humorous video and reading, provide nonclinical context. Treatment comparators, active comparisons, concurrent treatment, contact and expectations in diagnosed patients are unverified. Video, breathing and social-participation findings are not converted into direct comparisons of diagnosed-disorder treatment.
Measured outcome: The selection is treatment of depressive or anxiety disorders, preserving the original English "or" wording. Original subclaim verdict '?' and absent separate score, status and assessment axes are retained. PSS, GHQ, burnout, well-being, self-efficacy, mental symptoms, cortisol and DHEA are not reassigned as direct diagnosed-treatment, remission, response, function or relapse outcomes. Corresponding direct outcomes are unlinked in current stored material.
Duration: Treatment duration, persistence, function, relapse and post-discontinuation follow-up for the selected diagnoses are unlinked in current material. Parent-program observation periods are distinguished from diagnosed-treatment follow-up. Short-term nonclinical symptom and biomarker results are not extended to long-term treatment or remission.
Questions outside this scope: Healthy student/nurse samples and psychiatric-workplace samples are not converted into patients diagnosed with depressive or anxiety disorders.; Self-reported stress, mental-symptom and well-being findings are not reassigned as diagnosed-treatment, remission, function or relapse outcomes.; Mixed cortisol/DHEA findings are not promoted to disorder treatment or confirmation of mechanism.; Parent-program exposure periods, frequencies and components are not converted into individual psychiatric-treatment doses.; Original '?' and absent separate score, status and axes are not filled with other grades, parent values or numbers from another subclaim explanation.; Sharing the same reports/cohorts across sheets does not create new independent trial, patient or event totals.; Nonclinical completion, measures and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed-treatment safety or absence of long-term harms.; No new yoga, mental-health treatment or methods to replace or discontinue existing treatment are provided.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

S01 · Bilgihan S, Dost A. The effect of laughter yoga on the general health status, perceived stress and burnout levels of psychiatric nurses: a randomized controlled study. Discover Psychology. 2026;6:200. DOI: 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4.

Official source

Material type: Randomized controlled trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: PSS group-by-time F(1,68)=251.56, P<.001, partial eta-squared .787; trial and registration dates raised timing concerns
Record level: Nonclinical stress context: 70 psychiatric nurses, all completing at 35 versus 35, with PSS/GHQ/burnout after 8 sessions. Psychiatric nurses are not a diagnosed-patient sample; these statistics, denominators and durations are not reassigned as depression/anxiety treatment or remission.
Study overlap and independent replication: The parent and perceived-stress, cortisol and diagnosed-treatment questions share the four original reports. All four currently preserved reports provide nonclinical context and are not linked as direct treatment trials in patients with the selected diagnoses. Report-specific groups are retained, but unique trial, participant, independent-replication and event totals are unverified. Sheets, arms and sessions are not added as new treatment confirmation.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. No-external-funding/COI declarations and combined instructor/assessor roles provide nonclinical parent context, not current full-text/registration verification or certification of diagnosed-treatment evidence.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. No-external-funding/COI declarations and combined instructor/assessor roles provide nonclinical parent context, not current full-text/registration verification or certification of diagnosed-treatment evidence.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. No-external-funding/COI declarations and combined instructor/assessor roles provide nonclinical parent context, not current full-text/registration verification or certification of diagnosed-treatment evidence.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. No-external-funding/COI declarations and combined instructor/assessor roles provide nonclinical parent context, not current full-text/registration verification or certification of diagnosed-treatment evidence.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. No-external-funding/COI declarations and combined instructor/assessor roles provide nonclinical parent context, not current full-text/registration verification or certification of diagnosed-treatment evidence.
Funding, product-support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. No-external-funding/COI declarations and combined instructor/assessor roles provide nonclinical parent context, not current full-text/registration verification or certification of diagnosed-treatment evidence.

S02 · Yaş MA, et al. The effect of laughter yoga on well-being, perceived stress, and academic self-efficacy in nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2025;17:e12610. PMID: 39415513. PMCID: PMC11635907. DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12610.

PubMed

Material type: Randomized controlled trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: A null between-group abstract statement coexisted with a multivariate interaction F=10.69, P<.001; registration was retrospective
Record level: Nonclinical well-being, PSS and self-efficacy context: 83 nursing students analyzed, 41 versus 42. Abstract between-arm null, main-text multivariate interaction and retrospective-registration statements are retained together. The conflict is not newly resolved or converted into a selected-disorder treatment effect.
Study overlap and independent replication: The parent and perceived-stress, cortisol and diagnosed-treatment questions share the four original reports. All four currently preserved reports provide nonclinical context and are not linked as direct treatment trials in patients with the selected diagnoses. Report-specific groups are retained, but unique trial, participant, independent-replication and event totals are unverified. Sheets, arms and sessions are not added as new treatment confirmation.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610 and NCT06175936. Abstract/main-text conflict and retrospective registration are original narratives, not newly resolved. Support is unverified; these are not direct materials for treatment of the selected diagnoses.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610 and NCT06175936. Abstract/main-text conflict and retrospective registration are original narratives, not newly resolved. Support is unverified; these are not direct materials for treatment of the selected diagnoses.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610 and NCT06175936. Abstract/main-text conflict and retrospective registration are original narratives, not newly resolved. Support is unverified; these are not direct materials for treatment of the selected diagnoses.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610 and NCT06175936. Abstract/main-text conflict and retrospective registration are original narratives, not newly resolved. Support is unverified; these are not direct materials for treatment of the selected diagnoses.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610 and NCT06175936. Abstract/main-text conflict and retrospective registration are original narratives, not newly resolved. Support is unverified; these are not direct materials for treatment of the selected diagnoses.
Funding, product-support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610 and NCT06175936. Abstract/main-text conflict and retrospective registration are original narratives, not newly resolved. Support is unverified; these are not direct materials for treatment of the selected diagnoses.

S03 · Ozturk FO, Tezel A. Effect of laughter yoga on mental symptoms and salivary cortisol levels in first-year nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract. 2021;27:e12924. PMID: 33580606. DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12924.

PubMed

Material type: Eight-session randomized controlled trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Mental symptoms favored intervention; cortisol was between-group positive in only 3 of 8 sessions
Record level: Nonclinical mental-symptom and cortisol context: 75 first-year nursing students over 8 sessions, with between-arm cortisol positivity in 3 of 8 sessions. Positive mental symptoms and session-specific biomarkers are distinguished and not reassigned as diagnosis, treatment or remission. Direct-treatment instruments, effects, CIs and patient denominators are unverified.
Study overlap and independent replication: The parent and perceived-stress, cortisol and diagnosed-treatment questions share the four original reports. All four currently preserved reports provide nonclinical context and are not linked as direct treatment trials in patients with the selected diagnoses. Report-specific groups are retained, but unique trial, participant, independent-replication and event totals are unverified. Sheets, arms and sessions are not added as new treatment confirmation.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration and support are unverified. Nonclinical mental symptoms and session-specific cortisol are not reassigned as diagnosed-disorder treatment; external originals and plans were unread in this work.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration and support are unverified. Nonclinical mental symptoms and session-specific cortisol are not reassigned as diagnosed-disorder treatment; external originals and plans were unread in this work.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration and support are unverified. Nonclinical mental symptoms and session-specific cortisol are not reassigned as diagnosed-disorder treatment; external originals and plans were unread in this work.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration and support are unverified. Nonclinical mental symptoms and session-specific cortisol are not reassigned as diagnosed-disorder treatment; external originals and plans were unread in this work.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration and support are unverified. Nonclinical mental symptoms and session-specific cortisol are not reassigned as diagnosed-disorder treatment; external originals and plans were unread in this work.
Funding, product-support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration and support are unverified. Nonclinical mental symptoms and session-specific cortisol are not reassigned as diagnosed-disorder treatment; external originals and plans were unread in this work.

S04 · Fujisawa A, et al. Effect of laughter yoga on salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone among healthy university students: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;32:6-11. PMID: 30057059. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005.

PubMed

Material type: Three-arm laughter-yoga, humorous-video, and reading randomized trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Cortisol changed over time, humorous video also changed it, and DHEA was null
Record level: Acute 3-arm laughter-yoga, video and reading comparison in 120 healthy university students. Original cortisol change over time, change with video and null DHEA findings are retained. Acute biomarker comparisons are not converted into diagnosed-patient treatment, long-term remission or confirmation of mechanism.
Study overlap and independent replication: The parent and perceived-stress, cortisol and diagnosed-treatment questions share the four original reports. All four currently preserved reports provide nonclinical context and are not linked as direct treatment trials in patients with the selected diagnoses. Report-specific groups are retained, but unique trial, participant, independent-replication and event totals are unverified. Sheets, arms and sessions are not added as new treatment confirmation.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. UMIN is not relabeled as NCT, and acute comparisons/identifiers are not treated as diagnosed-treatment evidence or current registration-content verification.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. UMIN is not relabeled as NCT, and acute comparisons/identifiers are not treated as diagnosed-treatment evidence or current registration-content verification.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. UMIN is not relabeled as NCT, and acute comparisons/identifiers are not treated as diagnosed-treatment evidence or current registration-content verification.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. UMIN is not relabeled as NCT, and acute comparisons/identifiers are not treated as diagnosed-treatment evidence or current registration-content verification.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. UMIN is not relabeled as NCT, and acute comparisons/identifiers are not treated as diagnosed-treatment evidence or current registration-content verification.
Funding, product-support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. UMIN is not relabeled as NCT, and acute comparisons/identifiers are not treated as diagnosed-treatment evidence or current registration-content verification.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The parent and perceived-stress, cortisol and diagnosed-treatment questions share the four original reports. All four currently preserved reports provide nonclinical context and are not linked as direct treatment trials in patients with the selected diagnoses. Report-specific groups are retained, but unique trial, participant, independent-replication and event totals are unverified. Sheets, arms and sessions are not added as new treatment confirmation.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · What are the selected treatment question and original verdict?

Required materials and conditions: The existing subclaim, verdict and explanation versus parent stress context
Conditions for verification: Material for The existing subclaim, verdict and explanation versus parent stress context must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects The existing subclaim, verdict and explanation versus parent stress context with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N02 · How do diagnosed patients differ from nonclinical samples?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, eligibility, baseline severity and patient denominators
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosis, eligibility, baseline severity and patient denominators must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis, eligibility, baseline severity and patient denominators with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N03 · Were treatment outcomes for each disorder verified?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis-specific treatment aims, symptoms, remission, function and relapse definitions
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosis-specific treatment aims, symptoms, remission, function and relapse definitions must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis-specific treatment aims, symptoms, remission, function and relapse definitions with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N04 · Was the combined program evaluated as treatment in diagnosed patients?

Required materials and conditions: Program components, existing treatment, instructors, exposure and adherence
Conditions for verification: Material for Program components, existing treatment, instructors, exposure and adherence must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Program components, existing treatment, instructors, exposure and adherence with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N05 · Are parent controls controls for disorder treatment?

Required materials and conditions: Treatment comparators, active social controls and matched contact and expectations
Conditions for verification: Material for Treatment comparators, active social controls and matched contact and expectations must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Treatment comparators, active social controls and matched contact and expectations with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N06 · Are PSS, GHQ and burnout findings diagnosed-treatment outcomes?

Required materials and conditions: Nonclinical nurses' stress measures versus diagnosed-disorder treatment
Conditions for verification: Material for Nonclinical nurses' stress measures versus diagnosed-disorder treatment must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Nonclinical nurses' stress measures versus diagnosed-disorder treatment with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N07 · What context do well-being, PSS and conflicting statistics provide?

Required materials and conditions: Nonclinical endpoints, abstract/main-text tests and prespecification
Conditions for verification: Material for Nonclinical endpoints, abstract/main-text tests and prespecification must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Nonclinical endpoints, abstract/main-text tests and prespecification with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N08 · Does a positive mental-symptom result establish treatment effects in diagnosed patients?

Required materials and conditions: Mental-symptom instruments, populations and evaluation for treatment purposes
Conditions for verification: Material for Mental-symptom instruments, populations and evaluation for treatment purposes must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Mental-symptom instruments, populations and evaluation for treatment purposes with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N09 · Do cortisol and DHEA establish disorder treatment?

Required materials and conditions: Separate evidence for biomarkers, symptoms and diagnosed-disorder treatment
Conditions for verification: Material for Separate evidence for biomarkers, symptoms and diagnosed-disorder treatment must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate evidence for biomarkers, symptoms and diagnosed-disorder treatment with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N10 · Were allocation and blinding for the selected treatment verified?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed-patient allocation, concealment, independent assessment and analysis roles
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosed-patient allocation, concealment, independent assessment and analysis roles must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosed-patient allocation, concealment, independent assessment and analysis roles with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N11 · Are nonclinical samples used as treatment-analysis denominators?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed-patient allocation, completion, analysis and missing-data handling
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosed-patient allocation, completion, analysis and missing-data handling must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosed-patient allocation, completion, analysis and missing-data handling with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N12 · Can treatment effects, confidence intervals and clinical meaning be determined?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis-specific between-arm effects, response, remission, function and sample planning
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosis-specific between-arm effects, response, remission, function and sample planning must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis-specific between-arm effects, response, remission, function and sample planning with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N13 · Does nonclinical registration establish prespecification for the selected treatment?

Required materials and conditions: Each registration versus diagnosed-treatment plans
Conditions for verification: Material for Each registration versus diagnosed-treatment plans must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Each registration versus diagnosed-treatment plans with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N14 · Is program duration a psychiatric-treatment duration?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed-treatment duration, persistence and function/relapse follow-up
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosed-treatment duration, persistence and function/relapse follow-up must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosed-treatment duration, persistence and function/relapse follow-up with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N15 · What about existing mental-health treatment and concurrent factors?

Required materials and conditions: Existing treatment, changes, concurrent treatment and attribution of combined effects
Conditions for verification: Material for Existing treatment, changes, concurrent treatment and attribution of combined effects must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Existing treatment, changes, concurrent treatment and attribution of combined effects with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N16 · Are shared reports independent replications of disorder treatment?

Required materials and conditions: Nonclinical reports and cohorts versus direct diagnosed-patient treatment trials
Conditions for verification: Material for Nonclinical reports and cohorts versus direct diagnosed-patient treatment trials must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Nonclinical reports and cohorts versus direct diagnosed-patient treatment trials with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N17 · What do support declarations and instructor/assessor roles establish?

Required materials and conditions: External funding, conflicts, training support and author/assessor roles
Conditions for verification: Material for External funding, conflicts, training support and author/assessor roles must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects External funding, conflicts, training support and author/assessor roles with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N18 · Were funding, support and conflicts in other reports verified?

Required materials and conditions: Report-specific funding, training support, employee authors and conflicts
Conditions for verification: Material for Report-specific funding, training support, employee authors and conflicts must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report-specific funding, training support, employee authors and conflicts with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N19 · What is known about the selected treatment's safety and missingness?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed-patient harms, discontinuation, denominators, collection and timing
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosed-patient harms, discontinuation, denominators, collection and timing must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosed-patient harms, discontinuation, denominators, collection and timing with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N20 · What are the boundaries for long-term harms, vulnerable populations, alternative causes and guidance?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis-specific long-term harms, concurrent exposure and alternative causes
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosis-specific long-term harms, concurrent exposure and alternative causes must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis-specific long-term harms, concurrent exposure and alternative causes with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N21 · How are original languages, '?' verdict, parent axes and history retained?

Required materials and conditions: Separate preservation of parent/subclaim structures, wording and dates
Conditions for verification: Material for Separate preservation of parent/subclaim structures, wording and dates must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate preservation of parent/subclaim structures, wording and dates with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N22 · What was actually read from stored summaries and external materials?

Required materials and conditions: Report-specific originals, registration, plans, support and material-link status
Conditions for verification: Material for Report-specific originals, registration, plans, support and material-link status must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report-specific originals, registration, plans, support and material-link status with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Met: A state used when required evidence is confirmed after user review. This production does not declare that review complete.
Partly verified: Some information in the stored summary is linked into the table. External comparison/content review is not complete.
Unverified: The article leaves this unverified, or required material is absent from the current stored summary. This is distinct from zero, absence or safety.
Review incomplete: User review pending.
Not reported: Not reported within the stored material actually read; not extended to the entire primary paper.
Inaccessible: Means an actual access failure. Access not attempted here is not assigned this state.
Not applicable: Not used as a substitute for an evidence gap.
Conflicting data: Requires an observed disagreement under the same comparison criteria; not automatically judged in this production.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: Marks a gap in additional material required by the selected conditions; not a new efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-19 · Public page/material version 1.0

Reader pages and materials were prepared from the existing 22 items. No new clinical search, change in verification status or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-07) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · What are the selected treatment question and original verdict?

Current findings: The selection is treatment of depressive or anxiety disorders, and the original subclaim verdict is '?'. The original explanation that the main populations were healthy students and nurses, not patients in diagnosed-disorder treatment trials, is retained. Parent C50 concerns nonclinical stress.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: The selection has no separate score, status or assessment axes. '?' is not replaced with another grade or the parent score.
Required materials and conditions: The existing subclaim, verdict and explanation versus parent stress context
Materials to obtain first: The selection has no separate score, status or assessment axes. '?' is not replaced with another grade or the parent score.
Further research: Material needed: The selection has no separate score, status or assessment axes. '?' is not replaced with another grade or the parent score. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for The existing subclaim, verdict and explanation versus parent stress context must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects The existing subclaim, verdict and explanation versus parent stress context with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N02 · How do diagnosed patients differ from nonclinical samples?

Current findings: The original explanation lists nonclinical studies in 120 healthy university students, 75/83 nursing students and 70 psychiatric nurses, distinguishing them from treatment trials in psychiatric patients.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Diagnosis, eligibility, severity and direct treatment denominators for the selected disorders are unlinked in current stored material. Working in psychiatry or having measured mental symptoms is not converted into a diagnosed-patient population.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, eligibility, baseline severity and patient denominators
Materials to obtain first: Diagnosis, eligibility, severity and direct treatment denominators for the selected disorders are unlinked in current stored material. Working in psychiatry or having measured mental symptoms is not converted into a diagnosed-patient population.
Further research: Material needed: Diagnosis, eligibility, severity and direct treatment denominators for the selected disorders are unlinked in current stored material. Working in psychiatry or having measured mental symptoms is not converted into a diagnosed-patient population. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosis, eligibility, baseline severity and patient denominators must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis, eligibility, baseline severity and patient denominators with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N03 · Were treatment outcomes for each disorder verified?

Current findings: The Korean selection lists depression and anxiety disorders in parallel, while the original English wording is depressive or anxiety disorders.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Direct treatment outcomes, remission, function and prespecified assessment instruments for each diagnosis are unverified. General mental-symptom results do not fill these gaps.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis-specific treatment aims, symptoms, remission, function and relapse definitions
Materials to obtain first: Direct treatment outcomes, remission, function and prespecified assessment instruments for each diagnosis are unverified. General mental-symptom results do not fill these gaps.
Further research: Material needed: Direct treatment outcomes, remission, function and prespecified assessment instruments for each diagnosis are unverified. General mental-symptom results do not fill these gaps. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosis-specific treatment aims, symptoms, remission, function and relapse definitions must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis-specific treatment aims, symptoms, remission, function and relapse definitions with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S03

N04 · Was the combined program evaluated as treatment in diagnosed patients?

Current findings: The original laughter-yoga program includes clapping, breathing, movement and group participation. This sheet does not provide yoga or mental-health treatment methods.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: The relevant intervention, existing treatment, actual exposure, adherence and evaluation for treatment purposes in diagnosed patients are unlinked in current stored material.
Required materials and conditions: Program components, existing treatment, instructors, exposure and adherence
Materials to obtain first: The relevant intervention, existing treatment, actual exposure, adherence and evaluation for treatment purposes in diagnosed patients are unlinked in current stored material.
Further research: Material needed: The relevant intervention, existing treatment, actual exposure, adherence and evaluation for treatment purposes in diagnosed patients are unlinked in current stored material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Program components, existing treatment, instructors, exposure and adherence must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Program components, existing treatment, instructors, exposure and adherence with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N05 · Are parent controls controls for disorder treatment?

Current findings: The parent explanation retains no-intervention controls, insufficient active social controls and combined effects as limitations. Fujisawa's humorous video and reading are separate acute nonclinical comparators.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Treatment comparators, contact, expectations and concurrent-treatment correspondence in diagnosed patients are unverified. Video findings are not reassigned as confirmation of disorder treatment.
Required materials and conditions: Treatment comparators, active social controls and matched contact and expectations
Materials to obtain first: Treatment comparators, contact, expectations and concurrent-treatment correspondence in diagnosed patients are unverified. Video findings are not reassigned as confirmation of disorder treatment.
Further research: Material needed: Treatment comparators, contact, expectations and concurrent-treatment correspondence in diagnosed patients are unverified. Video findings are not reassigned as confirmation of disorder treatment. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Treatment comparators, active social controls and matched contact and expectations must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Treatment comparators, active social controls and matched contact and expectations with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S04

N06 · Are PSS, GHQ and burnout findings diagnosed-treatment outcomes?

Current findings: Original parent results are retained: 70 participants, all completing at 35 versus 35, PSS/GHQ/burnout after 8 sessions, and PSS F(1,68)=251.56, P<.001, partial eta-squared=.787.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: These values are not used as depression/anxiety treatment effects, remission or patient denominators. Psychiatric nurses are not psychiatric patients.
Required materials and conditions: Nonclinical nurses' stress measures versus diagnosed-disorder treatment
Materials to obtain first: These values are not used as depression/anxiety treatment effects, remission or patient denominators. Psychiatric nurses are not psychiatric patients.
Further research: Material needed: These values are not used as depression/anxiety treatment effects, remission or patient denominators. Psychiatric nurses are not psychiatric patients. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Nonclinical nurses' stress measures versus diagnosed-disorder treatment must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Nonclinical nurses' stress measures versus diagnosed-disorder treatment with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N07 · What context do well-being, PSS and conflicting statistics provide?

Current findings: The original account retains 83 analyzed, 41 versus 42, coexisting abstract between-arm null and main-text multivariate F=10.69, P<.001, and retrospective registration.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: The conflict is not newly resolved or reassigned as a disorder-treatment effect. The relevant diagnoses and direct outcomes are unlinked in the current stored summary.
Required materials and conditions: Nonclinical endpoints, abstract/main-text tests and prespecification
Materials to obtain first: The conflict is not newly resolved or reassigned as a disorder-treatment effect. The relevant diagnoses and direct outcomes are unlinked in the current stored summary.
Further research: Material needed: The conflict is not newly resolved or reassigned as a disorder-treatment effect. The relevant diagnoses and direct outcomes are unlinked in the current stored summary. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Nonclinical endpoints, abstract/main-text tests and prespecification must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Nonclinical endpoints, abstract/main-text tests and prespecification with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S02

N08 · Does a positive mental-symptom result establish treatment effects in diagnosed patients?

Current findings: Positive mental-symptom findings in 75 first-year nursing students are retained separately from mixed cortisol findings.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Positive mental-symptom findings are not converted into depression/anxiety diagnosis, treatment effects or remission. Instruments, original estimates and diagnostic data are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Mental-symptom instruments, populations and evaluation for treatment purposes
Materials to obtain first: Positive mental-symptom findings are not converted into depression/anxiety diagnosis, treatment effects or remission. Instruments, original estimates and diagnostic data are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Positive mental-symptom findings are not converted into depression/anxiety diagnosis, treatment effects or remission. Instruments, original estimates and diagnostic data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Mental-symptom instruments, populations and evaluation for treatment purposes must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Mental-symptom instruments, populations and evaluation for treatment purposes with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S03

N09 · Do cortisol and DHEA establish disorder treatment?

Current findings: Ozturk's between-arm cortisol positivity in 3 of 8 sessions and Fujisawa's time change, video-related change and null DHEA finding are retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Biomarker changes are not reassigned as depression treatment, anxiety-disorder remission or confirmation of mechanism. Direct outcomes for the selected treatment are unverified in current material.
Required materials and conditions: Separate evidence for biomarkers, symptoms and diagnosed-disorder treatment
Materials to obtain first: Biomarker changes are not reassigned as depression treatment, anxiety-disorder remission or confirmation of mechanism. Direct outcomes for the selected treatment are unverified in current material.
Further research: Material needed: Biomarker changes are not reassigned as depression treatment, anxiety-disorder remission or confirmation of mechanism. Direct outcomes for the selected treatment are unverified in current material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Separate evidence for biomarkers, symptoms and diagnosed-disorder treatment must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate evidence for biomarkers, symptoms and diagnosed-disorder treatment with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S03 S04

N10 · Were allocation and blinding for the selected treatment verified?

Current findings: Randomized designs in the 4 reports and parent concerns about lack of blinding and combined instructor/assessor roles are preserved as nonclinical research context.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Allocation, concealment, assessor blinding and diagnostic/outcome assessment data for the selected treatment are unlinked in current material.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed-patient allocation, concealment, independent assessment and analysis roles
Materials to obtain first: Allocation, concealment, assessor blinding and diagnostic/outcome assessment data for the selected treatment are unlinked in current material.
Further research: Material needed: Allocation, concealment, assessor blinding and diagnostic/outcome assessment data for the selected treatment are unlinked in current material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosed-patient allocation, concealment, independent assessment and analysis roles must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosed-patient allocation, concealment, independent assessment and analysis roles with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N11 · Are nonclinical samples used as treatment-analysis denominators?

Current findings: The respective nonclinical labels are retained: all 70 completing, 83 analyzed, and total samples of 75 and 120.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: These counts are not used as disorder-treatment denominators. Direct-treatment analysis populations, missingness, baseline adjustment and repeated-data models are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed-patient allocation, completion, analysis and missing-data handling
Materials to obtain first: These counts are not used as disorder-treatment denominators. Direct-treatment analysis populations, missingness, baseline adjustment and repeated-data models are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: These counts are not used as disorder-treatment denominators. Direct-treatment analysis populations, missingness, baseline adjustment and repeated-data models are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosed-patient allocation, completion, analysis and missing-data handling must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosed-patient allocation, completion, analysis and missing-data handling with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N12 · Can treatment effects, confidence intervals and clinical meaning be determined?

Current findings: The original selected verdict '?' and explanation that these were not diagnosed-patient treatment trials are retained.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Direct clinical effects, confidence intervals, response, remission, clinical-importance criteria and sample plans are unverified in current material. No new effects, intervals or grades are created.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis-specific between-arm effects, response, remission, function and sample planning
Materials to obtain first: Direct clinical effects, confidence intervals, response, remission, clinical-importance criteria and sample plans are unverified in current material. No new effects, intervals or grades are created.
Further research: Material needed: Direct clinical effects, confidence intervals, response, remission, clinical-importance criteria and sample plans are unverified in current material. No new effects, intervals or grades are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosis-specific between-arm effects, response, remission, function and sample planning must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis-specific between-arm effects, response, remission, function and sample planning with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N13 · Does nonclinical registration establish prespecification for the selected treatment?

Current findings: Original records are retained: Bilgihan's NCT07015372 schedule-consistency concerns, Yaş's retrospective NCT06175936 registration, Fujisawa's UMIN000019409 and Ozturk's unverified registration.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Registration originals, protocols and analysis plans are unread and do not substitute for prespecification of the selected disorder treatment. Identifiers alone do not certify prespecification or treatment evidence.
Required materials and conditions: Each registration versus diagnosed-treatment plans
Materials to obtain first: Registration originals, protocols and analysis plans are unread and do not substitute for prespecification of the selected disorder treatment. Identifiers alone do not certify prespecification or treatment evidence.
Further research: Material needed: Registration originals, protocols and analysis plans are unread and do not substitute for prespecification of the selected disorder treatment. Identifiers alone do not certify prespecification or treatment evidence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Each registration versus diagnosed-treatment plans must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Each registration versus diagnosed-treatment plans with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N14 · Is program duration a psychiatric-treatment duration?

Current findings: The original explanation records single-exposure, 5-week or 8-session nonclinical programs.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: These are not reassigned as psychiatric-treatment duration or dose. Long-term treatment, relapse, function and persistence after discontinuation are unlinked in current material.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed-treatment duration, persistence and function/relapse follow-up
Materials to obtain first: These are not reassigned as psychiatric-treatment duration or dose. Long-term treatment, relapse, function and persistence after discontinuation are unlinked in current material.
Further research: Material needed: These are not reassigned as psychiatric-treatment duration or dose. Long-term treatment, relapse, function and persistence after discontinuation are unlinked in current material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosed-treatment duration, persistence and function/relapse follow-up must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosed-treatment duration, persistence and function/relapse follow-up with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N15 · What about existing mental-health treatment and concurrent factors?

Current findings: Combined social-participation and breathing effects in nonclinical groups provide parent-explanation context.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Direct-treatment medication, counseling, concurrent treatment, changes, adherence and lifestyle factors are unverified. No new instructions to replace or discontinue existing treatment are created.
Required materials and conditions: Existing treatment, changes, concurrent treatment and attribution of combined effects
Materials to obtain first: Direct-treatment medication, counseling, concurrent treatment, changes, adherence and lifestyle factors are unverified. No new instructions to replace or discontinue existing treatment are created.
Further research: Material needed: Direct-treatment medication, counseling, concurrent treatment, changes, adherence and lifestyle factors are unverified. No new instructions to replace or discontinue existing treatment are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Existing treatment, changes, concurrent treatment and attribution of combined effects must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Existing treatment, changes, concurrent treatment and attribution of combined effects with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N16 · Are shared reports independent replications of disorder treatment?

Current findings: The 4 reports are shared with the cortisol sheet, but are not counted as new independent trials. Agreement in nonclinical symptom direction is not converted into replicated confirmation of disorder treatment.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals are unverified; direct diagnosed-treatment material is unlinked in current records.
Required materials and conditions: Nonclinical reports and cohorts versus direct diagnosed-patient treatment trials
Materials to obtain first: Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals are unverified; direct diagnosed-treatment material is unlinked in current records.
Further research: Material needed: Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals are unverified; direct diagnosed-treatment material is unlinked in current records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Nonclinical reports and cohorts versus direct diagnosed-patient treatment trials must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Nonclinical reports and cohorts versus direct diagnosed-patient treatment trials with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N17 · What do support declarations and instructor/assessor roles establish?

Current findings: Bilgihan's declaration of no external funding or conflicts is retained alongside combined instructor/assessor roles.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Declarations are not promoted to absence of all support, independent confirmation or completed current external comparison. Support evidence for the selected treatment is also unverified in current material.
Required materials and conditions: External funding, conflicts, training support and author/assessor roles
Materials to obtain first: Declarations are not promoted to absence of all support, independent confirmation or completed current external comparison. Support evidence for the selected treatment is also unverified in current material.
Further research: Material needed: Declarations are not promoted to absence of all support, independent confirmation or completed current external comparison. Support evidence for the selected treatment is also unverified in current material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for External funding, conflicts, training support and author/assessor roles must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects External funding, conflicts, training support and author/assessor roles with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N18 · Were funding, support and conflicts in other reports verified?

Current findings: The original record that funding in Yaş, Ozturk and Fujisawa was unable to be verified is retained.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Evidence does not establish absence of support, independence, absence of employee authors or absence of conflicts.
Required materials and conditions: Report-specific funding, training support, employee authors and conflicts
Materials to obtain first: Evidence does not establish absence of support, independence, absence of employee authors or absence of conflicts.
Further research: Material needed: Evidence does not establish absence of support, independence, absence of employee authors or absence of conflicts. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Report-specific funding, training support, employee authors and conflicts must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report-specific funding, training support, employee authors and conflicts with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N19 · What is known about the selected treatment's safety and missingness?

Current findings: Original parent Unknown safety and insufficient arm-specific adverse-event and long-term safety numbers are retained.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Diagnosed-patient harms evidence is unlinked in current material. Nonclinical completion, measures and biomarkers are not converted into treatment safety.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed-patient harms, discontinuation, denominators, collection and timing
Materials to obtain first: Diagnosed-patient harms evidence is unlinked in current material. Nonclinical completion, measures and biomarkers are not converted into treatment safety.
Further research: Material needed: Diagnosed-patient harms evidence is unlinked in current material. Nonclinical completion, measures and biomarkers are not converted into treatment safety. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosed-patient harms, discontinuation, denominators, collection and timing must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosed-patient harms, discontinuation, denominators, collection and timing with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N20 · What are the boundaries for long-term harms, vulnerable populations, alternative causes and guidance?

Current findings: The parent safety explanation is retained as historical context, with no new yoga or mental-health treatment instructions.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Diagnosis-specific long-term and vulnerable-population evidence, treatment-change-related harms and alternative causes are unverified. Unknown is not converted into safe or no events.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis-specific long-term harms, concurrent exposure and alternative causes
Materials to obtain first: Diagnosis-specific long-term and vulnerable-population evidence, treatment-change-related harms and alternative causes are unverified. Unknown is not converted into safe or no events.
Further research: Material needed: Diagnosis-specific long-term and vulnerable-population evidence, treatment-change-related harms and alternative causes are unverified. Unknown is not converted into safe or no events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Diagnosis-specific long-term harms, concurrent exposure and alternative causes must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Diagnosis-specific long-term harms, concurrent exposure and alternative causes with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N21 · How are original languages, '?' verdict, parent axes and history retained?

Current findings: Parent C50, unspecified precision, Korean/English originals, evidence date 2026-09-07, an empty corrections list and empty deliberation are retained. Selected '?', the original explanation and absent separate score, status and axes are preserved.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Cortisol explanatory numbers, parent scores and axes and historical review are not inherited as new disorder-treatment values, current review or certification.
Required materials and conditions: Separate preservation of parent/subclaim structures, wording and dates
Materials to obtain first: Cortisol explanatory numbers, parent scores and axes and historical review are not inherited as new disorder-treatment values, current review or certification.
Further research: Material needed: Cortisol explanatory numbers, parent scores and axes and historical review are not inherited as new disorder-treatment values, current review or certification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Separate preservation of parent/subclaim structures, wording and dates must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate preservation of parent/subclaim structures, wording and dates with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

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N22 · What was actually read from stored summaries and external materials?

Current findings: The complete stored parent summary and bibliography were read for this production. Material links, summary reading and unread external materials are distinguished.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: Known nonclinical information and gaps concerning the selected diagnosed-disorder treatment were distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed external material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: External papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support originals were unread and access was not attempted. URLs and historical verification statements are not promoted to current external reading or content verification.
Required materials and conditions: Report-specific originals, registration, plans, support and material-link status
Materials to obtain first: External papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support originals were unread and access was not attempted. URLs and historical verification statements are not promoted to current external reading or content verification.
Further research: Material needed: External papers, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support originals were unread and access was not attempted. URLs and historical verification statements are not promoted to current external reading or content verification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Gaps are not converted into treatment success, failure or absence of harm; original verdict '?' is retained. Original scores, axes and historical narratives are not used as new verdicts, current verification or independence certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Report-specific originals, registration, plans, support and material-link status must be linked to the relevant diagnoses, treatment comparisons, outcomes and denominators, distinguishing currently stored nonclinical information from gaps in direct treatment evidence.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report-specific originals, registration, plans, support and material-link status with the selected diagnoses, populations, treatment aims, interventions, concurrent treatment, comparators, outcomes, timing, denominators, prespecification, analyses or harms, distinguishing nonclinical parent reports.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim '?', its explanation and absent separate score/status/axes. Do not inherit parent C50, the cortisol explanation's 46-level wording or parent axes. Healthy students, nurses, psychiatric workplaces, mental symptoms and biomarkers are not converted into diagnosed patients, treatment or remission. Gaps in currently preserved reports are not extended to absence of research across all external literature or treatment success/failure. No new effects, CIs, grades, clinical totals, safety/independence certification, treatment methods or instructions to change existing treatment are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, exposure, comparisons, reports versus trials, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04