Oral Nigella sativa seed or seed-oil supplementation × Body-weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhich body-weight question is addressed?Required	The original claim is body-weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity. The principal endpoint is weight change in kg; BMI and waist circumference remain separate. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Oral seed/seed oil and weight change in kg in adults with overweight or obesity	Material needed: An eligibility table for population, formulation, control and timing of the single weight endpoint is needed. Composite glycemia/blood-pressure/lipid claims are excluded. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionAre seed powder and seed oil kept separate?Required	The formulation is oral supplementation with seed powder and seed oil distinguished by formulation subgroups. Other extracts, topical preparations, purified thymoquinone and combinations in the original product notes are not treated as interchangeable. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original trials and product/constituent tables by powder/oil formulation	Material needed: Product, extraction, standardized constituent quantities and inclusion tables by formulation are needed. A mixed pooled mean does not establish efficacy or equivalence for each formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionCan doses and active quantities be converted into equivalents?Required	Doses vary by trial; powder and oil doses are not converted into equivalents. No new representative dose, active quantity or recommended dose is created. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Trial-specific dose, frequency, actual exposure and active constituents	Material needed: Original doses, constituents/units, adherence and actual administration are needed. Powder/oil dose equivalence is unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionAre overall durations distinguished from 8 weeks or less?Required	Duration varies by trial, with the subgroup of 8 weeks or less separate. The overall mean is not converted into a result at 8 weeks or less or a sustained long-term effect. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Trial-specific duration, weight-measurement timing and the subgroup of 8 weeks or less	Material needed: Original treatment, measurement, follow-up/post-discontinuation timing and tables by duration group are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionAre overweight/obesity and mixed-disease studies distinguished?Required	The population is adults including overweight and obesity, with mixed-disease studies separate. A mixed review population is not treated as the same sample as a specific obesity population. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Inclusion composition by diagnosis, baseline weight/BMI and comorbidity	Material needed: Original-trial tables of diagnosis, selection, age, baseline weight and comorbidity are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionAre placebo and control-condition arrangements the same?Required	The comparator is placebo or a control condition. Identical placebo and management across all trials are not established. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Trial-specific control constituents, management and cointerventions by arm	Material needed: Original records of control composition, masking, lifestyle management and adherence are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionCan the effects of concomitant diet and exercise be distinguished?Required	The original rationale, key issue and research description retain concomitant diet/exercise and varied cointerventions. The overall effect is not described as an effect everyone can obtain without diet or exercise. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Matching dietary restriction, exercise, management and concomitant use by arm	Material needed: Original diet/exercise arrangements, arm-specific adherence, energy/weight changes and additional interventions are needed. The effect is not isolated as that of seed oil alone. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionAre medication, other treatment and weight changes distinguished?Required	The original safety description retains cautions about concomitant medications. Actual medication use, changes and arrangements addressing weight effects in included trials are not specified. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Baseline medications, disease treatment, changes and arm-specific management	Material needed: Records of medications for glycemia/blood pressure, other treatment, weight-related changes and arm-specific maintenance are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionAre the 2018 and 2023 reviews retained as separate reports?Required	R01 is a 2018 meta-analysis of RCTs; R02 is a 2023 updated meta-analysis of RCTs. The reviews are not counted as independent original trials. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Search, eligibility and inclusion correspondence for the Mousavi and Naghsh reviews	Material needed: Search dates, eligibility criteria, included trials and correspondence with additional reports/registration are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionWhat is the scope of the 13 trials and 875 participants in 2018?Required	R01 records 13 trials and 875 participants. These do not certify a single formulation, completed weight analyses or independent-trial counts. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	R01 included trials/participants and weight-endpoint denominators	Material needed: Inclusion tables and original trials/arm-specific randomized, analyzed and completion denominators by weight endpoint are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionAre the updated review’s 21 trials distinguished from 15 studies and 16 weight comparisons?Required	R02 records 21 trials overall; weight comprises 15 studies, 16 comparisons and approximately 995 participants. Whole-review, weight-study and comparison counts remain separate. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Study/comparison/participant units for the whole review and weight analysis	Material needed: Multi-arm, shared-control and sample correspondence for the 15 studies/16 comparisons and original extraction tables are needed. The 21 trials are not converted into a count of unique weight trials. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionWhat analysis denominator does approximately 995 participants describe?Required	Approximately 995 participants is the original scale reported with the weight-analysis scope. Exact participant counts, arm-specific numbers and universal completion are not newly established. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Randomized/analyzed/completed and arm-specific denominators behind the weight-participant description	Material needed: Original extraction, randomization, analysis, completion and missing-data tables, with overlapping-sample links, are needed. No new total is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionCan original trials shared by the reviews be linked?Required	Overlap in original trials and participants across the meta-analyses is not identified in the stored summaries. The 875 participants and approximately 995 participants are not added. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Review–original-trial–additional-report and same-participant correspondence	Material needed: Each review’s included articles, registration, institution/time and sample correspondence are needed. Final unique-trial and unique-participant totals remain null. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWhat is the 2018 weight estimate?Required	R01 reports weight −1.76 kg (95% CI −3.34 to −0.17), I²=87.4%, with a null waist-circumference result. Weight and waist results remain separate. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	R01 weight in kg, 95% CI, heterogeneity and analysis arrangements	Material needed: Original pooling tables, inclusions/weights, final values versus changes and models are needed. Effects are not recalculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionWhat is the 2023 overall weight estimate?Required	R02 weight is −1.46 kg (95% CI −2.53 to −0.39), I²=94.6%. BMI −0.58, I²=87.1%, and a null waist result are retained as separate endpoints. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	R02 weight in kg, 95% CI and original analysis scope	Material needed: Original weight-pooling tables, weights, variance, models and extraction/timing material are needed. Values are not replicated as results for each formulation/population. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionIs extreme heterogeneity retained alongside the mean?Required	The original 2023 I²=94.6% and 2018 I²=87.4% are retained. The original key issue emphasizes heterogeneity in formulation, diet and population over the mean alone. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Overall heterogeneity and formulation/disease/duration/cointervention explanations	Material needed: Heterogeneity, sensitivity/classification, model and original-trial material are needed. Prediction intervals or causal proportions are not invented, and effects are not generalized to everyone. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionIs the null obesity-subgroup finding distinguished from the positive overall result?Required	The original Korean answer describes a null obesity subgroup, while the original English answer describes a null overweight/obesity subgroup. Both original wordings are retained; subgroup values absent from structured results are not invented. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Effects, CIs, denominators and prespecification for obesity/overweight-obesity subgroups	Material needed: Original subgroup definitions, effects/CIs, denominators, interactions and prospective plans are needed. The overall −1.46 kg is not replicated as the subgroup value. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionIs the null finding at 8 weeks or less retained?Required	The original answer states that weight effects in trials of 8 weeks or less were not statistically significant. Separate values, CIs and denominators are absent from the structured result. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Duration-subgroup definitions, effects, CIs and denominators	Material needed: Original duration tables, prespecification, interactions and formulation/population differences are needed. The overall estimate is not substituted for a short-duration subgroup value. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionAre powder/oil subgroups equivalent to a direct superiority comparison?Required	The original formulation description separates subgroups; the grade rationale describes unstable formulation/population subgroups. Exact results for each formulation and direct superiority comparisons are not retained. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Effects/CIs, denominators and prespecification by formulation, and direct comparisons	Material needed: Original formulation-subgroup tables, prospective plans, interactions and direct comparisons are needed. Seed/oil superiority or equivalence is not established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionAre earlier favorable directions kept distinct from independent replication?Supplementary	The original counterview mentions favorable mean directions in two earlier meta-analyses and an updated analysis. The structured evidence contains two reports; additional unidentified earlier reports are not invented. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Links between earlier reviews mentioned in the narrative, structured reports and original trials	Material needed: Corresponding citations, years and included trials for each narrative statement are needed. Agreement in review directions does not certify independent replication of an identical formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionAre weight in kg, BMI and waist circumference separate endpoints?Required	The original rationale and principal endpoint distinguish these endpoints. R02 BMI −0.58/I²=87.1% and null waist results, and R01’s null waist result, are not combined with weight estimates. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Definitions, units, denominators and timing for weight in kg versus BMI/waist	Material needed: Original effects/CIs, units, denominators and hierarchy are requested separately for each endpoint. BMI is not converted into kg. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionWhat are the weight-measurement, baseline-adjustment and change-score arrangements?Required	The principal endpoint is weight change in kg. Original-trial measurement/adjustment and review extraction arrangements are not retained in detail. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Measurement procedures, baseline weight, final values versus changes, variance and analysis populations	Material needed: Original measurement, timing, baseline values, extraction tables, variance handling/models and analysis plans are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionWhat supports allocation, masking and risk assessment?Required	The reports are meta-analyses of RCTs. Original methods, individual risk assessments and formal-tool results have not been externally read in this work. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original-RCT allocation, concealment, masking and individual assessment grounds	Material needed: Original-trial methods, registration/plans and the reviews’ assessment grounds are needed. No formal RoB2/GRADE or new suitability judgment is produced. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about missing data, withdrawals, analysis exclusions and selective reporting?Required	Retained sample descriptions concern review scale and weight studies/comparisons. Missing data, withdrawals and analysis exclusions by arm are not specified. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Missing weight data, withdrawals, analysis sets and all time points by arm	Material needed: Arm-specific flows, exclusion reasons, missing-data handling, original results at all time points and sensitivity material are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionAre PROSPERO review registration and original-trial registration distinguished?Required	R02 is described as PROSPERO-registered, with CRD42022358471 in the citation. Original trial registration is recorded as unconfirmed. A review registration number does not confirm original-trial registration or prespecification. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Review plans for CRD42022358471 and registration for each original trial	Material needed: Original review registration, versions/dates and plans, plus individual-trial registrations, are needed. A recorded identifier is not promoted to current reading or certification of adherence to plans. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionIs a prospective hierarchy for the main weight analysis and subgroups confirmed?Required	A summary selecting weight, review-registration bibliography and null subgroup findings are retained. Actual prospective endpoint/subgroup arrangements remain unread here. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Plans for primary endpoints, duration/disease/formulation subgroups and multiplicity	Material needed: Review/original-trial protocols, SAPs, registration versions and all result tables are needed. No new conclusion that subgroups were post hoc is made. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
27	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionAre importance, sustained loss and clinical effects kept within the retained scope?Supplementary	The original grade rationale retains a small mean, heterogeneity and instability. The advertising assessment does not support large weight loss for everyone without diet or exercise. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original weight-importance criteria, responders and long-term/post-discontinuation course	Material needed: Direct material on prospective importance/responders, body composition, persistence/regain and clinical events is needed. A mean in kg is not converted into individual success rates or large/sustained loss. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
28	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionAre independent replication and optimal dosing of an identical formulation confirmed?Supplementary	The original R1/I1 axes are retained. The reviews and pooled means across mixed formulations do not newly certify replication or optimal dosing for a particular product. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original-trial families and independent teams for an identical product/population/comparator/duration	Material needed: Direct studies linking trial families, products, teams/funding and dose/timing are needed. Final unique-trial and participant numbers remain null. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
29	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N29 · Evidence conditionAre the four channels of company involvement known?Required	R01 records incomplete tracing of individual-trial funding; R02 records incomplete individual-trial funding and independence. Generic English funding wording is not complete supporting material. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Review/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI	Material needed: Original funding, product provision, author affiliations and COI are needed. Unverified information is not converted into a strength for independence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
30	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N30 · Evidence conditionAre harm collection, events and discontinuations known?Supplementary	The original safety label is Caution, with small trials unable to exclude rare/long-term harms. Specific collection methods and event tables are absent from stored summaries. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection, severity and discontinuations	Material needed: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations and missing-data material are needed. Unread material is not converted into an absence of events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
31	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N31 · Evidence conditionWhat are the harm denominators and exposure durations?Supplementary	The 13 trials/875 participants, 21 trials and approximately 995 weight participants do not establish safety denominators. Durations and products also vary. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Arm-specific safety sets, actual administration, exposure and events/controls	Material needed: Safety denominators, arm-specific event counts, exposure, control groups and withdrawal records are needed. Incidence or participant totals are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
32	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N32 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about concomitant medicines, alternative causes and event timing?Supplementary	The original safety wording calls for consultation during medication use. It is not material establishing actual drug-specific interactions, events or causality. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Glucose-, blood-pressure-, anticoagulant-, antiseizure- and immune-modifying drugs and event course	Material needed: Original concomitant use, baseline disease, changes, event timing, controls and dechallenge/rechallenge records are needed. No new causality judgment is made. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
33	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N33 · Evidence conditionAre long-term, rare and vulnerable-population harms certified?Supplementary	The original text retains consultation cautions for pregnancy/breastfeeding, children, liver/kidney disease and surgery, and limitations for long-term/rare harms. Mixed short trials do not certify safety in these settings. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable groups and exposure/denominators	Material needed: Long-term, rare and vulnerable-population material, independent event reports, exposure and denominators are needed. No new harm search or reassessment is executed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
34	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N34 · Evidence conditionAre actual stored-summary reading and external-source links distinguished?Required	The complete stored JSON was read for preparation; PubMed/DOI links and PROSPERO bibliography are retained records. External abstracts, full text, registration and protocols/SAPs remain unread. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Access table for stored JSON, abstracts, full text, review/trial registration and protocols/SAPs	Material needed: External material remains unread before user-provided acquisition and review. A URL/registration number alone does not establish reading, accessibility or fulfilled conditions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
35	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N35 · Evidence conditionAre generic English wording, corrections and Korean/English expressions preserved?Supplementary	The original correction records changes to 2 English-placeholder fields while retaining grade, score, citations and evidence date. Generic evidence-table wording and the Korean obesity versus English overweight/obesity expressions are also preserved. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction	Material needed: Earlier correction targets and external English-source comparison are not revisited here. The original correction is not presented as newly completed QA. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
36	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N36 · Evidence conditionAre original grades, axes, evidence date and production kept separate?Required	C/46/Caution, original axes, the evidence date 2026-09-08 and corrections are retained. The original grade rationale’s 0 strengths is a historical statement, not a current quality-score calculation. R01 R02	Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.	Original C46, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction values	Material needed: New evidence, condition revisions and verdict changes are separate events after user review. The original evidence date is not converted into a current search end date or external-reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

No items match your search or filter.

36 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-08
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
Population: The population comprises adults including overweight and obesity. Mixed-disease studies remain separate. Trial-specific diagnostic and eligibility criteria, age, baseline weight and comorbidity composition remain unverified.
Ingredient, formulation and route: The intervention is oral Nigella sativa L. seed powder or seed-oil supplementation, with formulation subgroups distinguished. Products, extraction and constituent quantities remain unverified. Other extracts, topical preparations, purified thymoquinone and combinations are not treated as interchangeable.
Dose: Doses vary by trial. Powder and oil doses are not converted into equivalents. Actual intake, constituent quantities, adherence and frequency remain unverified; no new representative dose, active dose or recommended dose is created.
Comparator: The comparator is placebo or a control condition. Matching control composition, management, diet, exercise, medication, other treatment and adherence across trials remains unverified. Controls are not all treated as identical placebo or management.
Measured outcome: The selected endpoint is change in body weight in kg. BMI and waist circumference are separate endpoints. Original measurement, baseline adjustment, final values versus changes, variance and prospective hierarchy remain unverified; BMI is not converted into kg.
Duration: Duration varies by trial, with the subgroup of 8 weeks or less distinguished. Treatment, measurement, follow-up and post-discontinuation timing remain unverified in detail. The overall estimate is not converted into a short-duration subgroup result or sustained long-term effect.
Questions outside this scope: The selected question concerns oral seed or seed oil and body-weight change in kg in adults with overweight or obesity. Composite glycemia, blood-pressure and lipid claims, other formulations, routes and populations are excluded.; The existing C·46 points·Caution and B/S/R1/I1/E~/B2/C0 are retained. Historical cross-check wording and the original statement of 0 strengths are not presented as a current quality score, completed content review or new clinical validation.; The 2018 review’s 13 trials and 875 participants remain distinct from the 2023 review’s 21 trials overall and 15 studies, 16 comparisons and approximately 995 participants for weight. Overlap across reviews is unconfirmed. No new totals of unique trials, participants or harm denominators are created.; The 2018 weight result of −1.76 kg (95% CI −3.34 to −0.17), I²=87.4%, and the 2023 weight result of −1.46 kg (95% CI −2.53 to −0.39), I²=94.6%, are retained as original reported values. Each remains attributed to its review and endpoint without repooling, recalculation or a new prediction interval.; The original Korean wording for an obesity subgroup and the original English wording for an overweight/obesity subgroup are retained, with the scope difference unconfirmed. The null finding at 8 weeks or less remains separate from the overall mean; absent subgroup effects, intervals, denominators and interactions are not invented.; Weight, BMI and waist circumference are distinct. Means are not extended to individual success rates, large weight loss, effects without diet and exercise or long-term persistence, or converted into superiority, equivalence or optimal dosing for a specific formulation.; PMID29857879, DOI10.1016/j.ctim.2018.04.003, DOI10.1016/j.jff.2023.105565 and review PROSPERO CRD42022358471 are existing bibliography. Review registration does not confirm original-trial registration, prespecification or adherence to plans; external abstracts, full texts, registration and plans remain unread.; The original evidence date 2026-09-08, the correction date 2026-09-14 for 2 English-placeholder fields and the original production date 2026-10-06 are retained. Generic English evidence wording, funding descriptions and cautions are not promoted to actual full-text reading or certification of independence, harm collection or safety.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

R01 · Mousavi et al. 2018 · Meta-analysis of Nigella sativa, body weight and body composition

PubMed

Material type: Retained description as a meta-analysis of RCTs; external verification of original trials and methods is incomplete
Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Weight −1.76 kg (95% CI −3.34 to −0.17), I²=87.4%; null waist-circumference result
Record level: These are existing reported values. The review-wide 13 trials and 875 participants remain distinct from weight-endpoint denominators; original extraction, weights, models and timing remain unverified in detail.
Study overlap and independent replication: Original trials and participants shared by the 2018/2023 reviews remain unconfirmed. Reports remain distinct from unique trials, independent teams and participant totals; no new summation or certification of independent replication is performed.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Existing stored summary acquired	Stored summary	Summary read	The stored review summary was read for preparation. This does not establish acquisition or reading of article full text or verification of original trials. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
External abstract	Original bibliography link only; external content unread	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Only the article identity link in the existing bibliography is connected. External abstract content reading and access testing were not performed. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
External full text	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Article full text is unacquired and unread. A bibliographic link is not presented as full-text acquisition or successful access. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
Registration material	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Review and original-trial registration contents remain distinct. Registration texts, versions, dates and plans are unread; original-trial prespecification is not inferred. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
Protocols and analysis plans	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Protocols and analysis plans are unread. Prespecification of endpoints, subgroup hierarchy, multiplicity, extraction, variance and models is not newly certified. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.

R02 · Naghsh et al. 2023 · Updated meta-analysis of Nigella sativa and anthropometric indices

Official source

Material type: Retained description as a meta-analysis of RCTs reported as registered in PROSPERO; review and original-trial registrations remain distinct, and external contents are unread
Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Weight −1.46 kg (95% CI −2.53 to −0.39), I²=94.6%; BMI −0.58, I²=87.1%; null waist result
Record level: These are existing reported values. The 21 trials overall remain distinct from 15 studies, 16 comparisons and approximately 995 participants for weight. Mixed pooled means are not formulation, disease or duration subgroup results; original extraction, denominators and prospective analyses remain unverified in detail.
Study overlap and independent replication: Original trials and participants shared by the 2018/2023 reviews remain unconfirmed. Reports remain distinct from unique trials, independent teams and participant totals; no new summation or certification of independent replication is performed.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Existing stored summary acquired	Stored summary	Summary read	The stored review summary was read for preparation. This does not establish acquisition or reading of article full text or verification of original trials. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
External abstract	Original bibliography link only; external content unread	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Only the article identity link in the existing bibliography is connected. External abstract content reading and access testing were not performed. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
External full text	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Article full text is unacquired and unread. A bibliographic link is not presented as full-text acquisition or successful access. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
Registration material	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Review and original-trial registration contents remain distinct. Registration texts, versions, dates and plans are unread; original-trial prespecification is not inferred. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.
Protocols and analysis plans	Needed material; existence and public availability unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Protocols and analysis plans are unread. Prespecification of endpoints, subgroup hierarchy, multiplicity, extraction, variance and models is not newly certified. Existing bibliography is linked; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. The presence of a URL, identifier or review registration alone does not establish acquisition, accessibility, content reading, original-trial prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The date 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date. Material timestamps for stored summaries describe original production on 2026-10-06, not external reading. External-material timestamps and original review and verification dates remain unrecorded.

Report counts versus independent study counts

Original trials and participants shared by the 2018/2023 reviews remain unconfirmed. Reports remain distinct from unique trials, independent teams and participant totals; no new summation or certification of independent replication is performed.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · Which body-weight question is addressed?

Required materials and conditions: Oral seed/seed oil and weight change in kg in adults with overweight or obesity
Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral seed/seed oil and weight change in kg in adults with overweight or obesity must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral seed/seed oil and weight change in kg in adults with overweight or obesity is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N02 · Are seed powder and seed oil kept separate?

Required materials and conditions: Original trials and product/constituent tables by powder/oil formulation
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original trials and product/constituent tables by powder/oil formulation must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original trials and product/constituent tables by powder/oil formulation is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N03 · Can doses and active quantities be converted into equivalents?

Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific dose, frequency, actual exposure and active constituents
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific dose, frequency, actual exposure and active constituents must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific dose, frequency, actual exposure and active constituents is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N04 · Are overall durations distinguished from 8 weeks or less?

Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific duration, weight-measurement timing and the subgroup of 8 weeks or less
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific duration, weight-measurement timing and the subgroup of 8 weeks or less must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific duration, weight-measurement timing and the subgroup of 8 weeks or less is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N05 · Are overweight/obesity and mixed-disease studies distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Inclusion composition by diagnosis, baseline weight/BMI and comorbidity
Conditions for verification: Original records on Inclusion composition by diagnosis, baseline weight/BMI and comorbidity must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Inclusion composition by diagnosis, baseline weight/BMI and comorbidity is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N06 · Are placebo and control-condition arrangements the same?

Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific control constituents, management and cointerventions by arm
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific control constituents, management and cointerventions by arm must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific control constituents, management and cointerventions by arm is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N07 · Can the effects of concomitant diet and exercise be distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Matching dietary restriction, exercise, management and concomitant use by arm
Conditions for verification: Original records on Matching dietary restriction, exercise, management and concomitant use by arm must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Matching dietary restriction, exercise, management and concomitant use by arm is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N08 · Are medication, other treatment and weight changes distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Baseline medications, disease treatment, changes and arm-specific management
Conditions for verification: Original records on Baseline medications, disease treatment, changes and arm-specific management must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline medications, disease treatment, changes and arm-specific management is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N09 · Are the 2018 and 2023 reviews retained as separate reports?

Required materials and conditions: Search, eligibility and inclusion correspondence for the Mousavi and Naghsh reviews
Conditions for verification: Original records on Search, eligibility and inclusion correspondence for the Mousavi and Naghsh reviews must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Search, eligibility and inclusion correspondence for the Mousavi and Naghsh reviews is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N10 · What is the scope of the 13 trials and 875 participants in 2018?

Required materials and conditions: R01 included trials/participants and weight-endpoint denominators
Conditions for verification: Original records on R01 included trials/participants and weight-endpoint denominators must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on R01 included trials/participants and weight-endpoint denominators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N11 · Are the updated review’s 21 trials distinguished from 15 studies and 16 weight comparisons?

Required materials and conditions: Study/comparison/participant units for the whole review and weight analysis
Conditions for verification: Original records on Study/comparison/participant units for the whole review and weight analysis must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Study/comparison/participant units for the whole review and weight analysis is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N12 · What analysis denominator does approximately 995 participants describe?

Required materials and conditions: Randomized/analyzed/completed and arm-specific denominators behind the weight-participant description
Conditions for verification: Original records on Randomized/analyzed/completed and arm-specific denominators behind the weight-participant description must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Randomized/analyzed/completed and arm-specific denominators behind the weight-participant description is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N13 · Can original trials shared by the reviews be linked?

Required materials and conditions: Review–original-trial–additional-report and same-participant correspondence
Conditions for verification: Original records on Review–original-trial–additional-report and same-participant correspondence must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Review–original-trial–additional-report and same-participant correspondence is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N14 · What is the 2018 weight estimate?

Required materials and conditions: R01 weight in kg, 95% CI, heterogeneity and analysis arrangements
Conditions for verification: Original records on R01 weight in kg, 95% CI, heterogeneity and analysis arrangements must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on R01 weight in kg, 95% CI, heterogeneity and analysis arrangements is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N15 · What is the 2023 overall weight estimate?

Required materials and conditions: R02 weight in kg, 95% CI and original analysis scope
Conditions for verification: Original records on R02 weight in kg, 95% CI and original analysis scope must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on R02 weight in kg, 95% CI and original analysis scope is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N16 · Is extreme heterogeneity retained alongside the mean?

Required materials and conditions: Overall heterogeneity and formulation/disease/duration/cointervention explanations
Conditions for verification: Original records on Overall heterogeneity and formulation/disease/duration/cointervention explanations must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Overall heterogeneity and formulation/disease/duration/cointervention explanations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N17 · Is the null obesity-subgroup finding distinguished from the positive overall result?

Required materials and conditions: Effects, CIs, denominators and prespecification for obesity/overweight-obesity subgroups
Conditions for verification: Original records on Effects, CIs, denominators and prespecification for obesity/overweight-obesity subgroups must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Effects, CIs, denominators and prespecification for obesity/overweight-obesity subgroups is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N18 · Is the null finding at 8 weeks or less retained?

Required materials and conditions: Duration-subgroup definitions, effects, CIs and denominators
Conditions for verification: Original records on Duration-subgroup definitions, effects, CIs and denominators must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Duration-subgroup definitions, effects, CIs and denominators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N19 · Are powder/oil subgroups equivalent to a direct superiority comparison?

Required materials and conditions: Effects/CIs, denominators and prespecification by formulation, and direct comparisons
Conditions for verification: Original records on Effects/CIs, denominators and prespecification by formulation, and direct comparisons must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Effects/CIs, denominators and prespecification by formulation, and direct comparisons is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N20 · Are earlier favorable directions kept distinct from independent replication?

Required materials and conditions: Links between earlier reviews mentioned in the narrative, structured reports and original trials
Conditions for verification: Original records on Links between earlier reviews mentioned in the narrative, structured reports and original trials must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Links between earlier reviews mentioned in the narrative, structured reports and original trials is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N21 · Are weight in kg, BMI and waist circumference separate endpoints?

Required materials and conditions: Definitions, units, denominators and timing for weight in kg versus BMI/waist
Conditions for verification: Original records on Definitions, units, denominators and timing for weight in kg versus BMI/waist must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Definitions, units, denominators and timing for weight in kg versus BMI/waist is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N22 · What are the weight-measurement, baseline-adjustment and change-score arrangements?

Required materials and conditions: Measurement procedures, baseline weight, final values versus changes, variance and analysis populations
Conditions for verification: Original records on Measurement procedures, baseline weight, final values versus changes, variance and analysis populations must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Measurement procedures, baseline weight, final values versus changes, variance and analysis populations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N23 · What supports allocation, masking and risk assessment?

Required materials and conditions: Original-RCT allocation, concealment, masking and individual assessment grounds
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original-RCT allocation, concealment, masking and individual assessment grounds must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original-RCT allocation, concealment, masking and individual assessment grounds is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N24 · What is known about missing data, withdrawals, analysis exclusions and selective reporting?

Required materials and conditions: Missing weight data, withdrawals, analysis sets and all time points by arm
Conditions for verification: Original records on Missing weight data, withdrawals, analysis sets and all time points by arm must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Missing weight data, withdrawals, analysis sets and all time points by arm is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N25 · Are PROSPERO review registration and original-trial registration distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Review plans for CRD42022358471 and registration for each original trial
Conditions for verification: Original records on Review plans for CRD42022358471 and registration for each original trial must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Review plans for CRD42022358471 and registration for each original trial is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N26 · Is a prospective hierarchy for the main weight analysis and subgroups confirmed?

Required materials and conditions: Plans for primary endpoints, duration/disease/formulation subgroups and multiplicity
Conditions for verification: Original records on Plans for primary endpoints, duration/disease/formulation subgroups and multiplicity must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Plans for primary endpoints, duration/disease/formulation subgroups and multiplicity is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N27 · Are importance, sustained loss and clinical effects kept within the retained scope?

Required materials and conditions: Original weight-importance criteria, responders and long-term/post-discontinuation course
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original weight-importance criteria, responders and long-term/post-discontinuation course must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original weight-importance criteria, responders and long-term/post-discontinuation course is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N28 · Are independent replication and optimal dosing of an identical formulation confirmed?

Required materials and conditions: Original-trial families and independent teams for an identical product/population/comparator/duration
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original-trial families and independent teams for an identical product/population/comparator/duration must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original-trial families and independent teams for an identical product/population/comparator/duration is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N29 · Are the four channels of company involvement known?

Required materials and conditions: Review/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI
Conditions for verification: Original records on Review/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Review/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N30 · Are harm collection, events and discontinuations known?

Required materials and conditions: Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection, severity and discontinuations
Conditions for verification: Original records on Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection, severity and discontinuations must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection, severity and discontinuations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N31 · What are the harm denominators and exposure durations?

Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific safety sets, actual administration, exposure and events/controls
Conditions for verification: Original records on Arm-specific safety sets, actual administration, exposure and events/controls must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Arm-specific safety sets, actual administration, exposure and events/controls is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N32 · What is known about concomitant medicines, alternative causes and event timing?

Required materials and conditions: Glucose-, blood-pressure-, anticoagulant-, antiseizure- and immune-modifying drugs and event course
Conditions for verification: Original records on Glucose-, blood-pressure-, anticoagulant-, antiseizure- and immune-modifying drugs and event course must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Glucose-, blood-pressure-, anticoagulant-, antiseizure- and immune-modifying drugs and event course is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N33 · Are long-term, rare and vulnerable-population harms certified?

Required materials and conditions: Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable groups and exposure/denominators
Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable groups and exposure/denominators must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable groups and exposure/denominators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N34 · Are actual stored-summary reading and external-source links distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Access table for stored JSON, abstracts, full text, review/trial registration and protocols/SAPs
Conditions for verification: Original records on Access table for stored JSON, abstracts, full text, review/trial registration and protocols/SAPs must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Access table for stored JSON, abstracts, full text, review/trial registration and protocols/SAPs is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N35 · Are generic English wording, corrections and Korean/English expressions preserved?

Required materials and conditions: Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

N36 · Are original grades, axes, evidence date and production kept separate?

Required materials and conditions: Original C46, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction values
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original C46, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction values must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original C46, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction values is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-24 · Public page/material version 1.0

The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 36 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-08) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · Which body-weight question is addressed?

Current findings: The original claim is body-weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity. The principal endpoint is weight change in kg; BMI and waist circumference remain separate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: An eligibility table for population, formulation, control and timing of the single weight endpoint is needed. Composite glycemia/blood-pressure/lipid claims are excluded.
Required materials and conditions: Oral seed/seed oil and weight change in kg in adults with overweight or obesity
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: An eligibility table for population, formulation, control and timing of the single weight endpoint is needed. Composite glycemia/blood-pressure/lipid claims are excluded.
Further research: Material needed: An eligibility table for population, formulation, control and timing of the single weight endpoint is needed. Composite glycemia/blood-pressure/lipid claims are excluded. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral seed/seed oil and weight change in kg in adults with overweight or obesity must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral seed/seed oil and weight change in kg in adults with overweight or obesity is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N02 · Are seed powder and seed oil kept separate?

Current findings: The formulation is oral supplementation with seed powder and seed oil distinguished by formulation subgroups. Other extracts, topical preparations, purified thymoquinone and combinations in the original product notes are not treated as interchangeable.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Product, extraction, standardized constituent quantities and inclusion tables by formulation are needed. A mixed pooled mean does not establish efficacy or equivalence for each formulation.
Required materials and conditions: Original trials and product/constituent tables by powder/oil formulation
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Product, extraction, standardized constituent quantities and inclusion tables by formulation are needed. A mixed pooled mean does not establish efficacy or equivalence for each formulation.
Further research: Material needed: Product, extraction, standardized constituent quantities and inclusion tables by formulation are needed. A mixed pooled mean does not establish efficacy or equivalence for each formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original trials and product/constituent tables by powder/oil formulation must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original trials and product/constituent tables by powder/oil formulation is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N03 · Can doses and active quantities be converted into equivalents?

Current findings: Doses vary by trial; powder and oil doses are not converted into equivalents. No new representative dose, active quantity or recommended dose is created.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original doses, constituents/units, adherence and actual administration are needed. Powder/oil dose equivalence is unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific dose, frequency, actual exposure and active constituents
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original doses, constituents/units, adherence and actual administration are needed. Powder/oil dose equivalence is unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Original doses, constituents/units, adherence and actual administration are needed. Powder/oil dose equivalence is unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific dose, frequency, actual exposure and active constituents must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific dose, frequency, actual exposure and active constituents is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N04 · Are overall durations distinguished from 8 weeks or less?

Current findings: Duration varies by trial, with the subgroup of 8 weeks or less separate. The overall mean is not converted into a result at 8 weeks or less or a sustained long-term effect.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original treatment, measurement, follow-up/post-discontinuation timing and tables by duration group are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific duration, weight-measurement timing and the subgroup of 8 weeks or less
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original treatment, measurement, follow-up/post-discontinuation timing and tables by duration group are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original treatment, measurement, follow-up/post-discontinuation timing and tables by duration group are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific duration, weight-measurement timing and the subgroup of 8 weeks or less must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific duration, weight-measurement timing and the subgroup of 8 weeks or less is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N05 · Are overweight/obesity and mixed-disease studies distinguished?

Current findings: The population is adults including overweight and obesity, with mixed-disease studies separate. A mixed review population is not treated as the same sample as a specific obesity population.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original-trial tables of diagnosis, selection, age, baseline weight and comorbidity are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Inclusion composition by diagnosis, baseline weight/BMI and comorbidity
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original-trial tables of diagnosis, selection, age, baseline weight and comorbidity are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original-trial tables of diagnosis, selection, age, baseline weight and comorbidity are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Inclusion composition by diagnosis, baseline weight/BMI and comorbidity must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Inclusion composition by diagnosis, baseline weight/BMI and comorbidity is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N06 · Are placebo and control-condition arrangements the same?

Current findings: The comparator is placebo or a control condition. Identical placebo and management across all trials are not established.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original records of control composition, masking, lifestyle management and adherence are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific control constituents, management and cointerventions by arm
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original records of control composition, masking, lifestyle management and adherence are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original records of control composition, masking, lifestyle management and adherence are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific control constituents, management and cointerventions by arm must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific control constituents, management and cointerventions by arm is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N07 · Can the effects of concomitant diet and exercise be distinguished?

Current findings: The original rationale, key issue and research description retain concomitant diet/exercise and varied cointerventions. The overall effect is not described as an effect everyone can obtain without diet or exercise.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original diet/exercise arrangements, arm-specific adherence, energy/weight changes and additional interventions are needed. The effect is not isolated as that of seed oil alone.
Required materials and conditions: Matching dietary restriction, exercise, management and concomitant use by arm
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original diet/exercise arrangements, arm-specific adherence, energy/weight changes and additional interventions are needed. The effect is not isolated as that of seed oil alone.
Further research: Material needed: Original diet/exercise arrangements, arm-specific adherence, energy/weight changes and additional interventions are needed. The effect is not isolated as that of seed oil alone. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Matching dietary restriction, exercise, management and concomitant use by arm must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Matching dietary restriction, exercise, management and concomitant use by arm is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N08 · Are medication, other treatment and weight changes distinguished?

Current findings: The original safety description retains cautions about concomitant medications. Actual medication use, changes and arrangements addressing weight effects in included trials are not specified.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Records of medications for glycemia/blood pressure, other treatment, weight-related changes and arm-specific maintenance are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Baseline medications, disease treatment, changes and arm-specific management
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Records of medications for glycemia/blood pressure, other treatment, weight-related changes and arm-specific maintenance are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Records of medications for glycemia/blood pressure, other treatment, weight-related changes and arm-specific maintenance are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Baseline medications, disease treatment, changes and arm-specific management must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline medications, disease treatment, changes and arm-specific management is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N09 · Are the 2018 and 2023 reviews retained as separate reports?

Current findings: R01 is a 2018 meta-analysis of RCTs; R02 is a 2023 updated meta-analysis of RCTs. The reviews are not counted as independent original trials.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Search dates, eligibility criteria, included trials and correspondence with additional reports/registration are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Search, eligibility and inclusion correspondence for the Mousavi and Naghsh reviews
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Search dates, eligibility criteria, included trials and correspondence with additional reports/registration are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Search dates, eligibility criteria, included trials and correspondence with additional reports/registration are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Search, eligibility and inclusion correspondence for the Mousavi and Naghsh reviews must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Search, eligibility and inclusion correspondence for the Mousavi and Naghsh reviews is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N10 · What is the scope of the 13 trials and 875 participants in 2018?

Current findings: R01 records 13 trials and 875 participants. These do not certify a single formulation, completed weight analyses or independent-trial counts.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Inclusion tables and original trials/arm-specific randomized, analyzed and completion denominators by weight endpoint are needed.
Required materials and conditions: R01 included trials/participants and weight-endpoint denominators
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Inclusion tables and original trials/arm-specific randomized, analyzed and completion denominators by weight endpoint are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Inclusion tables and original trials/arm-specific randomized, analyzed and completion denominators by weight endpoint are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on R01 included trials/participants and weight-endpoint denominators must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on R01 included trials/participants and weight-endpoint denominators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N11 · Are the updated review’s 21 trials distinguished from 15 studies and 16 weight comparisons?

Current findings: R02 records 21 trials overall; weight comprises 15 studies, 16 comparisons and approximately 995 participants. Whole-review, weight-study and comparison counts remain separate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Multi-arm, shared-control and sample correspondence for the 15 studies/16 comparisons and original extraction tables are needed. The 21 trials are not converted into a count of unique weight trials.
Required materials and conditions: Study/comparison/participant units for the whole review and weight analysis
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Multi-arm, shared-control and sample correspondence for the 15 studies/16 comparisons and original extraction tables are needed. The 21 trials are not converted into a count of unique weight trials.
Further research: Material needed: Multi-arm, shared-control and sample correspondence for the 15 studies/16 comparisons and original extraction tables are needed. The 21 trials are not converted into a count of unique weight trials. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Study/comparison/participant units for the whole review and weight analysis must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Study/comparison/participant units for the whole review and weight analysis is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N12 · What analysis denominator does approximately 995 participants describe?

Current findings: Approximately 995 participants is the original scale reported with the weight-analysis scope. Exact participant counts, arm-specific numbers and universal completion are not newly established.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original extraction, randomization, analysis, completion and missing-data tables, with overlapping-sample links, are needed. No new total is calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Randomized/analyzed/completed and arm-specific denominators behind the weight-participant description
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original extraction, randomization, analysis, completion and missing-data tables, with overlapping-sample links, are needed. No new total is calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Original extraction, randomization, analysis, completion and missing-data tables, with overlapping-sample links, are needed. No new total is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Randomized/analyzed/completed and arm-specific denominators behind the weight-participant description must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Randomized/analyzed/completed and arm-specific denominators behind the weight-participant description is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N13 · Can original trials shared by the reviews be linked?

Current findings: Overlap in original trials and participants across the meta-analyses is not identified in the stored summaries. The 875 participants and approximately 995 participants are not added.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Each review’s included articles, registration, institution/time and sample correspondence are needed. Final unique-trial and unique-participant totals remain null.
Required materials and conditions: Review–original-trial–additional-report and same-participant correspondence
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Each review’s included articles, registration, institution/time and sample correspondence are needed. Final unique-trial and unique-participant totals remain null.
Further research: Material needed: Each review’s included articles, registration, institution/time and sample correspondence are needed. Final unique-trial and unique-participant totals remain null. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Review–original-trial–additional-report and same-participant correspondence must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Review–original-trial–additional-report and same-participant correspondence is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N14 · What is the 2018 weight estimate?

Current findings: R01 reports weight −1.76 kg (95% CI −3.34 to −0.17), I²=87.4%, with a null waist-circumference result. Weight and waist results remain separate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original pooling tables, inclusions/weights, final values versus changes and models are needed. Effects are not recalculated.
Required materials and conditions: R01 weight in kg, 95% CI, heterogeneity and analysis arrangements
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original pooling tables, inclusions/weights, final values versus changes and models are needed. Effects are not recalculated.
Further research: Material needed: Original pooling tables, inclusions/weights, final values versus changes and models are needed. Effects are not recalculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on R01 weight in kg, 95% CI, heterogeneity and analysis arrangements must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on R01 weight in kg, 95% CI, heterogeneity and analysis arrangements is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N15 · What is the 2023 overall weight estimate?

Current findings: R02 weight is −1.46 kg (95% CI −2.53 to −0.39), I²=94.6%. BMI −0.58, I²=87.1%, and a null waist result are retained as separate endpoints.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original weight-pooling tables, weights, variance, models and extraction/timing material are needed. Values are not replicated as results for each formulation/population.
Required materials and conditions: R02 weight in kg, 95% CI and original analysis scope
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original weight-pooling tables, weights, variance, models and extraction/timing material are needed. Values are not replicated as results for each formulation/population.
Further research: Material needed: Original weight-pooling tables, weights, variance, models and extraction/timing material are needed. Values are not replicated as results for each formulation/population. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on R02 weight in kg, 95% CI and original analysis scope must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on R02 weight in kg, 95% CI and original analysis scope is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N16 · Is extreme heterogeneity retained alongside the mean?

Current findings: The original 2023 I²=94.6% and 2018 I²=87.4% are retained. The original key issue emphasizes heterogeneity in formulation, diet and population over the mean alone.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Heterogeneity, sensitivity/classification, model and original-trial material are needed. Prediction intervals or causal proportions are not invented, and effects are not generalized to everyone.
Required materials and conditions: Overall heterogeneity and formulation/disease/duration/cointervention explanations
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Heterogeneity, sensitivity/classification, model and original-trial material are needed. Prediction intervals or causal proportions are not invented, and effects are not generalized to everyone.
Further research: Material needed: Heterogeneity, sensitivity/classification, model and original-trial material are needed. Prediction intervals or causal proportions are not invented, and effects are not generalized to everyone. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Overall heterogeneity and formulation/disease/duration/cointervention explanations must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Overall heterogeneity and formulation/disease/duration/cointervention explanations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N17 · Is the null obesity-subgroup finding distinguished from the positive overall result?

Current findings: The original Korean answer describes a null obesity subgroup, while the original English answer describes a null overweight/obesity subgroup. Both original wordings are retained; subgroup values absent from structured results are not invented.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original subgroup definitions, effects/CIs, denominators, interactions and prospective plans are needed. The overall −1.46 kg is not replicated as the subgroup value.
Required materials and conditions: Effects, CIs, denominators and prespecification for obesity/overweight-obesity subgroups
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original subgroup definitions, effects/CIs, denominators, interactions and prospective plans are needed. The overall −1.46 kg is not replicated as the subgroup value.
Further research: Material needed: Original subgroup definitions, effects/CIs, denominators, interactions and prospective plans are needed. The overall −1.46 kg is not replicated as the subgroup value. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Effects, CIs, denominators and prespecification for obesity/overweight-obesity subgroups must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Effects, CIs, denominators and prespecification for obesity/overweight-obesity subgroups is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N18 · Is the null finding at 8 weeks or less retained?

Current findings: The original answer states that weight effects in trials of 8 weeks or less were not statistically significant. Separate values, CIs and denominators are absent from the structured result.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original duration tables, prespecification, interactions and formulation/population differences are needed. The overall estimate is not substituted for a short-duration subgroup value.
Required materials and conditions: Duration-subgroup definitions, effects, CIs and denominators
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original duration tables, prespecification, interactions and formulation/population differences are needed. The overall estimate is not substituted for a short-duration subgroup value.
Further research: Material needed: Original duration tables, prespecification, interactions and formulation/population differences are needed. The overall estimate is not substituted for a short-duration subgroup value. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Duration-subgroup definitions, effects, CIs and denominators must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Duration-subgroup definitions, effects, CIs and denominators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N19 · Are powder/oil subgroups equivalent to a direct superiority comparison?

Current findings: The original formulation description separates subgroups; the grade rationale describes unstable formulation/population subgroups. Exact results for each formulation and direct superiority comparisons are not retained.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original formulation-subgroup tables, prospective plans, interactions and direct comparisons are needed. Seed/oil superiority or equivalence is not established.
Required materials and conditions: Effects/CIs, denominators and prespecification by formulation, and direct comparisons
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original formulation-subgroup tables, prospective plans, interactions and direct comparisons are needed. Seed/oil superiority or equivalence is not established.
Further research: Material needed: Original formulation-subgroup tables, prospective plans, interactions and direct comparisons are needed. Seed/oil superiority or equivalence is not established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Effects/CIs, denominators and prespecification by formulation, and direct comparisons must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Effects/CIs, denominators and prespecification by formulation, and direct comparisons is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N20 · Are earlier favorable directions kept distinct from independent replication?

Current findings: The original counterview mentions favorable mean directions in two earlier meta-analyses and an updated analysis. The structured evidence contains two reports; additional unidentified earlier reports are not invented.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Corresponding citations, years and included trials for each narrative statement are needed. Agreement in review directions does not certify independent replication of an identical formulation.
Required materials and conditions: Links between earlier reviews mentioned in the narrative, structured reports and original trials
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Corresponding citations, years and included trials for each narrative statement are needed. Agreement in review directions does not certify independent replication of an identical formulation.
Further research: Material needed: Corresponding citations, years and included trials for each narrative statement are needed. Agreement in review directions does not certify independent replication of an identical formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Links between earlier reviews mentioned in the narrative, structured reports and original trials must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Links between earlier reviews mentioned in the narrative, structured reports and original trials is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N21 · Are weight in kg, BMI and waist circumference separate endpoints?

Current findings: The original rationale and principal endpoint distinguish these endpoints. R02 BMI −0.58/I²=87.1% and null waist results, and R01’s null waist result, are not combined with weight estimates.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original effects/CIs, units, denominators and hierarchy are requested separately for each endpoint. BMI is not converted into kg.
Required materials and conditions: Definitions, units, denominators and timing for weight in kg versus BMI/waist
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original effects/CIs, units, denominators and hierarchy are requested separately for each endpoint. BMI is not converted into kg.
Further research: Material needed: Original effects/CIs, units, denominators and hierarchy are requested separately for each endpoint. BMI is not converted into kg. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Definitions, units, denominators and timing for weight in kg versus BMI/waist must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Definitions, units, denominators and timing for weight in kg versus BMI/waist is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N22 · What are the weight-measurement, baseline-adjustment and change-score arrangements?

Current findings: The principal endpoint is weight change in kg. Original-trial measurement/adjustment and review extraction arrangements are not retained in detail.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original measurement, timing, baseline values, extraction tables, variance handling/models and analysis plans are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Measurement procedures, baseline weight, final values versus changes, variance and analysis populations
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original measurement, timing, baseline values, extraction tables, variance handling/models and analysis plans are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Original measurement, timing, baseline values, extraction tables, variance handling/models and analysis plans are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Measurement procedures, baseline weight, final values versus changes, variance and analysis populations must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Measurement procedures, baseline weight, final values versus changes, variance and analysis populations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N23 · What supports allocation, masking and risk assessment?

Current findings: The reports are meta-analyses of RCTs. Original methods, individual risk assessments and formal-tool results have not been externally read in this work.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original-trial methods, registration/plans and the reviews’ assessment grounds are needed. No formal RoB2/GRADE or new suitability judgment is produced.
Required materials and conditions: Original-RCT allocation, concealment, masking and individual assessment grounds
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original-trial methods, registration/plans and the reviews’ assessment grounds are needed. No formal RoB2/GRADE or new suitability judgment is produced.
Further research: Material needed: Original-trial methods, registration/plans and the reviews’ assessment grounds are needed. No formal RoB2/GRADE or new suitability judgment is produced. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original-RCT allocation, concealment, masking and individual assessment grounds must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original-RCT allocation, concealment, masking and individual assessment grounds is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N24 · What is known about missing data, withdrawals, analysis exclusions and selective reporting?

Current findings: Retained sample descriptions concern review scale and weight studies/comparisons. Missing data, withdrawals and analysis exclusions by arm are not specified.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Arm-specific flows, exclusion reasons, missing-data handling, original results at all time points and sensitivity material are needed.
Required materials and conditions: Missing weight data, withdrawals, analysis sets and all time points by arm
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Arm-specific flows, exclusion reasons, missing-data handling, original results at all time points and sensitivity material are needed.
Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific flows, exclusion reasons, missing-data handling, original results at all time points and sensitivity material are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Missing weight data, withdrawals, analysis sets and all time points by arm must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Missing weight data, withdrawals, analysis sets and all time points by arm is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N25 · Are PROSPERO review registration and original-trial registration distinguished?

Current findings: R02 is described as PROSPERO-registered, with CRD42022358471 in the citation. Original trial registration is recorded as unconfirmed. A review registration number does not confirm original-trial registration or prespecification.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original review registration, versions/dates and plans, plus individual-trial registrations, are needed. A recorded identifier is not promoted to current reading or certification of adherence to plans.
Required materials and conditions: Review plans for CRD42022358471 and registration for each original trial
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original review registration, versions/dates and plans, plus individual-trial registrations, are needed. A recorded identifier is not promoted to current reading or certification of adherence to plans.
Further research: Material needed: Original review registration, versions/dates and plans, plus individual-trial registrations, are needed. A recorded identifier is not promoted to current reading or certification of adherence to plans. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Review plans for CRD42022358471 and registration for each original trial must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Review plans for CRD42022358471 and registration for each original trial is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N26 · Is a prospective hierarchy for the main weight analysis and subgroups confirmed?

Current findings: A summary selecting weight, review-registration bibliography and null subgroup findings are retained. Actual prospective endpoint/subgroup arrangements remain unread here.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Review/original-trial protocols, SAPs, registration versions and all result tables are needed. No new conclusion that subgroups were post hoc is made.
Required materials and conditions: Plans for primary endpoints, duration/disease/formulation subgroups and multiplicity
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Review/original-trial protocols, SAPs, registration versions and all result tables are needed. No new conclusion that subgroups were post hoc is made.
Further research: Material needed: Review/original-trial protocols, SAPs, registration versions and all result tables are needed. No new conclusion that subgroups were post hoc is made. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Plans for primary endpoints, duration/disease/formulation subgroups and multiplicity must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Plans for primary endpoints, duration/disease/formulation subgroups and multiplicity is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N27 · Are importance, sustained loss and clinical effects kept within the retained scope?

Current findings: The original grade rationale retains a small mean, heterogeneity and instability. The advertising assessment does not support large weight loss for everyone without diet or exercise.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Direct material on prospective importance/responders, body composition, persistence/regain and clinical events is needed. A mean in kg is not converted into individual success rates or large/sustained loss.
Required materials and conditions: Original weight-importance criteria, responders and long-term/post-discontinuation course
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Direct material on prospective importance/responders, body composition, persistence/regain and clinical events is needed. A mean in kg is not converted into individual success rates or large/sustained loss.
Further research: Material needed: Direct material on prospective importance/responders, body composition, persistence/regain and clinical events is needed. A mean in kg is not converted into individual success rates or large/sustained loss. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original weight-importance criteria, responders and long-term/post-discontinuation course must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original weight-importance criteria, responders and long-term/post-discontinuation course is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N28 · Are independent replication and optimal dosing of an identical formulation confirmed?

Current findings: The original R1/I1 axes are retained. The reviews and pooled means across mixed formulations do not newly certify replication or optimal dosing for a particular product.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Direct studies linking trial families, products, teams/funding and dose/timing are needed. Final unique-trial and participant numbers remain null.
Required materials and conditions: Original-trial families and independent teams for an identical product/population/comparator/duration
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Direct studies linking trial families, products, teams/funding and dose/timing are needed. Final unique-trial and participant numbers remain null.
Further research: Material needed: Direct studies linking trial families, products, teams/funding and dose/timing are needed. Final unique-trial and participant numbers remain null. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original-trial families and independent teams for an identical product/population/comparator/duration must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original-trial families and independent teams for an identical product/population/comparator/duration is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N29 · Are the four channels of company involvement known?

Current findings: R01 records incomplete tracing of individual-trial funding; R02 records incomplete individual-trial funding and independence. Generic English funding wording is not complete supporting material.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original funding, product provision, author affiliations and COI are needed. Unverified information is not converted into a strength for independence.
Required materials and conditions: Review/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original funding, product provision, author affiliations and COI are needed. Unverified information is not converted into a strength for independence.
Further research: Material needed: Original funding, product provision, author affiliations and COI are needed. Unverified information is not converted into a strength for independence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Review/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Review/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N30 · Are harm collection, events and discontinuations known?

Current findings: The original safety label is Caution, with small trials unable to exclude rare/long-term harms. Specific collection methods and event tables are absent from stored summaries.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations and missing-data material are needed. Unread material is not converted into an absence of events.
Required materials and conditions: Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection, severity and discontinuations
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations and missing-data material are needed. Unread material is not converted into an absence of events.
Further research: Material needed: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations and missing-data material are needed. Unread material is not converted into an absence of events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection, severity and discontinuations must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection, severity and discontinuations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N31 · What are the harm denominators and exposure durations?

Current findings: The 13 trials/875 participants, 21 trials and approximately 995 weight participants do not establish safety denominators. Durations and products also vary.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Safety denominators, arm-specific event counts, exposure, control groups and withdrawal records are needed. Incidence or participant totals are not calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific safety sets, actual administration, exposure and events/controls
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Safety denominators, arm-specific event counts, exposure, control groups and withdrawal records are needed. Incidence or participant totals are not calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Safety denominators, arm-specific event counts, exposure, control groups and withdrawal records are needed. Incidence or participant totals are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Arm-specific safety sets, actual administration, exposure and events/controls must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Arm-specific safety sets, actual administration, exposure and events/controls is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N32 · What is known about concomitant medicines, alternative causes and event timing?

Current findings: The original safety wording calls for consultation during medication use. It is not material establishing actual drug-specific interactions, events or causality.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Original concomitant use, baseline disease, changes, event timing, controls and dechallenge/rechallenge records are needed. No new causality judgment is made.
Required materials and conditions: Glucose-, blood-pressure-, anticoagulant-, antiseizure- and immune-modifying drugs and event course
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Original concomitant use, baseline disease, changes, event timing, controls and dechallenge/rechallenge records are needed. No new causality judgment is made.
Further research: Material needed: Original concomitant use, baseline disease, changes, event timing, controls and dechallenge/rechallenge records are needed. No new causality judgment is made. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Glucose-, blood-pressure-, anticoagulant-, antiseizure- and immune-modifying drugs and event course must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Glucose-, blood-pressure-, anticoagulant-, antiseizure- and immune-modifying drugs and event course is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N33 · Are long-term, rare and vulnerable-population harms certified?

Current findings: The original text retains consultation cautions for pregnancy/breastfeeding, children, liver/kidney disease and surgery, and limitations for long-term/rare harms. Mixed short trials do not certify safety in these settings.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Long-term, rare and vulnerable-population material, independent event reports, exposure and denominators are needed. No new harm search or reassessment is executed.
Required materials and conditions: Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable groups and exposure/denominators
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Long-term, rare and vulnerable-population material, independent event reports, exposure and denominators are needed. No new harm search or reassessment is executed.
Further research: Material needed: Long-term, rare and vulnerable-population material, independent event reports, exposure and denominators are needed. No new harm search or reassessment is executed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable groups and exposure/denominators must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable groups and exposure/denominators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N34 · Are actual stored-summary reading and external-source links distinguished?

Current findings: The complete stored JSON was read for preparation; PubMed/DOI links and PROSPERO bibliography are retained records. External abstracts, full text, registration and protocols/SAPs remain unread.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: External material remains unread before user-provided acquisition and review. A URL/registration number alone does not establish reading, accessibility or fulfilled conditions.
Required materials and conditions: Access table for stored JSON, abstracts, full text, review/trial registration and protocols/SAPs
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: External material remains unread before user-provided acquisition and review. A URL/registration number alone does not establish reading, accessibility or fulfilled conditions.
Further research: Material needed: External material remains unread before user-provided acquisition and review. A URL/registration number alone does not establish reading, accessibility or fulfilled conditions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Access table for stored JSON, abstracts, full text, review/trial registration and protocols/SAPs must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Access table for stored JSON, abstracts, full text, review/trial registration and protocols/SAPs is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N35 · Are generic English wording, corrections and Korean/English expressions preserved?

Current findings: The original correction records changes to 2 English-placeholder fields while retaining grade, score, citations and evidence date. Generic evidence-table wording and the Korean obesity versus English overweight/obesity expressions are also preserved.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: Earlier correction targets and external English-source comparison are not revisited here. The original correction is not presented as newly completed QA.
Required materials and conditions: Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: Earlier correction targets and external English-source comparison are not revisited here. The original correction is not presented as newly completed QA.
Further research: Material needed: Earlier correction targets and external English-source comparison are not revisited here. The original correction is not presented as newly completed QA. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02

N36 · Are original grades, axes, evidence date and production kept separate?

Current findings: C/46/Caution, original axes, the evidence date 2026-09-08 and corrections are retained. The original grade rationale’s 0 strengths is a historical statement, not a current quality-score calculation.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
Reason for missing information: What remains unverified in stored summaries: New evidence, condition revisions and verdict changes are separate events after user review. The original evidence date is not converted into a current search end date or external-reading date.
Required materials and conditions: Original C46, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction values
Materials to obtain first: Additional material needed: New evidence, condition revisions and verdict changes are separate events after user review. The original evidence date is not converted into a current search end date or external-reading date.
Further research: Material needed: New evidence, condition revisions and verdict changes are separate events after user review. The original evidence date is not converted into a current search end date or external-reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in original-trial overlap, denominators, formulations and cointerventions, subgroup definitions and prespecification, heterogeneity, missing data, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Original records on Original C46, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction values must link to the relevant report, original trial, analysis unit, timing and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Material on Original C46, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction values is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparison, weight endpoint, timing, denominator or harm scope.
Application exceptions: Review-wide counts remain distinct from studies, comparisons and participants in weight analyses, with overlap unconfirmed. Mixed pooled means are not converted into results or safety for each formulation, subgroup or individual; weight, BMI and waist circumference remain distinct.
Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish the question, formulation, population, reports and original trials, endpoints, timing, denominators, heterogeneity, support and harms in the retained body-weight record.

Related sources R01 R02