Buteyko for Adult Asthma × Preventing Exacerbations or Replacing Inhaled Therapy — Unproven · Evidence and Gaps Sheet

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhat are the selected exacerbation-prevention and inhaled-therapy-replacement question and the parent verdict?Required	The selection concerns prevention of asthma exacerbations or replacement of inhaled therapy, with original subclaim D. Its explanation retains no improvement in exacerbations and clinically supervised medication reductions. Parent C50 concerns a different question about symptoms and rescue use. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Selected claim, original grade and explanation versus the parent symptom and rescue-use context	Material needed: The selection has no separate score, status or axes. Original structure and authorized change records are needed; missing fields are not filled with parent values. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionAre exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement the same outcome?Required	The existing Korean question combines exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement; English records prevention or replacement. Reduced medication use is distinguished from complete replacement. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Separate definitions of exacerbation events, therapy replacement and medication reduction	Material needed: Original plans are needed for exacerbation definitions, the target replacement effect, whether complete withdrawal occurred and comparator conditions. No personal medication-withdrawal or tapering instructions are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionWhich adults with asthma do the findings concern?Required	The original report-specific contexts retain 39 adults, 90 randomized and 69 completed, 129 assigned and 119 assessed at 6 months, and 60 adults separately. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, recent exacerbations, age and eligibility	Material needed: Trial-specific eligibility, baseline exacerbation risk, ICS doses and control levels are needed. The parent representative population is not used as the denominator for every trial or event, and no new total is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionWhich adjunctive Buteyko training was studied?Required	The original summary concerns Buteyko education added to adult asthma care. General breathing retraining or pranayama is not pooled as the same intervention. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Instructors, programs, contact, actual practice and existing care	Material needed: Teaching, contact time, amounts of practice, adherence and trial-specific manuals are needed. Study descriptions are not converted into new breathing-practice instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionAre contact, expectations and background care the same across comparators?Required	The original summary distinguishes different comparators. Cooper has 3 arms of Buteyko, pranayama and placebo; Cowie uses physiotherapist-led breathing education, and Vagedes uses usual care. S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Mappings for education, sham devices, pranayama, active education and usual care	Material needed: Original materials are needed for teaching, contact, expectations and existing care for each comparator. Different comparisons are not pooled as one exacerbation-prevention or therapy-replacement effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionHave allocation, masking and exacerbation assessment been verified?Required	Bowler's blinded-trial label and the randomized-trial descriptions of other reports are preserved. The original summary retains difficulties with masking the intervention and lack of masking as limitations. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Allocation, concealment and masking of participants, assessors and analysts	Material needed: Trial-specific allocation concealment, masking roles and independent exacerbation-assessment procedures are needed. Design labels are not treated as completed review of every bias domain. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionWhat is established by Cooper's null exacerbation finding?Required	Cooper's original endpoints include exacerbations, and the results record null objective measures, exacerbations and ICS. S02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Exacerbation definitions, event counts, arm-specific denominators, observation time, effects and CIs	Material needed: Original tables are needed for exacerbation event counts, arm-specific denominators, definitions, follow-up, estimates and CIs. A null finding does not establish an effect of 0 or equivalence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWhat is the hierarchy of symptom co-primary outcomes and exacerbations?Required	The parent retains symptom co-primary signals alongside null airway responsiveness in the trial of 90 participants. S02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	The prespecified relationship of symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes to exacerbations	Material needed: Original plans, endpoint lists, analysis plans and records of exacerbation hierarchy, multiplicity and changes are needed. Symptom signals are not reassigned as successful exacerbation prevention. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionWhat do Cooper's 90 participants, 69 completers and missingness mean?Required	The original 90 randomized and 69 completed are retained alongside the parent's 23% attrition wording. No new attrition or event rate is calculated. S02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Assignment, completion, arm-specific analysis, missing exacerbations and analysis populations	Material needed: Original records are needed for completion by arm, exacerbation-analysis denominators, missingness, withdrawal reasons and assignment-based versus completer analyses. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionAre Bowler's rescue-use and ICS findings the same?Required	In 39 adults, median beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, are distinguished from ICS P=.06. These do not confirm replacement of inhaled therapy. S01	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Original beta2-agonist and ICS findings and tapering policies	Material needed: Materials are needed for arm mappings, units, analysis rules, ICS effects and CIs, complete replacement, exacerbations and tapering policies. Median differences are not newly calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionHow are Cooper's symptoms and rescue use distinguished from ICS and exacerbations?Required	Symptom medians of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003, and bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005, are preserved separately from null exacerbations and ICS. S02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Values, denominators and prespecified hierarchy for each arm and outcome	Material needed: Direct CIs, arm mappings, denominators and original plans are needed for each outcome. Symptom and rescue-use figures are not used as exacerbation event counts, ICS-replacement effects or cure. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionWhat are Cowie's primary asthma-control and secondary ICS findings?Required	Control at 6 months of 79% versus 72%, P=.4, missing-as-failure findings of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, and ICS reduction of 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, are preserved separately. S03	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Primary findings, missing-data sensitivity and secondary ICS against active education	Material needed: Materials are needed for exacerbations, the extent of tapering, direct CIs and prespecified rules. Secondary ICS signals are not promoted into success on primary control or complete replacement of inhaled therapy. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionWhat do Cowie's 129 participants, 119 assessed and arm-specific withdrawals mean?Required	The original 129 assigned and 119 assessed at 6 months are retained alongside the bibliography's wording of imbalanced withdrawals by arm. S03	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Denominators for assignment, assessment and secondary outcomes, and missingness by arm	Material needed: Materials are needed for arm-specific allocation, missingness, outcome-denominator relationships and missing taper-safety information. The original missing-as-failure sensitivity is not reproduced as a new analysis, and population differences are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWhat are Vagedes's primary and secondary findings and objective measures?Required	The original summary of 60 adults records primary and some secondary signals alongside null FEV1 and FeNO and registration after recruitment. S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing voluntary control pause, ACQ and medication from FEV1 and FeNO	Material needed: Direct events and designs for exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement, original plans and medication policies are needed. Control pause, ACQ and medication findings are not converted into confirmation of the selected question. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionWhat do NCT03098849 and post-recruitment registration mean?Required	Vagedes's original evidence and bibliography contain NCT03098849, and the results describe registration after recruitment. S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Registration identifiers, timing, original plans and change history	Material needed: Original registration, recruitment and registration dates, changes and analysis plans are unread. Preserving an identifier is not labeled as verification of prespecification or new external reading. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionWhat does registration wording for the other trials mean?Required	Bowler and Cooper's preregistry-era wording and Cowie's unverified-registration wording are preserved as original records. S01 S02 S03	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing historical registration fields from current content verification	Material needed: Original plans, registration or historical documents are needed. Historical statements of absence or uncertainty are not converted into completed new registry searches or content verification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionWhat is the context of standard inhaled care and clinically supervised reduction?Supplementary	The original summary records adjunctive training added to standard inhaled care and medication reduction under clinical review. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Existing care, clinical review and the extent of reduction within studies	Material needed: Original materials are needed for medications, doses, reduction criteria, monitoring, complete withdrawal and replacement comparisons. The study context is not converted into personal medication-replacement or tapering instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionHave precision and clinical meaning for exacerbation prevention been established?Required	The original account and subclaim explanation of null exacerbations and unproven prevention are retained. S02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Between-arm exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, severity and sample planning	Material needed: Direct exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, sample plans and original severity-specific results are needed. No new relative risk, incidence or CI is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionHow are airway function, symptoms and exacerbations distinguished?Required	The original summary separately records repeated null objective findings and some symptom and rescue-use signals. S01 S02 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Separate FEV1, PEF, PD20, FeNO, symptom and exacerbation findings	Material needed: Original materials, exact values, clinical events and analysis tables are needed for each outcome. Symptom signals are not reassigned as evidence of improved airway function, exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionDo several weeks to 6 months answer long-term prevention or replacement questions?Supplementary	Bowler's 3 months, Cowie's 6 months and the parent's trial-specific range of several weeks to 6 months are preserved separately. S01 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Trial-specific periods, persistence, long-term exacerbations and therapy outcomes	Material needed: Direct materials are needed for long-term exacerbations, hospitalization, emergency care, and safety and persistence of therapy replacement. The same observation period is not copied to every outcome or harm. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionHave independent replication, heterogeneity and shared reports been established?Required	The 4 reports from different periods and comparators are preserved. Agreement in symptom direction is not converted into independent confirmation of the selected exacerbation or replacement question. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Matching comparisons, exacerbation and replacement outcomes, support and population relationships	Material needed: Independent materials under matching questions and analysis conditions, cohorts, plans, support and full results are needed. Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals are not established or summed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionAre Bowler and Cooper's funding, support and interests known?Required	The original evidence records that specific funding and COI for both reports are unverified. S01 S02	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Funding, product and teaching support, employee authors, interests and roles	Material needed: Original funding, support, affiliations, interests and analysis-role materials are needed for each report. Uncertainty is not filled in as independent funding, absent support or absent interests. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionDoes Cowie's anonymous donation verify independence?Required	The original summary retains Cowie's anonymous donor and unverified independence. S03	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Donors, teaching support, authorship, analysis roles and control	Material needed: Original documents are needed for donor identity, support, affiliations, COI and control over the study. Anonymous donations are not established as independent funding. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionWhat do Vagedes's public or institutional support and historical checks mean?Required	Original wording about public or institutional support and detailed full-text COI checks is preserved as a historical record. S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Original support and COI wording versus materials actually read in this work	Material needed: External funding, affiliation, COI and role materials are unread in this work. Historical checks are not inherited as current reading, completed review or certification of independence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionHave harms related to reduction or acute exacerbations been established?Supplementary	The original context of supervised medication adjustment and safety cautions is retained. No new breathing, therapy-replacement or tapering instructions are written. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Harm definitions, events, denominators, timing, monitoring and discontinuation	Material needed: Trial-specific adverse events, denominators, observation times, discontinuation, safety monitoring and missingness are needed. General caution wording is not converted into absent events or harm incidence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about concurrent care, comparative harms and other populations?Supplementary	The parent caution verdict and the scope of adjunctive standard-care studies are preserved. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Existing medication, training exposure, comparator-specific harms and long-term risks	Material needed: Comparator-specific harms, concurrent exposures, alternative causes and direct acute, high-risk and long-term materials are needed. These are not converted into treatment-safety certification or new management guidance. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
27	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionHow are parent axes, bilingual wording, dates and corrections retained?Required	Parent C50, split co-primary and failed-primary-positive-secondary flags, bilingual wording, 2026-09-07 and empty correction lists and reasons are preserved in the original. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Distinguishing parent grade and axes from selected D and absent fields	Material needed: Original records and authorized correction events are needed. Parent values or historical checks are not inherited as subclaim scores, axes, new judgments or completed current content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
28	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionIs reading the stored summary the same as reading external materials?Required	The complete stored review summary and bibliography were used for production. Summary reading is distinguished from unread external materials and bibliographic links. S01 S02 S03 S04	Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.	Access status of originals, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support by report	Material needed: Actual acquisition and reading of external papers, registration, plans and support materials are needed. Historical-check wording, URLs and original material dates alone do not raise verification status. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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28 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: The stored materials concern adults with asthma. Report-specific populations of 39, 90 assigned and 69 completed, 129 assigned and 119 assessed, and 60 are kept in their respective contexts. Eligibility, severity, baseline exacerbation risk, medication doses and event-specific valid denominators are unverified. The parent representative population is not copied as the denominator for every report, and no new participant total is created.
Ingredient, formulation and route: The intervention is Buteyko breathing training added to standard inhaled care. Medication reduction under clinical review in the original summary is a study-care context, distinguished from evidence of complete replacement of inhaled therapy. Detailed teaching, actual practice, adherence and concurrent care are unverified; no personal breathing, medication-withdrawal or tapering instructions are created.
Dose: The preserved program names and teaching context are transferred. Quantified teaching, amounts of practice, actual exposure, medication doses, reduction criteria and monitoring procedures are unverified. Reduced medication use or voluntary control pause is not converted into an individual's optimal breathing amount, therapy replacement or tapering steps.
Comparator: Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, active physiotherapist-led breathing education and usual care are distinguished by report. Original materials are needed to map contact, expectations, existing care and medication policies. Different comparisons are not pooled as the same exacerbation-prevention effect, and an adjunctive-training comparison is not assumed to compare complete withdrawal or replacement of standard inhaled care.
Measured outcome: The selection is prevention of asthma exacerbations or replacement of inhaled therapy, retaining original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes. Its original explanation of no exacerbation benefit and clinically supervised medication reduction is preserved. Cooper's null exacerbations and gaps in events, denominators and CIs are distinguished from reduced medication use, symptom or rescue-use signals, null primary asthma control and secondary ICS findings. Both outcomes are explained within the same subclaim without creating new independent claims, effects or equivalence conclusions.
Duration: Bowler's 3 months, Cowie's 6 months and the parent's trial-specific range of several weeks to 6 months are distinguished. Exact measurement windows for other reports, outcomes and medication policies are unverified. The same period is not copied to every exacerbation or harm, nor extended into long-term prevention, hospitalization, emergency care, or the persistence and safety of therapy replacement.
Questions outside this scope: Symptom or rescue-use signals and reduced medication use are not used as evidence of exacerbation prevention, complete replacement of inhaled therapy or cure.; Primary, co-primary and secondary outcomes, missing-data sensitivity, arm- and event-specific denominators and timing are distinguished.; Null exacerbations are distinguished from gaps in exact effects and CIs; an effect of 0, equivalence or a new grade is not established.; Comparisons with breathing education, sham devices, pranayama, active education and usual care are not pooled as the same therapy-replacement comparison.; Samples, assigned or completed populations, medication denominators and shared reports are not summed into new participant, event, attrition or independent-replication totals.; Registration identifiers, historical access, support or COI checks and original material dates are not labeled as current external reading or verification of prespecification.; Study reductions under clinical supervision and limited observation are not converted into personal inhaler withdrawal, therapy replacement, breathing steps, acute-attack management or long-term safety guidance.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

S01 · Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA. Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 1998;169:575-578. PMID: 9887897. DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x.

PubMed

Material type: Stored controlled report providing related symptom, medication and care-management context
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Median beta2-agonist reduction 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002; FEV1 and PEF null; ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09
Record level: This is the 3-month context in 39 adults with asthma in 1998. Median beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, are distinguished from ICS P=.06, QOL P=.09 and null FEV1 and PEF. It is a related medication, symptom and objective-measure report, not direct confirmation of exacerbation prevention or complete replacement of inhaled therapy.
Study overlap and independent replication: The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific linkage groups are not counted as established totals of unique trials, participants or independent replications. Agreement in symptom direction is not converted into independent confirmation of the same exacerbation or therapy-replacement question; exact registration, recruitment, cohort, support, comparator and endpoint links remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 9887897, DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x and preregistry-era wording. Specific funding, COI, support roles and independence are unverified. A blinding label and supervised-reduction context do not establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897, DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x and preregistry-era wording. Specific funding, COI, support roles and independence are unverified. A blinding label and supervised-reduction context do not establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897, DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x and preregistry-era wording. Specific funding, COI, support roles and independence are unverified. A blinding label and supervised-reduction context do not establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897, DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x and preregistry-era wording. Specific funding, COI, support roles and independence are unverified. A blinding label and supervised-reduction context do not establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897, DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x and preregistry-era wording. Specific funding, COI, support roles and independence are unverified. A blinding label and supervised-reduction context do not establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 9887897, DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x and preregistry-era wording. Specific funding, COI, support roles and independence are unverified. A blinding label and supervised-reduction context do not establish exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.

S02 · Cooper S, Oborne J, Newton S, et al. Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2003;58:674-679. PMID: 12885982. PMCID: PMC1746772. DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674.

PubMed

Material type: Stored controlled report directly related to selected exacerbation findings
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Median symptom change -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003; bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005; objective outcomes, exacerbations, and ICS null
Record level: The 2003 trial retains 3 arms and original wording of 90 assigned, 69 completed and 23% attrition. Null exacerbations and ICS are distinguished from symptoms of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003, and bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005. It directly concerns the selected exacerbation outcome, but event counts, denominators, definitions, effects, CIs and prespecified hierarchy are unverified.
Study overlap and independent replication: The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific linkage groups are not counted as established totals of unique trials, participants or independent replications. Agreement in symptom direction is not converted into independent confirmation of the same exacerbation or therapy-replacement question; exact registration, recruitment, cohort, support, comparator and endpoint links remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772, DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674 and preregistry-era wording. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading; completer, lack-of-masking and split co-primary contexts are retained. Funding, COI and direct exacerbation effects and CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772, DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674 and preregistry-era wording. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading; completer, lack-of-masking and split co-primary contexts are retained. Funding, COI and direct exacerbation effects and CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772, DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674 and preregistry-era wording. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading; completer, lack-of-masking and split co-primary contexts are retained. Funding, COI and direct exacerbation effects and CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772, DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674 and preregistry-era wording. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading; completer, lack-of-masking and split co-primary contexts are retained. Funding, COI and direct exacerbation effects and CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772, DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674 and preregistry-era wording. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading; completer, lack-of-masking and split co-primary contexts are retained. Funding, COI and direct exacerbation effects and CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772, DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674 and preregistry-era wording. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading; completer, lack-of-masking and split co-primary contexts are retained. Funding, COI and direct exacerbation effects and CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.

S03 · Cowie RL, Conley DP, Underwood MF, Reader PG. A randomised controlled trial of the Buteyko technique as an adjunct to conventional management of asthma. Respir Med. 2008;102:726-732. PMID: 18249107. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012.

PubMed

Material type: Stored controlled report providing related symptom, medication and care-management context
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Control 79% versus 72%, P=.4; missing-as-failure 68% versus 70%, P=.7; ICS reduction 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02
Record level: The 2008 active-breathing-education comparison retains 129 assigned and 119 assessed at 6 months. Control of 79% versus 72%, P=.4, and missing-as-failure findings of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, are null; ICS reduction of 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, is a separate secondary outcome. These are not promoted into primary-outcome success, exacerbation prevention or complete replacement of inhaled therapy, and no new population difference is calculated.
Study overlap and independent replication: The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific linkage groups are not counted as established totals of unique trials, participants or independent replications. Agreement in symptom direction is not converted into independent confirmation of the same exacerbation or therapy-replacement question; exact registration, recruitment, cohort, support, comparator and endpoint links remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. Anonymous donation, unverified independence and imbalanced withdrawals by arm are distinguished. Asthma-control and secondary ICS denominators do not establish exacerbation or complete-replacement denominators or confirmation. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. Anonymous donation, unverified independence and imbalanced withdrawals by arm are distinguished. Asthma-control and secondary ICS denominators do not establish exacerbation or complete-replacement denominators or confirmation. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. Anonymous donation, unverified independence and imbalanced withdrawals by arm are distinguished. Asthma-control and secondary ICS denominators do not establish exacerbation or complete-replacement denominators or confirmation. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. Anonymous donation, unverified independence and imbalanced withdrawals by arm are distinguished. Asthma-control and secondary ICS denominators do not establish exacerbation or complete-replacement denominators or confirmation. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. Anonymous donation, unverified independence and imbalanced withdrawals by arm are distinguished. Asthma-control and secondary ICS denominators do not establish exacerbation or complete-replacement denominators or confirmation. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. Anonymous donation, unverified independence and imbalanced withdrawals by arm are distinguished. Asthma-control and secondary ICS denominators do not establish exacerbation or complete-replacement denominators or confirmation. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.

S04 · Vagedes K, et al. Buteyko breathing technique for asthma: an effective intervention. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29:42. PMID: 38212823. PMCID: PMC10782792. DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1. NCT03098849.

PubMed

Material type: Stored controlled report providing related symptom, medication and care-management context
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: 1st and some 2nd outcome signals; FEV1 and FeNO null, registered after recruitment began
Record level: This is the 2024 trial in 60 adults. The 1st outcome voluntary control pause and some 2nd-outcome ACQ and medication signals are distinguished from null FEV1 and FeNO. NCT03098849 registration after recruitment is original historical wording. Direct events and designs for selected exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement are unverified; historical support or COI checks are not inherited as new reading.
Study overlap and independent replication: The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific linkage groups are not counted as established totals of unique trials, participants or independent replications. Agreement in symptom direction is not converted into independent confirmation of the same exacerbation or therapy-replacement question; exact registration, recruitment, cohort, support, comparator and endpoint links remain unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical COI-check wording do not establish current registration or full-text reading or verified independence. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical COI-check wording do not establish current registration or full-text reading or verified independence. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical COI-check wording do not establish current registration or full-text reading or verified independence. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical COI-check wording do not establish current registration or full-text reading or verified independence. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical COI-check wording do not establish current registration or full-text reading or verified independence. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.
Funding, product support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical COI-check wording do not establish current registration or full-text reading or verified independence. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-content-review date.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific linkage groups are not counted as established totals of unique trials, participants or independent replications. Agreement in symptom direction is not converted into independent confirmation of the same exacerbation or therapy-replacement question; exact registration, recruitment, cohort, support, comparator and endpoint links remain unverified.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · What are the selected exacerbation-prevention and inhaled-therapy-replacement question and the parent verdict?

Required materials and conditions: Selected claim, original grade and explanation versus the parent symptom and rescue-use context
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Selected claim, original grade and explanation versus the parent symptom and rescue-use context must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Selected claim, original grade and explanation versus the parent symptom and rescue-use context with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N02 · Are exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement the same outcome?

Required materials and conditions: Separate definitions of exacerbation events, therapy replacement and medication reduction
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Separate definitions of exacerbation events, therapy replacement and medication reduction must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Separate definitions of exacerbation events, therapy replacement and medication reduction with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N03 · Which adults with asthma do the findings concern?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, recent exacerbations, age and eligibility
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, recent exacerbations, age and eligibility must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, recent exacerbations, age and eligibility with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N04 · Which adjunctive Buteyko training was studied?

Required materials and conditions: Instructors, programs, contact, actual practice and existing care
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Instructors, programs, contact, actual practice and existing care must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Instructors, programs, contact, actual practice and existing care with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N05 · Are contact, expectations and background care the same across comparators?

Required materials and conditions: Mappings for education, sham devices, pranayama, active education and usual care
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Mappings for education, sham devices, pranayama, active education and usual care must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Mappings for education, sham devices, pranayama, active education and usual care with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N06 · Have allocation, masking and exacerbation assessment been verified?

Required materials and conditions: Allocation, concealment and masking of participants, assessors and analysts
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Allocation, concealment and masking of participants, assessors and analysts must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Allocation, concealment and masking of participants, assessors and analysts with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N07 · What is established by Cooper's null exacerbation finding?

Required materials and conditions: Exacerbation definitions, event counts, arm-specific denominators, observation time, effects and CIs
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Exacerbation definitions, event counts, arm-specific denominators, observation time, effects and CIs must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Exacerbation definitions, event counts, arm-specific denominators, observation time, effects and CIs with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N08 · What is the hierarchy of symptom co-primary outcomes and exacerbations?

Required materials and conditions: The prespecified relationship of symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes to exacerbations
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for The prespecified relationship of symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes to exacerbations must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links The prespecified relationship of symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes to exacerbations with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N09 · What do Cooper's 90 participants, 69 completers and missingness mean?

Required materials and conditions: Assignment, completion, arm-specific analysis, missing exacerbations and analysis populations
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Assignment, completion, arm-specific analysis, missing exacerbations and analysis populations must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Assignment, completion, arm-specific analysis, missing exacerbations and analysis populations with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N10 · Are Bowler's rescue-use and ICS findings the same?

Required materials and conditions: Original beta2-agonist and ICS findings and tapering policies
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original beta2-agonist and ICS findings and tapering policies must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Original beta2-agonist and ICS findings and tapering policies with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N11 · How are Cooper's symptoms and rescue use distinguished from ICS and exacerbations?

Required materials and conditions: Values, denominators and prespecified hierarchy for each arm and outcome
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Values, denominators and prespecified hierarchy for each arm and outcome must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Values, denominators and prespecified hierarchy for each arm and outcome with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N12 · What are Cowie's primary asthma-control and secondary ICS findings?

Required materials and conditions: Primary findings, missing-data sensitivity and secondary ICS against active education
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Primary findings, missing-data sensitivity and secondary ICS against active education must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Primary findings, missing-data sensitivity and secondary ICS against active education with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N13 · What do Cowie's 129 participants, 119 assessed and arm-specific withdrawals mean?

Required materials and conditions: Denominators for assignment, assessment and secondary outcomes, and missingness by arm
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Denominators for assignment, assessment and secondary outcomes, and missingness by arm must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Denominators for assignment, assessment and secondary outcomes, and missingness by arm with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N14 · What are Vagedes's primary and secondary findings and objective measures?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing voluntary control pause, ACQ and medication from FEV1 and FeNO
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing voluntary control pause, ACQ and medication from FEV1 and FeNO must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing voluntary control pause, ACQ and medication from FEV1 and FeNO with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N15 · What do NCT03098849 and post-recruitment registration mean?

Required materials and conditions: Registration identifiers, timing, original plans and change history
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Registration identifiers, timing, original plans and change history must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Registration identifiers, timing, original plans and change history with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N16 · What does registration wording for the other trials mean?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing historical registration fields from current content verification
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing historical registration fields from current content verification must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing historical registration fields from current content verification with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N17 · What is the context of standard inhaled care and clinically supervised reduction?

Required materials and conditions: Existing care, clinical review and the extent of reduction within studies
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Existing care, clinical review and the extent of reduction within studies must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Existing care, clinical review and the extent of reduction within studies with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N18 · Have precision and clinical meaning for exacerbation prevention been established?

Required materials and conditions: Between-arm exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, severity and sample planning
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Between-arm exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, severity and sample planning must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Between-arm exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, severity and sample planning with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N19 · How are airway function, symptoms and exacerbations distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Separate FEV1, PEF, PD20, FeNO, symptom and exacerbation findings
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Separate FEV1, PEF, PD20, FeNO, symptom and exacerbation findings must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Separate FEV1, PEF, PD20, FeNO, symptom and exacerbation findings with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N20 · Do several weeks to 6 months answer long-term prevention or replacement questions?

Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific periods, persistence, long-term exacerbations and therapy outcomes
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Trial-specific periods, persistence, long-term exacerbations and therapy outcomes must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Trial-specific periods, persistence, long-term exacerbations and therapy outcomes with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N21 · Have independent replication, heterogeneity and shared reports been established?

Required materials and conditions: Matching comparisons, exacerbation and replacement outcomes, support and population relationships
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Matching comparisons, exacerbation and replacement outcomes, support and population relationships must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Matching comparisons, exacerbation and replacement outcomes, support and population relationships with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N22 · Are Bowler and Cooper's funding, support and interests known?

Required materials and conditions: Funding, product and teaching support, employee authors, interests and roles
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Funding, product and teaching support, employee authors, interests and roles must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Funding, product and teaching support, employee authors, interests and roles with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N23 · Does Cowie's anonymous donation verify independence?

Required materials and conditions: Donors, teaching support, authorship, analysis roles and control
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Donors, teaching support, authorship, analysis roles and control must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Donors, teaching support, authorship, analysis roles and control with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N24 · What do Vagedes's public or institutional support and historical checks mean?

Required materials and conditions: Original support and COI wording versus materials actually read in this work
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original support and COI wording versus materials actually read in this work must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Original support and COI wording versus materials actually read in this work with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N25 · Have harms related to reduction or acute exacerbations been established?

Required materials and conditions: Harm definitions, events, denominators, timing, monitoring and discontinuation
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Harm definitions, events, denominators, timing, monitoring and discontinuation must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Harm definitions, events, denominators, timing, monitoring and discontinuation with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N26 · What is known about concurrent care, comparative harms and other populations?

Required materials and conditions: Existing medication, training exposure, comparator-specific harms and long-term risks
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Existing medication, training exposure, comparator-specific harms and long-term risks must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Existing medication, training exposure, comparator-specific harms and long-term risks with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N27 · How are parent axes, bilingual wording, dates and corrections retained?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing parent grade and axes from selected D and absent fields
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing parent grade and axes from selected D and absent fields must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing parent grade and axes from selected D and absent fields with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

N28 · Is reading the stored summary the same as reading external materials?

Required materials and conditions: Access status of originals, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support by report
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Access status of originals, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support by report must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Access status of originals, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support by report with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-19 · Public page/material version 1.0

Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 28 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-07) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · What are the selected exacerbation-prevention and inhaled-therapy-replacement question and the parent verdict?

Current findings: The selection concerns prevention of asthma exacerbations or replacement of inhaled therapy, with original subclaim D. Its explanation retains no improvement in exacerbations and clinically supervised medication reductions. Parent C50 concerns a different question about symptoms and rescue use.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: The selection has no separate score, status or axes. Original structure and authorized change records are needed; missing fields are not filled with parent values.
Required materials and conditions: Selected claim, original grade and explanation versus the parent symptom and rescue-use context
Materials to obtain first: The selection has no separate score, status or axes. Original structure and authorized change records are needed; missing fields are not filled with parent values.
Further research: Material needed: The selection has no separate score, status or axes. Original structure and authorized change records are needed; missing fields are not filled with parent values. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Selected claim, original grade and explanation versus the parent symptom and rescue-use context must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Selected claim, original grade and explanation versus the parent symptom and rescue-use context with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N02 · Are exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement the same outcome?

Current findings: The existing Korean question combines exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement; English records prevention or replacement. Reduced medication use is distinguished from complete replacement.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original plans are needed for exacerbation definitions, the target replacement effect, whether complete withdrawal occurred and comparator conditions. No personal medication-withdrawal or tapering instructions are created.
Required materials and conditions: Separate definitions of exacerbation events, therapy replacement and medication reduction
Materials to obtain first: Original plans are needed for exacerbation definitions, the target replacement effect, whether complete withdrawal occurred and comparator conditions. No personal medication-withdrawal or tapering instructions are created.
Further research: Material needed: Original plans are needed for exacerbation definitions, the target replacement effect, whether complete withdrawal occurred and comparator conditions. No personal medication-withdrawal or tapering instructions are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Separate definitions of exacerbation events, therapy replacement and medication reduction must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Separate definitions of exacerbation events, therapy replacement and medication reduction with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N03 · Which adults with asthma do the findings concern?

Current findings: The original report-specific contexts retain 39 adults, 90 randomized and 69 completed, 129 assigned and 119 assessed at 6 months, and 60 adults separately.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Trial-specific eligibility, baseline exacerbation risk, ICS doses and control levels are needed. The parent representative population is not used as the denominator for every trial or event, and no new total is calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, recent exacerbations, age and eligibility
Materials to obtain first: Trial-specific eligibility, baseline exacerbation risk, ICS doses and control levels are needed. The parent representative population is not used as the denominator for every trial or event, and no new total is calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Trial-specific eligibility, baseline exacerbation risk, ICS doses and control levels are needed. The parent representative population is not used as the denominator for every trial or event, and no new total is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, recent exacerbations, age and eligibility must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Diagnosis, severity, baseline medication, recent exacerbations, age and eligibility with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N04 · Which adjunctive Buteyko training was studied?

Current findings: The original summary concerns Buteyko education added to adult asthma care. General breathing retraining or pranayama is not pooled as the same intervention.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Teaching, contact time, amounts of practice, adherence and trial-specific manuals are needed. Study descriptions are not converted into new breathing-practice instructions.
Required materials and conditions: Instructors, programs, contact, actual practice and existing care
Materials to obtain first: Teaching, contact time, amounts of practice, adherence and trial-specific manuals are needed. Study descriptions are not converted into new breathing-practice instructions.
Further research: Material needed: Teaching, contact time, amounts of practice, adherence and trial-specific manuals are needed. Study descriptions are not converted into new breathing-practice instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Instructors, programs, contact, actual practice and existing care must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Instructors, programs, contact, actual practice and existing care with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N05 · Are contact, expectations and background care the same across comparators?

Current findings: The original summary distinguishes different comparators. Cooper has 3 arms of Buteyko, pranayama and placebo; Cowie uses physiotherapist-led breathing education, and Vagedes uses usual care.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original materials are needed for teaching, contact, expectations and existing care for each comparator. Different comparisons are not pooled as one exacerbation-prevention or therapy-replacement effect.
Required materials and conditions: Mappings for education, sham devices, pranayama, active education and usual care
Materials to obtain first: Original materials are needed for teaching, contact, expectations and existing care for each comparator. Different comparisons are not pooled as one exacerbation-prevention or therapy-replacement effect.
Further research: Material needed: Original materials are needed for teaching, contact, expectations and existing care for each comparator. Different comparisons are not pooled as one exacerbation-prevention or therapy-replacement effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Mappings for education, sham devices, pranayama, active education and usual care must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Mappings for education, sham devices, pranayama, active education and usual care with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S02 S03 S04

N06 · Have allocation, masking and exacerbation assessment been verified?

Current findings: Bowler's blinded-trial label and the randomized-trial descriptions of other reports are preserved. The original summary retains difficulties with masking the intervention and lack of masking as limitations.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Trial-specific allocation concealment, masking roles and independent exacerbation-assessment procedures are needed. Design labels are not treated as completed review of every bias domain.
Required materials and conditions: Allocation, concealment and masking of participants, assessors and analysts
Materials to obtain first: Trial-specific allocation concealment, masking roles and independent exacerbation-assessment procedures are needed. Design labels are not treated as completed review of every bias domain.
Further research: Material needed: Trial-specific allocation concealment, masking roles and independent exacerbation-assessment procedures are needed. Design labels are not treated as completed review of every bias domain. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Allocation, concealment and masking of participants, assessors and analysts must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Allocation, concealment and masking of participants, assessors and analysts with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N07 · What is established by Cooper's null exacerbation finding?

Current findings: Cooper's original endpoints include exacerbations, and the results record null objective measures, exacerbations and ICS.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original tables are needed for exacerbation event counts, arm-specific denominators, definitions, follow-up, estimates and CIs. A null finding does not establish an effect of 0 or equivalence.
Required materials and conditions: Exacerbation definitions, event counts, arm-specific denominators, observation time, effects and CIs
Materials to obtain first: Original tables are needed for exacerbation event counts, arm-specific denominators, definitions, follow-up, estimates and CIs. A null finding does not establish an effect of 0 or equivalence.
Further research: Material needed: Original tables are needed for exacerbation event counts, arm-specific denominators, definitions, follow-up, estimates and CIs. A null finding does not establish an effect of 0 or equivalence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Exacerbation definitions, event counts, arm-specific denominators, observation time, effects and CIs must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Exacerbation definitions, event counts, arm-specific denominators, observation time, effects and CIs with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S02

N08 · What is the hierarchy of symptom co-primary outcomes and exacerbations?

Current findings: The parent retains symptom co-primary signals alongside null airway responsiveness in the trial of 90 participants.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original plans, endpoint lists, analysis plans and records of exacerbation hierarchy, multiplicity and changes are needed. Symptom signals are not reassigned as successful exacerbation prevention.
Required materials and conditions: The prespecified relationship of symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes to exacerbations
Materials to obtain first: Original plans, endpoint lists, analysis plans and records of exacerbation hierarchy, multiplicity and changes are needed. Symptom signals are not reassigned as successful exacerbation prevention.
Further research: Material needed: Original plans, endpoint lists, analysis plans and records of exacerbation hierarchy, multiplicity and changes are needed. Symptom signals are not reassigned as successful exacerbation prevention. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for The prespecified relationship of symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes to exacerbations must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links The prespecified relationship of symptom and PD20 co-primary outcomes to exacerbations with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S02

N09 · What do Cooper's 90 participants, 69 completers and missingness mean?

Current findings: The original 90 randomized and 69 completed are retained alongside the parent's 23% attrition wording. No new attrition or event rate is calculated.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original records are needed for completion by arm, exacerbation-analysis denominators, missingness, withdrawal reasons and assignment-based versus completer analyses.
Required materials and conditions: Assignment, completion, arm-specific analysis, missing exacerbations and analysis populations
Materials to obtain first: Original records are needed for completion by arm, exacerbation-analysis denominators, missingness, withdrawal reasons and assignment-based versus completer analyses.
Further research: Material needed: Original records are needed for completion by arm, exacerbation-analysis denominators, missingness, withdrawal reasons and assignment-based versus completer analyses. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Assignment, completion, arm-specific analysis, missing exacerbations and analysis populations must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Assignment, completion, arm-specific analysis, missing exacerbations and analysis populations with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S02

N10 · Are Bowler's rescue-use and ICS findings the same?

Current findings: In 39 adults, median beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, are distinguished from ICS P=.06. These do not confirm replacement of inhaled therapy.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Materials are needed for arm mappings, units, analysis rules, ICS effects and CIs, complete replacement, exacerbations and tapering policies. Median differences are not newly calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Original beta2-agonist and ICS findings and tapering policies
Materials to obtain first: Materials are needed for arm mappings, units, analysis rules, ICS effects and CIs, complete replacement, exacerbations and tapering policies. Median differences are not newly calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Materials are needed for arm mappings, units, analysis rules, ICS effects and CIs, complete replacement, exacerbations and tapering policies. Median differences are not newly calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original beta2-agonist and ICS findings and tapering policies must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Original beta2-agonist and ICS findings and tapering policies with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N11 · How are Cooper's symptoms and rescue use distinguished from ICS and exacerbations?

Current findings: Symptom medians of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003, and bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005, are preserved separately from null exacerbations and ICS.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Direct CIs, arm mappings, denominators and original plans are needed for each outcome. Symptom and rescue-use figures are not used as exacerbation event counts, ICS-replacement effects or cure.
Required materials and conditions: Values, denominators and prespecified hierarchy for each arm and outcome
Materials to obtain first: Direct CIs, arm mappings, denominators and original plans are needed for each outcome. Symptom and rescue-use figures are not used as exacerbation event counts, ICS-replacement effects or cure.
Further research: Material needed: Direct CIs, arm mappings, denominators and original plans are needed for each outcome. Symptom and rescue-use figures are not used as exacerbation event counts, ICS-replacement effects or cure. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Values, denominators and prespecified hierarchy for each arm and outcome must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Values, denominators and prespecified hierarchy for each arm and outcome with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S02

N12 · What are Cowie's primary asthma-control and secondary ICS findings?

Current findings: Control at 6 months of 79% versus 72%, P=.4, missing-as-failure findings of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, and ICS reduction of 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, are preserved separately.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Materials are needed for exacerbations, the extent of tapering, direct CIs and prespecified rules. Secondary ICS signals are not promoted into success on primary control or complete replacement of inhaled therapy.
Required materials and conditions: Primary findings, missing-data sensitivity and secondary ICS against active education
Materials to obtain first: Materials are needed for exacerbations, the extent of tapering, direct CIs and prespecified rules. Secondary ICS signals are not promoted into success on primary control or complete replacement of inhaled therapy.
Further research: Material needed: Materials are needed for exacerbations, the extent of tapering, direct CIs and prespecified rules. Secondary ICS signals are not promoted into success on primary control or complete replacement of inhaled therapy. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Primary findings, missing-data sensitivity and secondary ICS against active education must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Primary findings, missing-data sensitivity and secondary ICS against active education with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S03

N13 · What do Cowie's 129 participants, 119 assessed and arm-specific withdrawals mean?

Current findings: The original 129 assigned and 119 assessed at 6 months are retained alongside the bibliography's wording of imbalanced withdrawals by arm.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Materials are needed for arm-specific allocation, missingness, outcome-denominator relationships and missing taper-safety information. The original missing-as-failure sensitivity is not reproduced as a new analysis, and population differences are not calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Denominators for assignment, assessment and secondary outcomes, and missingness by arm
Materials to obtain first: Materials are needed for arm-specific allocation, missingness, outcome-denominator relationships and missing taper-safety information. The original missing-as-failure sensitivity is not reproduced as a new analysis, and population differences are not calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Materials are needed for arm-specific allocation, missingness, outcome-denominator relationships and missing taper-safety information. The original missing-as-failure sensitivity is not reproduced as a new analysis, and population differences are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Denominators for assignment, assessment and secondary outcomes, and missingness by arm must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Denominators for assignment, assessment and secondary outcomes, and missingness by arm with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S03

N14 · What are Vagedes's primary and secondary findings and objective measures?

Current findings: The original summary of 60 adults records primary and some secondary signals alongside null FEV1 and FeNO and registration after recruitment.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Direct events and designs for exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement, original plans and medication policies are needed. Control pause, ACQ and medication findings are not converted into confirmation of the selected question.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing voluntary control pause, ACQ and medication from FEV1 and FeNO
Materials to obtain first: Direct events and designs for exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement, original plans and medication policies are needed. Control pause, ACQ and medication findings are not converted into confirmation of the selected question.
Further research: Material needed: Direct events and designs for exacerbation prevention and inhaled-therapy replacement, original plans and medication policies are needed. Control pause, ACQ and medication findings are not converted into confirmation of the selected question. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing voluntary control pause, ACQ and medication from FEV1 and FeNO must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing voluntary control pause, ACQ and medication from FEV1 and FeNO with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S04

N15 · What do NCT03098849 and post-recruitment registration mean?

Current findings: Vagedes's original evidence and bibliography contain NCT03098849, and the results describe registration after recruitment.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original registration, recruitment and registration dates, changes and analysis plans are unread. Preserving an identifier is not labeled as verification of prespecification or new external reading.
Required materials and conditions: Registration identifiers, timing, original plans and change history
Materials to obtain first: Original registration, recruitment and registration dates, changes and analysis plans are unread. Preserving an identifier is not labeled as verification of prespecification or new external reading.
Further research: Material needed: Original registration, recruitment and registration dates, changes and analysis plans are unread. Preserving an identifier is not labeled as verification of prespecification or new external reading. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Registration identifiers, timing, original plans and change history must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Registration identifiers, timing, original plans and change history with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S04

N16 · What does registration wording for the other trials mean?

Current findings: Bowler and Cooper's preregistry-era wording and Cowie's unverified-registration wording are preserved as original records.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original plans, registration or historical documents are needed. Historical statements of absence or uncertainty are not converted into completed new registry searches or content verification.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing historical registration fields from current content verification
Materials to obtain first: Original plans, registration or historical documents are needed. Historical statements of absence or uncertainty are not converted into completed new registry searches or content verification.
Further research: Material needed: Original plans, registration or historical documents are needed. Historical statements of absence or uncertainty are not converted into completed new registry searches or content verification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing historical registration fields from current content verification must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing historical registration fields from current content verification with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03

N17 · What is the context of standard inhaled care and clinically supervised reduction?

Current findings: The original summary records adjunctive training added to standard inhaled care and medication reduction under clinical review.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original materials are needed for medications, doses, reduction criteria, monitoring, complete withdrawal and replacement comparisons. The study context is not converted into personal medication-replacement or tapering instructions.
Required materials and conditions: Existing care, clinical review and the extent of reduction within studies
Materials to obtain first: Original materials are needed for medications, doses, reduction criteria, monitoring, complete withdrawal and replacement comparisons. The study context is not converted into personal medication-replacement or tapering instructions.
Further research: Material needed: Original materials are needed for medications, doses, reduction criteria, monitoring, complete withdrawal and replacement comparisons. The study context is not converted into personal medication-replacement or tapering instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Existing care, clinical review and the extent of reduction within studies must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Existing care, clinical review and the extent of reduction within studies with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N18 · Have precision and clinical meaning for exacerbation prevention been established?

Current findings: The original account and subclaim explanation of null exacerbations and unproven prevention are retained.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Direct exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, sample plans and original severity-specific results are needed. No new relative risk, incidence or CI is calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Between-arm exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, severity and sample planning
Materials to obtain first: Direct exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, sample plans and original severity-specific results are needed. No new relative risk, incidence or CI is calculated.
Further research: Material needed: Direct exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, sample plans and original severity-specific results are needed. No new relative risk, incidence or CI is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Between-arm exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, severity and sample planning must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Between-arm exacerbation effects, CIs, event denominators, severity and sample planning with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S02

N19 · How are airway function, symptoms and exacerbations distinguished?

Current findings: The original summary separately records repeated null objective findings and some symptom and rescue-use signals.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original materials, exact values, clinical events and analysis tables are needed for each outcome. Symptom signals are not reassigned as evidence of improved airway function, exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement.
Required materials and conditions: Separate FEV1, PEF, PD20, FeNO, symptom and exacerbation findings
Materials to obtain first: Original materials, exact values, clinical events and analysis tables are needed for each outcome. Symptom signals are not reassigned as evidence of improved airway function, exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement.
Further research: Material needed: Original materials, exact values, clinical events and analysis tables are needed for each outcome. Symptom signals are not reassigned as evidence of improved airway function, exacerbation prevention or inhaled-therapy replacement. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Separate FEV1, PEF, PD20, FeNO, symptom and exacerbation findings must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Separate FEV1, PEF, PD20, FeNO, symptom and exacerbation findings with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S04

N20 · Do several weeks to 6 months answer long-term prevention or replacement questions?

Current findings: Bowler's 3 months, Cowie's 6 months and the parent's trial-specific range of several weeks to 6 months are preserved separately.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Direct materials are needed for long-term exacerbations, hospitalization, emergency care, and safety and persistence of therapy replacement. The same observation period is not copied to every outcome or harm.
Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific periods, persistence, long-term exacerbations and therapy outcomes
Materials to obtain first: Direct materials are needed for long-term exacerbations, hospitalization, emergency care, and safety and persistence of therapy replacement. The same observation period is not copied to every outcome or harm.
Further research: Material needed: Direct materials are needed for long-term exacerbations, hospitalization, emergency care, and safety and persistence of therapy replacement. The same observation period is not copied to every outcome or harm. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Trial-specific periods, persistence, long-term exacerbations and therapy outcomes must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Trial-specific periods, persistence, long-term exacerbations and therapy outcomes with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S03 S04

N21 · Have independent replication, heterogeneity and shared reports been established?

Current findings: The 4 reports from different periods and comparators are preserved. Agreement in symptom direction is not converted into independent confirmation of the selected exacerbation or replacement question.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Independent materials under matching questions and analysis conditions, cohorts, plans, support and full results are needed. Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals are not established or summed.
Required materials and conditions: Matching comparisons, exacerbation and replacement outcomes, support and population relationships
Materials to obtain first: Independent materials under matching questions and analysis conditions, cohorts, plans, support and full results are needed. Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals are not established or summed.
Further research: Material needed: Independent materials under matching questions and analysis conditions, cohorts, plans, support and full results are needed. Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals are not established or summed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Matching comparisons, exacerbation and replacement outcomes, support and population relationships must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Matching comparisons, exacerbation and replacement outcomes, support and population relationships with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N22 · Are Bowler and Cooper's funding, support and interests known?

Current findings: The original evidence records that specific funding and COI for both reports are unverified.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original funding, support, affiliations, interests and analysis-role materials are needed for each report. Uncertainty is not filled in as independent funding, absent support or absent interests.
Required materials and conditions: Funding, product and teaching support, employee authors, interests and roles
Materials to obtain first: Original funding, support, affiliations, interests and analysis-role materials are needed for each report. Uncertainty is not filled in as independent funding, absent support or absent interests.
Further research: Material needed: Original funding, support, affiliations, interests and analysis-role materials are needed for each report. Uncertainty is not filled in as independent funding, absent support or absent interests. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Funding, product and teaching support, employee authors, interests and roles must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Funding, product and teaching support, employee authors, interests and roles with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02

N23 · Does Cowie's anonymous donation verify independence?

Current findings: The original summary retains Cowie's anonymous donor and unverified independence.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original documents are needed for donor identity, support, affiliations, COI and control over the study. Anonymous donations are not established as independent funding.
Required materials and conditions: Donors, teaching support, authorship, analysis roles and control
Materials to obtain first: Original documents are needed for donor identity, support, affiliations, COI and control over the study. Anonymous donations are not established as independent funding.
Further research: Material needed: Original documents are needed for donor identity, support, affiliations, COI and control over the study. Anonymous donations are not established as independent funding. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Donors, teaching support, authorship, analysis roles and control must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Donors, teaching support, authorship, analysis roles and control with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S03

N24 · What do Vagedes's public or institutional support and historical checks mean?

Current findings: Original wording about public or institutional support and detailed full-text COI checks is preserved as a historical record.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: External funding, affiliation, COI and role materials are unread in this work. Historical checks are not inherited as current reading, completed review or certification of independence.
Required materials and conditions: Original support and COI wording versus materials actually read in this work
Materials to obtain first: External funding, affiliation, COI and role materials are unread in this work. Historical checks are not inherited as current reading, completed review or certification of independence.
Further research: Material needed: External funding, affiliation, COI and role materials are unread in this work. Historical checks are not inherited as current reading, completed review or certification of independence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original support and COI wording versus materials actually read in this work must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Original support and COI wording versus materials actually read in this work with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S04

N25 · Have harms related to reduction or acute exacerbations been established?

Current findings: The original context of supervised medication adjustment and safety cautions is retained. No new breathing, therapy-replacement or tapering instructions are written.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Trial-specific adverse events, denominators, observation times, discontinuation, safety monitoring and missingness are needed. General caution wording is not converted into absent events or harm incidence.
Required materials and conditions: Harm definitions, events, denominators, timing, monitoring and discontinuation
Materials to obtain first: Trial-specific adverse events, denominators, observation times, discontinuation, safety monitoring and missingness are needed. General caution wording is not converted into absent events or harm incidence.
Further research: Material needed: Trial-specific adverse events, denominators, observation times, discontinuation, safety monitoring and missingness are needed. General caution wording is not converted into absent events or harm incidence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Harm definitions, events, denominators, timing, monitoring and discontinuation must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Harm definitions, events, denominators, timing, monitoring and discontinuation with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N26 · What is known about concurrent care, comparative harms and other populations?

Current findings: The parent caution verdict and the scope of adjunctive standard-care studies are preserved.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Comparator-specific harms, concurrent exposures, alternative causes and direct acute, high-risk and long-term materials are needed. These are not converted into treatment-safety certification or new management guidance.
Required materials and conditions: Existing medication, training exposure, comparator-specific harms and long-term risks
Materials to obtain first: Comparator-specific harms, concurrent exposures, alternative causes and direct acute, high-risk and long-term materials are needed. These are not converted into treatment-safety certification or new management guidance.
Further research: Material needed: Comparator-specific harms, concurrent exposures, alternative causes and direct acute, high-risk and long-term materials are needed. These are not converted into treatment-safety certification or new management guidance. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Existing medication, training exposure, comparator-specific harms and long-term risks must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Existing medication, training exposure, comparator-specific harms and long-term risks with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N27 · How are parent axes, bilingual wording, dates and corrections retained?

Current findings: Parent C50, split co-primary and failed-primary-positive-secondary flags, bilingual wording, 2026-09-07 and empty correction lists and reasons are preserved in the original.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Original records and authorized correction events are needed. Parent values or historical checks are not inherited as subclaim scores, axes, new judgments or completed current content review.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing parent grade and axes from selected D and absent fields
Materials to obtain first: Original records and authorized correction events are needed. Parent values or historical checks are not inherited as subclaim scores, axes, new judgments or completed current content review.
Further research: Material needed: Original records and authorized correction events are needed. Parent values or historical checks are not inherited as subclaim scores, axes, new judgments or completed current content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing parent grade and axes from selected D and absent fields must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing parent grade and axes from selected D and absent fields with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04

N28 · Is reading the stored summary the same as reading external materials?

Current findings: The complete stored review summary and bibliography were used for production. Summary reading is distinguished from unread external materials and bibliographic links.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external papers, abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support materials unread
Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
Reason for missing information: Actual acquisition and reading of external papers, registration, plans and support materials are needed. Historical-check wording, URLs and original material dates alone do not raise verification status.
Required materials and conditions: Access status of originals, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support by report
Materials to obtain first: Actual acquisition and reading of external papers, registration, plans and support materials are needed. Historical-check wording, URLs and original material dates alone do not raise verification status.
Further research: Material needed: Actual acquisition and reading of external papers, registration, plans and support materials are needed. Historical-check wording, URLs and original material dates alone do not raise verification status. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, null exacerbations and supervised medication-reduction context are retained alongside gaps in events, arm-specific denominators, direct effects, CIs, complete replacement, prespecified plans, support and harms. Links, historical checks and design labels do not establish current reading or certification of independence, efficacy or safety.
Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Access status of originals, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support by report must be linked to the report's exacerbation, medication and care-management findings, between-arm comparisons, denominators and timing, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and primary versus secondary outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: This condition links Access status of originals, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support by report with populations, adjunctive training, comparators, medication policies, events, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected exacerbation-prevention or inhaled-therapy-replacement question.
Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. Exacerbations, rescue use, maintenance ICS, asthma control, objective measures and complete therapy replacement are distinguished. Comparators, denominators, timing and prespecified hierarchy are not combined, and unread originals or registration and historical COI checks are not promoted into current verification. No new effects, CIs, independent totals, breathing, medication-change or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01 S02 S03 S04