Two-year balance training × reduced serious injurious falls in women aged 75–85 with impaired balance: an evidence checklist

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat is the selected serious-injury-only question and original grade?Required	The selected claim is reduced serious injurious falls, with subclaim grade D and a note that the HR.83 CI included 1. Combined-outcome B and parent B76 provide different context. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. The subclaim has no score, status or axis values; parent values do not fill them. The combined effect does not establish the serious-only effect. The original content review remains incomplete.	Separate subclaim D and note, combined-outcome B and parent B76	Separate the question, assessment record and assessments of other endpoints. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWho was studied for the serious-injury outcome and how were participants selected?Required	The original Ossébo population was 706 community-dwelling women aged 75–85 with impaired balance or gait. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Impairment thresholds, baseline falls and illnesses, eligibility and exclusions, recruitment and the population observed for the serious-injury outcome are unverified. The finding is not extended to all older adults, men or institutional settings. The original content review remains incomplete.	Impaired balance or gait, community-dwelling women aged 75–85 and baseline risk	Retain differences between the selected population and other high-risk groups. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat was the historical two-year program and actual exposure?Required	The original research program combined weekly supervised group balance training and home exercise over two years. This is not an exercise program, movement instruction or prescription. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Detailed components, home exposure and attendance, intensity, actual adherence and discontinuation, and separate component effects are unverified. The original content review remains incomplete.	Supervised group plus home exercise, weekly sessions, adherence and discontinuation	Distinguish planned intervention from actual exposure. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
4	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat were the control, concomitant measures and changes?Required	The original materials compare 352 exercise participants with 354 controls. S01	The information currently needed is unverified in the stored summary. Control care, information and contact, group-specific concurrent exercise, treatment, environmental changes and amendments are unverified. No intervention or placebo is not filled in. The original content review remains incomplete.	Control care, shared or other exercise, medication, environment and rescue treatment	Separate the program contribution from other exposures. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
5	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialAre allocation and baseline balance in the 20-center RCT known?Required	The original text describes a 20-center, two-year RCT with 706 participants allocated 352/354. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Allocation unit and operations, baseline balance and group correspondence within centers are unverified. Center count alone does not establish cluster randomization. The original content review remains incomplete.	Allocation unit, sequence and concealment, centers and individuals, baseline characteristics	Separate centers, participants and the actual randomized design. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhich criteria classified serious injury events?Required	The original text says geriatricians unaware of allocation classified events using physical-harm and healthcare-use criteria. The selected question concerns serious injuries only. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Exact serious-injury thresholds and components, specific fracture or hospitalization rules, overlap and reclassification and adjudicator agreement are unverified. Moderate-plus-serious injuries are not treated as the same event category. The original content review remains incomplete.	Serious-injury definition, physical harm and healthcare use, adjudication and reclassification	Separate definitions of serious-only injuries, combined injuries and all falls. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat is known about event collection, blinded adjudication, detection and omissions?Required	The original record of adjudicators being blinded to allocation is preserved. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Participant, collector and analyst blinding, fall collection methods and frequency, detection and omissions and medical-record confirmation are unverified. The strength of adjudication is not treated as resolution of every measurement or missing-data issue. The original content review remains incomplete.	Reporting and verification, blinding, collection frequency and omissions over time	Separate event occurrence, reporting and adjudication stages. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialAre 68/87 events counts of unique people?Required	The original serious injurious-fall counts were 68 versus 87 events, preserved as event counts for exercise and control respectively. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. People per event, first and repeated events, the serious-injury analysis population and observation time are unverified. Events are not converted to people or response rates, and no new total or difference is calculated. The original content review remains incomplete.	Serious events, people, repetition, denominators and duration	Distinguish repeated events in the same person from event counts. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat result do the serious-only HR.83, interval and nonsignificance describe?Required	The original serious-only HR.83, CI.60~1.16 and narrative and note that the result was not significant are preserved. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. The serious-only P value, interval construction, center and repeated-event handling, exact denominator and importance threshold are unverified. New P values, percentage reductions or CI are not calculated. The original content review remains incomplete.	Original estimate, CI, model, time and interpretation	Link the original interval to the analysis of its endpoint. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialDoes a CI including 1 establish an exactly zero effect or equivalence?Required	The original text records that the serious-only CI included benefit and no effect and the result was not statistically established. Subclaim D is the original grade. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Important-difference and equivalence margins, prior hypotheses and additional precision data are unverified. An exactly zero effect, exclusion of every important benefit or equivalence is not newly assessed. The original content review remains incomplete.	Original uncertainty, effects compatible with the interval, important differences and hypotheses	Separate nonsignificance and uncertainty from a distinct equivalence question. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialCan the positive combined-injury finding be applied to serious injuries only?Required	Combined 305/397 events, original 0.45/0.56 events per woman-year, center-adjusted shared-frailty HR.81 (CI.67~.99) and P=.04 belong to another endpoint. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. The combined model, denominator, P=.04 and rates do not fill serious-only values. Moderate-only effects or events are not newly calculated by subtracting serious injuries from the combined result. The original content review remains incomplete.	Moderate-plus-serious injuries, event counts, rates and HR, distinct endpoints	Preserve positive and nonsignificant results from the same trial together. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat history do the original primary outcome and recruitment-stage amendment provide for the serious-injury hierarchy?Required	The original text says that the target was reduced from 1,000 per arm about eight months after recruitment began and the outcome changed from Korean first serious fall or English serious falls to moderate-plus-serious injuries. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. The original first-event estimation definition, serious-injury hierarchy and testing after amendment, revised target and original plans are unverified. First-event or recurrent-event modeling or current serious-injury primary status is not arbitrarily established. The original content review remains incomplete.	Original and amended primary outcome, timing, sample target and reasons	Distinguish the original hierarchy, amendment and current serious-injury result. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWere data-driven amendment, prespecification and multiplicity verified?Required	The original text records that amendment was not reported as data-driven, while prespecification had limitations. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Decision timing, actual data access, serious-injury testing and multiplicity and original and amended plans have not been read. Neither confirmed data-driven amendment nor complete prespecified confirmation is newly certified. The original content review remains incomplete.	Amendment decisions, data access, hypotheses, multiple comparisons and prior hierarchy	Separate the original amendment narrative from actual verification. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
14	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat are the two-year follow-up, event times, censoring, missing data and denominators?Required	Original allocation of 706 participants, 352/354, and two-year follow-up are preserved. S01	The information currently needed is unverified in the stored summary. People completing follow-up or analyzed for serious injuries, actual time, attrition, deaths, censoring and missing-data handling are unverified. Combined woman-year rates or complete two-year follow-up for everyone do not fill serious-only denominators. The original content review remains incomplete.	Allocation, observation and analysis, actual time, attrition and deaths	Distinguish nominal duration from actual serious-injury observation and analysis. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
15	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat are the effect of interest, ITT, adherence and repeated-event handling for serious-injury analysis?Required	The current summary provides the serious-only HR and interval but does not specify the detailed model. S01	The information currently needed is unverified in the stored summary. The combined center-adjusted shared-frailty model is not automatically copied to serious injuries. Serious-only ITT/PP, adherence, first and repeated events, sensitivity analyses and subgroups are unverified. The original content review remains incomplete.	Assignment effect, ITT/PP, models, deviations and sensitivity analyses	Separate endpoint-specific models, denominators and effect definitions. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
16	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialDo other fall or functional outcomes answer the serious-injury-only question?Required	The original evidence concerns combined moderate-plus-serious and serious-only outcomes. S01	The information currently needed is unverified in the stored summary. All falls, component-specific fractures, function, quality of life, death and other secondary values are unverified. Serious-injury counts and HR are not turned into other outcomes. The original content review remains incomplete.	All falls, fractures and hospitalization, function, mortality and primary or secondary hierarchy	Distinguish serious events from other clinical and functional questions. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat is the actual access status of registration, plans and amendments?Required	Original NCT00545350 and the serious-injury primary-outcome amendment narrative are linked. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. External registration, protocols, SAP and amendment history have not been read or accessed. Registration identifiers alone do not establish serious-injury prespecified hypotheses or completed plan comparison. The original content review remains incomplete.	NCT00545350, original and amended protocols, SAP and history	If materials are supplied, distinguish testing and hierarchy amendments from current results. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat is the scope of public support, non-involvement and detailed COI?Required	The original public funders and accounts of no involvement in design, collection, analysis or publication decisions are preserved. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Contracts and amounts, actual roles, products and free equipment, employee authors and patents, COI and analysis, writing or publication support are unverified. Public funding or original I2 is not changed into independence certification. The original content review remains incomplete.	AP-HP, Ministry of Health, ANR, INPES, Ile-de-France, roles and disclosures	Separate declared support from the scope of actual relationship verification. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
19	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Harm-information gaps supplementing the efficacy tableAre the five exercise-related injurious falls the same as the serious-only outcome?Supplementary	The five exercise-related injurious falls are a separate original safety account. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Severity of the five events, overlap with selected serious-only 68/87 events, unique people, exposure, time and adjudication methods are unverified. The five events do not fill serious-injury denominators or causes and are not used to calculate new rates or differences. The original content review remains incomplete.	Harm events, severity and time, exposure, people and event counts	Separate the prevention endpoint from program-related harm records. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
20	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Harm-information gaps supplementing the efficacy tableAre harm relatedness, alternative explanations and long-term safety known?Supplementary	The original exercise-related label and parent's Caution safety label are preserved as history. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Relatedness adjudication, baseline illnesses, concomitant factors and environment, comparative harms, long-term or rare events and other populations are unverified. Nonsignificant serious-injury efficacy is not changed into safety or harm causality, and no new supervision or movement prescription is created. The original content review remains incomplete.	Original relatedness, baseline and concomitant factors, comparisons, rare events and vulnerable groups	Separate efficacy-related serious events from overall safety gaps. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
21	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialDo related tai ji quan and Otago assessments directly establish the serious-only effect?Required	The stored tai ji quan 1812 and Otago 1834 A86 links are historical comparisons. The current evidence and citation lists contain one Ossébo report. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Other assessments and trials, serious events, identity and independence were not looked up. Links are not combined as additional independent confirmation of the current serious-only outcome. The original content review remains incomplete.	Other programs, populations and durations, assessment links and bibliography	Separate other exercise assessments from the current selected outcome. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
22	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialHow are the same people, event severities and related sheets shared?Required	The two selected sheets share the same Ossébo/NCT00545350 trial, 706 participants and one report. Serious injuries relate to the combined category and do not represent a separate independent trial or participants. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. External comparison of related or follow-up reports and event duplication was not performed. Event counts, people, woman-years and original R1 are not added into new replication totals; unique clinical totals remain unrecorded. The original content review remains incomplete.	Ossébo report and registration, combined versus serious-only outcomes, repeated events and time	Distinguish report slots from unique trials, participants and replication. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
23	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialAre findings extended to other populations, programs or durations?Required	The original text limits the finding to the combined injury-rate reduction in this population and states that reduction of every serious fall was not established. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Serious-injury effects in other populations, exercises, isolated components, after cessation or beyond two years are unverified. No exercise program, movement instruction, prescription or treatment guidance is created. The original content review remains incomplete.	High-risk women aged 75–85, combined exposure, two years and direct extension evidence	Separate the scope of the selected serious-injury question from extension questions. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
24	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat history is retained in parent B76, languages, dates, empty values and corrections?Required	Parent B76, Caution safety, unrecorded precision, a true large hard-outcome RCT flag, other false flags, empty override reasons, Korean and English texts, 2026-08-26, empty correction and deliberation records, historical cross-checks and selected D and its note are preserved in full. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Subclaim scores, status and axes are not filled with parent values. This is not a new current search, language or original-text review, correction or retraction check or independence certification. The original content review remains incomplete.	Selected D, original axes with true, false and unrecorded values, Korean and English texts and historical cross-checks	Distinguish the original record from production and amendment events. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
25	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Efficacy comparison and presentation of stored materialWhat is the reading status of the summary, external paper, registration, plans and disclosures?Required	The complete stored summary, one evidence entry and one citation were read for production and the original BMJ link was preserved. The summary is marked summary read; external materials are marked not read. S01	Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. External abstract and full text, registration, protocols, SAP and disclosures have not been read or accessed. Original identifiers, bibliography or historical narratives do not establish new acquisition, full-text reading or review. The original content review remains incomplete.	One original evidence entry, one citation, BMJ link, acquisition and actual reading	Distinguish material-specific existence, acquisition, reading level and access. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.

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25 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: Not recorded
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-08-26
Scope actually checked: Existing review summaries and stored records of methodological application. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: This is the date the stored materials were checked, not the date of a new search of the clinical literature.
Population: The same community-dwelling women aged 75–85 with impaired balance; serious-injury-specific denominators unverified
Ingredient, formulation and route: The same two-year supervised group plus home exercise program; no confirmation of individual component effects
Dose: Not recorded
Comparator: The same control group; actual exposure, concomitant measures and discontinuation unverified
Measured outcome: Serious injurious falls only; original 68/87 events; HR.83/CI.60~1.16
Duration: Two-year study; primary outcome amended during recruitment from serious injuries to the combined outcome; current serious-injury hierarchy and model unverified
Questions outside this scope: Repurposing the positive combined moderate-plus-serious finding as a serious-only, all-fall, individual-fracture, functional or mortality effect; Changing the serious-only CI containing 1 or original grade D into an exactly zero effect, equivalence, exclusion of every important benefit or a new grade; Turning 305/397 or 68/87 events into unique people or response rates, or subtracting from the combined result to calculate a new moderate-only effect; Replacing actual endpoint-specific completion, analysis, woman-year or safety denominators with 706 participants, 352/354 allocation and nominal two years, or calculating new rates, losses or event totals; Automatically applying the combined shared-frailty and center-adjusted model, P=.04 or .45/.56 rates to serious-only models, tests or denominators; Calculating a simple rate ratio, new percentage reduction or absolute risk from the HR, or creating CI, P values or hypothetical numbers absent from the original; Changing the approximate eight-month recruitment timing, original target of 1,000 per arm or Korean first serious fall versus English serious falls into a new actual sample total or established first-event model without comparing amendment plans; Treating absence of a report of data-driven amendment as proof of no interim-data access, complete prespecification or confirmed data-driven amendment; Using five exercise-related events as a full safety denominator, significant harm, causality or serious-injury effect, or creating movement, supervision or environmental prescriptions; Adding Tai ji quan 1812 or Otago 1834 assessment links as new direct trials or replication of the identical program; Adding the same trial or report, people, groups, times, severities, repeated events or related sheets into new independent-trial, participant or event totals; Changing original public support, non-involvement, R1/I2 or unverified product support and COI into new verification of independence, absence of relationships or methodological certification; Inheriting parent B76, original axes or historical cross-checks as selected B/D scores or axes, or as new content review or external reading; Generalizing to other sexes, ages, settings, exercises or isolated components, beyond two years or after cessation, or providing exercise programs, movement instructions, prescriptions or treatment guidance

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

S01 · El-Khoury F et al. 2015 Ossébo

Official source

Material type: Two-year 20-center randomized controlled trial
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Findings recorded in the stored summary: The original serious injurious-fall counts of 68 versus 87 events, HR.83, original CI.60~1.16 and nonsignificant result are preserved. No exactly zero effect, equivalence, exclusion of every important benefit, new P value or denominator is created. Combined 305/397 events, HR.81, P=.04, shared-frailty modeling and .45 versus .56 events per woman-year provide another endpoint's context and are not automatically copied to the serious-injury model.
Record level: Outcome wording in the stored summary
Study overlap and independent replication: S01, El-Khoury 2015 Ossébo/NCT00545350, is a report of the same 20-center RCT of two-year supervised group plus home exercise in 706 community-dwelling women aged 75–85 with impaired balance or gait, allocated 352/354. The two selected sheets share people, groups, times, bibliography, injury severity, repeated events and woman-year context. Combined 305/397 events, serious-only 68/87 events and original rates and HR use distinct endpoints and units. The recruitment-stage primary-outcome amendment and gaps in actual denominators, censoring, modeling, five safety events, public support and COI are retained separately; no new independent-trial, participant or event total is created. Report and material slots are not unique clinical-trial, participant or independent-replication totals; unique clinical totals remain unrecorded. Tai ji quan 1812 and Otago 1834 assessment links are not combined as new reports or direct replication.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Stored summary	Stored file	Stored summary	Summary read	Only the stored JSON summary and bibliography were used for production. This does not constitute external verification or completed content review.
External paper	Public availability unverified; only bibliography links preserved	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	No external access or click testing was performed in the original preparation. URLs or registration identifiers alone do not upgrade acquisition/reading status.
Registration material	Public availability unverified; only bibliography links preserved	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	No external access or click testing was performed in the original preparation. URLs or registration identifiers alone do not upgrade acquisition/reading status.
Protocol	Public availability unverified; only bibliography links preserved	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	No external access or click testing was performed in the original preparation. URLs or registration identifiers alone do not upgrade acquisition/reading status.
Statistical analysis plan	Public availability unverified; only bibliography links preserved	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	No external access or click testing was performed in the original preparation. URLs or registration identifiers alone do not upgrade acquisition/reading status.
Funding, product-support and COI material	Public availability unverified; only bibliography links preserved	Unread; access not attempted	Not read	No external access or click testing was performed in the original preparation. URLs or registration identifiers alone do not upgrade acquisition/reading status.

Report counts versus independent study counts

S01, El-Khoury 2015 Ossébo/NCT00545350, is a report of the same 20-center RCT of two-year supervised group plus home exercise in 706 community-dwelling women aged 75–85 with impaired balance or gait, allocated 352/354. The two selected sheets share people, groups, times, bibliography, injury severity, repeated events and woman-year context. Combined 305/397 events, serious-only 68/87 events and original rates and HR use distinct endpoints and units. The recruitment-stage primary-outcome amendment and gaps in actual denominators, censoring, modeling, five safety events, public support and COI are retained separately; no new independent-trial, participant or event total is created. Report and material slots are not unique clinical-trial, participant or independent-replication totals; unique clinical totals remain unrecorded. Tai ji quan 1812 and Otago 1834 assessment links are not combined as new reports or direct replication.

Review criteria

Version 1.0 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · What is the selected serious-injury-only question and original grade?

Required materials and conditions: Separate subclaim D and note, combined-outcome B and parent B76
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Separate subclaim D and note, combined-outcome B and parent B76 must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Separate subclaim D and note, combined-outcome B and parent B76 to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 question-clarification principles; detailed separation rules are internally designed; M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; limits of this material conversion follow the review scope and internal design

N02 · Who was studied for the serious-injury outcome and how were participants selected?

Required materials and conditions: Impaired balance or gait, community-dwelling women aged 75–85 and baseline risk
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Impaired balance or gait, community-dwelling women aged 75–85 and baseline risk must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Impaired balance or gait, community-dwelling women aged 75–85 and baseline risk to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1; detailed population conditions are Chamgap's own design

N03 · What was the historical two-year program and actual exposure?

Required materials and conditions: Supervised group plus home exercise, weekly sessions, adherence and discontinuation
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Supervised group plus home exercise, weekly sessions, adherence and discontinuation must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Supervised group plus home exercise, weekly sessions, adherence and discontinuation to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; Reverse-direction labels and assessment adaptation are Chamgap design; M03 §3.2.3 and M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; Chamgap application

N04 · What were the control, concomitant measures and changes?

Required materials and conditions: Control care, shared or other exercise, medication, environment and rescue treatment
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Control care, shared or other exercise, medication, environment and rescue treatment must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Control care, shared or other exercise, medication, environment and rescue treatment to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; Reverse-direction labels and assessment adaptation are Chamgap design; M03 §3.2.3 and M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; Chamgap application

N05 · Are allocation and baseline balance in the 20-center RCT known?

Required materials and conditions: Allocation unit, sequence and concealment, centers and individuals, baseline characteristics
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Allocation unit, sequence and concealment, centers and individuals, baseline characteristics must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Allocation unit, sequence and concealment, centers and individuals, baseline characteristics to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 §8.1–8.2.3; own application; M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptation is our own design

N06 · Which criteria classified serious injury events?

Required materials and conditions: Serious-injury definition, physical harm and healthcare use, adjudication and reclassification
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Serious-injury definition, physical harm and healthcare use, adjudication and reclassification must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Serious-injury definition, physical harm and healthcare use, adjudication and reclassification to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are our own design; M08 Table 8.2.a, M03 §3.2.4; our own application

N07 · What is known about event collection, blinded adjudication, detection and omissions?

Required materials and conditions: Reporting and verification, blinding, collection frequency and omissions over time
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Reporting and verification, blinding, collection frequency and omissions over time must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Reporting and verification, blinding, collection frequency and omissions over time to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap application; M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap's own design

N08 · Are 68/87 events counts of unique people?

Required materials and conditions: Serious events, people, repetition, denominators and duration
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Serious events, people, repetition, denominators and duration must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Serious events, people, repetition, denominators and duration to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap's own design; M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap's own design

N09 · What result do the serious-only HR.83, interval and nonsignificance describe?

Required materials and conditions: Original estimate, CI, model, time and interpretation
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Original estimate, CI, model, time and interpretation must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Original estimate, CI, model, time and interpretation to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application; M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap application; M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap's own design

N10 · Does a CI including 1 establish an exactly zero effect or equivalence?

Required materials and conditions: Original uncertainty, effects compatible with the interval, important differences and hypotheses
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Original uncertainty, effects compatible with the interval, important differences and hypotheses must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Original uncertainty, effects compatible with the interval, important differences and hypotheses to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap application; M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; separation of statuses is Chamgap's own design

N11 · Can the positive combined-injury finding be applied to serious injuries only?

Required materials and conditions: Moderate-plus-serious injuries, event counts, rates and HR, distinct endpoints
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Moderate-plus-serious injuries, event counts, rates and HR, distinct endpoints must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Moderate-plus-serious injuries, event counts, rates and HR, distinct endpoints to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; separation of statuses is Chamgap's own design; M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap's own design; M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application

N12 · What history do the original primary outcome and recruitment-stage amendment provide for the serious-injury hierarchy?

Required materials and conditions: Original and amended primary outcome, timing, sample target and reasons
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Original and amended primary outcome, timing, sample target and reasons must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Original and amended primary outcome, timing, sample target and reasons to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application; M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap's own design; M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; limits to this material conversion reflect the review scope and Chamgap's own design

N13 · Were data-driven amendment, prespecification and multiplicity verified?

Required materials and conditions: Amendment decisions, data access, hypotheses, multiple comparisons and prior hierarchy
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Amendment decisions, data access, hypotheses, multiple comparisons and prior hierarchy must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Amendment decisions, data access, hypotheses, multiple comparisons and prior hierarchy to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application; M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; separation of statuses is Chamgap's own design

N14 · What are the two-year follow-up, event times, censoring, missing data and denominators?

Required materials and conditions: Allocation, observation and analysis, actual time, attrition and deaths
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Allocation, observation and analysis, actual time, attrition and deaths must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Allocation, observation and analysis, actual time, attrition and deaths to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3 and M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Design-specific adaptation is Chamgap design; M08 §8.2.2 and M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application

N15 · What are the effect of interest, ITT, adherence and repeated-event handling for serious-injury analysis?

Required materials and conditions: Assignment effect, ITT/PP, models, deviations and sensitivity analyses
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Assignment effect, ITT/PP, models, deviations and sensitivity analyses must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Assignment effect, ITT/PP, models, deviations and sensitivity analyses to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application; M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; our own application

N16 · Do other fall or functional outcomes answer the serious-injury-only question?

Required materials and conditions: All falls, fractures and hospitalization, function, mortality and primary or secondary hierarchy
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for All falls, fractures and hospitalization, function, mortality and primary or secondary hierarchy must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates All falls, fractures and hospitalization, function, mortality and primary or secondary hierarchy to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap's own design; M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap extension boundaries; M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application

N17 · What is the actual access status of registration, plans and amendments?

Required materials and conditions: NCT00545350, original and amended protocols, SAP and history
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for NCT00545350, original and amended protocols, SAP and history must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates NCT00545350, original and amended protocols, SAP and history to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application; M04 §4.5–4.6 principles for collecting and selecting materials; separation of access and reading and hyperlink rules are Chamgap's own design

N18 · What is the scope of public support, non-involvement and detailed COI?

Required materials and conditions: AP-HP, Ministry of Health, ANR, INPES, Ile-de-France, roles and disclosures
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for AP-HP, Ministry of Health, ANR, INPES, Ile-de-France, roles and disclosures must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates AP-HP, Ministry of Health, ANR, INPES, Ile-de-France, roles and disclosures to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: Chamgap's own conditions for independence and attribution. The official methodological sections used in this example do not validate every detail of these items.

N19 · Are the five exercise-related injurious falls the same as the serious-only outcome?

Required materials and conditions: Harm events, severity and time, exposure, people and event counts
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Harm events, severity and time, exposure, people and event counts must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Supplements gaps in safety materials for the selected subclaim. Fall-prevention effects, injury counts or the parent safety wording do not establish safety, and no new harm rate, exercise program, movement instruction or prescription is created.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Harm events, severity and time, exposure, people and event counts to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap application; M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; detailed distinctions are Chamgap's own design; M19 §19.2 design-specific harm questions; timing details are Chamgap's own design; M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap application; M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application

N20 · Are harm relatedness, alternative explanations and long-term safety known?

Required materials and conditions: Original relatedness, baseline and concomitant factors, comparisons, rare events and vulnerable groups
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Original relatedness, baseline and concomitant factors, comparisons, rare events and vulnerable groups must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary
Application exceptions: Supplements gaps in safety materials for the selected subclaim. Fall-prevention effects, injury counts or the parent safety wording do not establish safety, and no new harm rate, exercise program, movement instruction or prescription is created.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Original relatedness, baseline and concomitant factors, comparisons, rare events and vulnerable groups to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap application; M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4, M03 §3.2.3; Chamgap application; M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4 design considerations; detailed confounding records are Chamgap's own design; M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap application; Chamgap interpretive boundaries draw on M19 principles, without executing an official causality tool

N21 · Do related tai ji quan and Otago assessments directly establish the serious-only effect?

Required materials and conditions: Other programs, populations and durations, assessment links and bibliography
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Other programs, populations and durations, assessment links and bibliography must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Other programs, populations and durations, assessment links and bibliography to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 distinction between studies and reports; cohort and outcome linkage is Chamgap's own application; M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application; M04 §4.5–4.6 principles for collecting and selecting materials; separation of access and reading and hyperlink rules are Chamgap's own design

N22 · How are the same people, event severities and related sheets shared?

Required materials and conditions: Ossébo report and registration, combined versus serious-only outcomes, repeated events and time
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Ossébo report and registration, combined versus serious-only outcomes, repeated events and time must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Ossébo report and registration, combined versus serious-only outcomes, repeated events and time to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: Study/report distinction in M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2; Cohort/outcome linkage is Chamgap application; M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 and M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application

N23 · Are findings extended to other populations, programs or durations?

Required materials and conditions: High-risk women aged 75–85, combined exposure, two years and direct extension evidence
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for High-risk women aged 75–85, combined exposure, two years and direct extension evidence must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates High-risk women aged 75–85, combined exposure, two years and direct extension evidence to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence and effect-modification details are Chamgap's own design; M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap extension boundaries

N24 · What history is retained in parent B76, languages, dates, empty values and corrections?

Required materials and conditions: Selected D, original axes with true, false and unrecorded values, Korean and English texts and historical cross-checks
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Selected D, original axes with true, false and unrecorded values, Korean and English texts and historical cross-checks must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Selected D, original axes with true, false and unrecorded values, Korean and English texts and historical cross-checks to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design; M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; status distinctions are our own design

N25 · What is the reading status of the summary, external paper, registration, plans and disclosures?

Required materials and conditions: One original evidence entry, one citation, BMJ link, acquisition and actual reading
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for One original evidence entry, one citation, BMJ link, acquisition and actual reading must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates One original evidence entry, one citation, BMJ link, acquisition and actual reading to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5–4.6 material collection/selection principles; acquisition/reading separation and hyperlink specifications are internally designed; M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; limits of this material conversion follow the review scope and internal design

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Preserved method HTML copies; no current method-content re-review or official tool execution

What the statuses mean

Met: Status for necessary evidence confirmed after existing content review. No completion is declared in the current presentation.
Partly verified: Some information in the stored summary is linked into the table. External comparison/content review is not complete.
Unverified: The article leaves this unverified, or required material is absent from the current stored summary. This is distinct from zero, absence or safety.
Review incomplete: Existing content review remains incomplete.
Not reported: Not reported within the stored material actually read; not extended to the entire primary paper.
Inaccessible: Means an actual access failure. Access not attempted here is not assigned this state.
Not applicable: Not used as a substitute for an evidence gap.
Conflicting data: Requires an observed disagreement under the same comparison criteria; not automatically judged in this production.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: Marks a gap in additional material required by the selected conditions; not a new efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-11 · Public page/material version 1.0

The public page and data were prepared from the existing 25 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (Not recorded) and original evidence cut-off (2026-08-26) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · What is the selected serious-injury-only question and original grade?

Current findings: The selected claim is reduced serious injurious falls, with subclaim grade D and a note that the HR.83 CI included 1. Combined-outcome B and parent B76 provide different context.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. The subclaim has no score, status or axis values; parent values do not fill them. The combined effect does not establish the serious-only effect. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: The subclaim has no score, status or axis values; parent values do not fill them. The combined effect does not establish the serious-only effect.
Required materials and conditions: Separate subclaim D and note, combined-outcome B and parent B76
Materials to obtain first: Correction records for the selected claim and parent assessment
Further research: Separate the question, assessment record and assessments of other endpoints. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Separate subclaim D and note, combined-outcome B and parent B76 must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Separate subclaim D and note, combined-outcome B and parent B76 to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.4 question-clarification principles; detailed separation rules are internally designed; M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; limits of this material conversion follow the review scope and internal design

Related sources S01

N02 · Who was studied for the serious-injury outcome and how were participants selected?

Current findings: The original Ossébo population was 706 community-dwelling women aged 75–85 with impaired balance or gait.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Impairment thresholds, baseline falls and illnesses, eligibility and exclusions, recruitment and the population observed for the serious-injury outcome are unverified. The finding is not extended to all older adults, men or institutional settings. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Impairment thresholds, baseline falls and illnesses, eligibility and exclusions, recruitment and the population observed for the serious-injury outcome are unverified. The finding is not extended to all older adults, men or institutional settings.
Required materials and conditions: Impaired balance or gait, community-dwelling women aged 75–85 and baseline risk
Materials to obtain first: Recruitment, baseline and endpoint-specific population materials
Further research: Retain differences between the selected population and other high-risk groups. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Impaired balance or gait, community-dwelling women aged 75–85 and baseline risk must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Impaired balance or gait, community-dwelling women aged 75–85 and baseline risk to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1; detailed population conditions are Chamgap's own design

Related sources S01

N03 · What was the historical two-year program and actual exposure?

Current findings: The original research program combined weekly supervised group balance training and home exercise over two years. This is not an exercise program, movement instruction or prescription.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Detailed components, home exposure and attendance, intensity, actual adherence and discontinuation, and separate component effects are unverified. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Detailed components, home exposure and attendance, intensity, actual adherence and discontinuation, and separate component effects are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Supervised group plus home exercise, weekly sessions, adherence and discontinuation
Materials to obtain first: Program, actual exposure, adherence and change records
Further research: Distinguish planned intervention from actual exposure. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Supervised group plus home exercise, weekly sessions, adherence and discontinuation must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Supervised group plus home exercise, weekly sessions, adherence and discontinuation to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; Reverse-direction labels and assessment adaptation are Chamgap design; M03 §3.2.3 and M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; Chamgap application

Related sources S01

N04 · What were the control, concomitant measures and changes?

Current findings: The original materials compare 352 exercise participants with 354 controls.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: The information currently needed is unverified in the stored summary. Control care, information and contact, group-specific concurrent exercise, treatment, environmental changes and amendments are unverified. No intervention or placebo is not filled in. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Control care, information and contact, group-specific concurrent exercise, treatment, environmental changes and amendments are unverified. No intervention or placebo is not filled in.
Required materials and conditions: Control care, shared or other exercise, medication, environment and rescue treatment
Materials to obtain first: Group-specific control, concomitant measures and change materials
Further research: Separate the program contribution from other exposures. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Control care, shared or other exercise, medication, environment and rescue treatment must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Control care, shared or other exercise, medication, environment and rescue treatment to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.2–3.2.3; Reverse-direction labels and assessment adaptation are Chamgap design; M03 §3.2.3 and M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; Chamgap application

Related sources S01

N05 · Are allocation and baseline balance in the 20-center RCT known?

Current findings: The original text describes a 20-center, two-year RCT with 706 participants allocated 352/354.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Allocation unit and operations, baseline balance and group correspondence within centers are unverified. Center count alone does not establish cluster randomization. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Allocation unit and operations, baseline balance and group correspondence within centers are unverified. Center count alone does not establish cluster randomization.
Required materials and conditions: Allocation unit, sequence and concealment, centers and individuals, baseline characteristics
Materials to obtain first: Methods, allocation, center and baseline tables
Further research: Separate centers, participants and the actual randomized design. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Allocation unit, sequence and concealment, centers and individuals, baseline characteristics must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Allocation unit, sequence and concealment, centers and individuals, baseline characteristics to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 §8.1–8.2.3; own application; M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptation is our own design

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N06 · Which criteria classified serious injury events?

Current findings: The original text says geriatricians unaware of allocation classified events using physical-harm and healthcare-use criteria. The selected question concerns serious injuries only.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Exact serious-injury thresholds and components, specific fracture or hospitalization rules, overlap and reclassification and adjudicator agreement are unverified. Moderate-plus-serious injuries are not treated as the same event category. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Exact serious-injury thresholds and components, specific fracture or hospitalization rules, overlap and reclassification and adjudicator agreement are unverified. Moderate-plus-serious injuries are not treated as the same event category.
Required materials and conditions: Serious-injury definition, physical harm and healthcare use, adjudication and reclassification
Materials to obtain first: Serious-injury classification, original adjudication, medical records and outcome materials
Further research: Separate definitions of serious-only injuries, combined injuries and all falls. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Serious-injury definition, physical harm and healthcare use, adjudication and reclassification must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Serious-injury definition, physical harm and healthcare use, adjudication and reclassification to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are our own design; M08 Table 8.2.a, M03 §3.2.4; our own application

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N07 · What is known about event collection, blinded adjudication, detection and omissions?

Current findings: The original record of adjudicators being blinded to allocation is preserved.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Participant, collector and analyst blinding, fall collection methods and frequency, detection and omissions and medical-record confirmation are unverified. The strength of adjudication is not treated as resolution of every measurement or missing-data issue. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Participant, collector and analyst blinding, fall collection methods and frequency, detection and omissions and medical-record confirmation are unverified. The strength of adjudication is not treated as resolution of every measurement or missing-data issue.
Required materials and conditions: Reporting and verification, blinding, collection frequency and omissions over time
Materials to obtain first: Fall collection, adjudication, blinding and omission materials
Further research: Separate event occurrence, reporting and adjudication stages. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Reporting and verification, blinding, collection frequency and omissions over time must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Reporting and verification, blinding, collection frequency and omissions over time to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap application; M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap's own design

Related sources S01

N08 · Are 68/87 events counts of unique people?

Current findings: The original serious injurious-fall counts were 68 versus 87 events, preserved as event counts for exercise and control respectively.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. People per event, first and repeated events, the serious-injury analysis population and observation time are unverified. Events are not converted to people or response rates, and no new total or difference is calculated. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: People per event, first and repeated events, the serious-injury analysis population and observation time are unverified. Events are not converted to people or response rates, and no new total or difference is calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Serious events, people, repetition, denominators and duration
Materials to obtain first: Serious-injury people, event and repeated-event tables and denominators
Further research: Distinguish repeated events in the same person from event counts. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Serious events, people, repetition, denominators and duration must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Serious events, people, repetition, denominators and duration to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap's own design; M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap's own design

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N09 · What result do the serious-only HR.83, interval and nonsignificance describe?

Current findings: The original serious-only HR.83, CI.60~1.16 and narrative and note that the result was not significant are preserved.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. The serious-only P value, interval construction, center and repeated-event handling, exact denominator and importance threshold are unverified. New P values, percentage reductions or CI are not calculated. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: The serious-only P value, interval construction, center and repeated-event handling, exact denominator and importance threshold are unverified. New P values, percentage reductions or CI are not calculated.
Required materials and conditions: Original estimate, CI, model, time and interpretation
Materials to obtain first: Serious-only model, SAP and outcome tables
Further research: Link the original interval to the analysis of its endpoint. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Original estimate, CI, model, time and interpretation must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Original estimate, CI, model, time and interpretation to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application; M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap application; M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3, M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; design-specific adaptations are Chamgap's own design

Related sources S01

N10 · Does a CI including 1 establish an exactly zero effect or equivalence?

Current findings: The original text records that the serious-only CI included benefit and no effect and the result was not statistically established. Subclaim D is the original grade.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Important-difference and equivalence margins, prior hypotheses and additional precision data are unverified. An exactly zero effect, exclusion of every important benefit or equivalence is not newly assessed. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Important-difference and equivalence margins, prior hypotheses and additional precision data are unverified. An exactly zero effect, exclusion of every important benefit or equivalence is not newly assessed.
Required materials and conditions: Original uncertainty, effects compatible with the interval, important differences and hypotheses
Materials to obtain first: Importance and hypothesis rationale and serious-injury analysis materials
Further research: Separate nonsignificance and uncertainty from a distinct equivalence question. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Original uncertainty, effects compatible with the interval, important differences and hypotheses must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Original uncertainty, effects compatible with the interval, important differences and hypotheses to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; Chamgap application; M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; separation of statuses is Chamgap's own design

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N11 · Can the positive combined-injury finding be applied to serious injuries only?

Current findings: Combined 305/397 events, original 0.45/0.56 events per woman-year, center-adjusted shared-frailty HR.81 (CI.67~.99) and P=.04 belong to another endpoint.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. The combined model, denominator, P=.04 and rates do not fill serious-only values. Moderate-only effects or events are not newly calculated by subtracting serious injuries from the combined result. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: The combined model, denominator, P=.04 and rates do not fill serious-only values. Moderate-only effects or events are not newly calculated by subtracting serious injuries from the combined result.
Required materials and conditions: Moderate-plus-serious injuries, event counts, rates and HR, distinct endpoints
Materials to obtain first: Severity-specific outcome, model and denominator tables
Further research: Preserve positive and nonsignificant results from the same trial together. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Moderate-plus-serious injuries, event counts, rates and HR, distinct endpoints must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Moderate-plus-serious injuries, event counts, rates and HR, distinct endpoints to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; separation of statuses is Chamgap's own design; M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap's own design; M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application

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N12 · What history do the original primary outcome and recruitment-stage amendment provide for the serious-injury hierarchy?

Current findings: The original text says that the target was reduced from 1,000 per arm about eight months after recruitment began and the outcome changed from Korean first serious fall or English serious falls to moderate-plus-serious injuries.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. The original first-event estimation definition, serious-injury hierarchy and testing after amendment, revised target and original plans are unverified. First-event or recurrent-event modeling or current serious-injury primary status is not arbitrarily established. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: The original first-event estimation definition, serious-injury hierarchy and testing after amendment, revised target and original plans are unverified. First-event or recurrent-event modeling or current serious-injury primary status is not arbitrarily established.
Required materials and conditions: Original and amended primary outcome, timing, sample target and reasons
Materials to obtain first: Original and amended protocols, SAP and primary or secondary outcome amendment materials
Further research: Distinguish the original hierarchy, amendment and current serious-injury result. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Original and amended primary outcome, timing, sample target and reasons must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Original and amended primary outcome, timing, sample target and reasons to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application; M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap's own design; M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; limits to this material conversion reflect the review scope and Chamgap's own design

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N13 · Were data-driven amendment, prespecification and multiplicity verified?

Current findings: The original text records that amendment was not reported as data-driven, while prespecification had limitations.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Decision timing, actual data access, serious-injury testing and multiplicity and original and amended plans have not been read. Neither confirmed data-driven amendment nor complete prespecified confirmation is newly certified. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Decision timing, actual data access, serious-injury testing and multiplicity and original and amended plans have not been read. Neither confirmed data-driven amendment nor complete prespecified confirmation is newly certified.
Required materials and conditions: Amendment decisions, data access, hypotheses, multiple comparisons and prior hierarchy
Materials to obtain first: Amendment decisions, access records, plans and original testing materials
Further research: Separate the original amendment narrative from actual verification. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Amendment decisions, data access, hypotheses, multiple comparisons and prior hierarchy must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Amendment decisions, data access, hypotheses, multiple comparisons and prior hierarchy to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application; M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; separation of statuses is Chamgap's own design

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N14 · What are the two-year follow-up, event times, censoring, missing data and denominators?

Current findings: Original allocation of 706 participants, 352/354, and two-year follow-up are preserved.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: The information currently needed is unverified in the stored summary. People completing follow-up or analyzed for serious injuries, actual time, attrition, deaths, censoring and missing-data handling are unverified. Combined woman-year rates or complete two-year follow-up for everyone do not fill serious-only denominators. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: People completing follow-up or analyzed for serious injuries, actual time, attrition, deaths, censoring and missing-data handling are unverified. Combined woman-year rates or complete two-year follow-up for everyone do not fill serious-only denominators.
Required materials and conditions: Allocation, observation and analysis, actual time, attrition and deaths
Materials to obtain first: Flow diagrams, endpoint-specific person-time and losses
Further research: Distinguish nominal duration from actual serious-injury observation and analysis. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Allocation, observation and analysis, actual time, attrition and deaths must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Allocation, observation and analysis, actual time, attrition and deaths to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M15 §15.3 and M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Design-specific adaptation is Chamgap design; M08 §8.2.2 and M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application

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N15 · What are the effect of interest, ITT, adherence and repeated-event handling for serious-injury analysis?

Current findings: The current summary provides the serious-only HR and interval but does not specify the detailed model.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: The information currently needed is unverified in the stored summary. The combined center-adjusted shared-frailty model is not automatically copied to serious injuries. Serious-only ITT/PP, adherence, first and repeated events, sensitivity analyses and subgroups are unverified. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: The combined center-adjusted shared-frailty model is not automatically copied to serious injuries. Serious-only ITT/PP, adherence, first and repeated events, sensitivity analyses and subgroups are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Assignment effect, ITT/PP, models, deviations and sensitivity analyses
Materials to obtain first: Serious-injury SAP, models, exposure and sensitivity materials
Further research: Separate endpoint-specific models, denominators and effect definitions. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Assignment effect, ITT/PP, models, deviations and sensitivity analyses must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Assignment effect, ITT/PP, models, deviations and sensitivity analyses to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 §8.2.2, M15 §15.3.1; our own application; M03 §3.2.3, M08 §8.2.2–8.2.3; our own application

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N16 · Do other fall or functional outcomes answer the serious-injury-only question?

Current findings: The original evidence concerns combined moderate-plus-serious and serious-only outcomes.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: The information currently needed is unverified in the stored summary. All falls, component-specific fractures, function, quality of life, death and other secondary values are unverified. Serious-injury counts and HR are not turned into other outcomes. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: All falls, component-specific fractures, function, quality of life, death and other secondary values are unverified. Serious-injury counts and HR are not turned into other outcomes.
Required materials and conditions: All falls, fractures and hospitalization, function, mortality and primary or secondary hierarchy
Materials to obtain first: Endpoint definitions, outcomes and prior hierarchy
Further research: Distinguish serious events from other clinical and functional questions. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for All falls, fractures and hospitalization, function, mortality and primary or secondary hierarchy must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates All falls, fractures and hospitalization, function, mortality and primary or secondary hierarchy to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.4, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; question-specific outcome adaptations are Chamgap's own design; M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap extension boundaries; M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application

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N17 · What is the actual access status of registration, plans and amendments?

Current findings: Original NCT00545350 and the serious-injury primary-outcome amendment narrative are linked.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. External registration, protocols, SAP and amendment history have not been read or accessed. Registration identifiers alone do not establish serious-injury prespecified hypotheses or completed plan comparison. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: External registration, protocols, SAP and amendment history have not been read or accessed. Registration identifiers alone do not establish serious-injury prespecified hypotheses or completed plan comparison.
Required materials and conditions: NCT00545350, original and amended protocols, SAP and history
Materials to obtain first: Registration history, original and amended plans and SAP
Further research: If materials are supplied, distinguish testing and hierarchy amendments from current results. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for NCT00545350, original and amended protocols, SAP and history must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates NCT00545350, original and amended protocols, SAP and history to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M08 Table 8.2.a, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application; M04 §4.5–4.6 principles for collecting and selecting materials; separation of access and reading and hyperlink rules are Chamgap's own design

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N18 · What is the scope of public support, non-involvement and detailed COI?

Current findings: The original public funders and accounts of no involvement in design, collection, analysis or publication decisions are preserved.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Contracts and amounts, actual roles, products and free equipment, employee authors and patents, COI and analysis, writing or publication support are unverified. Public funding or original I2 is not changed into independence certification. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Contracts and amounts, actual roles, products and free equipment, employee authors and patents, COI and analysis, writing or publication support are unverified. Public funding or original I2 is not changed into independence certification.
Required materials and conditions: AP-HP, Ministry of Health, ANR, INPES, Ile-de-France, roles and disclosures
Materials to obtain first: Original funding, product, author, COI and role disclosures
Further research: Separate declared support from the scope of actual relationship verification. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for AP-HP, Ministry of Health, ANR, INPES, Ile-de-France, roles and disclosures must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates AP-HP, Ministry of Health, ANR, INPES, Ile-de-France, roles and disclosures to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: Chamgap's own conditions for independence and attribution. The official methodological sections used in this example do not validate every detail of these items.

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N19 · Are the five exercise-related injurious falls the same as the serious-only outcome?

Current findings: The five exercise-related injurious falls are a separate original safety account.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Severity of the five events, overlap with selected serious-only 68/87 events, unique people, exposure, time and adjudication methods are unverified. The five events do not fill serious-injury denominators or causes and are not used to calculate new rates or differences. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Severity of the five events, overlap with selected serious-only 68/87 events, unique people, exposure, time and adjudication methods are unverified. The five events do not fill serious-injury denominators or causes and are not used to calculate new rates or differences.
Required materials and conditions: Harm events, severity and time, exposure, people and event counts
Materials to obtain first: Harm-event details and links to severity, denominators and exposure
Further research: Separate the prevention endpoint from program-related harm records. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Harm events, severity and time, exposure, people and event counts must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Harm events, severity and time, exposure, people and event counts to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Supplements gaps in safety materials for the selected subclaim. Fall-prevention effects, injury counts or the parent safety wording do not establish safety, and no new harm rate, exercise program, movement instruction or prescription is created.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap application; M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; detailed distinctions are Chamgap's own design; M19 §19.2 design-specific harm questions; timing details are Chamgap's own design; M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap application; M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4, M04 §4.6.3; Chamgap application

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N20 · Are harm relatedness, alternative explanations and long-term safety known?

Current findings: The original exercise-related label and parent's Caution safety label are preserved as history.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Relatedness adjudication, baseline illnesses, concomitant factors and environment, comparative harms, long-term or rare events and other populations are unverified. Nonsignificant serious-injury efficacy is not changed into safety or harm causality, and no new supervision or movement prescription is created. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Relatedness adjudication, baseline illnesses, concomitant factors and environment, comparative harms, long-term or rare events and other populations are unverified. Nonsignificant serious-injury efficacy is not changed into safety or harm causality, and no new supervision or movement prescription is created.
Required materials and conditions: Original relatedness, baseline and concomitant factors, comparisons, rare events and vulnerable groups
Materials to obtain first: Adjudication, alternative explanations, exposure and long-term harm materials
Further research: Separate efficacy-related serious events from overall safety gaps. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Original relatedness, baseline and concomitant factors, comparisons, rare events and vulnerable groups must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Original relatedness, baseline and concomitant factors, comparisons, rare events and vulnerable groups to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Supplements gaps in safety materials for the selected subclaim. Fall-prevention effects, injury counts or the parent safety wording do not establish safety, and no new harm rate, exercise program, movement instruction or prescription is created.
Referenced methods: M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap application; M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4, M03 §3.2.3; Chamgap application; M19 §19.2.2–19.2.4 design considerations; detailed confounding records are Chamgap's own design; M19 §19.1.2–19.2.4; Chamgap application; Chamgap interpretive boundaries draw on M19 principles, without executing an official causality tool

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N21 · Do related tai ji quan and Otago assessments directly establish the serious-only effect?

Current findings: The stored tai ji quan 1812 and Otago 1834 A86 links are historical comparisons. The current evidence and citation lists contain one Ossébo report.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Other assessments and trials, serious events, identity and independence were not looked up. Links are not combined as additional independent confirmation of the current serious-only outcome. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Other assessments and trials, serious events, identity and independence were not looked up. Links are not combined as additional independent confirmation of the current serious-only outcome.
Required materials and conditions: Other programs, populations and durations, assessment links and bibliography
Materials to obtain first: Other program, population and related-report materials
Further research: Separate other exercise assessments from the current selected outcome. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Other programs, populations and durations, assessment links and bibliography must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Other programs, populations and durations, assessment links and bibliography to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 distinction between studies and reports; cohort and outcome linkage is Chamgap's own application; M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2, M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application; M04 §4.5–4.6 principles for collecting and selecting materials; separation of access and reading and hyperlink rules are Chamgap's own design

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N22 · How are the same people, event severities and related sheets shared?

Current findings: The two selected sheets share the same Ossébo/NCT00545350 trial, 706 participants and one report. Serious injuries relate to the combined category and do not represent a separate independent trial or participants.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. External comparison of related or follow-up reports and event duplication was not performed. Event counts, people, woman-years and original R1 are not added into new replication totals; unique clinical totals remain unrecorded. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: External comparison of related or follow-up reports and event duplication was not performed. Event counts, people, woman-years and original R1 are not added into new replication totals; unique clinical totals remain unrecorded.
Required materials and conditions: Ossébo report and registration, combined versus serious-only outcomes, repeated events and time
Materials to obtain first: Related reports and registration, people, events and denominator links
Further research: Distinguish report slots from unique trials, participants and replication. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Ossébo report and registration, combined versus serious-only outcomes, repeated events and time must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Ossébo report and registration, combined versus serious-only outcomes, repeated events and time to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: Study/report distinction in M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2; Cohort/outcome linkage is Chamgap application; M04 §4.6.1–4.6.2 and M15 §15.3.1; Chamgap application

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N23 · Are findings extended to other populations, programs or durations?

Current findings: The original text limits the finding to the combined injury-rate reduction in this population and states that reduction of every serious fall was not established.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Serious-injury effects in other populations, exercises, isolated components, after cessation or beyond two years are unverified. No exercise program, movement instruction, prescription or treatment guidance is created. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Serious-injury effects in other populations, exercises, isolated components, after cessation or beyond two years are unverified. No exercise program, movement instruction, prescription or treatment guidance is created.
Required materials and conditions: High-risk women aged 75–85, combined exposure, two years and direct extension evidence
Materials to obtain first: Other populations and programs, long-term and post-cessation outcomes
Further research: Separate the scope of the selected serious-injury question from extension questions. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for High-risk women aged 75–85, combined exposure, two years and direct extension evidence must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates High-risk women aged 75–85, combined exposure, two years and direct extension evidence to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M03 §3.2.1–3.2.4; dose, persistence and effect-modification details are Chamgap's own design; M03 §3.2.4; Chamgap extension boundaries

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N24 · What history is retained in parent B76, languages, dates, empty values and corrections?

Current findings: Parent B76, Caution safety, unrecorded precision, a true large hard-outcome RCT flag, other false flags, empty override reasons, Korean and English texts, 2026-08-26, empty correction and deliberation records, historical cross-checks and selected D and its note are preserved in full.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. Subclaim scores, status and axes are not filled with parent values. This is not a new current search, language or original-text review, correction or retraction check or independence certification. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Subclaim scores, status and axes are not filled with parent values. This is not a new current search, language or original-text review, correction or retraction check or independence certification.
Required materials and conditions: Selected D, original axes with true, false and unrecorded values, Korean and English texts and historical cross-checks
Materials to obtain first: Corrections, user comments and supplied materials
Further research: Distinguish the original record from production and amendment events. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for Selected D, original axes with true, false and unrecorded values, Korean and English texts and historical cross-checks must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates Selected D, original axes with true, false and unrecorded values, Korean and English texts and historical cross-checks to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; current material-conversion limits reflect review scope and our own design; M04 §4.6.3, M15 §15.3.1–15.3.3; status distinctions are our own design

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N25 · What is the reading status of the summary, external paper, registration, plans and disclosures?

Current findings: The complete stored summary, one evidence entry and one citation were read for production and the original BMJ link was preserved. The summary is marked summary read; external materials are marked not read.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread
Why unverified: Only the relevant information from the stored summary is recorded. Detailed original materials have not been read, and the original content review remains incomplete. External abstract and full text, registration, protocols, SAP and disclosures have not been read or accessed. Original identifiers, bibliography or historical narratives do not establish new acquisition, full-text reading or review. The original content review remains incomplete.
Reason for missing information: External abstract and full text, registration, protocols, SAP and disclosures have not been read or accessed. Original identifiers, bibliography or historical narratives do not establish new acquisition, full-text reading or review.
Required materials and conditions: One original evidence entry, one citation, BMJ link, acquisition and actual reading
Materials to obtain first: Each original material and actual reading history
Further research: Distinguish material-specific existence, acquisition, reading level and access. This is a proposal; no new investigation, calculation or trial was performed.
Remaining uncertainty: This record links preserved-summary statements; it does not establish external-paper comparison, a new efficacy verdict or completed content review.
Conditions for verification: Original materials and analysis scope for One original evidence entry, one citation, BMJ link, acquisition and actual reading must be available so that unverified matters can be distinguished. This record links preserved wording; the original content review remains incomplete.
Why this condition is needed: This item separates One original evidence entry, one citation, BMJ link, acquisition and actual reading to link materials needed for the selected question with the materials currently available.
Application exceptions: Limited to the stored summary for the selected formulation, population, endpoint and period. It does not substitute for numbers from other formulations/trials/endpoints or unread external material.
Referenced methods: M04 §4.5–4.6 material collection/selection principles; acquisition/reading separation and hyperlink specifications are internally designed; M04 §4.5, §4.6.3; limits of this material conversion follow the review scope and internal design

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