0.25 Hz rocking bed × One-night N3 proportion evidence checklist

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionIs the selected question an increase in the proportion of N3 sleep over one night?Required	The selected original question is an increase in the proportion of N3 sleep over one night. It is preserved as a question about a measured sleep outcome comparing a bed rocking laterally at 0.25 Hz with a stationary bed. R01	Original preserved-summary statements were linked for production as partly verified; clinical verification and content review are not complete. The final count of independent claims remains undetermined.	Connection between the subclaim, parent population and intervention, N3, and duration	If the question actually changes, record the original question and excluded scope separately.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionAre the subclaim's grade C and note separate from the parent's C54 and axes?Required	Preserve the selected subclaim's grade C and note: 27.41% versus 22.37%, adjusted P=0.0006. The subclaim has no score, status, or axis keys; these remain null. The parent's C54, Unknown safety, and axes are parent history. R01	Original preserved-summary statements were linked for production as partly verified; clinical verification and content review are not complete. The original materials contain no distinct subclaim score, status or axes.	Actual subclaim fields and their absence, and the location of original parent values	If subclaim fields are actually added, separate the original version from the new event.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionDo historical verdicts, design limitations, and cross-checks constitute a current review?Required	The parent describes C54 in the context of a small study of 18 people, one night per condition, and a measured surrogate outcome, and records incorporation of cross-checks. Null, false, and empty-string axis values are also historical records. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. No current RoB2, GRADE, methodological certification, or clinical reassessment has been performed.	Korean and English verdicts, assessment axes, existing synthesis, review date, and correction history	If new evidence is requested, separate the original version from an evidence-update event.
4	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionWhich materials were actually read, and which external materials remain unread?Required	The designated complete stored JSON summary and selected subclaim were read for production. External abstracts, full texts, registrations, plans, and links have not been read, and access has not been attempted. R01	Partial verification links the original narrative in the stored summary for production; it does not constitute clinical verification or completed content review. External originals have not been read, and no current comprehensive literature search has been performed.	Acquisition, reading, and locations for the stored summary and each external material	If materials or reading records are added, record only the actual material level.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionHow are reports, registrations, and study families connected?Required	Connect the preserved bibliography for Perrault et al., Curr Biol 2019;29:402-411.e3, PMID 30686735, with one evidence entry. The original registration identifier value is Not confirmed. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. DOI, PMCID, actual registration, and the number of unique trials are unverified.	Original bibliography, registration and trial identity, and related reports	If an original related-report list is provided, record same-family, recitation, and different-family relationships.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionWas the actual population healthy young adults?Required	The preserved population is 18 healthy young adults. Retain the original statement that these were not results from testing people with insomnia. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Exact ages, sex composition, and baseline sleep and disease conditions are unverified.	Exact age, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and baseline sleep and vestibular characteristics	If the original population table is provided, distinguish actual selection criteria from gaps for other populations.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionWhat was the rocking-bed exposure in the study?Required	The original intervention was a bed moving laterally at 0.25 Hz, with one night of research exposure per condition. It is not product-use or sleep-treatment guidance. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Amplitude, device model, and details of actual exposure interruptions and adherence are unverified.	Device version, amplitude and path, actual duration and interruptions, and exposure records	If original device or exposure materials are provided, distinguish nominal conditions from actual use.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWere other environmental conditions the same with the stationary bed?Required	The original comparison is a rocking versus stationary bed. The summary does not contain details of shared or differing noise, room conditions, device appearance, or other exposures. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Specific stationary-control conditions and balance of other environmental factors are unverified.	Stationary control, environment and noise, device conditions, and shared exposures	If original comparator materials are provided, record actual shared factors and differences other than movement.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionWhat were the crossover sequence, counterbalancing, and effects between periods?Required	The original summary describes a randomized counterbalanced crossover, with condition order randomized and counterbalanced. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. The interval, adaptation nights, washout, and handling of period and sequence effects are unverified.	Allocation and concealment, sequence-specific denominators, period interval, adaptation, and carryover	If the original crossover plan or analysis is provided, record sequence, period, and carryover assumptions.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionAre the 18 people and nights per condition repeated observations of the same people?Required	The 18 people slept for one night in each rocking and stationary condition. Do not count the same people's conditions, nights, sleep measurements, or memory results as different participants or independent trials. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Actual analysis denominators for each endpoint, and missing nights or measurements, are unverified.	Connections and inclusion flow for people, nights, conditions, and measurements	If original flow or records are provided, distinguish people from inclusion by night and endpoint.
11	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionAre recruitment, completion, and the N3 analysis denominator directly verified?Required	The preserved scale is 18 people and one night per condition. The summary contains no detailed flow for recruitment, allocation, completion, N3 analysis and exclusions, or valid paired observations. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Actual valid N3 pairs, attrition, measurement failures, and exclusion rules are unverified.	Participant and condition flow, valid N3 pairs, exclusions, and missingness	If original flow and endpoint analysis tables are provided, record study scale and actual analysis denominators.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionWhat are the denominator, unit, and measurement for N3?Required	This is the polysomnographic proportion of total sleep spent in N3; the original proportion unit is %. N3 fraction is a different measure from absolute total sleep duration. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Direct total sleep duration values, detailed sleep-stage criteria, and valid intervals are unverified.	Stage definition, total-sleep denominator, scoring and recording methods, and valid intervals	If the original measurement methods are provided, record N3 and total-sleep denominators, scales, and analysis windows.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionTo whom did blinding of sleep-stage scoring apply?Required	Preserve the original account that two scorers scored sleep stages without knowing the condition. The summary contains no account of blinding for other roles. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Scorer agreement, participant and other-role blinding, and unblinding are unverified.	Scoring criteria, scorer agreement, unblinding, and participant and analyst blinding	If original scoring materials are provided, record role-specific blinding and the scope of scorer agreement.
14	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWhat were the original N3 proportions and the ± and SEM notation?Required	Preserve the original notation: rocking 27.41%±1.70(SEM) versus stationary 22.37%±1.65, with Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.0006. SEM is linked to the original notation; it is not an interval for the paired difference. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Paired differences and variance, and details of each summary statistic in the original table, remain unread externally.	Original summary statistics, definitions of each ±, paired data, and estimated differences	If original results or methods are provided, distinguish condition summary statistics from paired-comparison estimates.
15	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionWhat were the paired effect of interest, model, and period adjustment?Required	The original materials contain condition-specific N3 proportions and an adjusted P. The summary lacks details of the paired-difference model, period and sequence adjustment, and effect of interest. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. The paired model, period and sequence adjustment, and correlation structure are unverified.	Crossover paired model, period and sequence, effect of interest, and variance	If the original statistical plan or methods are provided, record condition values and the actual estimand.
16	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionAre historical non-reporting of a 95% CI and current unread status distinguished?Required	The original summary states that a 95% confidence interval was not reported. The original paper tables have not been directly read in this work, so a current full-text comparison is not complete. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. There is no directly verified 95% CI, and the external original tables remain unread.	Paired differences, CIs, and reporting scope in the original results	If original tables are provided, record actual intervals and the scope of the historical non-reporting account.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionIs there a threshold for a clinically important increase in N3?Required	The existing study explanation states that there was no threshold for a clinically important increase in N3. Do not judge the measurement signal as clinically restful sleep or improvement in insomnia. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. A validated clinically important difference or individual-response threshold is currently unverified.	Clinical importance of the measured change, direct patient outcomes, and original criteria	If relevant criteria or clinical materials are provided, distinguish the N3 signal from direct clinical importance.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionWhich set of tests did the Bonferroni adjustment cover?Required	Preserve N3 adjusted P=0.0006 and the original use of Bonferroni adjustment. The summary lacks details of the full test family, prespecification, and alpha allocation. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. The full test and adjustment scope and prespecified analysis plan are unverified.	Test list, adjustment family, prespecified versus exploratory analyses, and multiplicity plan	If original plans or methods are provided, record each result and the actual adjustment and hierarchy.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionWere a single prespecified primary endpoint and registration directly read?Required	The existing verdict rationale states that a single prespecified primary endpoint was not named, and the verification wording in the existing citation preserves this account. The registration field is Not confirmed, and registration and plans remain unread in this work. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. N3's prespecified hierarchy, registration timing and content, and plan changes are unverified.	Original registration, protocol and SAP, endpoint hierarchy, and changes	If original plans are provided, distinguish prespecified, secondary, and exploratory outcomes and reporting lists.
20	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionIs the N2 sleep-onset result different from N3?Supplementary	The original N2 onset result is 10.08±1.54 versus 16.72±5.52 minutes, adjusted P=0.006. It is a different outcome and unit from the N3 proportion, and the type of ± is not specified in that account. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Definitions of each N2 ±, paired CI, denominator, and prespecified hierarchy are unverified.	N2 onset definition, denominator, ± and intervals, and analysis hierarchy	If original results or methods are provided, record onset results separately from N3 and other sleep measures.
21	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionAre total sleep duration and other sleep-stage results directly available?Supplementary	The original definition of N3 is a proportion of total sleep. This summary contains no quantitative results for total sleep duration, other stage proportions, awakenings, or sleep efficiency. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Total sleep duration and other sleep results and intervals are unverified.	Values, denominators, timing, and plans for total sleep, stages, awakenings, and efficiency	If original sleep tables are provided, distinguish proportions, absolute duration, and other measures.
22	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionWhat information is available about memory and neural oscillation results?Supplementary	The paper title mentions neural oscillations and benefits for Sleep and Memory. The current stored summary contains no direct results for memory tasks, denominators, effects, CIs, or P values. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Direct quantitative values and prespecified hierarchy for memory and neural oscillations are unverified.	Definitions, timing, denominators, quantitative results, and hierarchy for memory and neural measures	If original materials are provided, distinguish the title from actual results and analyses.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionIs no difference in heart rate a different safety outcome?Supplementary	The existing counterargument and safety explanation state that there was no condition effect on heart rate. The summary contains no heart-rate values, denominators, CIs, P values, or collection definitions. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Quantitative heart-rate estimates, statistics and hierarchy, and clinical harm materials are unverified.	Heart-rate measurement and duration, denominator, effect and interval, and safety role	If original heart-rate materials are provided, distinguish physiological measures from clinical harms.
24	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionAre the hierarchy and selective reporting of all outcomes known?Required	The original summary contains accounts of N3, N2 onset, and heart rate, but did not name a single prespecified primary endpoint; the full planned and reported outcome lists have not been directly read. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. The full outcome set, prespecified hierarchy, and undisclosed items are unverified.	All planned and reported outcomes, prespecified hierarchy, adjustment, and undisclosed outcomes	If original lists are provided, distinguish reporting status from the scope of the selected table.
25	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionWhat were shared sleep-environment conditions and other exposures?Required	Only the rocking, stationary, and measurement conditions are preserved. The summary lacks actual control or changes in light, noise, schedules, habits, and concurrent medication or stimulation. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Concurrent medication and habits, environmental control, and baseline changes are unverified.	Shared environment and schedule, concurrent exposures, and baseline characteristics and adjustments	If original condition records are provided, record factors other than movement and actual shared conditions.
26	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionAre missingness, attrition, actual exposure, and valid records verified?Required	The account describes 18 people and one night per condition, but the summary lacks measurement failures, interruptions, paired missingness and handling, and actual exposure data. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Actual missingness, attrition, interruptions, and exposure adherence are unverified.	Valid nights and pairs, attrition and failures, reasons, missing-data handling, and sensitivity analyses	If original flow or analyses are provided, distinguish participant data from valid data and losses for each endpoint.
27	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionIs sustained improvement in insomnia the same question?Supplementary	Another subclaim of the same verdict is sustained improvement in insomnia, with original grade ? and a note that people with insomnia and long-term use were not tested. This is a different clinical gap from the selected one-night N3 question. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Direct results for insomnia and sustained use are unverified within the original scope.	Diagnosed insomnia, repeated use, patient-centered symptoms and function, and follow-up	If direct clinical materials are provided, distinguish the measurement signal from sustained insomnia outcomes.
28	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionDoes the evidence answer questions about other frequencies, amplitudes, or optimal conditions?Supplementary	The original exposure is lateral rocking at 0.25 Hz. The summary contains no direct comparison of other frequencies, amplitudes, or devices, or an optimal exposure. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Direct effects for other frequencies, amplitudes, devices, and optimal conditions are unverified.	Direct condition comparisons, devices and amplitudes, and prespecified dose or intensity hypotheses	If materials for other conditions are provided, distinguish their scope from the original comparison.
29	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N29 · Evidence conditionWhat is the scope for other populations, durations, and subgroup effects?Supplementary	The original population is healthy young adults, with one night per condition. There are no interaction or sustained results for other ages or diseases, sex subgroups, continued use, or after stopping. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Direct effects by population, sustained use, and after cessation are unverified.	Direct population and baseline data, prespecified interactions, and repeated-use and post-cessation follow-up	If materials are provided, distinguish the overall short measurement study from separate population and sustained-effect questions.
30	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N30 · Evidence conditionAre independent replication and numbers of reports or populations determined?Required	The parent's R1 is historical, and the current designated evidence and citation lists each contain one entry. Do not newly certify independent trials, total participants, or replication counts by condition or secondary outcome. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Unique trials, summed participants, and independent replication remain undetermined.	Related reports and registrations, unique families, and condition-specific result lists	If original lists are provided, record same, different, and unclear families and report relationships.
31	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N31 · Harm informationHow were harms collected prospectively?Supplementary	The original summary states that there were no prespecified safety endpoints or adverse-event table. The external original text has not been read in this work, so direct comparison of that absence is not complete. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Direct harm-collection methods, tables, and safety-event values are unverified.	Safety-event definitions, systematic and spontaneous collection, severity, and discontinuation	If original safety materials are provided, record actual collection and reporting scope.
32	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N32 · Harm informationAre harm denominators, events, and time known?Supplementary	The scale of 18 people is preserved, but the summary lacks the actual people and nights included in harm collection, exposure time, event counts, and numbers of people with events. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Actual harm denominators, time, and event counts are unverified.	Population and time under harm collection, events and people, and periods and conditions	If original safety denominators are provided, record them separately from measurement and efficacy denominators.
33	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N33 · Harm informationWhat were the timing relationships of harm onset, discontinuation, and recovery?Supplementary	Only the original exposure of one night per condition is preserved. The summary lacks harm onset, cessation, recovery, and re-exposure timing. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Harm-event timing, cessation, recovery, and follow-up are unverified.	Event timelines, exposure and discontinuation, recovery, and observation windows	If original event records are provided, distinguish temporal relationships from causality and denominator limitations.
34	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N34 · Harm informationWhat were harm comparisons, concurrent exposures, and alternative explanations?Supplementary	The stationary control and absence of a heart-rate condition effect are preserved, but the summary lacks comparisons of other clinical harms and attribution involving baseline, environment, and concurrent exposures. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Clinical harm comparisons, event attribution, and alternative explanations are unverified.	Actual event-specific comparisons, baseline and concurrent exposures, alternatives, and attribution	If original safety and condition materials are provided, distinguish physiological measures from harms and alternative explanations.
35	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N35 · Harm informationAre missing harm collection, discontinuation, and completeness verified?Supplementary	The original limitation concerning prespecified safety endpoints and an adverse-event table is preserved. The summary lacks safety completeness, including discontinuers, reporting omissions, and differences in detection and collection. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Completeness of safety collection and discontinued or omitted events are unverified.	Safety reporting and monitoring, discontinuation and omissions, and disclosure scope for all events	If original collection and flow records are provided, distinguish reported events from the scope of omissions.
36	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N36 · Harm informationIs independent replication of harm signals verified?Supplementary	There is one current stored bibliographic and trial context, with no other unique harm-family or event list. This is not a search conclusion that there are zero independent harm materials. R01	Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Independent harm replication and unique event counts remain undetermined.	Unique harm reports and cases, shared populations and recitations, and matching exposures	If related original lists are provided, distinguish the same events from records of different families.
37	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N37 · Harm informationWhat are the safety and inference limits beyond the short measurement study?Supplementary	Parent safety is Unknown; the original explanation says this was not an adequate safety assessment and reports no heart-rate effect. Overall long-term, rare-harm, or other-population safety cannot be answered by this short measurement study. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Long-term, rare, and vulnerable-population harms and harmlessness are unverified.	Direct long-term, rare-harm, and population-specific safety materials and suitable follow-up	If direct materials are provided, distinguish the one-night measurement study from separate safety scopes.
38	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N38 · Evidence conditionWhat were the funding, sponsorship, and institutional roles?Required	Preserve the original summary of support from the Swiss National Science Foundation and University of Geneva. The summary lacks details of each institution's roles in design, analysis, manuscripts, and publication. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Institution-specific roles and direct comparison with original declarations are unverified.	Original support and roles, data access, contracts, and declarations	If original declarations are provided, distinguish supporting institutions from actual operational roles.
39	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N39 · Evidence conditionWhat were author disclosures, bed and motor provision, and manufacturer roles?Required	The original summary states that authors declared no competing interests and that free provision of the bed or motor and manufacturer involvement were not reported in the original text. The original declarations and main text remain unread in this work. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. The full original declarations and device-provision and manufacturer roles have not been directly verified in this work.	Author declarations, device provision, and manufacturer roles in design, analysis, and manuscripts	If original declarations or provision records are provided, distinguish historical non-reporting from actual roles.
40	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N40 · Evidence conditionAre the historical review date, corrections, languages, empty values, and current production distinguished?Required	Preserve the review date 2026-08-26, the empty correction array, the empty deliberation string, and unrecorded, false, and empty-string values in the Korean and English text and parent assessment axes. R01	This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. There are no separate evidence-cutoff or classification records, and no current correction or retraction search has been performed.	Original dates, corrections and retractions, languages and empty values, and current reading scope	If actual update materials are provided, separate the complete original version from a new correction event.

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40 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-08-26
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: 18 healthy young adults; exact ages, composition, and baseline conditions unverified
Ingredient, formulation and route: Original research exposure to lateral bed rocking at 0.25 Hz
Dose: One night per condition at the original 0.25 Hz; amplitude and actual exposure details unverified. No device-use or behavioral instructions.
Comparator: Stationary bed; randomized counterbalanced crossover; specific environmental and noise conditions unverified
Measured outcome: Surrogate outcome: polysomnographic proportion of total sleep spent in N3 (%)
Duration: One night per condition; interval, adaptation, and continued or long-term use unverified
Questions outside this scope: Converting N3 proportion into clinically restful sleep or improvement in insomnia; Inventing total-sleep or memory effects from the title or fraction; Other frequencies, devices, populations, or optimal settings; Sustained, long-term, or post-cessation effects and overall safety; Instructions for device use, sleep treatment, or insomnia treatment

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

R01 · Perrault AA, Khani A, Quairiaux C, et al. Whole-Night Continuous Rocking Entrains Spontaneous Neural Oscillations with Benefits for Sleep and Memory. Curr Biol. 2019;29:402-411.e3. PMID: 30686735.

PubMed

Material type: Report of a randomized counterbalanced crossover sleep trial
Materials actually read: Summary read; external abstracts and full texts not read
Findings recorded in the stored summary: One-night N3 proportion per condition in 18 healthy young adults: 27.41%±1.70 SEM versus 22.37%±1.65, Bonferroni-adjusted P=.0006. Historical non-reporting of a 95% CI and no single prespecified primary endpoint named. N2 and heart rate have separate original accounts; total sleep, memory, and sustained insomnia improvement remain direct gaps.
Record level: Not recorded
Study overlap and independent replication: The same people and condition-specific nights in the Perrault 2019 crossover trial; N3, N2, heart rate, memory in the title, and the sibling insomnia context. Preserve registration Not confirmed, without summing conditions, endpoints, or nights as independent replications.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored summary	Local preserved copy	Local preserved summary acquired	Summary read	The original evidence list, bibliography, and Korean and English text context in the designated complete JSON were connected for production. This is not reading the external paper.
External abstract	Current public availability and detailed existence remain unverified	Access not attempted; not obtained	Not read	The original source link is preserved. Abstract access, reading, and link verification have not been performed in this work.
External full text	Current public availability and detailed existence remain unverified	Access not attempted; not obtained	Not read	The original source link connects bibliographic identity and does not mean that the full text was directly acquired or read.
External registration	Current public availability and detailed existence remain unverified	Access not attempted; not obtained	Not read	The original registration identifier value Not confirmed is preserved. An actual registration number, existence, and content have not been verified in this work.
Required material: protocol	Current public availability and detailed existence remain unverified	Access not attempted; not obtained	Not read	Original materials on population, device, sequence, interval, prespecified endpoints, and safety plans are needed; existence, public availability, and acquisition are unverified.
Required material: SAP	Current public availability and detailed existence remain unverified	Access not attempted; not obtained	Not read	Original plans or methods for the paired model, period and sequence, missingness, Bonferroni test family, and effect of interest remain unread.
Required material: outcomes, denominators, and harms	Current public availability and detailed existence remain unverified	Access not attempted; not obtained	Not read	Original tables for N3 and SEM, valid pairs, intervals, total sleep, memory, heart rate, and harm collection and denominators are needed and remain unread in this work.
Required materials: funding and COI	Current public availability and detailed existence remain unverified	Access not attempted; not obtained	Not read	Support, author disclosures, device and motor provision, and manufacturer roles have not been directly read. Existing declaration and non-reporting accounts are preserved as the historical summary.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The same people and condition-specific nights in the Perrault 2019 crossover trial; N3, N2, heart rate, memory in the title, and the sibling insomnia context. Preserve registration Not confirmed, without summing conditions, endpoints, or nights as independent replications.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · Is the selected question an increase in the proportion of N3 sleep over one night?

Required materials and conditions: Connection between the subclaim, parent population and intervention, N3, and duration
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the exact question from the verdict record.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not create a new verdict or split, or fill the sibling insomnia question with the same effect.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is the selected question an increase in the proportion of N3 sleep over one night?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 question-clarification principles; detailed separation rules are our own design / M03 §3.2.4; our own extension boundary

N02 · Are the subclaim's grade C and note separate from the parent's C54 and axes?

Required materials and conditions: Actual subclaim fields and their absence, and the location of original parent values
Conditions for verification: Retain the actual scope of subclaim and parent values.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not copy the parent's score of 54 or S/R1/I2/E+/B2 into subclaim-specific values.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are the subclaim's grade C and note separate from the parent's C54 and axes?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 question-clarification principles; detailed separation rules are our own design / M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design

N03 · Do historical verdicts, design limitations, and cross-checks constitute a current review?

Required materials and conditions: Korean and English verdicts, assessment axes, existing synthesis, review date, and correction history
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original history while marking the original content review as incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not inherit historical cross-checks or grades as a review passed in this work or an independent subclaim verdict.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Do historical verdicts, design limitations, and cross-checks constitute a current review?
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design / M08 §8.1–8.2.3; our own application

N04 · Which materials were actually read, and which external materials remain unread?

Required materials and conditions: Acquisition, reading, and locations for the stored summary and each external material
Conditions for verification: Distinguish reading the local summary from unread external materials, by material.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not label an existing URL or a historical reference to original text as current full-text reading or failed access.
Why this condition is needed: This condition is needed to record original information and gaps separately for the question: Which materials were actually read, and which external materials remain unread?
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5–4.6 material-collection and selection principles; separation of access and reading and hyperlink rules are our own design / M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design

N05 · How are reports, registrations, and study families connected?

Required materials and conditions: Original bibliography, registration and trial identity, and related reports
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original report and registration identifier, leaving undetermined unique counts null.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not turn Not confirmed into Not applicable, a registration number, or zero trials.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: How are reports, registrations, and study families connected?
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 on distinguishing studies from reports; cohort and outcome connections are Chamgap adaptations / M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap adaptation / M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap adaptation

N06 · Was the actual population healthy young adults?

Required materials and conditions: Exact age, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and baseline sleep and vestibular characteristics
Conditions for verification: Retain the original population and unverified selection and applicability scope.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not extend healthy young adults to direct effects in insomnia or other age or disease groups.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Was the actual population healthy young adults?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1; detailed population conditions are our own design / M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence and effect-modification details are our own design

N07 · What was the rocking-bed exposure in the study?

Required materials and conditions: Device version, amplitude and path, actual duration and interruptions, and exposure records
Conditions for verification: Preserve only the original lateral movement, frequency, and one-night condition.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not turn 0.25 Hz into manufacturing, setup, or use instructions, or a recommendation for an optimal frequency.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What was the rocking-bed exposure in the study?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labeling and assessment adaptations are our own design / M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; our own application

N08 · Were other environmental conditions the same with the stationary bed?

Required materials and conditions: Stationary control, environment and noise, device conditions, and shared exposures
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the actual comparator from gaps in specific environmental conditions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not turn the stationary-bed comparison into an untreated-insomnia trial or a comparison of other devices.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Were other environmental conditions the same with the stationary bed?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labeling and assessment adaptations are our own design / M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; our own application

N09 · What were the crossover sequence, counterbalancing, and effects between periods?

Required materials and conditions: Allocation and concealment, sequence-specific denominators, period interval, adaptation, and carryover
Conditions for verification: Preserve both the original sequence strength and gaps in crossover details.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not use the label counterbalanced to declare no carryover or fulfillment of all analysis conditions.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were the crossover sequence, counterbalancing, and effects between periods?
Referenced methods: M08 §8.1–8.2.3; Chamgap adaptation / M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap adaptation / M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labels and measurement adaptations are Chamgap designs

N10 · Are the 18 people and nights per condition repeated observations of the same people?

Required materials and conditions: Connections and inclusion flow for people, nights, conditions, and measurements
Conditions for verification: Keep the original 18 people and repeated conditions as different units.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not sum nights, two conditions, or numbers of scorers into a participant total.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are the 18 people and nights per condition repeated observations of the same people?
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 on distinguishing studies from reports; cohort and outcome connections are Chamgap adaptations / M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap designs

N11 · Are recruitment, completion, and the N3 analysis denominator directly verified?

Required materials and conditions: Participant and condition flow, valid N3 pairs, exclusions, and missingness
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original study scale from endpoint-specific analysis gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not automatically replicate 18 as a complete analysis denominator for every endpoint and harm.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are recruitment, completion, and the N3 analysis denominator directly verified?
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are our own design / M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application

N12 · What are the denominator, unit, and measurement for N3?

Required materials and conditions: Stage definition, total-sleep denominator, scoring and recording methods, and valid intervals
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original measured percentage from absolute sleep duration and clinical outcomes.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not substitute increased total sleep duration or clinically restful sleep for an increased N3 proportion.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What are the denominator, unit, and measurement for N3?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; outcome adaptations by question are our own design / M08 Table 8.2.a, M03 §3.2.4; our own application

N13 · To whom did blinding of sleep-stage scoring apply?

Required materials and conditions: Scoring criteria, scorer agreement, unblinding, and participant and analyst blinding
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original scoring strength from role-specific gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not extend blinding of two scorers to double blinding or blinding of all procedures.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: To whom did blinding of sleep-stage scoring apply?
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M03 §3.2.4; our own application / M08 §8.1–8.2.3; our own application

N14 · What were the original N3 proportions and the ± and SEM notation?

Required materials and conditions: Original summary statistics, definitions of each ±, paired data, and estimated differences
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original proportions, ± and SEM, and adjusted P at the level of their reported notation.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not subtract condition means to calculate a new percentage-point difference, SD, or paired CI.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were the original N3 proportions and the ± and SEM notation?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are our own design / M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are our own design / M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; our own application

N15 · What were the paired effect of interest, model, and period adjustment?

Required materials and conditions: Crossover paired model, period and sequence, effect of interest, and variance
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the crossover design from gaps in actual analysis details.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not treat crossover data as two independent parallel groups or create a new effect estimate.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were the paired effect of interest, model, and period adjustment?
Referenced methods: M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap adaptation / M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap adaptation / M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap designs

N16 · Are historical non-reporting of a 95% CI and current unread status distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Paired differences, CIs, and reporting scope in the original results
Conditions for verification: Retain the historical non-reporting account and current gap in directly verified intervals.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not recalculate a CI from SEM, P, and 18 people, or turn unread status into a current direct verification of non-reporting.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are historical non-reporting of a 95% CI and current unread status distinguished?
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap designs / M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap adaptation / M04 §4.5–4.6 on collecting and selecting materials; separating access from reading and hyperlink rules are Chamgap designs

N17 · Is there a threshold for a clinically important increase in N3?

Required materials and conditions: Clinical importance of the measured change, direct patient outcomes, and original criteria
Conditions for verification: Preserve both the original absence-of-threshold account and the surrogate-outcome limitation.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not turn the difference between condition proportions into a new MCID or criterion for successful restful sleep.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is there a threshold for a clinically important increase in N3?
Referenced methods: M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; our own application / M03 §3.2.4; our own boundary on extensions

N18 · Which set of tests did the Bonferroni adjustment cover?

Required materials and conditions: Test list, adjustment family, prespecified versus exploratory analyses, and multiplicity plan
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original adjustment notation from planning gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not certify fulfillment of all selective-reporting or multiplicity conditions from the adjusted P alone.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Which set of tests did the Bonferroni adjustment cover?
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap adaptation / M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap adaptation

N19 · Were a single prespecified primary endpoint and registration directly read?

Required materials and conditions: Original registration, protocol and SAP, endpoint hierarchy, and changes
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original hierarchy history and external planning gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not certify N3 in the selected table as a new prespecified primary endpoint or conclude that registration was absent.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Were a single prespecified primary endpoint and registration directly read?
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; our own application / M04 §4.5–4.6 material-collection and selection principles; separation of access and reading and hyperlink rules are our own design

N20 · Is the N2 sleep-onset result different from N3?

Required materials and conditions: N2 onset definition, denominator, ± and intervals, and analysis hierarchy
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original onset result, minutes, and adjusted P as a separate outcome.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not copy N3's SEM or values into N2 or extend N2 onset to an insomnia-treatment effect.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is the N2 sleep-onset result different from N3?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are our own design / M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; status separation is our own design / M03 §3.2.4; our own extension boundary

N21 · Are total sleep duration and other sleep-stage results directly available?

Required materials and conditions: Values, denominators, timing, and plans for total sleep, stages, awakenings, and efficiency
Conditions for verification: Leave directly unavailable overall and other sleep values unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not write that total sleep increased or all sleep measures improved on the basis of an increased N3 proportion.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are total sleep duration and other sleep-stage results directly available?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are our own design / M03 §3.2.4; our own extension boundary

N22 · What information is available about memory and neural oscillation results?

Required materials and conditions: Definitions, timing, denominators, quantitative results, and hierarchy for memory and neural measures
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original title while retaining gaps in direct results.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not invent memory-improvement effects, statistical significance, or clinical benefit from the title alone.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What information is available about memory and neural oscillation results?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap designs / M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap's own extrapolation boundary / M04 §4.5–4.6 on collecting and selecting materials; separating access from reading and hyperlink rules are Chamgap designs

N23 · Is no difference in heart rate a different safety outcome?

Required materials and conditions: Heart-rate measurement and duration, denominator, effect and interval, and safety role
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original no-difference account from gaps in other harms.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not turn no difference in heart rate into absence of all adverse events or a guarantee of device safety.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is no difference in heart rate a different safety outcome?
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; status separation is a Chamgap design / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap adaptation / M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4, M03 §3.2.3; Chamgap adaptation

N24 · Are the hierarchy and selective reporting of all outcomes known?

Required materials and conditions: All planned and reported outcomes, prespecified hierarchy, adjustment, and undisclosed outcomes
Conditions for verification: Retain the preserved direction while leaving the full reporting scope unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not conclude that outcomes absent from the summary did not exist, or fill missing results with favorable title wording.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are the hierarchy and selective reporting of all outcomes known?
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; our own application / M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; separation of statuses is our own design

N25 · What were shared sleep-environment conditions and other exposures?

Required materials and conditions: Shared environment and schedule, concurrent exposures, and baseline characteristics and adjustments
Conditions for verification: Distinguish research exposure from gaps in concurrent conditions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not create sleep-hygiene, medication-adjustment, or lifestyle instructions without original materials.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were shared sleep-environment conditions and other exposures?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; Chamgap adaptation / M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labels and measurement adaptations are Chamgap designs / M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4 on design considerations; detailed confounding records are a Chamgap design

N26 · Are missingness, attrition, actual exposure, and valid records verified?

Required materials and conditions: Valid nights and pairs, attrition and failures, reasons, missing-data handling, and sensitivity analyses
Conditions for verification: Distinguish direct gaps in valid data from the original study scale.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not use the original scale of 18 people to insert complete pairs, zero attrition, or zero harms.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are missingness, attrition, actual exposure, and valid records verified?
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are our own design / M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4, M04 §4.6.3; our own application

N27 · Is sustained improvement in insomnia the same question?

Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed insomnia, repeated use, patient-centered symptoms and function, and follow-up
Conditions for verification: Preserve the sibling's original context without creating a new split, verdict, or treatment guidance.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not turn the sibling's ? into D or zero effect, or fill it with positive N3 results.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is sustained improvement in insomnia the same question?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 on clarifying questions; detailed separation rules are a Chamgap design / M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence, and effect-modification details are Chamgap designs / M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap's own extrapolation boundary

N28 · Does the evidence answer questions about other frequencies, amplitudes, or optimal conditions?

Required materials and conditions: Direct condition comparisons, devices and amplitudes, and prespecified dose or intensity hypotheses
Conditions for verification: Separate the original condition from gaps for other conditions.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not recommend all rocking, devices, or optimal settings from observations at 0.25 Hz.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Does the evidence answer questions about other frequencies, amplitudes, or optimal conditions?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence, and effect-modification details are Chamgap designs / M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labels and measurement adaptations are Chamgap designs

N29 · What is the scope for other populations, durations, and subgroup effects?

Required materials and conditions: Direct population and baseline data, prespecified interactions, and repeated-use and post-cessation follow-up
Conditions for verification: Retain gaps beyond the short, selected scope.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not replicate the overall measurement result as the same effect in other populations or long-term use.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What is the scope for other populations, durations, and subgroup effects?
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1; detailed population conditions are our own design / M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence and effect-modification details are our own design

N30 · Are independent replication and numbers of reports or populations determined?

Required materials and conditions: Related reports and registrations, unique families, and condition-specific result lists
Conditions for verification: Distinguish report slots from undetermined unique counts.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not count two crossover conditions, nights, stages, memory, or sibling tables as independent replication.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are independent replication and numbers of reports or populations determined?
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 distinction between studies and reports; cohort and outcome linking is our own application / M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application

N31 · How were harms collected prospectively?

Required materials and conditions: Safety-event definitions, systematic and spontaneous collection, severity, and discontinuation
Conditions for verification: Distinguish historical limitations in safety information from current unread external materials.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not turn historical non-reporting or current unread status into zero adverse events.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: How were harms collected prospectively?
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; detailed distinctions are our own design / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; our own application

N32 · Are harm denominators, events, and time known?

Required materials and conditions: Population and time under harm collection, events and people, and periods and conditions
Conditions for verification: Retain gaps in harm information without denominators.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not replicate 18 as a complete safety-analysis denominator or calculate harm frequencies.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are harm denominators, events, and time known?
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; our own application / M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; adaptations by study design are our own design

N33 · What were the timing relationships of harm onset, discontinuation, and recovery?

Required materials and conditions: Event timelines, exposure and discontinuation, recovery, and observation windows
Conditions for verification: Distinguish original exposure duration from gaps in harm timing.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not determine zero harm occurrence or causality from observation after one night alone.
Why this condition is needed: This condition records the original information and gaps for the question: What were the timing relationships of harm onset, discontinuation, and recovery?
Referenced methods: M19 §19.2 concerns harm questions by study design; temporal-relationship details are our own design / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; our own application

N34 · What were harm comparisons, concurrent exposures, and alternative explanations?

Required materials and conditions: Actual event-specific comparisons, baseline and concurrent exposures, alternatives, and attribution
Conditions for verification: Distinguish control and physiological signals from direct harm gaps.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not conclude absence of other harms or alternative causes from no difference in heart rate.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were harm comparisons, concurrent exposures, and alternative explanations?
Referenced methods: M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4, M03 §3.2.3; Chamgap adaptation / M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4 on design considerations; detailed confounding records are a Chamgap design / M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; Chamgap adaptation

N35 · Are missing harm collection, discontinuation, and completeness verified?

Required materials and conditions: Safety reporting and monitoring, discontinuation and omissions, and disclosure scope for all events
Conditions for verification: Retain safety-record limitations separately.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not turn unread or unreported information into certification that no events occurred.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are missing harm collection, discontinuation, and completeness verified?
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap adaptation / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; detailed discrimination is a Chamgap design

N36 · Is independent replication of harm signals verified?

Required materials and conditions: Unique harm reports and cases, shared populations and recitations, and matching exposures
Conditions for verification: Do not generate undetermined replication counts.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not sum the same nights, conditions, sibling tables, or material slots as separate harm replications.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is independent replication of harm signals verified?
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2; harm-material adaptations are Chamgap designs / M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 on distinguishing studies from reports; cohort and outcome connections are Chamgap adaptations

N37 · What are the safety and inference limits beyond the short measurement study?

Required materials and conditions: Direct long-term, rare-harm, and population-specific safety materials and suitable follow-up
Conditions for verification: Retain the original Unknown status and gaps in extending safety claims.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Do not create a new safety grade, causal certification, or device or sleep-treatment use instructions.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What are the safety and inference limits beyond the short measurement study?
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap adaptation / Chamgap's own interpretation boundary. M19 principles are referenced; no official causality tool was executed / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap adaptation

N38 · What were the funding, sponsorship, and institutional roles?

Required materials and conditions: Original support and roles, data access, contracts, and declarations
Conditions for verification: Preserve original support and gaps in roles together.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not promote public or university support or the parent's I2 into current certification of independence.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were the funding, sponsorship, and institutional roles?
Referenced methods: CHAMGAP's own independence and attribution conditions. Official methodological sections used in this pilot do not guarantee every detail of this item / M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application

N39 · What were author disclosures, bed and motor provision, and manufacturer roles?

Required materials and conditions: Author declarations, device provision, and manufacturer roles in design, analysis, and manuscripts
Conditions for verification: Distinguish historical declarations and non-reporting from current gaps in external comparison.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not turn historical non-reporting into certification that there were no device or manufacturer relationships.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were author disclosures, bed and motor provision, and manufacturer roles?
Referenced methods: Chamgap's own independence and attribution conditions. The official method sections used in this pilot do not endorse all of these detailed items / M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; limitations in the current material conversion concern review scope and Chamgap design

N40 · Are the historical review date, corrections, languages, empty values, and current production distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Original dates, corrections and retractions, languages and empty values, and current reading scope
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original history together with current production and incomplete original content review.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not borrow the historical review date or cross-checks as a current clinical verification date, or use an empty array to certify absence of all corrections.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are the historical review date, corrections, languages, empty values, and current production distinguished?
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design / M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 question-clarification principles; detailed separation rules are our own design

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work.

What the statuses mean

Met: The original content has been reviewed as meeting the conditions. This status is not used in this preparation.
Partly verified: Some information in the stored summary was linked during preparation; clinical verification or review is not complete.
Unverified: Required direct values, definitions or materials have not been established within the current storage and reading scope. This does not mean zero effect, no papers or failed access.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content or actual review incomplete.
Not reported: Used only when original materials were actually read and the outcome was judged unreported. Not used for external materials unread in this work.
Inaccessible: Used only when an actual access attempt has a recorded failure. Not used for access that was not attempted in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: Indicates insufficient direct materials for the relevant scope or conditions; it is not a new grade.
Not applicable: Used when the reason it does not apply to the original question is stated.
Conflicting data: Retains the scope of conflicting statements in original materials; it is not an arbitrary reassessment.

Change history

2026-10-11 · Public page/material version 1.0

The public page and data were prepared from the existing 40 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-08-26) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

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N01 · Is the selected question an increase in the proportion of N3 sleep over one night?

Current findings: The selected original question is an increase in the proportion of N3 sleep over one night. It is preserved as a question about a measured sleep outcome comparing a bed rocking laterally at 0.25 Hz with a stationary bed.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Original preserved-summary statements were linked for production as partly verified; clinical verification and content review are not complete. The final count of independent claims remains undetermined.
Reason for missing information: The final count of independent claims remains undetermined.
Required materials and conditions: Connection between the subclaim, parent population and intervention, N3, and duration
Materials to obtain first: Connection between the subclaim, parent population and intervention, N3, and duration
Further research: If the question actually changes, record the original question and excluded scope separately.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not create a new verdict or split, or fill the sibling insomnia question with the same effect. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the exact question from the verdict record.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is the selected question an increase in the proportion of N3 sleep over one night?
Application exceptions: Do not create a new verdict or split, or fill the sibling insomnia question with the same effect.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 question-clarification principles; detailed separation rules are our own design / M03 §3.2.4; our own extension boundary

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N02 · Are the subclaim's grade C and note separate from the parent's C54 and axes?

Current findings: Preserve the selected subclaim's grade C and note: 27.41% versus 22.37%, adjusted P=0.0006. The subclaim has no score, status, or axis keys; these remain null. The parent's C54, Unknown safety, and axes are parent history.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Original preserved-summary statements were linked for production as partly verified; clinical verification and content review are not complete. The original materials contain no distinct subclaim score, status or axes.
Reason for missing information: The original materials contain no distinct subclaim score, status or axes.
Required materials and conditions: Actual subclaim fields and their absence, and the location of original parent values
Materials to obtain first: Actual subclaim fields and their absence, and the location of original parent values
Further research: If subclaim fields are actually added, separate the original version from the new event.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not copy the parent's score of 54 or S/R1/I2/E+/B2 into subclaim-specific values. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Retain the actual scope of subclaim and parent values.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are the subclaim's grade C and note separate from the parent's C54 and axes?
Application exceptions: Do not copy the parent's score of 54 or S/R1/I2/E+/B2 into subclaim-specific values.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 question-clarification principles; detailed separation rules are our own design / M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design

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N03 · Do historical verdicts, design limitations, and cross-checks constitute a current review?

Current findings: The parent describes C54 in the context of a small study of 18 people, one night per condition, and a measured surrogate outcome, and records incorporation of cross-checks. Null, false, and empty-string axis values are also historical records.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. No current RoB2, GRADE, methodological certification, or clinical reassessment has been performed.
Reason for missing information: No current RoB2, GRADE, methodological certification, or clinical reassessment has been performed.
Required materials and conditions: Korean and English verdicts, assessment axes, existing synthesis, review date, and correction history
Materials to obtain first: Korean and English verdicts, assessment axes, existing synthesis, review date, and correction history
Further research: If new evidence is requested, separate the original version from an evidence-update event.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not inherit historical cross-checks or grades as a review passed in this work or an independent subclaim verdict. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original history while marking the original content review as incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Do historical verdicts, design limitations, and cross-checks constitute a current review?
Application exceptions: Do not inherit historical cross-checks or grades as a review passed in this work or an independent subclaim verdict.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design / M08 §8.1–8.2.3; our own application

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N04 · Which materials were actually read, and which external materials remain unread?

Current findings: The designated complete stored JSON summary and selected subclaim were read for production. External abstracts, full texts, registrations, plans, and links have not been read, and access has not been attempted.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Partial verification links the original narrative in the stored summary for production; it does not constitute clinical verification or completed content review. External originals have not been read, and no current comprehensive literature search has been performed.
Reason for missing information: External originals have not been read, and no current comprehensive literature search has been performed.
Required materials and conditions: Acquisition, reading, and locations for the stored summary and each external material
Materials to obtain first: Acquisition, reading, and locations for the stored summary and each external material
Further research: If materials or reading records are added, record only the actual material level.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not label an existing URL or a historical reference to original text as current full-text reading or failed access. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish reading the local summary from unread external materials, by material.
Why this condition is needed: This condition is needed to record original information and gaps separately for the question: Which materials were actually read, and which external materials remain unread?
Application exceptions: Do not label an existing URL or a historical reference to original text as current full-text reading or failed access.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5–4.6 material-collection and selection principles; separation of access and reading and hyperlink rules are our own design / M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design

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N05 · How are reports, registrations, and study families connected?

Current findings: Connect the preserved bibliography for Perrault et al., Curr Biol 2019;29:402-411.e3, PMID 30686735, with one evidence entry. The original registration identifier value is Not confirmed.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. DOI, PMCID, actual registration, and the number of unique trials are unverified.
Reason for missing information: DOI, PMCID, actual registration, and the number of unique trials are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original bibliography, registration and trial identity, and related reports
Materials to obtain first: Original bibliography, registration and trial identity, and related reports
Further research: If an original related-report list is provided, record same-family, recitation, and different-family relationships.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn Not confirmed into Not applicable, a registration number, or zero trials. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original report and registration identifier, leaving undetermined unique counts null.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: How are reports, registrations, and study families connected?
Application exceptions: Do not turn Not confirmed into Not applicable, a registration number, or zero trials.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 on distinguishing studies from reports; cohort and outcome connections are Chamgap adaptations / M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap adaptation / M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap adaptation

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N06 · Was the actual population healthy young adults?

Current findings: The preserved population is 18 healthy young adults. Retain the original statement that these were not results from testing people with insomnia.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Exact ages, sex composition, and baseline sleep and disease conditions are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Exact ages, sex composition, and baseline sleep and disease conditions are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Exact age, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and baseline sleep and vestibular characteristics
Materials to obtain first: Exact age, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and baseline sleep and vestibular characteristics
Further research: If the original population table is provided, distinguish actual selection criteria from gaps for other populations.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not extend healthy young adults to direct effects in insomnia or other age or disease groups. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Retain the original population and unverified selection and applicability scope.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Was the actual population healthy young adults?
Application exceptions: Do not extend healthy young adults to direct effects in insomnia or other age or disease groups.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1; detailed population conditions are our own design / M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence and effect-modification details are our own design

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N07 · What was the rocking-bed exposure in the study?

Current findings: The original intervention was a bed moving laterally at 0.25 Hz, with one night of research exposure per condition. It is not product-use or sleep-treatment guidance.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Amplitude, device model, and details of actual exposure interruptions and adherence are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Amplitude, device model, and details of actual exposure interruptions and adherence are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Device version, amplitude and path, actual duration and interruptions, and exposure records
Materials to obtain first: Device version, amplitude and path, actual duration and interruptions, and exposure records
Further research: If original device or exposure materials are provided, distinguish nominal conditions from actual use.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn 0.25 Hz into manufacturing, setup, or use instructions, or a recommendation for an optimal frequency. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve only the original lateral movement, frequency, and one-night condition.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What was the rocking-bed exposure in the study?
Application exceptions: Do not turn 0.25 Hz into manufacturing, setup, or use instructions, or a recommendation for an optimal frequency.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labeling and assessment adaptations are our own design / M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; our own application

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N08 · Were other environmental conditions the same with the stationary bed?

Current findings: The original comparison is a rocking versus stationary bed. The summary does not contain details of shared or differing noise, room conditions, device appearance, or other exposures.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Specific stationary-control conditions and balance of other environmental factors are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Specific stationary-control conditions and balance of other environmental factors are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Stationary control, environment and noise, device conditions, and shared exposures
Materials to obtain first: Stationary control, environment and noise, device conditions, and shared exposures
Further research: If original comparator materials are provided, record actual shared factors and differences other than movement.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn the stationary-bed comparison into an untreated-insomnia trial or a comparison of other devices. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the actual comparator from gaps in specific environmental conditions.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Were other environmental conditions the same with the stationary bed?
Application exceptions: Do not turn the stationary-bed comparison into an untreated-insomnia trial or a comparison of other devices.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labeling and assessment adaptations are our own design / M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; our own application

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N09 · What were the crossover sequence, counterbalancing, and effects between periods?

Current findings: The original summary describes a randomized counterbalanced crossover, with condition order randomized and counterbalanced.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. The interval, adaptation nights, washout, and handling of period and sequence effects are unverified.
Reason for missing information: The interval, adaptation nights, washout, and handling of period and sequence effects are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Allocation and concealment, sequence-specific denominators, period interval, adaptation, and carryover
Materials to obtain first: Allocation and concealment, sequence-specific denominators, period interval, adaptation, and carryover
Further research: If the original crossover plan or analysis is provided, record sequence, period, and carryover assumptions.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not use the label counterbalanced to declare no carryover or fulfillment of all analysis conditions. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve both the original sequence strength and gaps in crossover details.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were the crossover sequence, counterbalancing, and effects between periods?
Application exceptions: Do not use the label counterbalanced to declare no carryover or fulfillment of all analysis conditions.
Referenced methods: M08 §8.1–8.2.3; Chamgap adaptation / M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap adaptation / M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labels and measurement adaptations are Chamgap designs

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N10 · Are the 18 people and nights per condition repeated observations of the same people?

Current findings: The 18 people slept for one night in each rocking and stationary condition. Do not count the same people's conditions, nights, sleep measurements, or memory results as different participants or independent trials.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Actual analysis denominators for each endpoint, and missing nights or measurements, are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Actual analysis denominators for each endpoint, and missing nights or measurements, are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Connections and inclusion flow for people, nights, conditions, and measurements
Materials to obtain first: Connections and inclusion flow for people, nights, conditions, and measurements
Further research: If original flow or records are provided, distinguish people from inclusion by night and endpoint.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not sum nights, two conditions, or numbers of scorers into a participant total. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Keep the original 18 people and repeated conditions as different units.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are the 18 people and nights per condition repeated observations of the same people?
Application exceptions: Do not sum nights, two conditions, or numbers of scorers into a participant total.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 on distinguishing studies from reports; cohort and outcome connections are Chamgap adaptations / M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap designs

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N11 · Are recruitment, completion, and the N3 analysis denominator directly verified?

Current findings: The preserved scale is 18 people and one night per condition. The summary contains no detailed flow for recruitment, allocation, completion, N3 analysis and exclusions, or valid paired observations.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Actual valid N3 pairs, attrition, measurement failures, and exclusion rules are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Actual valid N3 pairs, attrition, measurement failures, and exclusion rules are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Participant and condition flow, valid N3 pairs, exclusions, and missingness
Materials to obtain first: Participant and condition flow, valid N3 pairs, exclusions, and missingness
Further research: If original flow and endpoint analysis tables are provided, record study scale and actual analysis denominators.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not automatically replicate 18 as a complete analysis denominator for every endpoint and harm. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original study scale from endpoint-specific analysis gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are recruitment, completion, and the N3 analysis denominator directly verified?
Application exceptions: Do not automatically replicate 18 as a complete analysis denominator for every endpoint and harm.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are our own design / M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application

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N12 · What are the denominator, unit, and measurement for N3?

Current findings: This is the polysomnographic proportion of total sleep spent in N3; the original proportion unit is %. N3 fraction is a different measure from absolute total sleep duration.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Direct total sleep duration values, detailed sleep-stage criteria, and valid intervals are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Direct total sleep duration values, detailed sleep-stage criteria, and valid intervals are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Stage definition, total-sleep denominator, scoring and recording methods, and valid intervals
Materials to obtain first: Stage definition, total-sleep denominator, scoring and recording methods, and valid intervals
Further research: If the original measurement methods are provided, record N3 and total-sleep denominators, scales, and analysis windows.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not substitute increased total sleep duration or clinically restful sleep for an increased N3 proportion. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original measured percentage from absolute sleep duration and clinical outcomes.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What are the denominator, unit, and measurement for N3?
Application exceptions: Do not substitute increased total sleep duration or clinically restful sleep for an increased N3 proportion.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; outcome adaptations by question are our own design / M08 Table 8.2.a, M03 §3.2.4; our own application

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N13 · To whom did blinding of sleep-stage scoring apply?

Current findings: Preserve the original account that two scorers scored sleep stages without knowing the condition. The summary contains no account of blinding for other roles.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Scorer agreement, participant and other-role blinding, and unblinding are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Scorer agreement, participant and other-role blinding, and unblinding are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Scoring criteria, scorer agreement, unblinding, and participant and analyst blinding
Materials to obtain first: Scoring criteria, scorer agreement, unblinding, and participant and analyst blinding
Further research: If original scoring materials are provided, record role-specific blinding and the scope of scorer agreement.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not extend blinding of two scorers to double blinding or blinding of all procedures. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original scoring strength from role-specific gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: To whom did blinding of sleep-stage scoring apply?
Application exceptions: Do not extend blinding of two scorers to double blinding or blinding of all procedures.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M03 §3.2.4; our own application / M08 §8.1–8.2.3; our own application

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N14 · What were the original N3 proportions and the ± and SEM notation?

Current findings: Preserve the original notation: rocking 27.41%±1.70(SEM) versus stationary 22.37%±1.65, with Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.0006. SEM is linked to the original notation; it is not an interval for the paired difference.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Paired differences and variance, and details of each summary statistic in the original table, remain unread externally.
Reason for missing information: Paired differences and variance, and details of each summary statistic in the original table, remain unread externally.
Required materials and conditions: Original summary statistics, definitions of each ±, paired data, and estimated differences
Materials to obtain first: Original summary statistics, definitions of each ±, paired data, and estimated differences
Further research: If original results or methods are provided, distinguish condition summary statistics from paired-comparison estimates.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not subtract condition means to calculate a new percentage-point difference, SD, or paired CI. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original proportions, ± and SEM, and adjusted P at the level of their reported notation.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were the original N3 proportions and the ± and SEM notation?
Application exceptions: Do not subtract condition means to calculate a new percentage-point difference, SD, or paired CI.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are our own design / M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are our own design / M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; our own application

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N15 · What were the paired effect of interest, model, and period adjustment?

Current findings: The original materials contain condition-specific N3 proportions and an adjusted P. The summary lacks details of the paired-difference model, period and sequence adjustment, and effect of interest.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. The paired model, period and sequence adjustment, and correlation structure are unverified.
Reason for missing information: The paired model, period and sequence adjustment, and correlation structure are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Crossover paired model, period and sequence, effect of interest, and variance
Materials to obtain first: Crossover paired model, period and sequence, effect of interest, and variance
Further research: If the original statistical plan or methods are provided, record condition values and the actual estimand.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not treat crossover data as two independent parallel groups or create a new effect estimate. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the crossover design from gaps in actual analysis details.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were the paired effect of interest, model, and period adjustment?
Application exceptions: Do not treat crossover data as two independent parallel groups or create a new effect estimate.
Referenced methods: M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap adaptation / M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap adaptation / M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap designs

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N16 · Are historical non-reporting of a 95% CI and current unread status distinguished?

Current findings: The original summary states that a 95% confidence interval was not reported. The original paper tables have not been directly read in this work, so a current full-text comparison is not complete.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. There is no directly verified 95% CI, and the external original tables remain unread.
Reason for missing information: There is no directly verified 95% CI, and the external original tables remain unread.
Required materials and conditions: Paired differences, CIs, and reporting scope in the original results
Materials to obtain first: Paired differences, CIs, and reporting scope in the original results
Further research: If original tables are provided, record actual intervals and the scope of the historical non-reporting account.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not recalculate a CI from SEM, P, and 18 people, or turn unread status into a current direct verification of non-reporting. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Retain the historical non-reporting account and current gap in directly verified intervals.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are historical non-reporting of a 95% CI and current unread status distinguished?
Application exceptions: Do not recalculate a CI from SEM, P, and 18 people, or turn unread status into a current direct verification of non-reporting.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap designs / M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap adaptation / M04 §4.5–4.6 on collecting and selecting materials; separating access from reading and hyperlink rules are Chamgap designs

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N17 · Is there a threshold for a clinically important increase in N3?

Current findings: The existing study explanation states that there was no threshold for a clinically important increase in N3. Do not judge the measurement signal as clinically restful sleep or improvement in insomnia.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. A validated clinically important difference or individual-response threshold is currently unverified.
Reason for missing information: A validated clinically important difference or individual-response threshold is currently unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Clinical importance of the measured change, direct patient outcomes, and original criteria
Materials to obtain first: Clinical importance of the measured change, direct patient outcomes, and original criteria
Further research: If relevant criteria or clinical materials are provided, distinguish the N3 signal from direct clinical importance.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn the difference between condition proportions into a new MCID or criterion for successful restful sleep. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve both the original absence-of-threshold account and the surrogate-outcome limitation.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is there a threshold for a clinically important increase in N3?
Application exceptions: Do not turn the difference between condition proportions into a new MCID or criterion for successful restful sleep.
Referenced methods: M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; our own application / M03 §3.2.4; our own boundary on extensions

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N18 · Which set of tests did the Bonferroni adjustment cover?

Current findings: Preserve N3 adjusted P=0.0006 and the original use of Bonferroni adjustment. The summary lacks details of the full test family, prespecification, and alpha allocation.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. The full test and adjustment scope and prespecified analysis plan are unverified.
Reason for missing information: The full test and adjustment scope and prespecified analysis plan are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Test list, adjustment family, prespecified versus exploratory analyses, and multiplicity plan
Materials to obtain first: Test list, adjustment family, prespecified versus exploratory analyses, and multiplicity plan
Further research: If original plans or methods are provided, record each result and the actual adjustment and hierarchy.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not certify fulfillment of all selective-reporting or multiplicity conditions from the adjusted P alone. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original adjustment notation from planning gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Which set of tests did the Bonferroni adjustment cover?
Application exceptions: Do not certify fulfillment of all selective-reporting or multiplicity conditions from the adjusted P alone.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap adaptation / M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap adaptation

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N19 · Were a single prespecified primary endpoint and registration directly read?

Current findings: The existing verdict rationale states that a single prespecified primary endpoint was not named, and the verification wording in the existing citation preserves this account. The registration field is Not confirmed, and registration and plans remain unread in this work.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. N3's prespecified hierarchy, registration timing and content, and plan changes are unverified.
Reason for missing information: N3's prespecified hierarchy, registration timing and content, and plan changes are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original registration, protocol and SAP, endpoint hierarchy, and changes
Materials to obtain first: Original registration, protocol and SAP, endpoint hierarchy, and changes
Further research: If original plans are provided, distinguish prespecified, secondary, and exploratory outcomes and reporting lists.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not certify N3 in the selected table as a new prespecified primary endpoint or conclude that registration was absent. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original hierarchy history and external planning gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Were a single prespecified primary endpoint and registration directly read?
Application exceptions: Do not certify N3 in the selected table as a new prespecified primary endpoint or conclude that registration was absent.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; our own application / M04 §4.5–4.6 material-collection and selection principles; separation of access and reading and hyperlink rules are our own design

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N20 · Is the N2 sleep-onset result different from N3?

Current findings: The original N2 onset result is 10.08±1.54 versus 16.72±5.52 minutes, adjusted P=0.006. It is a different outcome and unit from the N3 proportion, and the type of ± is not specified in that account.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Definitions of each N2 ±, paired CI, denominator, and prespecified hierarchy are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Definitions of each N2 ±, paired CI, denominator, and prespecified hierarchy are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: N2 onset definition, denominator, ± and intervals, and analysis hierarchy
Materials to obtain first: N2 onset definition, denominator, ± and intervals, and analysis hierarchy
Further research: If original results or methods are provided, record onset results separately from N3 and other sleep measures.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not copy N3's SEM or values into N2 or extend N2 onset to an insomnia-treatment effect. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original onset result, minutes, and adjusted P as a separate outcome.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is the N2 sleep-onset result different from N3?
Application exceptions: Do not copy N3's SEM or values into N2 or extend N2 onset to an insomnia-treatment effect.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are our own design / M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; status separation is our own design / M03 §3.2.4; our own extension boundary

Related sources R01

N21 · Are total sleep duration and other sleep-stage results directly available?

Current findings: The original definition of N3 is a proportion of total sleep. This summary contains no quantitative results for total sleep duration, other stage proportions, awakenings, or sleep efficiency.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Total sleep duration and other sleep results and intervals are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Total sleep duration and other sleep results and intervals are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Values, denominators, timing, and plans for total sleep, stages, awakenings, and efficiency
Materials to obtain first: Values, denominators, timing, and plans for total sleep, stages, awakenings, and efficiency
Further research: If original sleep tables are provided, distinguish proportions, absolute duration, and other measures.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not write that total sleep increased or all sleep measures improved on the basis of an increased N3 proportion. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Leave directly unavailable overall and other sleep values unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are total sleep duration and other sleep-stage results directly available?
Application exceptions: Do not write that total sleep increased or all sleep measures improved on the basis of an increased N3 proportion.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are our own design / M03 §3.2.4; our own extension boundary

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N22 · What information is available about memory and neural oscillation results?

Current findings: The paper title mentions neural oscillations and benefits for Sleep and Memory. The current stored summary contains no direct results for memory tasks, denominators, effects, CIs, or P values.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Direct quantitative values and prespecified hierarchy for memory and neural oscillations are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Direct quantitative values and prespecified hierarchy for memory and neural oscillations are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Definitions, timing, denominators, quantitative results, and hierarchy for memory and neural measures
Materials to obtain first: Definitions, timing, denominators, quantitative results, and hierarchy for memory and neural measures
Further research: If original materials are provided, distinguish the title from actual results and analyses.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not invent memory-improvement effects, statistical significance, or clinical benefit from the title alone. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original title while retaining gaps in direct results.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What information is available about memory and neural oscillation results?
Application exceptions: Do not invent memory-improvement effects, statistical significance, or clinical benefit from the title alone.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap designs / M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap's own extrapolation boundary / M04 §4.5–4.6 on collecting and selecting materials; separating access from reading and hyperlink rules are Chamgap designs

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N23 · Is no difference in heart rate a different safety outcome?

Current findings: The existing counterargument and safety explanation state that there was no condition effect on heart rate. The summary contains no heart-rate values, denominators, CIs, P values, or collection definitions.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Quantitative heart-rate estimates, statistics and hierarchy, and clinical harm materials are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Quantitative heart-rate estimates, statistics and hierarchy, and clinical harm materials are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Heart-rate measurement and duration, denominator, effect and interval, and safety role
Materials to obtain first: Heart-rate measurement and duration, denominator, effect and interval, and safety role
Further research: If original heart-rate materials are provided, distinguish physiological measures from clinical harms.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn no difference in heart rate into absence of all adverse events or a guarantee of device safety. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original no-difference account from gaps in other harms.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is no difference in heart rate a different safety outcome?
Application exceptions: Do not turn no difference in heart rate into absence of all adverse events or a guarantee of device safety.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; status separation is a Chamgap design / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap adaptation / M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4, M03 §3.2.3; Chamgap adaptation

Related sources R01

N24 · Are the hierarchy and selective reporting of all outcomes known?

Current findings: The original summary contains accounts of N3, N2 onset, and heart rate, but did not name a single prespecified primary endpoint; the full planned and reported outcome lists have not been directly read.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. The full outcome set, prespecified hierarchy, and undisclosed items are unverified.
Reason for missing information: The full outcome set, prespecified hierarchy, and undisclosed items are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: All planned and reported outcomes, prespecified hierarchy, adjustment, and undisclosed outcomes
Materials to obtain first: All planned and reported outcomes, prespecified hierarchy, adjustment, and undisclosed outcomes
Further research: If original lists are provided, distinguish reporting status from the scope of the selected table.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not conclude that outcomes absent from the summary did not exist, or fill missing results with favorable title wording. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Retain the preserved direction while leaving the full reporting scope unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are the hierarchy and selective reporting of all outcomes known?
Application exceptions: Do not conclude that outcomes absent from the summary did not exist, or fill missing results with favorable title wording.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; our own application / M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; separation of statuses is our own design

Related sources R01

N25 · What were shared sleep-environment conditions and other exposures?

Current findings: Only the rocking, stationary, and measurement conditions are preserved. The summary lacks actual control or changes in light, noise, schedules, habits, and concurrent medication or stimulation.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Concurrent medication and habits, environmental control, and baseline changes are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Concurrent medication and habits, environmental control, and baseline changes are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Shared environment and schedule, concurrent exposures, and baseline characteristics and adjustments
Materials to obtain first: Shared environment and schedule, concurrent exposures, and baseline characteristics and adjustments
Further research: If original condition records are provided, record factors other than movement and actual shared conditions.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not create sleep-hygiene, medication-adjustment, or lifestyle instructions without original materials. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish research exposure from gaps in concurrent conditions.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were shared sleep-environment conditions and other exposures?
Application exceptions: Do not create sleep-hygiene, medication-adjustment, or lifestyle instructions without original materials.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; Chamgap adaptation / M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labels and measurement adaptations are Chamgap designs / M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4 on design considerations; detailed confounding records are a Chamgap design

Related sources R01

N26 · Are missingness, attrition, actual exposure, and valid records verified?

Current findings: The account describes 18 people and one night per condition, but the summary lacks measurement failures, interruptions, paired missingness and handling, and actual exposure data.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Actual missingness, attrition, interruptions, and exposure adherence are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Actual missingness, attrition, interruptions, and exposure adherence are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Valid nights and pairs, attrition and failures, reasons, missing-data handling, and sensitivity analyses
Materials to obtain first: Valid nights and pairs, attrition and failures, reasons, missing-data handling, and sensitivity analyses
Further research: If original flow or analyses are provided, distinguish participant data from valid data and losses for each endpoint.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not use the original scale of 18 people to insert complete pairs, zero attrition, or zero harms. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish direct gaps in valid data from the original study scale.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are missingness, attrition, actual exposure, and valid records verified?
Application exceptions: Do not use the original scale of 18 people to insert complete pairs, zero attrition, or zero harms.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are our own design / M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4, M04 §4.6.3; our own application

Related sources R01

N27 · Is sustained improvement in insomnia the same question?

Current findings: Another subclaim of the same verdict is sustained improvement in insomnia, with original grade ? and a note that people with insomnia and long-term use were not tested. This is a different clinical gap from the selected one-night N3 question.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Direct results for insomnia and sustained use are unverified within the original scope.
Reason for missing information: Direct results for insomnia and sustained use are unverified within the original scope.
Required materials and conditions: Diagnosed insomnia, repeated use, patient-centered symptoms and function, and follow-up
Materials to obtain first: Diagnosed insomnia, repeated use, patient-centered symptoms and function, and follow-up
Further research: If direct clinical materials are provided, distinguish the measurement signal from sustained insomnia outcomes.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn the sibling's ? into D or zero effect, or fill it with positive N3 results. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the sibling's original context without creating a new split, verdict, or treatment guidance.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is sustained improvement in insomnia the same question?
Application exceptions: Do not turn the sibling's ? into D or zero effect, or fill it with positive N3 results.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 on clarifying questions; detailed separation rules are a Chamgap design / M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence, and effect-modification details are Chamgap designs / M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap's own extrapolation boundary

Related sources R01

N28 · Does the evidence answer questions about other frequencies, amplitudes, or optimal conditions?

Current findings: The original exposure is lateral rocking at 0.25 Hz. The summary contains no direct comparison of other frequencies, amplitudes, or devices, or an optimal exposure.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Direct effects for other frequencies, amplitudes, devices, and optimal conditions are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Direct effects for other frequencies, amplitudes, devices, and optimal conditions are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct condition comparisons, devices and amplitudes, and prespecified dose or intensity hypotheses
Materials to obtain first: Direct condition comparisons, devices and amplitudes, and prespecified dose or intensity hypotheses
Further research: If materials for other conditions are provided, distinguish their scope from the original comparison.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not recommend all rocking, devices, or optimal settings from observations at 0.25 Hz. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Separate the original condition from gaps for other conditions.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Does the evidence answer questions about other frequencies, amplitudes, or optimal conditions?
Application exceptions: Do not recommend all rocking, devices, or optimal settings from observations at 0.25 Hz.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence, and effect-modification details are Chamgap designs / M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; reverse-direction labels and measurement adaptations are Chamgap designs

Related sources R01

N29 · What is the scope for other populations, durations, and subgroup effects?

Current findings: The original population is healthy young adults, with one night per condition. There are no interaction or sustained results for other ages or diseases, sex subgroups, continued use, or after stopping.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Direct effects by population, sustained use, and after cessation are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Direct effects by population, sustained use, and after cessation are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct population and baseline data, prespecified interactions, and repeated-use and post-cessation follow-up
Materials to obtain first: Direct population and baseline data, prespecified interactions, and repeated-use and post-cessation follow-up
Further research: If materials are provided, distinguish the overall short measurement study from separate population and sustained-effect questions.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not replicate the overall measurement result as the same effect in other populations or long-term use. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Retain gaps beyond the short, selected scope.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What is the scope for other populations, durations, and subgroup effects?
Application exceptions: Do not replicate the overall measurement result as the same effect in other populations or long-term use.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1; detailed population conditions are our own design / M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence and effect-modification details are our own design

Related sources R01

N30 · Are independent replication and numbers of reports or populations determined?

Current findings: The parent's R1 is historical, and the current designated evidence and citation lists each contain one entry. Do not newly certify independent trials, total participants, or replication counts by condition or secondary outcome.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Unique trials, summed participants, and independent replication remain undetermined.
Reason for missing information: Unique trials, summed participants, and independent replication remain undetermined.
Required materials and conditions: Related reports and registrations, unique families, and condition-specific result lists
Materials to obtain first: Related reports and registrations, unique families, and condition-specific result lists
Further research: If original lists are provided, record same, different, and unclear families and report relationships.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not count two crossover conditions, nights, stages, memory, or sibling tables as independent replication. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish report slots from undetermined unique counts.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are independent replication and numbers of reports or populations determined?
Application exceptions: Do not count two crossover conditions, nights, stages, memory, or sibling tables as independent replication.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 distinction between studies and reports; cohort and outcome linking is our own application / M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application

Related sources R01

N31 · How were harms collected prospectively?

Current findings: The original summary states that there were no prespecified safety endpoints or adverse-event table. The external original text has not been read in this work, so direct comparison of that absence is not complete.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Direct harm-collection methods, tables, and safety-event values are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Direct harm-collection methods, tables, and safety-event values are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Safety-event definitions, systematic and spontaneous collection, severity, and discontinuation
Materials to obtain first: Safety-event definitions, systematic and spontaneous collection, severity, and discontinuation
Further research: If original safety materials are provided, record actual collection and reporting scope.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn historical non-reporting or current unread status into zero adverse events. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish historical limitations in safety information from current unread external materials.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: How were harms collected prospectively?
Application exceptions: Do not turn historical non-reporting or current unread status into zero adverse events.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; detailed distinctions are our own design / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; our own application

Related sources R01

N32 · Are harm denominators, events, and time known?

Current findings: The scale of 18 people is preserved, but the summary lacks the actual people and nights included in harm collection, exposure time, event counts, and numbers of people with events.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Actual harm denominators, time, and event counts are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Actual harm denominators, time, and event counts are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Population and time under harm collection, events and people, and periods and conditions
Materials to obtain first: Population and time under harm collection, events and people, and periods and conditions
Further research: If original safety denominators are provided, record them separately from measurement and efficacy denominators.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not replicate 18 as a complete safety-analysis denominator or calculate harm frequencies. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Retain gaps in harm information without denominators.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are harm denominators, events, and time known?
Application exceptions: Do not replicate 18 as a complete safety-analysis denominator or calculate harm frequencies.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; our own application / M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; adaptations by study design are our own design

Related sources R01

N33 · What were the timing relationships of harm onset, discontinuation, and recovery?

Current findings: Only the original exposure of one night per condition is preserved. The summary lacks harm onset, cessation, recovery, and re-exposure timing.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Harm-event timing, cessation, recovery, and follow-up are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Harm-event timing, cessation, recovery, and follow-up are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Event timelines, exposure and discontinuation, recovery, and observation windows
Materials to obtain first: Event timelines, exposure and discontinuation, recovery, and observation windows
Further research: If original event records are provided, distinguish temporal relationships from causality and denominator limitations.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not determine zero harm occurrence or causality from observation after one night alone. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish original exposure duration from gaps in harm timing.
Why this condition is needed: This condition records the original information and gaps for the question: What were the timing relationships of harm onset, discontinuation, and recovery?
Application exceptions: Do not determine zero harm occurrence or causality from observation after one night alone.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.2 concerns harm questions by study design; temporal-relationship details are our own design / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; our own application

Related sources R01

N34 · What were harm comparisons, concurrent exposures, and alternative explanations?

Current findings: The stationary control and absence of a heart-rate condition effect are preserved, but the summary lacks comparisons of other clinical harms and attribution involving baseline, environment, and concurrent exposures.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Clinical harm comparisons, event attribution, and alternative explanations are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Clinical harm comparisons, event attribution, and alternative explanations are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Actual event-specific comparisons, baseline and concurrent exposures, alternatives, and attribution
Materials to obtain first: Actual event-specific comparisons, baseline and concurrent exposures, alternatives, and attribution
Further research: If original safety and condition materials are provided, distinguish physiological measures from harms and alternative explanations.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not conclude absence of other harms or alternative causes from no difference in heart rate. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish control and physiological signals from direct harm gaps.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were harm comparisons, concurrent exposures, and alternative explanations?
Application exceptions: Do not conclude absence of other harms or alternative causes from no difference in heart rate.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4, M03 §3.2.3; Chamgap adaptation / M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4 on design considerations; detailed confounding records are a Chamgap design / M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; Chamgap adaptation

Related sources R01

N35 · Are missing harm collection, discontinuation, and completeness verified?

Current findings: The original limitation concerning prespecified safety endpoints and an adverse-event table is preserved. The summary lacks safety completeness, including discontinuers, reporting omissions, and differences in detection and collection.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Completeness of safety collection and discontinued or omitted events are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Completeness of safety collection and discontinued or omitted events are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Safety reporting and monitoring, discontinuation and omissions, and disclosure scope for all events
Materials to obtain first: Safety reporting and monitoring, discontinuation and omissions, and disclosure scope for all events
Further research: If original collection and flow records are provided, distinguish reported events from the scope of omissions.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn unread or unreported information into certification that no events occurred. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Retain safety-record limitations separately.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are missing harm collection, discontinuation, and completeness verified?
Application exceptions: Do not turn unread or unreported information into certification that no events occurred.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap adaptation / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; detailed discrimination is a Chamgap design

Related sources R01

N36 · Is independent replication of harm signals verified?

Current findings: There is one current stored bibliographic and trial context, with no other unique harm-family or event list. This is not a search conclusion that there are zero independent harm materials.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: Required direct details are absent from the stored summary and remain unverified. External materials remain unread. Independent harm replication and unique event counts remain undetermined.
Reason for missing information: Independent harm replication and unique event counts remain undetermined.
Required materials and conditions: Unique harm reports and cases, shared populations and recitations, and matching exposures
Materials to obtain first: Unique harm reports and cases, shared populations and recitations, and matching exposures
Further research: If related original lists are provided, distinguish the same events from records of different families.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not sum the same nights, conditions, sibling tables, or material slots as separate harm replications. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Do not generate undetermined replication counts.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Is independent replication of harm signals verified?
Application exceptions: Do not sum the same nights, conditions, sibling tables, or material slots as separate harm replications.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2; harm-material adaptations are Chamgap designs / M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 on distinguishing studies from reports; cohort and outcome connections are Chamgap adaptations

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N37 · What are the safety and inference limits beyond the short measurement study?

Current findings: Parent safety is Unknown; the original explanation says this was not an adequate safety assessment and reports no heart-rate effect. Overall long-term, rare-harm, or other-population safety cannot be answered by this short measurement study.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Long-term, rare, and vulnerable-population harms and harmlessness are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Long-term, rare, and vulnerable-population harms and harmlessness are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct long-term, rare-harm, and population-specific safety materials and suitable follow-up
Materials to obtain first: Direct long-term, rare-harm, and population-specific safety materials and suitable follow-up
Further research: If direct materials are provided, distinguish the one-night measurement study from separate safety scopes.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not create a new safety grade, causal certification, or device or sleep-treatment use instructions. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Retain the original Unknown status and gaps in extending safety claims.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What are the safety and inference limits beyond the short measurement study?
Application exceptions: Do not create a new safety grade, causal certification, or device or sleep-treatment use instructions.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap adaptation / Chamgap's own interpretation boundary. M19 principles are referenced; no official causality tool was executed / M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap adaptation

Related sources R01

N38 · What were the funding, sponsorship, and institutional roles?

Current findings: Preserve the original summary of support from the Swiss National Science Foundation and University of Geneva. The summary lacks details of each institution's roles in design, analysis, manuscripts, and publication.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. Institution-specific roles and direct comparison with original declarations are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Institution-specific roles and direct comparison with original declarations are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original support and roles, data access, contracts, and declarations
Materials to obtain first: Original support and roles, data access, contracts, and declarations
Further research: If original declarations are provided, distinguish supporting institutions from actual operational roles.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not promote public or university support or the parent's I2 into current certification of independence. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve original support and gaps in roles together.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were the funding, sponsorship, and institutional roles?
Application exceptions: Do not promote public or university support or the parent's I2 into current certification of independence.
Referenced methods: CHAMGAP's own independence and attribution conditions. Official methodological sections used in this pilot do not guarantee every detail of this item / M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application

Related sources R01

N39 · What were author disclosures, bed and motor provision, and manufacturer roles?

Current findings: The original summary states that authors declared no competing interests and that free provision of the bed or motor and manufacturer involvement were not reported in the original text. The original declarations and main text remain unread in this work.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. The full original declarations and device-provision and manufacturer roles have not been directly verified in this work.
Reason for missing information: The full original declarations and device-provision and manufacturer roles have not been directly verified in this work.
Required materials and conditions: Author declarations, device provision, and manufacturer roles in design, analysis, and manuscripts
Materials to obtain first: Author declarations, device provision, and manufacturer roles in design, analysis, and manuscripts
Further research: If original declarations or provision records are provided, distinguish historical non-reporting from actual roles.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not turn historical non-reporting into certification that there were no device or manufacturer relationships. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish historical declarations and non-reporting from current gaps in external comparison.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: What were author disclosures, bed and motor provision, and manufacturer roles?
Application exceptions: Do not turn historical non-reporting into certification that there were no device or manufacturer relationships.
Referenced methods: Chamgap's own independence and attribution conditions. The official method sections used in this pilot do not endorse all of these detailed items / M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; limitations in the current material conversion concern review scope and Chamgap design

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N40 · Are the historical review date, corrections, languages, empty values, and current production distinguished?

Current findings: Preserve the review date 2026-08-26, the empty correction array, the empty deliberation string, and unrecorded, false, and empty-string values in the Korean and English text and parent assessment axes.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external materials not read
Why unverified: This is partial confirmation linking the original stored account for production; clinical verification and review are not complete. There are no separate evidence-cutoff or classification records, and no current correction or retraction search has been performed.
Reason for missing information: There are no separate evidence-cutoff or classification records, and no current correction or retraction search has been performed.
Required materials and conditions: Original dates, corrections and retractions, languages and empty values, and current reading scope
Materials to obtain first: Original dates, corrections and retractions, languages and empty values, and current reading scope
Further research: If actual update materials are provided, separate the complete original version from a new correction event.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not borrow the historical review date or cross-checks as a current clinical verification date, or use an empty array to certify absence of all corrections. The original content review remains incomplete, and external original materials have not been directly verified.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original history together with current production and incomplete original content review.
Why this condition is needed: Required to record the original information and gaps for this question as an individual condition: Are the historical review date, corrections, languages, empty values, and current production distinguished?
Application exceptions: Do not borrow the historical review date or cross-checks as a current clinical verification date, or use an empty array to certify absence of all corrections.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design / M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 question-clarification principles; detailed separation rules are our own design

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