Ice-slurry precooling × heat-illness prevention: evidence gaps

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhat are the selected heat-illness-prevention question and original verdict?Required	The selected wording is “Prevention of heat illness,” with original grade ? and a note that events were unmeasured and terminal temperature was higher. The subclaim has no score, status or axes; parent C54 and the performance signal do not fill them. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Prevention wording, note and grade versus the parent performance verdict	Material needed: The subclaim's own score, status, axes and direct prevention results are unrecorded. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionWere heat-illness events actually measured?Required	The original text and citation note record that heat-illness events were not measured or tested. Unmeasured events are not converted into 0 heat-illness cases, no harm, prevention success or failure. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Clinical-event definitions, confirmation, denominators and occurrence results	Material needed: Heat-illness definitions, clinical confirmation, event denominators, observation periods and comparative prevention effects are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionAre participants distinguished from the two condition denominators?Required	S01 is a crossover trial of two single-session conditions in 10 healthy men. The two conditions are not counted as separate groups of 10 or as new participant totals. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Eligibility, allocation, completion and analysis counts by condition	Material needed: Detailed eligibility, age, allocation by sequence and completion/analysis counts by condition are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionWhat was the original pre-exercise precooling exposure?Required	The original study used pre-exercise −1°C ice slurry at 7.5 g/kg. This is an original study-condition record, not a body-weight calculation, product recommendation or cooling instruction. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Temperature, formulation, amount, timing and actual exposure records	Material needed: Ingredients, actual ingestion-time/amount distributions, adherence and correspondence with other products are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionWhat does the cold-water comparison represent?Required	The comparison is 4°C cold water at 7.5 g/kg in another condition in the same people. It is not a direct comparison with no ingestion, other precooling methods or ingestion during exercise. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Control temperature, amount, ingestion and contact records	Material needed: Actual control adherence, concurrent hydration/heat exposure and expectation differences are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionWhat were the heat and exercise conditions?Required	The original study records running at first ventilatory threshold in 34.0°C and 54.9% relative humidity. This is not extended to prevention conditions in all heat, sports or outdoor environments. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Temperature, humidity, exposure and exercise records	Material needed: Actual environmental variation, airflow, acclimation, individual workload and heat-exposure correspondence are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionIs time to exhaustion the same as a clinical event?Required	The preserved direct endpoints are time to exhaustion and temperature while running at first ventilatory threshold in heat. Longer duration is not a direct event result for heat-illness prevention or safety benefit. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Functional tests and exhaustion definitions versus clinical outcomes	Material needed: Exhaustion assessment, stopping criteria and correspondence with clinical events are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWhat are the original performance values and within-person signal?Required	Original 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001 and the statement that all 10 moved in the same direction are preserved. They are not converted into prevention-event effects, new calculations or exact CIs. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Condition-specific functional results, units, denominators and comparison	Material needed: The statistical definition of ±, analysis denominators/model, exact functional-effect CI and prevention effects are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionAt what time was pre-exercise temperature measured?Required	The original text records rectal temperature 0.32°C lower before exercise. A change at one acute time point does not establish sustained cooling until exhaustion or heat-illness prevention. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Pre-exercise measurement, units, comparison and methods	Material needed: Exact pre-exercise timing, original condition values, denominators, measurement methods and CIs are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionHow did temperature at exhaustion differ?Required	Terminal rectal temperature 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001 and the text's 0.31°C higher are preserved values. This is a different time point from the pre-exercise decrease. Actual heat-illness occurrence, prevention failure or incidence is not calculated from them. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	End times, original condition values and comparison scope	Material needed: Measurement times, denominators, exact CIs and correspondence with clinical heat-illness confirmation are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionAre temperature at each exhaustion time and at the same exercise time the same comparison?Required	Time to exhaustion was 50.2 versus 40.7 minutes in the two conditions. Temperature at each end time and comparison at the same exercise time are different questions; the stored summary is not used to fill them as equivalent. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Temperature at matched exercise times and each condition's end time	Material needed: Temperature trajectories at the same time/workload, end-time correspondence and exposure/event relationships are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionHow much of randomization, counterbalancing and crossover was confirmed?Required	S01's original design is a randomized counterbalanced within-person crossover trial. The design wording does not establish sufficient washout, controlled period effects or confirmed concealment. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Sequence generation, washout, periods and carryover	Material needed: Sequence generation/concealment, between-condition intervals, carryover and within-person analysis models are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionWere masking, exhaustion assessment and expectations confirmed?Required	This is a functional trial comparing different temperatures/formulations. The stored summary does not confirm participant, stopping-assessor or analyst masking or expectation control. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Participant/assessor masking and stopping assessment	Material needed: Masking, expectation differences, stopping assessment and analyst awareness of conditions are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWere condition completion, missingness and analysis populations confirmed?Required	The original 10 healthy men and two single-session conditions are preserved. Condition counts and repeated temperature measurements are not converted into participants or independent trials. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Analyses and missingness by person, condition and endpoint	Material needed: Completion by condition, missing endpoints, exclusions, analysis populations and missing-data handling are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionAre event data available to establish prevention effects and precision?Required	The parent's large within-person performance signal and P=.001 are functional results. Heat-illness events were unmeasured, so prevention risk ratios, absolute differences and CIs are not presented. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Clinical prevention estimates, event analyses and CIs	Material needed: Clinical prevention estimates, event counts, denominators, CIs and relevance criteria are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionWere registration, protocol and prespecified hierarchy read?Required	The original evidence/citation lists contain no registration identifier. Time/temperature endpoints in the parent's classification record do not confirm registration or prior prevention plans. Absence of a number is not treated as proof of no registration. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Trial registration, plans, outcome hierarchy and changes	Material needed: Registration existence, prespecified endpoints, protocol, SAP and change history are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionWere concurrent hydration, environment and activity controlled?Required	The stored text records conditions of a pre-exercise cooling comparison. Concurrent hydration, meals, previous exercise and heat acclimation are not filled as identical or fully controlled. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Other exposures, shared management and adherence	Material needed: Detailed concurrent exposures/management before and during the experiment, workload adjustment and adherence are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionAre ingestion during exercise and repeated use the same question?Required	The original text records that repeated-ingestion strategies during exercise were not tested. A single pre-exercise result is not transferred to repeated or during-exercise prevention strategies. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Direct data for exposures other than a single pre-exercise dose	Material needed: Functional, heat-illness and safety data for other times and repeated exposure are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionDoes laboratory function answer real race or other-sport questions?Required	The original text records that actual race performance, multiple sports and heat-illness occurrence were not tested. Time to exhaustion is not converted into race time, records or field prevention effects. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Direct field and sport-specific results	Material needed: Clinical prevention results in actual races, other sports and field settings are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionAre there data for generalization to other populations?Required	The direct context is the selected experiment in 10 healthy men. It is not generalized to heat-illness prevention or safety in other ages, sexes, diseases or functional levels. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Direct data by age, sex, disease and heat acclimation	Material needed: Eligibility, exposure, clinical-event and safety data in other populations are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionWhat is the scope of the original support/commercial-involvement statement?Required	The original funding record is a limited statement of university investigators and no commercial manufacturer involvement recorded in the PubMed trial record. It is not expanded into confirmed complete funding, product involvement or COI assessment. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Original funding, product support, employee authors and COI disclosures	Material needed: Funding roles, products/free support, employee authors and detailed COI information are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionWere gastrointestinal discomfort and adverse events actually collected?Supplementary	Parent safety is Caution and describes possible gastrointestinal discomfort from rapid ingestion of a large cold volume and higher terminal rectal temperature. These statements are not used as trial event incidence or confirmation of clinical heat injury. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Actual event collection, exposure, denominators and discontinuation	Material needed: Systematic adverse-event definitions, collection, denominators, discontinuation and harms in long-term/vulnerable populations are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionAre the same crossover trial and independent replication distinguished?Required	The 10 men, two conditions and multiple temperature/time results in the single S01 report are the same crossover trial. They are not separately added as new independent trials, participants or prevention replications. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Relationships among reports, people, conditions and study families	Material needed: Separate direct trials matching the same prevention/exposure question and study-family independence are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionDoes a single experiment answer long-term clinical questions?Required	The parent is C54 for a single-session laboratory functional/surrogate endpoint and records that clinical heat-illness safety was untested. Repeated use, long-term prevention and safety in all environments are not established. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Acute function/temperature versus long-term events	Material needed: Long-term/repeated clinical prevention, safety and persistent-effect data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionWere original values, axes, bilingual text, dates and history preserved?Required	Parent C54, B/S/R1/I2/E+/B2, unrecorded precision, four false flags, empty grade-override reasons and subclaim ?/note are preserved. Bilingual text, 2026-09-07, an empty corrections array, empty deliberation string and historical PubMed/DOI/effect checks are not inherited as current review or grades. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Original parent C54, subclaim ?, axes and correction records	Material needed: The subclaim's score/status/axes, new corrections and external comparison of detailed historical checks are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionWhat was actually read and what can be updated?Required	The complete parent stored summary and bibliography were read for production and the original paper link is retained. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures are unread; access/clicks were not attempted. S01	The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.	Stored summary versus unread external materials and update records	Material needed: External original acquisition, actual reading and review of existing content remain incomplete. Additional-material identities, before/after values, condition revisions and verdict changes must be separate events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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26 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: This is a within-person crossover trial in 10 healthy men experiencing the same two single-session conditions. Eligibility, age, completion/analysis and missingness by condition/endpoint are unverified. The two conditions are not made into new participant totals or generalized to prevention effects in other populations.
Ingredient, formulation and route: Original study exposure is one oral pre-exercise ingestion of −1°C ice slurry. Ingredients, actual exposure distributions, adherence and product correspondence are unverified. No individual amount calculations, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Dose: Only original 7.5 g/kg and a single pre-exercise exposure are preserved. Actual ingestion-time/amount distributions, ingredients and adherence are unverified. Total amounts by body weight and calories are not newly calculated or instructed; during-exercise/repeated ingestion is a separate untested question.
Comparator: The control is 4°C cold water at 7.5 g/kg in another single-session condition in the same people. This is not converted into comparisons with no ingestion, other cooling strategies or during-exercise ingestion. Actual adherence, concurrent exposures and expectation differences are unverified.
Measured outcome: Selected heat-illness events were unmeasured and original grade is ?. Running time 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001 and terminal rectal temperature 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001 are separate functional/physiological results. Pre-exercise 0.32°C lower and terminal 0.31°C higher are original statements at different times. Prevention effects, event counts, incidence and CIs are not newly filled.
Duration: This is one acute laboratory exhaustion test with two single-session conditions, running at first ventilatory threshold in 34.0°C and 54.9% relative humidity. Temperature at each exhaustion end time and at the same exercise time are different comparisons. Long-term, field, multiple-sport and repeated-use heat-illness prevention were not tested.
Questions outside this scope: Converting time to exhaustion, temperature or P values into heat-illness-prevention risk ratios, absolute differences, CIs, event counts or incidence; Converting lower pre-exercise temperature and higher terminal temperature into same-time effects, safety benefits, prevention failure or confirmed clinical harm; Adding 10 people, two crossover conditions, repeated measurements or two subclaim sheets as new independent trials, participants or prevention replications; Generalizing single-session laboratory results to real races, other sports, outdoor settings, repeated ingestion during exercise, long-term prevention or all populations; Inheriting parent C54, unrecorded precision, axes or historical checks as subclaim scores, current clinical review or prevention effects; Creating new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical numbers, grades, independence certification, amounts, products, exercise, cooling, heat-illness-prevention or treatment instructions

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

S01 · Siegel R et al. 2010

PubMed

Material type: Randomized counterbalanced within-person crossover heat-exercise trial
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external paper, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001; terminal rectal temperature 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001
Record level: Stored-summary single-session laboratory performance and rectal-temperature results. Heat-illness events were unmeasured and original prevention grade is ?. Definition of ±, within-person CI, detailed denominators and prespecified hierarchy are unverified; functional/physiological signals are not transferred to clinical prevention or harm events.
Study overlap and independent replication: The single Siegel 2010 report of 10 healthy men in two single-session ice-slurry/cold-water conditions is the same randomized counterbalanced within-person crossover trial. Original time to exhaustion 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001; rectal temperature 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001; pre-exercise 0.32°C lower and terminal 0.31°C higher are distinguished. Heat-illness events were unmeasured and prevention grade is ?. Definition of ±, within-person CI, exact denominators and prespecified hierarchy are unverified. The two conditions, time points, functional/physiological results and two subclaim sheets are not added as new independent trials, participants or prevention replications. Confirmed unique-trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unrecorded.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored existing review summary	Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary	Stored summary	Summary read	Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred.
External paper	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred.
Registration material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred.
Protocol	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred.
Statistical analysis plan	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred.
Funding, product-support and COI material	Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The single Siegel 2010 report of 10 healthy men in two single-session ice-slurry/cold-water conditions is the same randomized counterbalanced within-person crossover trial. Original time to exhaustion 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001; rectal temperature 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001; pre-exercise 0.32°C lower and terminal 0.31°C higher are distinguished. Heat-illness events were unmeasured and prevention grade is ?. Definition of ±, within-person CI, exact denominators and prespecified hierarchy are unverified. The two conditions, time points, functional/physiological results and two subclaim sheets are not added as new independent trials, participants or prevention replications. Confirmed unique-trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unrecorded.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · What are the selected heat-illness-prevention question and original verdict?

Required materials and conditions: Prevention wording, note and grade versus the parent performance verdict
Conditions for verification: Material for Prevention wording, note and grade versus the parent performance verdict must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Prevention wording, note and grade versus the parent performance verdict with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N02 · Were heat-illness events actually measured?

Required materials and conditions: Clinical-event definitions, confirmation, denominators and occurrence results
Conditions for verification: Material for Clinical-event definitions, confirmation, denominators and occurrence results must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Clinical-event definitions, confirmation, denominators and occurrence results with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N03 · Are participants distinguished from the two condition denominators?

Required materials and conditions: Eligibility, allocation, completion and analysis counts by condition
Conditions for verification: Material for Eligibility, allocation, completion and analysis counts by condition must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Eligibility, allocation, completion and analysis counts by condition with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N04 · What was the original pre-exercise precooling exposure?

Required materials and conditions: Temperature, formulation, amount, timing and actual exposure records
Conditions for verification: Material for Temperature, formulation, amount, timing and actual exposure records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Temperature, formulation, amount, timing and actual exposure records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N05 · What does the cold-water comparison represent?

Required materials and conditions: Control temperature, amount, ingestion and contact records
Conditions for verification: Material for Control temperature, amount, ingestion and contact records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Control temperature, amount, ingestion and contact records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N06 · What were the heat and exercise conditions?

Required materials and conditions: Temperature, humidity, exposure and exercise records
Conditions for verification: Material for Temperature, humidity, exposure and exercise records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Temperature, humidity, exposure and exercise records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N07 · Is time to exhaustion the same as a clinical event?

Required materials and conditions: Functional tests and exhaustion definitions versus clinical outcomes
Conditions for verification: Material for Functional tests and exhaustion definitions versus clinical outcomes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Functional tests and exhaustion definitions versus clinical outcomes with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N08 · What are the original performance values and within-person signal?

Required materials and conditions: Condition-specific functional results, units, denominators and comparison
Conditions for verification: Material for Condition-specific functional results, units, denominators and comparison must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Condition-specific functional results, units, denominators and comparison with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N09 · At what time was pre-exercise temperature measured?

Required materials and conditions: Pre-exercise measurement, units, comparison and methods
Conditions for verification: Material for Pre-exercise measurement, units, comparison and methods must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Pre-exercise measurement, units, comparison and methods with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N10 · How did temperature at exhaustion differ?

Required materials and conditions: End times, original condition values and comparison scope
Conditions for verification: Material for End times, original condition values and comparison scope must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects End times, original condition values and comparison scope with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N11 · Are temperature at each exhaustion time and at the same exercise time the same comparison?

Required materials and conditions: Temperature at matched exercise times and each condition's end time
Conditions for verification: Material for Temperature at matched exercise times and each condition's end time must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Temperature at matched exercise times and each condition's end time with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N12 · How much of randomization, counterbalancing and crossover was confirmed?

Required materials and conditions: Sequence generation, washout, periods and carryover
Conditions for verification: Material for Sequence generation, washout, periods and carryover must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Sequence generation, washout, periods and carryover with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N13 · Were masking, exhaustion assessment and expectations confirmed?

Required materials and conditions: Participant/assessor masking and stopping assessment
Conditions for verification: Material for Participant/assessor masking and stopping assessment must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Participant/assessor masking and stopping assessment with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N14 · Were condition completion, missingness and analysis populations confirmed?

Required materials and conditions: Analyses and missingness by person, condition and endpoint
Conditions for verification: Material for Analyses and missingness by person, condition and endpoint must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Analyses and missingness by person, condition and endpoint with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N15 · Are event data available to establish prevention effects and precision?

Required materials and conditions: Clinical prevention estimates, event analyses and CIs
Conditions for verification: Material for Clinical prevention estimates, event analyses and CIs must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Clinical prevention estimates, event analyses and CIs with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N16 · Were registration, protocol and prespecified hierarchy read?

Required materials and conditions: Trial registration, plans, outcome hierarchy and changes
Conditions for verification: Material for Trial registration, plans, outcome hierarchy and changes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Trial registration, plans, outcome hierarchy and changes with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N17 · Were concurrent hydration, environment and activity controlled?

Required materials and conditions: Other exposures, shared management and adherence
Conditions for verification: Material for Other exposures, shared management and adherence must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Other exposures, shared management and adherence with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N18 · Are ingestion during exercise and repeated use the same question?

Required materials and conditions: Direct data for exposures other than a single pre-exercise dose
Conditions for verification: Material for Direct data for exposures other than a single pre-exercise dose must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct data for exposures other than a single pre-exercise dose with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N19 · Does laboratory function answer real race or other-sport questions?

Required materials and conditions: Direct field and sport-specific results
Conditions for verification: Material for Direct field and sport-specific results must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct field and sport-specific results with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N20 · Are there data for generalization to other populations?

Required materials and conditions: Direct data by age, sex, disease and heat acclimation
Conditions for verification: Material for Direct data by age, sex, disease and heat acclimation must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct data by age, sex, disease and heat acclimation with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N21 · What is the scope of the original support/commercial-involvement statement?

Required materials and conditions: Original funding, product support, employee authors and COI disclosures
Conditions for verification: Material for Original funding, product support, employee authors and COI disclosures must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original funding, product support, employee authors and COI disclosures with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N22 · Were gastrointestinal discomfort and adverse events actually collected?

Required materials and conditions: Actual event collection, exposure, denominators and discontinuation
Conditions for verification: Material for Actual event collection, exposure, denominators and discontinuation must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Actual event collection, exposure, denominators and discontinuation with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N23 · Are the same crossover trial and independent replication distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Relationships among reports, people, conditions and study families
Conditions for verification: Material for Relationships among reports, people, conditions and study families must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Relationships among reports, people, conditions and study families with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N24 · Does a single experiment answer long-term clinical questions?

Required materials and conditions: Acute function/temperature versus long-term events
Conditions for verification: Material for Acute function/temperature versus long-term events must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Acute function/temperature versus long-term events with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N25 · Were original values, axes, bilingual text, dates and history preserved?

Required materials and conditions: Original parent C54, subclaim ?, axes and correction records
Conditions for verification: Material for Original parent C54, subclaim ?, axes and correction records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original parent C54, subclaim ?, axes and correction records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

N26 · What was actually read and what can be updated?

Required materials and conditions: Stored summary versus unread external materials and update records
Conditions for verification: Material for Stored summary versus unread external materials and update records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Stored summary versus unread external materials and update records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

What the statuses mean

Met: A state used when required evidence is confirmed after user review. This production does not declare that review complete.
Partly verified: Some information in the stored summary is linked into the table. External comparison/content review is not complete.
Unverified: The article leaves this unverified, or required material is absent from the current stored summary. This is distinct from zero, absence or safety.
Review incomplete: User review pending.
Not reported: Not reported within the stored material actually read; not extended to the entire primary paper.
Inaccessible: Means an actual access failure. Access not attempted here is not assigned this state.
Not applicable: Not used as a substitute for an evidence gap.
Conflicting data: Requires an observed disagreement under the same comparison criteria; not automatically judged in this production.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: Marks a gap in additional material required by the selected conditions; not a new efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-16 · Public page/material version 1.0

The reader view and materials were prepared from the existing 26 items. No new clinical search, verification-status changes or scoring were performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-07) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · What are the selected heat-illness-prevention question and original verdict?

Current findings: The selected wording is “Prevention of heat illness,” with original grade ? and a note that events were unmeasured and terminal temperature was higher. The subclaim has no score, status or axes; parent C54 and the performance signal do not fill them.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: The subclaim's own score, status, axes and direct prevention results are unrecorded.
Required materials and conditions: Prevention wording, note and grade versus the parent performance verdict
Materials to obtain first: The subclaim's own score, status, axes and direct prevention results are unrecorded.
Further research: Material needed: The subclaim's own score, status, axes and direct prevention results are unrecorded. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Prevention wording, note and grade versus the parent performance verdict must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Prevention wording, note and grade versus the parent performance verdict with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N02 · Were heat-illness events actually measured?

Current findings: The original text and citation note record that heat-illness events were not measured or tested. Unmeasured events are not converted into 0 heat-illness cases, no harm, prevention success or failure.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Heat-illness definitions, clinical confirmation, event denominators, observation periods and comparative prevention effects are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Clinical-event definitions, confirmation, denominators and occurrence results
Materials to obtain first: Heat-illness definitions, clinical confirmation, event denominators, observation periods and comparative prevention effects are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Heat-illness definitions, clinical confirmation, event denominators, observation periods and comparative prevention effects are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Clinical-event definitions, confirmation, denominators and occurrence results must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Clinical-event definitions, confirmation, denominators and occurrence results with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N03 · Are participants distinguished from the two condition denominators?

Current findings: S01 is a crossover trial of two single-session conditions in 10 healthy men. The two conditions are not counted as separate groups of 10 or as new participant totals.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Detailed eligibility, age, allocation by sequence and completion/analysis counts by condition are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Eligibility, allocation, completion and analysis counts by condition
Materials to obtain first: Detailed eligibility, age, allocation by sequence and completion/analysis counts by condition are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Detailed eligibility, age, allocation by sequence and completion/analysis counts by condition are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Eligibility, allocation, completion and analysis counts by condition must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Eligibility, allocation, completion and analysis counts by condition with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N04 · What was the original pre-exercise precooling exposure?

Current findings: The original study used pre-exercise −1°C ice slurry at 7.5 g/kg. This is an original study-condition record, not a body-weight calculation, product recommendation or cooling instruction.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Ingredients, actual ingestion-time/amount distributions, adherence and correspondence with other products are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Temperature, formulation, amount, timing and actual exposure records
Materials to obtain first: Ingredients, actual ingestion-time/amount distributions, adherence and correspondence with other products are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Ingredients, actual ingestion-time/amount distributions, adherence and correspondence with other products are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Temperature, formulation, amount, timing and actual exposure records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Temperature, formulation, amount, timing and actual exposure records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N05 · What does the cold-water comparison represent?

Current findings: The comparison is 4°C cold water at 7.5 g/kg in another condition in the same people. It is not a direct comparison with no ingestion, other precooling methods or ingestion during exercise.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Actual control adherence, concurrent hydration/heat exposure and expectation differences are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Control temperature, amount, ingestion and contact records
Materials to obtain first: Actual control adherence, concurrent hydration/heat exposure and expectation differences are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Actual control adherence, concurrent hydration/heat exposure and expectation differences are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Control temperature, amount, ingestion and contact records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Control temperature, amount, ingestion and contact records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N06 · What were the heat and exercise conditions?

Current findings: The original study records running at first ventilatory threshold in 34.0°C and 54.9% relative humidity. This is not extended to prevention conditions in all heat, sports or outdoor environments.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Actual environmental variation, airflow, acclimation, individual workload and heat-exposure correspondence are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Temperature, humidity, exposure and exercise records
Materials to obtain first: Actual environmental variation, airflow, acclimation, individual workload and heat-exposure correspondence are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Actual environmental variation, airflow, acclimation, individual workload and heat-exposure correspondence are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Temperature, humidity, exposure and exercise records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Temperature, humidity, exposure and exercise records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N07 · Is time to exhaustion the same as a clinical event?

Current findings: The preserved direct endpoints are time to exhaustion and temperature while running at first ventilatory threshold in heat. Longer duration is not a direct event result for heat-illness prevention or safety benefit.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Exhaustion assessment, stopping criteria and correspondence with clinical events are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Functional tests and exhaustion definitions versus clinical outcomes
Materials to obtain first: Exhaustion assessment, stopping criteria and correspondence with clinical events are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Exhaustion assessment, stopping criteria and correspondence with clinical events are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Functional tests and exhaustion definitions versus clinical outcomes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Functional tests and exhaustion definitions versus clinical outcomes with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N08 · What are the original performance values and within-person signal?

Current findings: Original 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001 and the statement that all 10 moved in the same direction are preserved. They are not converted into prevention-event effects, new calculations or exact CIs.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: The statistical definition of ±, analysis denominators/model, exact functional-effect CI and prevention effects are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Condition-specific functional results, units, denominators and comparison
Materials to obtain first: The statistical definition of ±, analysis denominators/model, exact functional-effect CI and prevention effects are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: The statistical definition of ±, analysis denominators/model, exact functional-effect CI and prevention effects are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Condition-specific functional results, units, denominators and comparison must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Condition-specific functional results, units, denominators and comparison with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N09 · At what time was pre-exercise temperature measured?

Current findings: The original text records rectal temperature 0.32°C lower before exercise. A change at one acute time point does not establish sustained cooling until exhaustion or heat-illness prevention.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Exact pre-exercise timing, original condition values, denominators, measurement methods and CIs are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Pre-exercise measurement, units, comparison and methods
Materials to obtain first: Exact pre-exercise timing, original condition values, denominators, measurement methods and CIs are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Exact pre-exercise timing, original condition values, denominators, measurement methods and CIs are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Pre-exercise measurement, units, comparison and methods must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Pre-exercise measurement, units, comparison and methods with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N10 · How did temperature at exhaustion differ?

Current findings: Terminal rectal temperature 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001 and the text's 0.31°C higher are preserved values. This is a different time point from the pre-exercise decrease. Actual heat-illness occurrence, prevention failure or incidence is not calculated from them.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Measurement times, denominators, exact CIs and correspondence with clinical heat-illness confirmation are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: End times, original condition values and comparison scope
Materials to obtain first: Measurement times, denominators, exact CIs and correspondence with clinical heat-illness confirmation are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Measurement times, denominators, exact CIs and correspondence with clinical heat-illness confirmation are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for End times, original condition values and comparison scope must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects End times, original condition values and comparison scope with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N11 · Are temperature at each exhaustion time and at the same exercise time the same comparison?

Current findings: Time to exhaustion was 50.2 versus 40.7 minutes in the two conditions. Temperature at each end time and comparison at the same exercise time are different questions; the stored summary is not used to fill them as equivalent.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Temperature trajectories at the same time/workload, end-time correspondence and exposure/event relationships are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Temperature at matched exercise times and each condition's end time
Materials to obtain first: Temperature trajectories at the same time/workload, end-time correspondence and exposure/event relationships are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Temperature trajectories at the same time/workload, end-time correspondence and exposure/event relationships are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Temperature at matched exercise times and each condition's end time must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Temperature at matched exercise times and each condition's end time with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N12 · How much of randomization, counterbalancing and crossover was confirmed?

Current findings: S01's original design is a randomized counterbalanced within-person crossover trial. The design wording does not establish sufficient washout, controlled period effects or confirmed concealment.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Sequence generation/concealment, between-condition intervals, carryover and within-person analysis models are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Sequence generation, washout, periods and carryover
Materials to obtain first: Sequence generation/concealment, between-condition intervals, carryover and within-person analysis models are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Sequence generation/concealment, between-condition intervals, carryover and within-person analysis models are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Sequence generation, washout, periods and carryover must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Sequence generation, washout, periods and carryover with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N13 · Were masking, exhaustion assessment and expectations confirmed?

Current findings: This is a functional trial comparing different temperatures/formulations. The stored summary does not confirm participant, stopping-assessor or analyst masking or expectation control.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Masking, expectation differences, stopping assessment and analyst awareness of conditions are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Participant/assessor masking and stopping assessment
Materials to obtain first: Masking, expectation differences, stopping assessment and analyst awareness of conditions are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Masking, expectation differences, stopping assessment and analyst awareness of conditions are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Participant/assessor masking and stopping assessment must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Participant/assessor masking and stopping assessment with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N14 · Were condition completion, missingness and analysis populations confirmed?

Current findings: The original 10 healthy men and two single-session conditions are preserved. Condition counts and repeated temperature measurements are not converted into participants or independent trials.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Completion by condition, missing endpoints, exclusions, analysis populations and missing-data handling are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Analyses and missingness by person, condition and endpoint
Materials to obtain first: Completion by condition, missing endpoints, exclusions, analysis populations and missing-data handling are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Completion by condition, missing endpoints, exclusions, analysis populations and missing-data handling are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Analyses and missingness by person, condition and endpoint must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Analyses and missingness by person, condition and endpoint with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N15 · Are event data available to establish prevention effects and precision?

Current findings: The parent's large within-person performance signal and P=.001 are functional results. Heat-illness events were unmeasured, so prevention risk ratios, absolute differences and CIs are not presented.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Clinical prevention estimates, event counts, denominators, CIs and relevance criteria are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Clinical prevention estimates, event analyses and CIs
Materials to obtain first: Clinical prevention estimates, event counts, denominators, CIs and relevance criteria are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Clinical prevention estimates, event counts, denominators, CIs and relevance criteria are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Clinical prevention estimates, event analyses and CIs must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Clinical prevention estimates, event analyses and CIs with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N16 · Were registration, protocol and prespecified hierarchy read?

Current findings: The original evidence/citation lists contain no registration identifier. Time/temperature endpoints in the parent's classification record do not confirm registration or prior prevention plans. Absence of a number is not treated as proof of no registration.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Registration existence, prespecified endpoints, protocol, SAP and change history are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Trial registration, plans, outcome hierarchy and changes
Materials to obtain first: Registration existence, prespecified endpoints, protocol, SAP and change history are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Registration existence, prespecified endpoints, protocol, SAP and change history are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Trial registration, plans, outcome hierarchy and changes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Trial registration, plans, outcome hierarchy and changes with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N17 · Were concurrent hydration, environment and activity controlled?

Current findings: The stored text records conditions of a pre-exercise cooling comparison. Concurrent hydration, meals, previous exercise and heat acclimation are not filled as identical or fully controlled.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Detailed concurrent exposures/management before and during the experiment, workload adjustment and adherence are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Other exposures, shared management and adherence
Materials to obtain first: Detailed concurrent exposures/management before and during the experiment, workload adjustment and adherence are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Detailed concurrent exposures/management before and during the experiment, workload adjustment and adherence are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Other exposures, shared management and adherence must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Other exposures, shared management and adherence with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N18 · Are ingestion during exercise and repeated use the same question?

Current findings: The original text records that repeated-ingestion strategies during exercise were not tested. A single pre-exercise result is not transferred to repeated or during-exercise prevention strategies.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Functional, heat-illness and safety data for other times and repeated exposure are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct data for exposures other than a single pre-exercise dose
Materials to obtain first: Functional, heat-illness and safety data for other times and repeated exposure are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Functional, heat-illness and safety data for other times and repeated exposure are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Direct data for exposures other than a single pre-exercise dose must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct data for exposures other than a single pre-exercise dose with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N19 · Does laboratory function answer real race or other-sport questions?

Current findings: The original text records that actual race performance, multiple sports and heat-illness occurrence were not tested. Time to exhaustion is not converted into race time, records or field prevention effects.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Clinical prevention results in actual races, other sports and field settings are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct field and sport-specific results
Materials to obtain first: Clinical prevention results in actual races, other sports and field settings are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Clinical prevention results in actual races, other sports and field settings are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Direct field and sport-specific results must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct field and sport-specific results with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N20 · Are there data for generalization to other populations?

Current findings: The direct context is the selected experiment in 10 healthy men. It is not generalized to heat-illness prevention or safety in other ages, sexes, diseases or functional levels.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Eligibility, exposure, clinical-event and safety data in other populations are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct data by age, sex, disease and heat acclimation
Materials to obtain first: Eligibility, exposure, clinical-event and safety data in other populations are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Eligibility, exposure, clinical-event and safety data in other populations are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Direct data by age, sex, disease and heat acclimation must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct data by age, sex, disease and heat acclimation with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N21 · What is the scope of the original support/commercial-involvement statement?

Current findings: The original funding record is a limited statement of university investigators and no commercial manufacturer involvement recorded in the PubMed trial record. It is not expanded into confirmed complete funding, product involvement or COI assessment.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Funding roles, products/free support, employee authors and detailed COI information are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original funding, product support, employee authors and COI disclosures
Materials to obtain first: Funding roles, products/free support, employee authors and detailed COI information are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Funding roles, products/free support, employee authors and detailed COI information are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Original funding, product support, employee authors and COI disclosures must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original funding, product support, employee authors and COI disclosures with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N22 · Were gastrointestinal discomfort and adverse events actually collected?

Current findings: Parent safety is Caution and describes possible gastrointestinal discomfort from rapid ingestion of a large cold volume and higher terminal rectal temperature. These statements are not used as trial event incidence or confirmation of clinical heat injury.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Systematic adverse-event definitions, collection, denominators, discontinuation and harms in long-term/vulnerable populations are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Actual event collection, exposure, denominators and discontinuation
Materials to obtain first: Systematic adverse-event definitions, collection, denominators, discontinuation and harms in long-term/vulnerable populations are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Systematic adverse-event definitions, collection, denominators, discontinuation and harms in long-term/vulnerable populations are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Actual event collection, exposure, denominators and discontinuation must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Actual event collection, exposure, denominators and discontinuation with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N23 · Are the same crossover trial and independent replication distinguished?

Current findings: The 10 men, two conditions and multiple temperature/time results in the single S01 report are the same crossover trial. They are not separately added as new independent trials, participants or prevention replications.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Separate direct trials matching the same prevention/exposure question and study-family independence are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Relationships among reports, people, conditions and study families
Materials to obtain first: Separate direct trials matching the same prevention/exposure question and study-family independence are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Separate direct trials matching the same prevention/exposure question and study-family independence are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Relationships among reports, people, conditions and study families must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Relationships among reports, people, conditions and study families with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N24 · Does a single experiment answer long-term clinical questions?

Current findings: The parent is C54 for a single-session laboratory functional/surrogate endpoint and records that clinical heat-illness safety was untested. Repeated use, long-term prevention and safety in all environments are not established.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: Long-term/repeated clinical prevention, safety and persistent-effect data are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Acute function/temperature versus long-term events
Materials to obtain first: Long-term/repeated clinical prevention, safety and persistent-effect data are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: Long-term/repeated clinical prevention, safety and persistent-effect data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Acute function/temperature versus long-term events must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Acute function/temperature versus long-term events with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N25 · Were original values, axes, bilingual text, dates and history preserved?

Current findings: Parent C54, B/S/R1/I2/E+/B2, unrecorded precision, four false flags, empty grade-override reasons and subclaim ?/note are preserved. Bilingual text, 2026-09-07, an empty corrections array, empty deliberation string and historical PubMed/DOI/effect checks are not inherited as current review or grades.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: The subclaim's score/status/axes, new corrections and external comparison of detailed historical checks are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original parent C54, subclaim ?, axes and correction records
Materials to obtain first: The subclaim's score/status/axes, new corrections and external comparison of detailed historical checks are unverified.
Further research: Material needed: The subclaim's score/status/axes, new corrections and external comparison of detailed historical checks are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Original parent C54, subclaim ?, axes and correction records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original parent C54, subclaim ?, axes and correction records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01

N26 · What was actually read and what can be updated?

Current findings: The complete parent stored summary and bibliography were read for production and the original paper link is retained. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures are unread; access/clicks were not attempted.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread
Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification.
Reason for missing information: External original acquisition, actual reading and review of existing content remain incomplete. Additional-material identities, before/after values, condition revisions and verdict changes must be separate events.
Required materials and conditions: Stored summary versus unread external materials and update records
Materials to obtain first: External original acquisition, actual reading and review of existing content remain incomplete. Additional-material identities, before/after values, condition revisions and verdict changes must be separate events.
Further research: Material needed: External original acquisition, actual reading and review of existing content remain incomplete. Additional-material identities, before/after values, condition revisions and verdict changes must be separate events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification.
Conditions for verification: Material for Stored summary versus unread external materials and update records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent performance context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Stored summary versus unread external materials and update records with the selected heat-illness-prevention question, unmeasured events, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, people/conditions, environment, time, temperature, denominators and harms.
Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing unmeasured prevention events and grade ? from acute running time and temperature. Distinguish single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water, people/two conditions, different exhaustion times, pre-exercise/terminal times and laboratory/field settings. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or ingestion, product, exercise, cooling, prevention or treatment instructions are created.
Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced.

Related sources S01