500-mg dried ginger-powder capsules × Reduction of LDL cholesterol in adults

Required evidence, verification status and materials actually read
Item	AVerification status	BReading scope	CReview item	DCurrent findings	EWhy unverified	FRequired materials and conditions	GFurther research
1	Met	Full text not readStored summary read	N01 · Evidence conditionWhich type 2 diabetes population and 10-week endpoint comparison are being checked?Required	The original claim concerns LDL-C reduction in adults. The selected details connect LDL-C with dried ginger-powder 500 mg capsules, 2 g/day for 10 weeks, versus wheat-flour placebo plus usual care with inadequately controlled lipid medication in adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established. S01 S02	The question, population, intervention, comparator, timing and main boundary were identified within retained material. This is not a status of demonstrated efficacy.	Current LDL-C claim, Korean/English intervention/population details, oral powder 2 g/day, 10 weeks, comparator and independent boundary	Material needed: Current LDL-C claim, Korean/English intervention/population details, oral powder 2 g/day, 10 weeks, comparator and independent boundary. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
2	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N02 · Evidence conditionIs the same direct trial counted again in another endpoint table?Required	The direct report is The Effects of Ginger on Fasting Blood Sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes; PMID29344037, PMC5750786, DOI10.5812/ijem.57927, bibliographic NCT02666807. Table 3051 also uses this report and its 50 randomized/45 analyzed participants (23/22). LDL/HbA1c are different outcomes and are not added into 100/90. S01	The historical record describes full reading of both retained records and agreement of report identity/denominator literals; external trial/participant details were not compared.	Direct-trial PMID/PMC/DOI, bibliographic NCT, report title and LDL/HbA1c correspondence	Material needed: Direct-trial PMID/PMC/DOI, bibliographic NCT, report title and LDL/HbA1c correspondence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
3	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N03 · Evidence conditionHow are matching review identifiers, different titles and included trials linked?Required	The retained review title is Meta-analysis of the effects of ginger supplementation on glycemic control, blood pressure and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. Bibliographic PMID42337792, PMC13495174 and DOI10.1186/s13643-026-03251-5 match the other endpoint record, while the study title/bibliographic author display differ. The sample wording is 13 papers overall, with an LDL-contributing subset. S02	Matching retained identifiers and different titles were linked as recorded. Without an included-trial table, endpoint contribution and overlap with the direct trial could not be compared.	Review PMID/PMC/DOI, record-specific bibliographic/title literals, included-trial table and endpoint contribution/overlap	Material needed: Review PMID/PMC/DOI, record-specific bibliographic/title literals, included-trial table and endpoint contribution/overlap. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
4	Met	Full text not readStored summary read	N04 · Evidence conditionWhich retained summaries and external originals were actually read?Required	Actual reading in this work covers the complete retained original and its research/bibliographic summaries. External PubMed/abstracts, PMC/publisher full texts and registration for its reports were neither read nor accessed. Original links are not reading records. S01 S02	This condition concerns disclosure of reading level. Actual reading of the full retained summary and unattempted/unread linked external materials were separately disclosed by material, meeting that disclosure scope. External-original and clinical-content verification remain unverified.	Retained summaries, bibliography/abstracts, full texts, access attempts and acquisition/reading records by material type	Material needed: Retained summaries, bibliography/abstracts, full texts, access attempts and acquisition/reading records by material type. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
5	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N05 · Evidence conditionWere registration, protocol and SAP actually acquired and compared?Required	The direct-trial bibliography includes NCT02666807, while its original registration field says unverified. Protocol/SAP originals and registration version, time and page positions are not specified in the retained record and were not accessed in this work. S01	A bibliographic string alone cannot meet registration/planning-content comparison or actual-acquisition requirements.	Bibliographic NCT string, original registration field, registration version/time and protocol/SAP originals	Material needed: Bibliographic NCT string, original registration field, registration version/time and protocol/SAP originals. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
6	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N06 · Evidence conditionWho is the selected T2D population, including exclusions and baseline characteristics?Required	The population is adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established. That limitation is retained as written. Nonuse-of-insulin wording from the other HbA1c record is not inserted into this LDL population field. S01	The selected T2D/concomitant-treatment scope is retained, but original recruitment and arm-specific baseline characteristics are unavailable.	Age/diagnosis, insulin/lipid medication, baseline LDL-C, eligibility and arm-specific characteristics of adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established	Material needed: Age/diagnosis, insulin/lipid medication, baseline LDL-C, eligibility and arm-specific characteristics of adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
7	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N07 · Evidence conditionWhat are the dried powder's composition, capsules and actual administered amount?Required	The formulation is dried ginger-powder 500 mg capsules; gingerol/shogaol assay is unverified. Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome was taken orally at 1 g, 2 times daily, 2 g/day total. Nominal powder quantity remains distinct from gingerol/shogaol assay. S01	Nominal formulation/dose appear in the current record, but active constituents, manufacturing/quality and actual adherence are unverified.	Rhizome, 500 mg capsules, 2 g/day, dosing frequency, gingerol/shogaol assay and manufacturing/quality	Material needed: Rhizome, 500 mg capsules, 2 g/day, dosing frequency, gingerol/shogaol assay and manufacturing/quality. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
8	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N08 · Evidence conditionWhat actually differed between placebo and existing treatment in the arms?Required	The comparator is wheat-flour placebo plus usual care with inadequate lipid-medication control; the population is adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication, without an established statin add-on population. Inadequate lipid-medication control and the unverified statin add-on scope are retained separately. S01	Nominal shared treatment/wheat-flour placebo are present, but arm-specific medication types, changes and other-treatment differences are unavailable.	Wheat-flour placebo, continued oral glucose-lowering medication, lipid-medication control and arm-specific concomitant treatment/changes	Material needed: Wheat-flour placebo, continued oral glucose-lowering medication, lipid-medication control and arm-specific concomitant treatment/changes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
9	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N09 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about 10-week exposure, dosing schedule and post-treatment observation?Required	The exposure contract is 10-week treatment, 1 g at each of 2 daily doses, 2 g/day total; the selected endpoint is the between-group LDL-C difference at 10 weeks. Visit-specific intake/adherence and post-treatment follow-up cannot be established from this summary. S01	The nominal 10-week exposure/endpoint contract is linked, but actual exposure and the complete timeline are unverified.	10-week treatment, visits, exposure/adherence, post-treatment follow-up and time-specific results	Material needed: 10-week treatment, visits, exposure/adherence, post-treatment follow-up and time-specific results. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
10	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N10 · Evidence conditionAre the direct-trial LDL-C values final values, within-arm changes or between-arm differences?Required	The direct trial reports final LDL-C 100±42.1 versus 107±34.3 mg/dL, P=.57; the exact change-difference CI is unverified. Final arm values remain distinct from changes/adjusted between-arm effects, and 100−107 was not calculated into a new estimate. S01	The reported value format, units and timing are linked, but exact between-arm changes/adjusted estimates and CIs remain unverified.	LDL-C result units, arm values/changes, adjusted between-arm estimate, comparison time and direction	Material needed: LDL-C result units, arm values/changes, adjusted between-arm estimate, comparison time and direction. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
11	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N11 · Evidence conditionWhat does the review's pooled LDL-C estimate, CI and I² refer to?Required	The synthesis reports MD -5.36 mg/dL, 95% CI -12.37 to 1.65; I²=90.93%; 13 papers overall, with an LDL-contributing subset. Retain the LDL interval including 0 and high heterogeneity. S02	Endpoint-specific pooled values/reported intervals are retained, but details of contributing trials, formulation, medication and model directness remain unverified.	Endpoint-specific MD, units, CI, I², contributing trials/populations/formulations and analysis model	Material needed: Endpoint-specific MD, units, CI, I², contributing trials/populations/formulations and analysis model. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
12	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N12 · Evidence conditionIs the table's selected endpoint the same as the registered primary (1st)/secondary (2nd) hierarchy?Required	The selected page endpoint is the between-group LDL-C difference at 10 weeks. The direct report's hierarchy is registered LDL-C secondary (2nd); the original reader answer explicitly describes registered LDL secondary (2nd) status. S01	The selected endpoint and historical registration hierarchy were distinguished, but actual planning originals were not compared.	The selected-endpoint field's role, the direct trial's registered endpoints, NF-κB and article/plan comparison	Material needed: The selected-endpoint field's role, the direct trial's registered endpoints, NF-κB and article/plan comparison. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
13	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N13 · Evidence conditionWhat are the randomized, analyzed and completed denominators and the arm mapping of 23/22?Required	The direct-trial denominators are 50 randomized and 45 analyzed (23/22). Randomized 50/analyzed 45 remain distinct; the summary does not state ginger/placebo mapping of 23/22 or completion. Matching values in another endpoint table are not summed. S01	Randomized/analyzed literals are verified, but arm/endpoint denominator roles remain incomplete.	50 randomized, 45 analyzed, arm/endpoint denominators, arm mapping and completion/flow diagram	Material needed: 50 randomized, 45 analyzed, arm/endpoint denominators, arm mapping and completion/flow diagram. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
14	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N14 · Evidence conditionWere missingness, dropout reasons and ITT/PP handling verified?Required	The direct summary gives 50 randomized and 45 analyzed (23/22), without specific missingness/dropout reasons, analysis exclusion/imputation or ITT/PP. No new dropout/completion count was calculated by subtracting analyzed from randomized participants. S01	Denominator summaries cannot establish missing-data handling or the estimand, and external flow diagrams were not read.	Participant flow, arm-specific missingness/dropout, analysis exclusion and ITT/PP/imputation	Material needed: Participant flow, arm-specific missingness/dropout, analysis exclusion and ITT/PP/imputation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
15	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N15 · Evidence conditionAre the direct trial's SD, SE, CI and exact between-arm estimates distinguished?Required	The original LDL result's ±42.1/±34.3 notation is retained, while this summary does not fully specify its definition or the exact change-difference CI. No CI was calculated from P=.57. S01	Some original values exist, but the requested exact between-arm estimates and precision contract remain unverified.	LDL-C original tables, variance definitions, exact change differences/adjusted effects, CIs and arm denominators	Material needed: LDL-C original tables, variance definitions, exact change differences/adjusted effects, CIs and arm denominators. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
16	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N16 · Evidence conditionWere favorable, null and contrary endpoint results kept within their original questions?Required	Retain direct LDL P=.57 and the pooled LDL interval including 0. Also retain the original narrative of an approximately 5.14 mg/dL reduction across 26 trials in 2022, while its separate original tables remain unverified. Positive TG/total-cholesterol results are not transferred to LDL. S01 S02	Favorable/counterargument narratives and result formats are linked, but the full distribution of contrary/null trial results is unavailable.	Direct/pooled endpoint results, original counterarguments and other-endpoint scope	Material needed: Direct/pooled endpoint results, original counterarguments and other-endpoint scope. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
17	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N17 · Evidence conditionHow are nonsignificance, heterogeneity and decimal differences interpreted?Required	Retain LDL P=.57 and the MD -5.36 CI -12.37 to 1.65 with I²90.93% exactly. Nonsignificance is not established as effect 0/equivalence; positive results and condition differences in other reviews remain distinct. S01 S02	Statistical/rounding literals are retained, but original-material assessment of imprecision and between-study differences was not performed.	Reported P values, inclusion of 0, CIs, rounded I² and different analysis conditions	Material needed: Reported P values, inclusion of 0, CIs, rounded I² and different analysis conditions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
18	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N18 · Evidence conditionWhat are the limits of historical search/review narratives and currently acquired reports?Required	The record describes comparisons of 2018, 2022 and 2023 meta-analyses and an approximately 5.14 mg/dL reduction across 26 trials in 2022. The actual 2 research/bibliographic summaries concern the 2017 direct trial and 2026 review; exact bibliography, original tables and included-study details for the older reviews are absent here. S01 S02	Historical narratives were separated from current retained-material reading. Without original-material details, neither a current exhaustive search nor absence of articles can be certified.	Current research/bibliographic summaries 2, historical year/trial-count narratives, search sources/strategies, selection and included-study tables	Material needed: Current research/bibliographic summaries 2, historical year/trial-count narratives, search sources/strategies, selection and included-study tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
19	Met	Full text not readStored summary read	N19 · Evidence conditionHow are the original verdict date, correction date and actual current reading date distinguished?Required	The original verdict date is 2026-09-08; the correction is the English correction record of 2026-09-14. The current date concerns retained-summary conversion review, not external full-text verification or a new evidence cutoff. S01 S02	Historical record dates and the current work date were retained with separate roles, without converting dates into successful new clinical searches.	Original verification date, correction date, current conversion-review date, input hashes and revision links	Material needed: Original verification date, correction date, current conversion-review date, input hashes and revision links. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
20	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N20 · Evidence conditionWhat does university support and capsule purchasing establish about direct-trial independence?Supplementary; required for an independence claim	Direct-trial funding is reported as TUMS 28653 university support and capsule purchasing. These are retained; product provision, employee authors, patents, declared COI and unique-team independence were not compared against external originals. S01	Original funding is reported, but other components of independence remain unverified.	TUMS28653 support, product purchasing/provision, employee authors, patents, declared COI and institutions/teams	Material needed: TUMS28653 support, product purchasing/provision, employee authors, patents, declared COI and institutions/teams. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
21	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N21 · Evidence conditionHow do review funding and author COI differ from included-trial independence?Supplementary; required for an independence claim	Review funding is recorded as public/university support, with mixed funding among original trials. Review declarations/funding remain distinct from contributing trials' mixed funding, products and institutions. S02	Limited declarations in the review record are retained, but contributing-trial funding/independence were not compared.	Review funding/COI, funding of each included trial, research teams/products and overlap	Material needed: Review funding/COI, funding of each included trial, research teams/products and overlap. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
22	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N22 · Evidence conditionWere allocation, concealment and baseline balance verified beyond the randomized/double-blind label?Required	The direct-trial design label is a randomized double-blind placebo trial. This summary does not establish sequence generation, allocation concealment, baseline balance or detailed parallel/crossover/cluster structure. S01	Original RCT/blinding labels exist, but actual methodological information was not compared.	Parallel/crossover/cluster design, random sequence, concealment, baseline tables and blinding	Material needed: Parallel/crossover/cluster design, random sequence, concealment, baseline tables and blinding. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
23	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N23 · Evidence conditionCould concomitant medication, adherence, rescue care and arm-specific changes affect the estimate?Required	The comparison with maintained oral glucose-lowering medication concerns adults with type 2 diabetes on continued oral treatment, without an established statin add-on population, versus wheat-flour placebo plus usual care with inadequate lipid-medication control. Details of arm-specific medication changes, adherence, diet/activity, rescue care and analysis handling are not recorded. S01	The nominal shared-treatment scope exists, but actual changes/deviations/estimand comparison for E02 lacks material.	Glucose/lipid medication types, arm changes, diet/activity, adherence, rescue care and estimand	Material needed: Glucose/lipid medication types, arm changes, diet/activity, adherence, rescue care and estimand. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
24	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N24 · Evidence conditionHow, when and under what blinding was LDL-C measured?Required	The selected measure is the between-group LDL-C difference at 10 weeks; the reported values are final LDL-C arm values in mg/dL. Assay, sampling/visit times, baseline values and assessor-blinding details are absent from the current summary. S01	The endpoint name/nominal time exist, but the measurement method and arm-specific error procedures remain unverified.	LDL-C assay/units, sampling conditions, baseline/10-week visits, measurement error and assessor blinding	Material needed: LDL-C assay/units, sampling conditions, baseline/10-week visits, measurement error and assessor blinding. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
25	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N25 · Evidence conditionWhat is the direct trial's estimand and analysis model?Required	The selected contract is the between-group LDL difference at 10 weeks, but the current direct summary reports final arm values and P. Exact change differences/adjusted CIs remain unverified, and analysis populations/models or ITT/PP are not newly assigned. S01	Knowing the result format does not complete the effect definition without comparison of the estimand and original model.	Assignment/adherence effects, covariates, ITT/PP, within/between-arm analysis, change/final values and model	Material needed: Assignment/adherence effects, covariates, ITT/PP, within/between-arm analysis, change/final values and model. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
26	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N26 · Evidence conditionCan the CI be interpreted alongside a justified important difference?Required	The synthesis provides an interval: MD -5.36 mg/dL, 95% CI -12.37 to 1.65; I²=90.93%, but the direct trial's exact CI is unverified. The record supplies no justified important-difference threshold for the selected population/endpoint. S01 S02	The scope of reported intervals was read, but direct precision and clinical-importance comparison remain unverified.	Direct/pooled CIs, endpoint-specific variance, justified clinically important difference and interpretation contract	Material needed: Direct/pooled CIs, endpoint-specific variance, justified clinically important difference and interpretation contract. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
27	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N27 · Evidence conditionWas the prespecified endpoint, timing and analysis compared with actual reporting?Required	The original record describes registered LDL-C secondary (2nd) status in the direct trial; external registration/SAP/protocol were not compared with actual endpoint, timing or analysis changes in this work. S01	Historical registration hierarchy alone cannot certify agreement between prespecified plans and reporting.	Original registration versions, protocol, SAP, article tables/change reasons and endpoint-specific plans	Material needed: Original registration versions, protocol, SAP, article tables/change reasons and endpoint-specific plans. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
28	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N28 · Evidence conditionWas the result replicated in independent families with the same formulation, dose and population?Required	The original record notes formulation/dose/existing-medication differences, high heterogeneity and limited same-formulation replication. Included-trial/family-specific conditions and results for the representative 500 mg powder, 2 g/day, 10-week direct trial and mixed review were not acquired. S01 S02	A review count does not establish unique independent same-formulation replication for the selected contract.	Trial/family-specific formulation, dose, duration, population, concomitant medication, result distributions and overlap	Material needed: Trial/family-specific formulation, dose, duration, population, concomitant medication, result distributions and overlap. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
29	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N29 · Evidence conditionCan direct comparisons of doses/products identify an optimal amount?Supplementary; required for a dose/product extension	The selected trial's nominal powder amount is 2 g/day; the retained summary has no direct superiority/optimal-dose comparison with other doses/products. Gingerol/shogaol assay is also unverified. S01	A placebo comparison at a single dose and a mixed review do not answer direct dose/product comparisons.	Direct dose/product comparison, active-constituent assay, dose response/interactions and independent estimates	Material needed: Direct dose/product comparison, active-constituent assay, dose response/interactions and independent estimates. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
30	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N30 · Evidence conditionWere persistence after withdrawal and results beyond 10 weeks verified?Supplementary; required for a long-term extension	The selected duration is 10 weeks of treatment. Separate reports and denominators for post-treatment persistence or long-term results beyond 10 weeks are unverified in the retained summary. S01 S02	10-week material alone does not answer post-treatment or long-term-follow-up questions.	Follow-up beyond 10 weeks/after withdrawal, repeated measurements, time-specific results and separate comparisons	Material needed: Follow-up beyond 10 weeks/after withdrawal, repeated measurements, time-specific results and separate comparisons. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
31	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N31 · Evidence conditionWere baseline, medication and special-population subgroup effects separately verified?Supplementary; required for a subgroup extension	The selected population is adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication, without an established statin add-on population. Prespecified baseline/medication subgroups, interactions and separate denominators/estimates for insulin, older adults, kidney disease or complex concomitant treatment are absent from the retained summary. S01 S02	A population name alone cannot establish special-population or individual differences in response.	Prespecified subgroups, interactions, baseline measures/medication/insulin, and separate denominators/estimates in older adults or kidney disease	Material needed: Prespecified subgroups, interactions, baseline measures/medication/insulin, and separate denominators/estimates in older adults or kidney disease. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
32	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N32 · Evidence conditionDoes LDL-C change answer clinical-event or medication-replacement questions?Supplementary; required for a clinical-event extension	The original advertising boundary does not support statin replacement, cardiovascular prevention or marketing TG improvement as an LDL effect. Retain the scope of LDL-C alone, with TG, HDL and total cholesterol separate. Direct event/complication, remission, quality-of-life and medication-reduction material was not verified in this summary. S01 S02	The boundary between the selected endpoint and clinical/medication questions is stated, but separate direct clinical outcomes remain unverified.	Distinguish endpoint changes from cardiovascular events, diabetes complications/remission, quality of life and medication reduction	Material needed: Distinguish endpoint changes from cardiovascular events, diabetes complications/remission, quality of life and medication reduction. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
33	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N33 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about actual adverse events, withdrawal and denominators for the same exposure?Supplementary; required for a safety claim	The original safety label is Caution. Its detailed guidance says not to arbitrarily stop lipid-lowering medication and to consider gastrointestinal discomfort and possible drug interactions, including anticoagulants and antiplatelets. Actual arm-specific harm counts/denominators, collection methods/duration and withdrawals in both reports remain unverified in the summary. S01 S02	General caution wording exists, but actual adverse-event collection for the selected exposure is not established.	Arm-specific harms, definitions/collection, denominators/duration, withdrawal and separation from efficacy denominators	Material needed: Arm-specific harms, definitions/collection, denominators/duration, withdrawal and separation from efficacy denominators. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
34	Unverified	Full text not readStored summary read	N34 · Evidence conditionWhat is known about medication interactions, rare/long-term harms and special populations?Supplementary; required for a harm extension	Retain the existing guidance against stopping lipid-lowering medication, and about gastrointestinal discomfort and possible anticoagulant/antiplatelet interactions. Causality and frequency of actually observed interactions, and long-term/vulnerable-population harms, remain separately unverified. S01 S02	Possibility-based guidance differs from established arm-specific events or interaction risks.	Original hypoglycemia/gastrointestinal, anticoagulant/antiplatelet, concomitant-treatment, long-term/vulnerable-population harm material	Material needed: Original hypoglycemia/gastrointestinal, anticoagulant/antiplatelet, concomitant-treatment, long-term/vulnerable-population harm material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
35	Met	Full text not readStored summary read	N35 · Evidence conditionHow are actual generic English wording and historical English corrections preserved?Required	The 2026-09-14 correction says that 2 generic English evidence-table fields were replaced with specific English. However, both reports' English sample, funding, endpoint, result and weighting fields still contain generic sentences in the current original. Both originals were preserved. S01 S02	This condition concerns preservation of current English literals and historical correction reports. Residual generic English and the full 2026-09-14 correction are preserved without inferring specific English or a new translation, meeting that preservation scope. Historical corrected versions, field correspondence and omission details remain unverified.	Specific Korean results, generic English fields, full correction originals, currently selected original and authority for translation changes	Material needed: Specific Korean results, generic English fields, full correction originals, currently selected original and authority for translation changes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
36	Partly verified	Full text not readStored summary read	N36 · Evidence conditionHow is the bibliographic NCT string distinguished from the unverified original registration field?Required	Direct bibliographic NCT02666807, unverified direct-trial registration and unverified review registration are each retained. A registration entrance built from a bibliographic string is not a link whose current response/original identity was verified. S01 S02	Different verification levels of original fields are retained, but registration-content comparison/field correction was not performed.	Direct bibliographic NCT, original registration value, external registration identity/version and comparison history	Material needed: Direct bibliographic NCT, original registration value, external registration identity/version and comparison history. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
37	Met	Full text not readStored summary read	N37 · Evidence conditionWere the existing C50, all axes, original dates/URLs and historical review labels retained?Required	The current original C50, Caution, all axes, final Korean/English values, dates/corrections, URLs, empty subclaims and blank deliberation were retained exactly in the preserved original. Its Codex independent-cross-check wording is a historical label, not current clinical validation. S01 S02	Original-byte preservation and the distinction between historical values and current condition status were directly checked. C50 did not automatically upgrade condition statuses.	Grade/score/safety, boolean/empty axis values, Korean/English historical values, corrections, URL and original verification date	Material needed: Grade/score/safety, boolean/empty axis values, Korean/English historical values, corrections, URL and original verification date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.

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37 itemsWhat the statuses mean

Assessment scope

Stored-material review date: 2026-10-06
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-08
Scope actually checked: Retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records. Full papers, supplements, registrations, plans and original data were not read.
What the dates mean: The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining existing oral glucose-lowering medication. A statin add-on population cannot be established; detailed eligibility and baseline characteristics are also unverified.
Ingredient, formulation and route: Oral 500 mg capsules of dried ginger rhizome powder. Gingerol/shogaol assay, manufacturing and quality are unverified.
Dose: 1 g per dose, 2 times daily, 2 g/day total. Nominal powder quantity remains distinct from active-constituent assay or equivalent amounts for other products.
Comparator: Wheat-flour placebo plus usual care. Lipid-medication control is recorded as inadequate; details of arm-specific medication, changes, diet, activity and rescue care remain unverified.
Measured outcome: The selected question is the between-group LDL-C difference at 10 weeks. The retained report gives final arm values and describes a registered secondary (2nd) endpoint. Exact change differences, adjusted CIs and comparison of actual registration/planning originals remain unverified.
Duration: 10 weeks of treatment. Actual adherence, post-treatment follow-up, long-term results and extension to special populations remain separately unverified.
Questions outside this scope: This addresses LDL-C alone; TG, HDL, total cholesterol and HbA1c are separate questions.; Final LDL-C 100±42.1 versus 107±34.3 mg/dL, P=.57, is not calculated into a change difference or new confidence interval. Whether ± denotes SD or SE remains unverified.; Retain pooled MD -5.36 mg/dL, 95% CI -12.37 to 1.65, I²=90.93%. An interval including 0 does not prove effect 0 or equivalence.; The approximately 5.14 mg/dL reduction across 26 trials in 2022 is a historical narrative in the original record. Separate exact bibliography/original tables were not acquired and no new report was added in this work.; Statin replacement, cardiovascular-event prevention, other doses, products, populations, long-term persistence and rare harms require separate direct material.

Evidence and sources

The links below lead to the sources. A link alone does not mean the original source was read or its latest publication status verified.

S01 · The Effects of Ginger on Fasting Blood Sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

PubMed

Material type: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Findings recorded in the stored summary: Final LDL-C 100±42.1 versus 107±34.3 mg/dL, P=.57; exact change-difference CI unverified
Record level: The original record describes LDL-C as a registered secondary (2nd) endpoint. Final arm values are not converted into between-group change differences or adjusted estimates; actual registration/planning originals remain unread.
Study overlap and independent replication: The direct report's 50 randomized and 45 analyzed participants (23/22) are shared with the HbA1c endpoint in record 3051 and are not added together. The 13 papers remain distinct from the LDL-contributing subset; included trials, overlap and unique participant counts are unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Retained research/bibliographic summary	Existence verified in retained input	Local input read	Retained existing review summary read	The retained research/bibliographic summary was actually read; this is not full-text reading. Bibliographic NCT02666807 and the original unverified-registration field are each preserved. Exact change differences/CIs, SD/SE meaning of ±, arm mapping of 23/22 and harm counts remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Bibliography/abstract	Bibliographic identifier/entrance retained; actual availability/response unverified	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	Only URLs/identifiers were retained. Current external responses, files, identity and contents are unverified. Bibliographic NCT02666807 and the original unverified-registration field are each preserved. Exact change differences/CIs, SD/SE meaning of ±, arm mapping of 23/22 and harm counts remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Article full text	Bibliographic identifier/entrance retained; actual availability/response unverified	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	Only URLs/identifiers were retained. Current external responses, files, identity and contents are unverified. Bibliographic NCT02666807 and the original unverified-registration field are each preserved. Exact change differences/CIs, SD/SE meaning of ±, arm mapping of 23/22 and harm counts remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Publisher-original entrance	Bibliographic identifier/entrance retained; actual availability/response unverified	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	Only URLs/identifiers were retained. Current external responses, files, identity and contents are unverified. Bibliographic NCT02666807 and the original unverified-registration field are each preserved. Exact change differences/CIs, SD/SE meaning of ±, arm mapping of 23/22 and harm counts remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Trial registration	Bibliographic identifier/entrance retained; actual availability/response unverified	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	Only URLs/identifiers were retained. Current external responses, files, identity and contents are unverified. Bibliographic NCT02666807 and the original unverified-registration field are each preserved. Exact change differences/CIs, SD/SE meaning of ±, arm mapping of 23/22 and harm counts remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Protocol	Actual existence/availability unverified; required original-material type	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	This is a required material type. Existence, URL and public availability were not verified; the material read is the retained summary. Bibliographic NCT02666807 and the original unverified-registration field are each preserved. Exact change differences/CIs, SD/SE meaning of ±, arm mapping of 23/22 and harm counts remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Statistical analysis plan	Actual existence/availability unverified; required original-material type	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	This is a required material type. Existence, URL and public availability were not verified; the material read is the retained summary. Bibliographic NCT02666807 and the original unverified-registration field are each preserved. Exact change differences/CIs, SD/SE meaning of ±, arm mapping of 23/22 and harm counts remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Original result tables/participant flow	Actual existence/availability unverified; required original-material type	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	This is a required material type. Existence, URL and public availability were not verified; the material read is the retained summary. Bibliographic NCT02666807 and the original unverified-registration field are each preserved. Exact change differences/CIs, SD/SE meaning of ±, arm mapping of 23/22 and harm counts remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.

S02 · Meta-analysis of the effects of ginger supplementation on glycemic control, blood pressure and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes

PubMed

Material type: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Findings recorded in the stored summary: MD −5.36 mg/dL, 95% CI −12.37~1.65; I²=90.93%
Record level: These are retained pooled LDL-C estimates; the contributing subset, variance, denominators, models and application to the direct product remain unverified.
Study overlap and independent replication: The direct report's 50 randomized and 45 analyzed participants (23/22) are shared with the HbA1c endpoint in record 3051 and are not added together. The 13 papers remain distinct from the LDL-contributing subset; included trials, overlap and unique participant counts are unverified.

Public availability, access and reading status by material
Material	Public availability	Access status	Actually read	Notes
Retained research/bibliographic summary	Existence verified in retained input	Local input read	Retained existing review summary read	The retained research/bibliographic summary was actually read; this is not full-text reading. Different titles/author displays under the same bibliographic identifiers were preserved. Included trials, contributing subsets, variance, denominators and models remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Bibliography/abstract	Bibliographic identifier/entrance retained; actual availability/response unverified	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	Only URLs/identifiers were retained. Current external responses, files, identity and contents are unverified. Different titles/author displays under the same bibliographic identifiers were preserved. Included trials, contributing subsets, variance, denominators and models remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Article full text	Bibliographic identifier/entrance retained; actual availability/response unverified	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	Only URLs/identifiers were retained. Current external responses, files, identity and contents are unverified. Different titles/author displays under the same bibliographic identifiers were preserved. Included trials, contributing subsets, variance, denominators and models remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Publisher-original entrance	Bibliographic identifier/entrance retained; actual availability/response unverified	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	Only URLs/identifiers were retained. Current external responses, files, identity and contents are unverified. Different titles/author displays under the same bibliographic identifiers were preserved. Included trials, contributing subsets, variance, denominators and models remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Included-trial table	Actual existence/availability unverified; required original-material type	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	This is a required material type. Existence, URL and public availability were not verified; the material read is the retained summary. Different titles/author displays under the same bibliographic identifiers were preserved. Included trials, contributing subsets, variance, denominators and models remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.
Synthesis appendix	Actual existence/availability unverified; required original-material type	External access not attempted; not acquired	False	This is a required material type. Existence, URL and public availability were not verified; the material read is the retained summary. Different titles/author displays under the same bibliographic identifiers were preserved. Included trials, contributing subsets, variance, denominators and models remain unverified. The material record dated 2026-10-06 concerns retained-summary review. Condition 1.1 refinement before observation application and later preservation/reading-disclosure status changes were separately retained. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and correction date 2026-09-14 are not new-search or full-text-reading dates.

Report counts versus independent study counts

The direct report's 50 randomized and 45 analyzed participants (23/22) are shared with the HbA1c endpoint in record 3051 and are not added together. The 13 papers remain distinct from the LDL-contributing subset; included trials, overlap and unique participant counts are unverified.

Review criteria

Version 1.1 · Criteria record date 2026-10-06. These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the referenced methods. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

N01 · Which type 2 diabetes population and 10-week endpoint comparison are being checked?

Required materials and conditions: Current LDL-C claim, Korean/English intervention/population details, oral powder 2 g/day, 10 weeks, comparator and independent boundary
Conditions for verification: Keep the LDL-C question distinct from other endpoints, formulations and populations and link it to the original location.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Read the broad adult wording of the Korean claim alongside the T2D/concomitant-treatment scope. Retain only the main question without automatically generating independent claims for other endpoints or formulations.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to read the original claim with the actual T2D and concomitant-medication contract
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N02 · Is the same direct trial counted again in another endpoint table?

Required materials and conditions: Direct-trial PMID/PMC/DOI, bibliographic NCT, report title and LDL/HbA1c correspondence
Conditions for verification: Link matching report identifiers across the endpoints while retaining endpoint-specific estimates and avoiding certification of unique trials or participants.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain endpoint-specific results even when the endpoints use the same trial report. Table/report counts are not unique-trial counts.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid adding the same sample as a new independent trial in different endpoint tables
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N03 · How are matching review identifiers, different titles and included trials linked?

Required materials and conditions: Review PMID/PMC/DOI, record-specific bibliographic/title literals, included-trial table and endpoint contribution/overlap
Conditions for verification: Retain the verification level for matching identifiers and different titles, distinguishing paper counts from unique-trial counts.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not harmonize record-specific study-title literals merely because bibliographic identifiers match. A missing included-trial table does not establish no overlap.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid converting the same review into independent replication or exact bibliographic certification
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N04 · Which retained summaries and external originals were actually read?

Required materials and conditions: Retained summaries, bibliography/abstracts, full texts, access attempts and acquisition/reading records by material type
Conditions for verification: Display actual reading of retained local summaries separately from unread external full texts/abstracts/registration and unattempted access.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Acknowledge reading of retained summaries without labeling it full-text or registration reading. Unattempted external access is not inaccessibility.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid upgrading original links into full-text reading records
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N05 · Were registration, protocol and SAP actually acquired and compared?

Required materials and conditions: Bibliographic NCT string, original registration field, registration version/time and protocol/SAP originals
Conditions for verification: Distinguish historical registration narratives from the current level of retained bibliographic strings, leaving external comparison unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: An NCT string does not establish completed acquisition/comparison of registration, protocol or SAP. Unacquired material is not described as nonregistration.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid treating a registration identifier as verification of a prespecified plan
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N06 · Who is the selected T2D population, including exclusions and baseline characteristics?

Required materials and conditions: Age/diagnosis, insulin/lipid medication, baseline LDL-C, eligibility and arm-specific characteristics of adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established
Conditions for verification: Link only the stated population, preserving record-specific nonuse-of-insulin/statin limitations.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain record-specific insulin/statin wording differences. Matching T2D labels do not authorize importing baseline/exclusion criteria from another record.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extrapolating differences in study populations into efficacy for all adults
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N07 · What are the dried powder's composition, capsules and actual administered amount?

Required materials and conditions: Rhizome, 500 mg capsules, 2 g/day, dosing frequency, gingerol/shogaol assay and manufacturing/quality
Conditions for verification: Distinguish nominal powder amount from active-constituent assay/actual adherence without treating foods or extracts as automatically equivalent.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Nominal capsule powder quantity differs from gingerol/shogaol active-constituent assay. Unverified assay does not establish 0 active constituent or a defective product.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid applying a formulation or dose directly to other products
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N08 · What actually differed between placebo and existing treatment in the arms?

Required materials and conditions: Wheat-flour placebo, continued oral glucose-lowering medication, lipid-medication control and arm-specific concomitant treatment/changes
Conditions for verification: Separate shared existing care from added ginger and do not convert the comparison into statin-add-on or medication-replacement efficacy.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Shared continuation of existing medication differs from control of arm-specific changes. Inadequate lipid-medication control does not determine success/failure of statin add-on or statin replacement.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid attributing concomitant-treatment differences to powder alone
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N09 · What is known about 10-week exposure, dosing schedule and post-treatment observation?

Required materials and conditions: 10-week treatment, visits, exposure/adherence, post-treatment follow-up and time-specific results
Conditions for verification: Record the selected 10-week result separately from existence or uncertainty of withdrawal/long-term follow-up.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: A 10-week treatment statement does not establish complete visits, actual adherence or post-treatment follow-up. Unverified long-term results do not erase the 10-week endpoint value.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending short treatment data into sustained long-term effects
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N10 · Are the direct-trial LDL-C values final values, within-arm changes or between-arm differences?

Required materials and conditions: LDL-C result units, arm values/changes, adjusted between-arm estimate, comparison time and direction
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original LDL-C result format without newly calculating unreported differences or adjusted effects.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Arm-specific final values or changes differ from adjusted between-arm effects. Do not subtract the values or derive exact change differences/CIs from the P value.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid transferring numerically different analysis formats as the same effect
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N11 · What does the review's pooled LDL-C estimate, CI and I² refer to?

Required materials and conditions: Endpoint-specific MD, units, CI, I², contributing trials/populations/formulations and analysis model
Conditions for verification: Attribute pooled values to their endpoint/question without using them as expected effects for a particular product or person.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The review's overall paper count is not its endpoint-specific contributing-trial count or same-product trial count. Do not turn a pooled estimate into direct-trial arm values or guaranteed personal effects.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending a review average into guaranteed effects for an identical product
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N12 · Is the table's selected endpoint the same as the registered primary (1st)/secondary (2nd) hierarchy?

Required materials and conditions: The selected-endpoint field's role, the direct trial's registered endpoints, NF-κB and article/plan comparison
Conditions for verification: Do not promote the selected measure into the registered primary (1st) endpoint; retain the reported secondary (2nd) status and unperformed comparison.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The selected-endpoint field is the table's selection key. Do not relabel registered secondary (2nd) status as co-primary (1st) or as an invalid primary (1st) trial.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid deriving original-trial primary (1st) success/failure from a field name alone
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N13 · What are the randomized, analyzed and completed denominators and the arm mapping of 23/22?

Required materials and conditions: 50 randomized, 45 analyzed, arm/endpoint denominators, arm mapping and completion/flow diagram
Conditions for verification: Distinguish each reported denominator without inferring ginger/placebo mapping or completion from 23/22.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Distinguish 50 randomized from 45 analyzed. Do not infer the ginger/placebo order of 23/22 or the completion denominator when unstated.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid duplication or misattribution of denominator roles and shared participants
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N14 · Were missingness, dropout reasons and ITT/PP handling verified?

Required materials and conditions: Participant flow, arm-specific missingness/dropout, analysis exclusion and ITT/PP/imputation
Conditions for verification: Report the distinction between randomized and analyzed participants without calculating dropout/completion or naming the analysis method.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not calculate the randomized/analyzed difference as a dropout/discontinuation count. Missing handling information does not establish ITT, PP or no missingness.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid treating analyzed participant counts as proof of no missingness
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N15 · Are the direct trial's SD, SE, CI and exact between-arm estimates distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: LDL-C original tables, variance definitions, exact change differences/adjusted effects, CIs and arm denominators
Conditions for verification: Separate reported values from unverified precision without calculating missing CIs or variance definitions.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain the original ± notation if SD/SE definitions are unavailable. Missing CIs do not justify an arbitrary precision score or effect 0.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid establishing effect precision from P values or sample sizes alone
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N16 · Were favorable, null and contrary endpoint results kept within their original questions?

Required materials and conditions: Direct/pooled endpoint results, original counterarguments and other-endpoint scope
Conditions for verification: Retain related positive, nonsignificant and differing results without substituting other endpoints for the selected endpoint's efficacy.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Preserve counterarguments from other endpoints/analyses as relevant context. Their values do not erase uncertainty in the selected endpoint.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid erasing material gaps by selecting favorable results
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N17 · How are nonsignificance, heterogeneity and decimal differences interpreted?

Required materials and conditions: Reported P values, inclusion of 0, CIs, rounded I² and different analysis conditions
Conditions for verification: Do not convert nonsignificance into effect 0/equivalence or automatically label rounding/different-analysis values as data conflicts.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Nonsignificance does not prove equivalence/effect 0. Rounded I² and different review estimates require comparison of endpoint/analysis contracts before judging conflict.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid conflating different limitations with the same failure or conflict
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N18 · What are the limits of historical search/review narratives and currently acquired reports?

Required materials and conditions: Current research/bibliographic summaries 2, historical year/trial-count narratives, search sources/strategies, selection and included-study tables
Conditions for verification: Retain historical search/review narratives while separating missing current source locations from the absence of a new search.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Historical claims of reviewing studies do not record new original acquisition beyond the current 2 reports. An unperformed search does not mean 0 human studies.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid conflating absence of literature with work not performed
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N19 · How are the original verdict date, correction date and actual current reading date distinguished?

Required materials and conditions: Original verification date, correction date, current conversion-review date, input hashes and revision links
Conditions for verification: Do not reuse historical dates as current external full-text reading dates; state the scope of retained-material review.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Original verification/correction dates are historical values. The current date is retained-material conversion review, without issuing a new evidence cutoff/external-reading date.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid presenting historical verification as a new current-literature review
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N20 · What does university support and capsule purchasing establish about direct-trial independence?

Required materials and conditions: TUMS28653 support, product purchasing/provision, employee authors, patents, declared COI and institutions/teams
Conditions for verification: Retain reported funding without using unverified product/authorship/conflict details as proof of independent replication or no bias.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary; required for an independence claim
Application exceptions: University funding and capsule purchasing differ from product provision, employment, patents and COI. Do not inherit the historical independence axis as certification of independent replication.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid establishing overall independence from a single funding item
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N21 · How do review funding and author COI differ from included-trial independence?

Required materials and conditions: Review funding/COI, funding of each included trial, research teams/products and overlap
Conditions for verification: Separate review declarations from mixed original-trial funding without certifying papers as unique independent teams.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary; required for an independence claim
Application exceptions: Review COI/funding and included-trial funding are considered separately. A no-conflict declaration alone does not establish absence of product/included-trial bias.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid transferring review support into independence of all contributing trials
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N22 · Were allocation, concealment and baseline balance verified beyond the randomized/double-blind label?

Required materials and conditions: Parallel/crossover/cluster design, random sequence, concealment, baseline tables and blinding
Conditions for verification: Separate the RCT label from unverified details; do not arbitrarily mark crossover/cluster considerations not applicable when the design is unverified.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: The randomized/double-blind label does not verify sequence, concealment or baseline balance. Unverified design does not automatically make crossover/cluster considerations not applicable.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid treating a design label as resolution of allocation and confounding problems
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N23 · Could concomitant medication, adherence, rescue care and arm-specific changes affect the estimate?

Required materials and conditions: Glucose/lipid medication types, arm changes, diet/activity, adherence, rescue care and estimand
Conditions for verification: Distinguish a continuation-of-medication statement from unverified arm-specific changes and adherence.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Continuation of existing oral medication does not establish identical arm changes, adherence, diet or rescue care. Do not require that all changes must be identical.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid attributing changes in other treatments to added ginger
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N24 · How, when and under what blinding was LDL-C measured?

Required materials and conditions: LDL-C assay/units, sampling conditions, baseline/10-week visits, measurement error and assessor blinding
Conditions for verification: Separate the nominal endpoint/units from unverified assay details.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: An endpoint name and units do not verify the assay, sampling/visit times or assessor blinding. Even an objective assay requires separate assessment of measurement limitations.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid conflating measurement differences with actual outcome differences
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N25 · What is the direct trial's estimand and analysis model?

Required materials and conditions: Assignment/adherence effects, covariates, ITT/PP, within/between-arm analysis, change/final values and model
Conditions for verification: Explain only the reported result format; absent analysis methods are not filled with adjusted estimates or ITT.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Classify only the reported final/change format. If the estimand is unverified, do not assign assignment/adherence effects or ITT/PP.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to distinguish arm-specific values from the actual analysis estimand
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N26 · Can the CI be interpreted alongside a justified important difference?

Required materials and conditions: Direct/pooled CIs, endpoint-specific variance, justified clinically important difference and interpretation contract
Conditions for verification: Retain the scope of reported intervals and unverified importance criteria; do not judge sufficiency using arbitrary minimum samples, duration or differences.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: P values, sample sizes or review paper counts alone do not establish sufficient precision or clinical importance. Do not adopt arbitrary minimum participant, duration or difference thresholds.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid upgrading statistical signals into clinical importance or a new grade
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N27 · Was the prespecified endpoint, timing and analysis compared with actual reporting?

Required materials and conditions: Original registration versions, protocol, SAP, article tables/change reasons and endpoint-specific plans
Conditions for verification: Retain reported secondary (2nd) status and unperformed comparison without converting unavailable plans into confirmed nonregistration/selective reporting.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Separate historical registration-endpoint narratives from actual planning comparison in this work. Unacquired plans do not establish confirmed selective reporting.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to expose missing material for assessing selection of favorable analyses
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N28 · Was the result replicated in independent families with the same formulation, dose and population?

Required materials and conditions: Trial/family-specific formulation, dose, duration, population, concomitant medication, result distributions and overlap
Conditions for verification: Do not label the representative trial and mixed review as independent replication of an identical formulation; retain condition differences and unverified direct replication.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Do not assume that the representative direct trial is included in the review and add it as new independent replication. A mixed-formulation/population review does not certify replication of the same 500 mg capsules at 2 g/day.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid converting review paper counts/averages into same-product replication
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N29 · Can direct comparisons of doses/products identify an optimal amount?

Required materials and conditions: Direct dose/product comparison, active-constituent assay, dose response/interactions and independent estimates
Conditions for verification: Do not call the selected 2 g/day optimal or equivalent to other products. Missing direct comparison does not erase the narrow 10-week result.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary; required for a dose/product extension
Application exceptions: A trial's 2 g/day does not establish optimal dosage or equivalent-product efficacy. Unverified direct dose comparisons do not automatically suspend the narrow question.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending a trial dose into an individual's optimal intake
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N30 · Were persistence after withdrawal and results beyond 10 weeks verified?

Required materials and conditions: Follow-up beyond 10 weeks/after withdrawal, repeated measurements, time-specific results and separate comparisons
Conditions for verification: Separate 10-week material from long-term persistence questions and retain unverified long-term evidence.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary; required for a long-term extension
Application exceptions: Short-term endpoints and post-treatment persistence/long-term results are separate questions. Unverified long-term material does not establish no long-term effect.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending short-term values into long-term maintenance or suppressed progression
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N31 · Were baseline, medication and special-population subgroup effects separately verified?

Required materials and conditions: Prespecified subgroups, interactions, baseline measures/medication/insulin, and separate denominators/estimates in older adults or kidney disease
Conditions for verification: Do not apply nominal T2D results to all populations; preserve the original population wording and unverified subgroup questions.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary; required for a subgroup extension
Application exceptions: Subgroup estimates require prespecification, interaction assessment and arm-specific denominators. Do not infer insulin, older-adult, kidney-disease or complex-medication information from a small-sample main effect.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending a selected-population main effect into special-population efficacy
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N32 · Does LDL-C change answer clinical-event or medication-replacement questions?

Required materials and conditions: Distinguish endpoint changes from cardiovascular events, diabetes complications/remission, quality of life and medication reduction
Conditions for verification: Do not transfer a narrow endpoint result into event prevention, remission or medication replacement. Do not make event trials mandatory for the endpoint result.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary; required for a clinical-event extension
Application exceptions: Retain the numerical-endpoint comparison itself. Do not automatically substitute endpoint values for events/complications/remission or medication discontinuation, or require event trials as a prerequisite for endpoint values.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid combining surrogate measures and patient clinical outcomes into the same claim
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N33 · What is known about actual adverse events, withdrawal and denominators for the same exposure?

Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific harms, definitions/collection, denominators/duration, withdrawal and separation from efficacy denominators
Conditions for verification: Separate existing caution wording from actual harm counts; unverified information is not safety or absence of events.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary; required for a safety claim
Application exceptions: Caution wording differs from actual adverse-event collection. Do not reuse efficacy denominators for harm incidence or fill missing event/withdrawal counts with 0.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid treating available efficacy material as verified safety
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N34 · What is known about medication interactions, rare/long-term harms and special populations?

Required materials and conditions: Original hypoglycemia/gastrointestinal, anticoagulant/antiplatelet, concomitant-treatment, long-term/vulnerable-population harm material
Conditions for verification: Retain only the original caution level without certifying causal interactions, incidence or long-term safety.
Requirement and applicability: Supplementary; required for a harm extension
Application exceptions: Do not display possible-interaction cautions as observed causal interactions. Do not extend 10-week efficacy material into certification of rare/long-term harms or vulnerable-population safety.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to separate general cautions from actually observed harms
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N35 · How are actual generic English wording and historical English corrections preserved?

Required materials and conditions: Specific Korean results, generic English fields, full correction originals, currently selected original and authority for translation changes
Conditions for verification: Retain both current English literals and historical correction reports without inferring specific English exists or performing a correction of the original translation in this work.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: A correction record does not prove current specific English exists. Retain specific Korean values and generic English wording separately; translation/criteria correction requires a separate authorized event.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid conflating a reported correction with actual current content
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N36 · How is the bibliographic NCT string distinguished from the unverified original registration field?

Required materials and conditions: Direct bibliographic NCT, original registration value, external registration identity/version and comparison history
Conditions for verification: Separate string existence from registration-content verification without arbitrarily harmonizing the original registration field.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: An unverified original registration field and a bibliographic NCT string are different verification levels. Do not replace them with a convenient single value or add a completed-registration-reading badge.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to preserve different states for exact bibliographic links and planning comparison
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

N37 · Were the existing C50, all axes, original dates/URLs and historical review labels retained?

Required materials and conditions: Grade/score/safety, boolean/empty axis values, Korean/English historical values, corrections, URL and original verification date
Conditions for verification: Preserve the whole original exactly without inheriting historical scores, axes or verification wording as current condition status, new conclusions or clinical certification.
Requirement and applicability: Required
Application exceptions: Retain the existing grade/score, false/blank axis values, original URLs and dates. Do not display historical Codex independent cross-checks as current independent clinical validation.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to distinguish preservation of the original verdict from current gap-map statuses
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Referenced methods and the sections actually reviewed

M03 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13

Referenced principle: Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.
Extent of review: Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.

M04 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03

Official methodology · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42

Referenced principle: Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.
Extent of review: Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.

M08 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a

Referenced principle: Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.
Extent of review: Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.

M15 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08

Official methodology · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3

Referenced principle: Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.
Extent of review: Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.

M19 · Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10

Official methodology · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4

Referenced principle: Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.
Extent of review: Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.

What the statuses mean

Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
Met: The selected condition for material, identity or preservation was verified; this does not establish efficacy success or independent clinical validation.
Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

Change history

2026-10-25 · Public page/material version 1.0

The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 37 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.

The stored-material review date (2026-10-06) and original evidence cut-off (2026-09-08) were retained unchanged.

Researcher downloads

These materials provide the same evidence, scope and verification status as this page.

View all item details

N01 · Which type 2 diabetes population and 10-week endpoint comparison are being checked?

Current findings: The original claim concerns LDL-C reduction in adults. The selected details connect LDL-C with dried ginger-powder 500 mg capsules, 2 g/day for 10 weeks, versus wheat-flour placebo plus usual care with inadequately controlled lipid medication in adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established.
Verification status: Met
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The question, population, intervention, comparator, timing and main boundary were identified within retained material. This is not a status of demonstrated efficacy.
Reason for missing information: External eligibility and original-trial details are outside this boundary-identification status.
Required materials and conditions: Current LDL-C claim, Korean/English intervention/population details, oral powder 2 g/day, 10 weeks, comparator and independent boundary
Materials to obtain first: Current LDL-C claim, Korean/English intervention/population details, oral powder 2 g/day, 10 weeks, comparator and independent boundary
Further research: Material needed: Current LDL-C claim, Korean/English intervention/population details, oral powder 2 g/day, 10 weeks, comparator and independent boundary. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: The table organizes retained evidence for the selected endpoint and does not certify efficacy in all adults or products.
Conditions for verification: Keep the LDL-C question distinct from other endpoints, formulations and populations and link it to the original location.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to read the original claim with the actual T2D and concomitant-medication contract
Application exceptions: Read the broad adult wording of the Korean claim alongside the T2D/concomitant-treatment scope. Retain only the main question without automatically generating independent claims for other endpoints or formulations.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N02 · Is the same direct trial counted again in another endpoint table?

Current findings: The direct report is The Effects of Ginger on Fasting Blood Sugar, Hemoglobin A1c, and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes; PMID29344037, PMC5750786, DOI10.5812/ijem.57927, bibliographic NCT02666807. Table 3051 also uses this report and its 50 randomized/45 analyzed participants (23/22). LDL/HbA1c are different outcomes and are not added into 100/90.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The historical record describes full reading of both retained records and agreement of report identity/denominator literals; external trial/participant details were not compared.
Reason for missing information: Unique-trial/participant certification and endpoint-specific duplication details are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct-trial PMID/PMC/DOI, bibliographic NCT, report title and LDL/HbA1c correspondence
Materials to obtain first: Direct-trial PMID/PMC/DOI, bibliographic NCT, report title and LDL/HbA1c correspondence
Further research: Material needed: Direct-trial PMID/PMC/DOI, bibliographic NCT, report title and LDL/HbA1c correspondence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Different endpoints under the same bibliography are not independent replication; unique counts remain null.
Conditions for verification: Link matching report identifiers across the endpoints while retaining endpoint-specific estimates and avoiding certification of unique trials or participants.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid adding the same sample as a new independent trial in different endpoint tables
Application exceptions: Retain endpoint-specific results even when the endpoints use the same trial report. Table/report counts are not unique-trial counts.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N03 · How are matching review identifiers, different titles and included trials linked?

Current findings: The retained review title is Meta-analysis of the effects of ginger supplementation on glycemic control, blood pressure and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. Bibliographic PMID42337792, PMC13495174 and DOI10.1186/s13643-026-03251-5 match the other endpoint record, while the study title/bibliographic author display differ. The sample wording is 13 papers overall, with an LDL-contributing subset.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Matching retained identifiers and different titles were linked as recorded. Without an included-trial table, endpoint contribution and overlap with the direct trial could not be compared.
Reason for missing information: Exact review-title/author identity, included trials, endpoint subsets and unique participants are unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Review PMID/PMC/DOI, record-specific bibliographic/title literals, included-trial table and endpoint contribution/overlap
Materials to obtain first: Review PMID/PMC/DOI, record-specific bibliographic/title literals, included-trial table and endpoint contribution/overlap
Further research: Material needed: Review PMID/PMC/DOI, record-specific bibliographic/title literals, included-trial table and endpoint contribution/overlap. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: 13 papers do not mean 13 unique trials or replication of the same formulation. Separate bibliographic corrections: 0.
Conditions for verification: Retain the verification level for matching identifiers and different titles, distinguishing paper counts from unique-trial counts.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid converting the same review into independent replication or exact bibliographic certification
Application exceptions: Do not harmonize record-specific study-title literals merely because bibliographic identifiers match. A missing included-trial table does not establish no overlap.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S02

N04 · Which retained summaries and external originals were actually read?

Current findings: Actual reading in this work covers the complete retained original and its research/bibliographic summaries. External PubMed/abstracts, PMC/publisher full texts and registration for its reports were neither read nor accessed. Original links are not reading records.
Verification status: Met
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: This condition concerns disclosure of reading level. Actual reading of the full retained summary and unattempted/unread linked external materials were separately disclosed by material, meeting that disclosure scope. External-original and clinical-content verification remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: External full-text/abstract/registration/protocol/SAP files were not acquired or read; this is not inaccessibility.
Required materials and conditions: Retained summaries, bibliography/abstracts, full texts, access attempts and acquisition/reading records by material type
Materials to obtain first: Retained summaries, bibliography/abstracts, full texts, access attempts and acquisition/reading records by material type
Further research: Material needed: Retained summaries, bibliography/abstracts, full texts, access attempts and acquisition/reading records by material type. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Historical verification/date and review wording are not backdated into successful external access in this work.
Conditions for verification: Display actual reading of retained local summaries separately from unread external full texts/abstracts/registration and unattempted access.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid upgrading original links into full-text reading records
Application exceptions: Acknowledge reading of retained summaries without labeling it full-text or registration reading. Unattempted external access is not inaccessibility.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N05 · Were registration, protocol and SAP actually acquired and compared?

Current findings: The direct-trial bibliography includes NCT02666807, while its original registration field says unverified. Protocol/SAP originals and registration version, time and page positions are not specified in the retained record and were not accessed in this work.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: A bibliographic string alone cannot meet registration/planning-content comparison or actual-acquisition requirements.
Reason for missing information: External registration/protocol/SAP, versions, times and original locations remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Bibliographic NCT string, original registration field, registration version/time and protocol/SAP originals
Materials to obtain first: Bibliographic NCT string, original registration field, registration version/time and protocol/SAP originals
Further research: Material needed: Bibliographic NCT string, original registration field, registration version/time and protocol/SAP originals. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Unacquired material does not establish nonregistration, no plan or confirmed selective reporting.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish historical registration narratives from the current level of retained bibliographic strings, leaving external comparison unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid treating a registration identifier as verification of a prespecified plan
Application exceptions: An NCT string does not establish completed acquisition/comparison of registration, protocol or SAP. Unacquired material is not described as nonregistration.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N06 · Who is the selected T2D population, including exclusions and baseline characteristics?

Current findings: The population is adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established. That limitation is retained as written. Nonuse-of-insulin wording from the other HbA1c record is not inserted into this LDL population field.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The selected T2D/concomitant-treatment scope is retained, but original recruitment and arm-specific baseline characteristics are unavailable.
Reason for missing information: Age, diagnostic criteria, arm-specific baseline measures/exclusions and selection flow remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Age/diagnosis, insulin/lipid medication, baseline LDL-C, eligibility and arm-specific characteristics of adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established
Materials to obtain first: Age/diagnosis, insulin/lipid medication, baseline LDL-C, eligibility and arm-specific characteristics of adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established
Further research: Material needed: Age/diagnosis, insulin/lipid medication, baseline LDL-C, eligibility and arm-specific characteristics of adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication; a statin add-on population cannot be established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: A population summary is not extended into efficacy for all adults or other medication groups.
Conditions for verification: Link only the stated population, preserving record-specific nonuse-of-insulin/statin limitations.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extrapolating differences in study populations into efficacy for all adults
Application exceptions: Retain record-specific insulin/statin wording differences. Matching T2D labels do not authorize importing baseline/exclusion criteria from another record.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N07 · What are the dried powder's composition, capsules and actual administered amount?

Current findings: The formulation is dried ginger-powder 500 mg capsules; gingerol/shogaol assay is unverified. Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome was taken orally at 1 g, 2 times daily, 2 g/day total. Nominal powder quantity remains distinct from gingerol/shogaol assay.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Nominal formulation/dose appear in the current record, but active constituents, manufacturing/quality and actual adherence are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Gingerol/shogaol assay, manufacturing/consistency and actual intake remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Rhizome, 500 mg capsules, 2 g/day, dosing frequency, gingerol/shogaol assay and manufacturing/quality
Materials to obtain first: Rhizome, 500 mg capsules, 2 g/day, dosing frequency, gingerol/shogaol assay and manufacturing/quality
Further research: Material needed: Rhizome, 500 mg capsules, 2 g/day, dosing frequency, gingerol/shogaol assay and manufacturing/quality. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: There is no automatic equivalence with standardized extracts, foods, essential oils or combinations.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish nominal powder amount from active-constituent assay/actual adherence without treating foods or extracts as automatically equivalent.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid applying a formulation or dose directly to other products
Application exceptions: Nominal capsule powder quantity differs from gingerol/shogaol active-constituent assay. Unverified assay does not establish 0 active constituent or a defective product.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N08 · What actually differed between placebo and existing treatment in the arms?

Current findings: The comparator is wheat-flour placebo plus usual care with inadequate lipid-medication control; the population is adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication, without an established statin add-on population. Inadequate lipid-medication control and the unverified statin add-on scope are retained separately.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Nominal shared treatment/wheat-flour placebo are present, but arm-specific medication types, changes and other-treatment differences are unavailable.
Reason for missing information: Arm-specific glucose/lipid medication types, doses, changes and placebo details remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Wheat-flour placebo, continued oral glucose-lowering medication, lipid-medication control and arm-specific concomitant treatment/changes
Materials to obtain first: Wheat-flour placebo, continued oral glucose-lowering medication, lipid-medication control and arm-specific concomitant treatment/changes
Further research: Material needed: Wheat-flour placebo, continued oral glucose-lowering medication, lipid-medication control and arm-specific concomitant treatment/changes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: The original comparison is not converted into statin-add-on efficacy or glucose-lowering-medication replacement evidence.
Conditions for verification: Separate shared existing care from added ginger and do not convert the comparison into statin-add-on or medication-replacement efficacy.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid attributing concomitant-treatment differences to powder alone
Application exceptions: Shared continuation of existing medication differs from control of arm-specific changes. Inadequate lipid-medication control does not determine success/failure of statin add-on or statin replacement.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N09 · What is known about 10-week exposure, dosing schedule and post-treatment observation?

Current findings: The exposure contract is 10-week treatment, 1 g at each of 2 daily doses, 2 g/day total; the selected endpoint is the between-group LDL-C difference at 10 weeks. Visit-specific intake/adherence and post-treatment follow-up cannot be established from this summary.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The nominal 10-week exposure/endpoint contract is linked, but actual exposure and the complete timeline are unverified.
Reason for missing information: Visits, adherence, exposure loss and post-treatment follow-up remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: 10-week treatment, visits, exposure/adherence, post-treatment follow-up and time-specific results
Materials to obtain first: 10-week treatment, visits, exposure/adherence, post-treatment follow-up and time-specific results
Further research: Material needed: 10-week treatment, visits, exposure/adherence, post-treatment follow-up and time-specific results. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: The 10-week endpoint change is not extended into post-treatment or long-term effects.
Conditions for verification: Record the selected 10-week result separately from existence or uncertainty of withdrawal/long-term follow-up.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending short treatment data into sustained long-term effects
Application exceptions: A 10-week treatment statement does not establish complete visits, actual adherence or post-treatment follow-up. Unverified long-term results do not erase the 10-week endpoint value.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N10 · Are the direct-trial LDL-C values final values, within-arm changes or between-arm differences?

Current findings: The direct trial reports final LDL-C 100±42.1 versus 107±34.3 mg/dL, P=.57; the exact change-difference CI is unverified. Final arm values remain distinct from changes/adjusted between-arm effects, and 100−107 was not calculated into a new estimate.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The reported value format, units and timing are linked, but exact between-arm changes/adjusted estimates and CIs remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: Original tables for exact change differences/adjusted between-arm effects, denominators and CIs remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: LDL-C result units, arm values/changes, adjusted between-arm estimate, comparison time and direction
Materials to obtain first: LDL-C result units, arm values/changes, adjusted between-arm estimate, comparison time and direction
Further research: Material needed: LDL-C result units, arm values/changes, adjusted between-arm estimate, comparison time and direction. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Significance or differences between arm values are not transferred into another effect without verifying the reported estimation contract.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the original LDL-C result format without newly calculating unreported differences or adjusted effects.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid transferring numerically different analysis formats as the same effect
Application exceptions: Arm-specific final values or changes differ from adjusted between-arm effects. Do not subtract the values or derive exact change differences/CIs from the P value.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N11 · What does the review's pooled LDL-C estimate, CI and I² refer to?

Current findings: The synthesis reports MD -5.36 mg/dL, 95% CI -12.37 to 1.65; I²=90.93%; 13 papers overall, with an LDL-contributing subset. Retain the LDL interval including 0 and high heterogeneity.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Endpoint-specific pooled values/reported intervals are retained, but details of contributing trials, formulation, medication and model directness remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: Contributing subsets, trial-specific conditions/estimates, exact denominators, models and overlap tables remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Endpoint-specific MD, units, CI, I², contributing trials/populations/formulations and analysis model
Materials to obtain first: Endpoint-specific MD, units, CI, I², contributing trials/populations/formulations and analysis model
Further research: Material needed: Endpoint-specific MD, units, CI, I², contributing trials/populations/formulations and analysis model. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: The review average does not replace the between-arm effect of the original 10-week, 2 g capsule product.
Conditions for verification: Attribute pooled values to their endpoint/question without using them as expected effects for a particular product or person.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending a review average into guaranteed effects for an identical product
Application exceptions: The review's overall paper count is not its endpoint-specific contributing-trial count or same-product trial count. Do not turn a pooled estimate into direct-trial arm values or guaranteed personal effects.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S02

N12 · Is the table's selected endpoint the same as the registered primary (1st)/secondary (2nd) hierarchy?

Current findings: The selected page endpoint is the between-group LDL-C difference at 10 weeks. The direct report's hierarchy is registered LDL-C secondary (2nd); the original reader answer explicitly describes registered LDL secondary (2nd) status.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The selected endpoint and historical registration hierarchy were distinguished, but actual planning originals were not compared.
Reason for missing information: External comparison of original registration/protocol, article hierarchy and reasons for changes remains unverified.
Required materials and conditions: The selected-endpoint field's role, the direct trial's registered endpoints, NF-κB and article/plan comparison
Materials to obtain first: The selected-endpoint field's role, the direct trial's registered endpoints, NF-κB and article/plan comparison
Further research: Material needed: The selected-endpoint field's role, the direct trial's registered endpoints, NF-κB and article/plan comparison. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: The selected-endpoint field name does not certify the registered primary (1st) endpoint.
Conditions for verification: Do not promote the selected measure into the registered primary (1st) endpoint; retain the reported secondary (2nd) status and unperformed comparison.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid deriving original-trial primary (1st) success/failure from a field name alone
Application exceptions: The selected-endpoint field is the table's selection key. Do not relabel registered secondary (2nd) status as co-primary (1st) or as an invalid primary (1st) trial.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N13 · What are the randomized, analyzed and completed denominators and the arm mapping of 23/22?

Current findings: The direct-trial denominators are 50 randomized and 45 analyzed (23/22). Randomized 50/analyzed 45 remain distinct; the summary does not state ginger/placebo mapping of 23/22 or completion. Matching values in another endpoint table are not summed.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Randomized/analyzed literals are verified, but arm/endpoint denominator roles remain incomplete.
Reason for missing information: Arm mapping, endpoint-specific analysis/completion and shared-participant details remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: 50 randomized, 45 analyzed, arm/endpoint denominators, arm mapping and completion/flow diagram
Materials to obtain first: 50 randomized, 45 analyzed, arm/endpoint denominators, arm mapping and completion/flow diagram
Further research: Material needed: 50 randomized, 45 analyzed, arm/endpoint denominators, arm mapping and completion/flow diagram. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not create new denominators from rounding, generic English sample wording or counts of mentions.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish each reported denominator without inferring ginger/placebo mapping or completion from 23/22.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid duplication or misattribution of denominator roles and shared participants
Application exceptions: Distinguish 50 randomized from 45 analyzed. Do not infer the ginger/placebo order of 23/22 or the completion denominator when unstated.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N14 · Were missingness, dropout reasons and ITT/PP handling verified?

Current findings: The direct summary gives 50 randomized and 45 analyzed (23/22), without specific missingness/dropout reasons, analysis exclusion/imputation or ITT/PP. No new dropout/completion count was calculated by subtracting analyzed from randomized participants.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Denominator summaries cannot establish missing-data handling or the estimand, and external flow diagrams were not read.
Reason for missing information: Arm-specific missingness, dropout/discontinuation, exclusion/imputation and ITT/PP remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Participant flow, arm-specific missingness/dropout, analysis exclusion and ITT/PP/imputation
Materials to obtain first: Participant flow, arm-specific missingness/dropout, analysis exclusion and ITT/PP/imputation
Further research: Material needed: Participant flow, arm-specific missingness/dropout, analysis exclusion and ITT/PP/imputation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Unverified information does not establish no missingness or definite analysis bias.
Conditions for verification: Report the distinction between randomized and analyzed participants without calculating dropout/completion or naming the analysis method.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid treating analyzed participant counts as proof of no missingness
Application exceptions: Do not calculate the randomized/analyzed difference as a dropout/discontinuation count. Missing handling information does not establish ITT, PP or no missingness.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N15 · Are the direct trial's SD, SE, CI and exact between-arm estimates distinguished?

Current findings: The original LDL result's ±42.1/±34.3 notation is retained, while this summary does not fully specify its definition or the exact change-difference CI. No CI was calculated from P=.57.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Some original values exist, but the requested exact between-arm estimates and precision contract remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: SD/SE definitions, original variance/denominators and exact change/adjusted-effect CIs remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: LDL-C original tables, variance definitions, exact change differences/adjusted effects, CIs and arm denominators
Materials to obtain first: LDL-C original tables, variance definitions, exact change differences/adjusted effects, CIs and arm denominators
Further research: Material needed: LDL-C original tables, variance definitions, exact change differences/adjusted effects, CIs and arm denominators. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not infer absent variance/CIs or convert them into a new score.
Conditions for verification: Separate reported values from unverified precision without calculating missing CIs or variance definitions.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid establishing effect precision from P values or sample sizes alone
Application exceptions: Retain the original ± notation if SD/SE definitions are unavailable. Missing CIs do not justify an arbitrary precision score or effect 0.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N16 · Were favorable, null and contrary endpoint results kept within their original questions?

Current findings: Retain direct LDL P=.57 and the pooled LDL interval including 0. Also retain the original narrative of an approximately 5.14 mg/dL reduction across 26 trials in 2022, while its separate original tables remain unverified. Positive TG/total-cholesterol results are not transferred to LDL.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Favorable/counterargument narratives and result formats are linked, but the full distribution of contrary/null trial results is unavailable.
Reason for missing information: Trial-level result distributions, older review/direct original tables and endpoint comparisons remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct/pooled endpoint results, original counterarguments and other-endpoint scope
Materials to obtain first: Direct/pooled endpoint results, original counterarguments and other-endpoint scope
Further research: Material needed: Direct/pooled endpoint results, original counterarguments and other-endpoint scope. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not select only favorable narratives or use positives on other endpoints to erase heterogeneity/precision gaps.
Conditions for verification: Retain related positive, nonsignificant and differing results without substituting other endpoints for the selected endpoint's efficacy.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid erasing material gaps by selecting favorable results
Application exceptions: Preserve counterarguments from other endpoints/analyses as relevant context. Their values do not erase uncertainty in the selected endpoint.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N17 · How are nonsignificance, heterogeneity and decimal differences interpreted?

Current findings: Retain LDL P=.57 and the MD -5.36 CI -12.37 to 1.65 with I²90.93% exactly. Nonsignificance is not established as effect 0/equivalence; positive results and condition differences in other reviews remain distinct.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Statistical/rounding literals are retained, but original-material assessment of imprecision and between-study differences was not performed.
Reason for missing information: Causes of high heterogeneity, original decimals/models, equivalence plans and trial estimates remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Reported P values, inclusion of 0, CIs, rounded I² and different analysis conditions
Materials to obtain first: Reported P values, inclusion of 0, CIs, rounded I² and different analysis conditions
Further research: Material needed: Reported P values, inclusion of 0, CIs, rounded I² and different analysis conditions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: High I² does not itself mean effect 0 or failure of the registered plan.
Conditions for verification: Do not convert nonsignificance into effect 0/equivalence or automatically label rounding/different-analysis values as data conflicts.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid conflating different limitations with the same failure or conflict
Application exceptions: Nonsignificance does not prove equivalence/effect 0. Rounded I² and different review estimates require comparison of endpoint/analysis contracts before judging conflict.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N18 · What are the limits of historical search/review narratives and currently acquired reports?

Current findings: The record describes comparisons of 2018, 2022 and 2023 meta-analyses and an approximately 5.14 mg/dL reduction across 26 trials in 2022. The actual 2 research/bibliographic summaries concern the 2017 direct trial and 2026 review; exact bibliography, original tables and included-study details for the older reviews are absent here.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Historical narratives were separated from current retained-material reading. Without original-material details, neither a current exhaustive search nor absence of articles can be certified.
Reason for missing information: Historical search records, review bibliography and selection/included-trial details remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Current research/bibliographic summaries 2, historical year/trial-count narratives, search sources/strategies, selection and included-study tables
Materials to obtain first: Current research/bibliographic summaries 2, historical year/trial-count narratives, search sources/strategies, selection and included-study tables
Further research: Material needed: Current research/bibliographic summaries 2, historical year/trial-count narratives, search sources/strategies, selection and included-study tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: An unperformed search is not described as 0 studies or absence of all human studies.
Conditions for verification: Retain historical search/review narratives while separating missing current source locations from the absence of a new search.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid conflating absence of literature with work not performed
Application exceptions: Historical claims of reviewing studies do not record new original acquisition beyond the current 2 reports. An unperformed search does not mean 0 human studies.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N19 · How are the original verdict date, correction date and actual current reading date distinguished?

Current findings: The original verdict date is 2026-09-08; the correction is the English correction record of 2026-09-14. The current date concerns retained-summary conversion review, not external full-text verification or a new evidence cutoff.
Verification status: Met
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Historical record dates and the current work date were retained with separate roles, without converting dates into successful new clinical searches.
Reason for missing information: The original evidence-cutoff field and historical search date/external access level, location and date are unverified in this input.
Required materials and conditions: Original verification date, correction date, current conversion-review date, input hashes and revision links
Materials to obtain first: Original verification date, correction date, current conversion-review date, input hashes and revision links
Further research: Material needed: Original verification date, correction date, current conversion-review date, input hashes and revision links. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not automatically fill an unverified cutoff with the original verdict date.
Conditions for verification: Do not reuse historical dates as current external full-text reading dates; state the scope of retained-material review.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid presenting historical verification as a new current-literature review
Application exceptions: Original verification/correction dates are historical values. The current date is retained-material conversion review, without issuing a new evidence cutoff/external-reading date.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N20 · What does university support and capsule purchasing establish about direct-trial independence?

Current findings: Direct-trial funding is reported as TUMS 28653 university support and capsule purchasing. These are retained; product provision, employee authors, patents, declared COI and unique-team independence were not compared against external originals.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Original funding is reported, but other components of independence remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: Product support, author employment, patents, COI originals and institution/team links remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: TUMS28653 support, product purchasing/provision, employee authors, patents, declared COI and institutions/teams
Materials to obtain first: TUMS28653 support, product purchasing/provision, employee authors, patents, declared COI and institutions/teams
Further research: Material needed: TUMS28653 support, product purchasing/provision, employee authors, patents, declared COI and institutions/teams. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: The original independent-funding strength/I2 axis does not certify new independent clinical validation.
Conditions for verification: Retain reported funding without using unverified product/authorship/conflict details as proof of independent replication or no bias.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid establishing overall independence from a single funding item
Application exceptions: University funding and capsule purchasing differ from product provision, employment, patents and COI. Do not inherit the historical independence axis as certification of independent replication.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N21 · How do review funding and author COI differ from included-trial independence?

Current findings: Review funding is recorded as public/university support, with mixed funding among original trials. Review declarations/funding remain distinct from contributing trials' mixed funding, products and institutions.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Limited declarations in the review record are retained, but contributing-trial funding/independence were not compared.
Reason for missing information: Original review funding/COI declarations, included-trial funding/products, institutions/teams and overlap remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Review funding/COI, funding of each included trial, research teams/products and overlap
Materials to obtain first: Review funding/COI, funding of each included trial, research teams/products and overlap
Further research: Material needed: Review funding/COI, funding of each included trial, research teams/products and overlap. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: No-conflict/public-university-support summaries are not transferred into absence of bias across included trials.
Conditions for verification: Separate review declarations from mixed original-trial funding without certifying papers as unique independent teams.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid transferring review support into independence of all contributing trials
Application exceptions: Review COI/funding and included-trial funding are considered separately. A no-conflict declaration alone does not establish absence of product/included-trial bias.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S02

N22 · Were allocation, concealment and baseline balance verified beyond the randomized/double-blind label?

Current findings: The direct-trial design label is a randomized double-blind placebo trial. This summary does not establish sequence generation, allocation concealment, baseline balance or detailed parallel/crossover/cluster structure.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Original RCT/blinding labels exist, but actual methodological information was not compared.
Reason for missing information: Original allocation/concealment, baseline tables, design details and blinding methods remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Parallel/crossover/cluster design, random sequence, concealment, baseline tables and blinding
Materials to obtain first: Parallel/crossover/cluster design, random sequence, concealment, baseline tables and blinding
Further research: Material needed: Parallel/crossover/cluster design, random sequence, concealment, baseline tables and blinding. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: The blinding label does not establish no problems or a completed formal RoB2 assessment.
Conditions for verification: Separate the RCT label from unverified details; do not arbitrarily mark crossover/cluster considerations not applicable when the design is unverified.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid treating a design label as resolution of allocation and confounding problems
Application exceptions: The randomized/double-blind label does not verify sequence, concealment or baseline balance. Unverified design does not automatically make crossover/cluster considerations not applicable.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N23 · Could concomitant medication, adherence, rescue care and arm-specific changes affect the estimate?

Current findings: The comparison with maintained oral glucose-lowering medication concerns adults with type 2 diabetes on continued oral treatment, without an established statin add-on population, versus wheat-flour placebo plus usual care with inadequate lipid-medication control. Details of arm-specific medication changes, adherence, diet/activity, rescue care and analysis handling are not recorded.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The nominal shared-treatment scope exists, but actual changes/deviations/estimand comparison for E02 lacks material.
Reason for missing information: Medication types/doses/changes, actual adherence, diet/activity and rescue-treatment handling remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Glucose/lipid medication types, arm changes, diet/activity, adherence, rescue care and estimand
Materials to obtain first: Glucose/lipid medication types, arm changes, diet/activity, adherence, rescue care and estimand
Further research: Material needed: Glucose/lipid medication types, arm changes, diet/activity, adherence, rescue care and estimand. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Unverified changes do not establish fully controlled identical care or an isolated ginger effect.
Conditions for verification: Distinguish a continuation-of-medication statement from unverified arm-specific changes and adherence.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid attributing changes in other treatments to added ginger
Application exceptions: Continuation of existing oral medication does not establish identical arm changes, adherence, diet or rescue care. Do not require that all changes must be identical.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N24 · How, when and under what blinding was LDL-C measured?

Current findings: The selected measure is the between-group LDL-C difference at 10 weeks; the reported values are final LDL-C arm values in mg/dL. Assay, sampling/visit times, baseline values and assessor-blinding details are absent from the current summary.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The endpoint name/nominal time exist, but the measurement method and arm-specific error procedures remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: Assay/sampling/baseline, 10-week visits, measurement error and assessor blinding remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: LDL-C assay/units, sampling conditions, baseline/10-week visits, measurement error and assessor blinding
Materials to obtain first: LDL-C assay/units, sampling conditions, baseline/10-week visits, measurement error and assessor blinding
Further research: Material needed: LDL-C assay/units, sampling conditions, baseline/10-week visits, measurement error and assessor blinding. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not fill measurement details from another endpoint's trial or generic legacy English wording.
Conditions for verification: Separate the nominal endpoint/units from unverified assay details.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid conflating measurement differences with actual outcome differences
Application exceptions: An endpoint name and units do not verify the assay, sampling/visit times or assessor blinding. Even an objective assay requires separate assessment of measurement limitations.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N25 · What is the direct trial's estimand and analysis model?

Current findings: The selected contract is the between-group LDL difference at 10 weeks, but the current direct summary reports final arm values and P. Exact change differences/adjusted CIs remain unverified, and analysis populations/models or ITT/PP are not newly assigned.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Knowing the result format does not complete the effect definition without comparison of the estimand and original model.
Reason for missing information: Assignment/adherence effects, analysis populations, covariates and original models remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Assignment/adherence effects, covariates, ITT/PP, within/between-arm analysis, change/final values and model
Materials to obtain first: Assignment/adherence effects, covariates, ITT/PP, within/between-arm analysis, change/final values and model
Further research: Material needed: Assignment/adherence effects, covariates, ITT/PP, within/between-arm analysis, change/final values and model. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not infer adjusted estimates or assignment effects without material.
Conditions for verification: Explain only the reported result format; absent analysis methods are not filled with adjusted estimates or ITT.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to distinguish arm-specific values from the actual analysis estimand
Application exceptions: Classify only the reported final/change format. If the estimand is unverified, do not assign assignment/adherence effects or ITT/PP.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N26 · Can the CI be interpreted alongside a justified important difference?

Current findings: The synthesis provides an interval: MD -5.36 mg/dL, 95% CI -12.37 to 1.65; I²=90.93%, but the direct trial's exact CI is unverified. The record supplies no justified important-difference threshold for the selected population/endpoint.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The scope of reported intervals was read, but direct precision and clinical-importance comparison remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: Direct CIs, justified important differences and interpretive material remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct/pooled CIs, endpoint-specific variance, justified clinically important difference and interpretation contract
Materials to obtain first: Direct/pooled CIs, endpoint-specific variance, justified clinically important difference and interpretation contract
Further research: Material needed: Direct/pooled CIs, endpoint-specific variance, justified clinically important difference and interpretation contract. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not create arbitrary minimum N, durations, important differences, fulfillment rates or new efficacy grades.
Conditions for verification: Retain the scope of reported intervals and unverified importance criteria; do not judge sufficiency using arbitrary minimum samples, duration or differences.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid upgrading statistical signals into clinical importance or a new grade
Application exceptions: P values, sample sizes or review paper counts alone do not establish sufficient precision or clinical importance. Do not adopt arbitrary minimum participant, duration or difference thresholds.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N27 · Was the prespecified endpoint, timing and analysis compared with actual reporting?

Current findings: The original record describes registered LDL-C secondary (2nd) status in the direct trial; external registration/SAP/protocol were not compared with actual endpoint, timing or analysis changes in this work.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Historical registration hierarchy alone cannot certify agreement between prespecified plans and reporting.
Reason for missing information: Registration versions/endpoints, analyses/timing, change reasons and SAP remain uncompared.
Required materials and conditions: Original registration versions, protocol, SAP, article tables/change reasons and endpoint-specific plans
Materials to obtain first: Original registration versions, protocol, SAP, article tables/change reasons and endpoint-specific plans
Further research: Material needed: Original registration versions, protocol, SAP, article tables/change reasons and endpoint-specific plans. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Unperformed comparison establishes neither nonregistration/confirmed selective reporting nor absence of planning problems.
Conditions for verification: Retain reported secondary (2nd) status and unperformed comparison without converting unavailable plans into confirmed nonregistration/selective reporting.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to expose missing material for assessing selection of favorable analyses
Application exceptions: Separate historical registration-endpoint narratives from actual planning comparison in this work. Unacquired plans do not establish confirmed selective reporting.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N28 · Was the result replicated in independent families with the same formulation, dose and population?

Current findings: The original record notes formulation/dose/existing-medication differences, high heterogeneity and limited same-formulation replication. Included-trial/family-specific conditions and results for the representative 500 mg powder, 2 g/day, 10-week direct trial and mixed review were not acquired.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: A review count does not establish unique independent same-formulation replication for the selected contract.
Reason for missing information: Included trials/overlap, family-specific formulations/medication, populations/doses/duration and result distributions remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Trial/family-specific formulation, dose, duration, population, concomitant medication, result distributions and overlap
Materials to obtain first: Trial/family-specific formulation, dose, duration, population, concomitant medication, result distributions and overlap
Further research: Material needed: Trial/family-specific formulation, dose, duration, population, concomitant medication, result distributions and overlap. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not add the representative report and review into 14 independent trials or same-product reproducibility.
Conditions for verification: Do not label the representative trial and mixed review as independent replication of an identical formulation; retain condition differences and unverified direct replication.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid converting review paper counts/averages into same-product replication
Application exceptions: Do not assume that the representative direct trial is included in the review and add it as new independent replication. A mixed-formulation/population review does not certify replication of the same 500 mg capsules at 2 g/day.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N29 · Can direct comparisons of doses/products identify an optimal amount?

Current findings: The selected trial's nominal powder amount is 2 g/day; the retained summary has no direct superiority/optimal-dose comparison with other doses/products. Gingerol/shogaol assay is also unverified.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: A placebo comparison at a single dose and a mixed review do not answer direct dose/product comparisons.
Reason for missing information: Direct dose-response/product comparisons, active-constituent assay and interaction estimates remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct dose/product comparison, active-constituent assay, dose response/interactions and independent estimates
Materials to obtain first: Direct dose/product comparison, active-constituent assay, dose response/interactions and independent estimates
Further research: Material needed: Direct dose/product comparison, active-constituent assay, dose response/interactions and independent estimates. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: 2 g/day does not establish personal dosing instructions, an optimal dose or equivalent efficacy of other products.
Conditions for verification: Do not call the selected 2 g/day optimal or equivalent to other products. Missing direct comparison does not erase the narrow 10-week result.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending a trial dose into an individual's optimal intake
Application exceptions: A trial's 2 g/day does not establish optimal dosage or equivalent-product efficacy. Unverified direct dose comparisons do not automatically suspend the narrow question.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01

N30 · Were persistence after withdrawal and results beyond 10 weeks verified?

Current findings: The selected duration is 10 weeks of treatment. Separate reports and denominators for post-treatment persistence or long-term results beyond 10 weeks are unverified in the retained summary.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: 10-week material alone does not answer post-treatment or long-term-follow-up questions.
Reason for missing information: Post-treatment/long-term visits, time-specific between-arm estimates and denominators remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Follow-up beyond 10 weeks/after withdrawal, repeated measurements, time-specific results and separate comparisons
Materials to obtain first: Follow-up beyond 10 weeks/after withdrawal, repeated measurements, time-specific results and separate comparisons
Further research: Material needed: Follow-up beyond 10 weeks/after withdrawal, repeated measurements, time-specific results and separate comparisons. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Unverified long-term material means neither no long-term effect nor a reason to erase original 10-week values.
Conditions for verification: Separate 10-week material from long-term persistence questions and retain unverified long-term evidence.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending short-term values into long-term maintenance or suppressed progression
Application exceptions: Short-term endpoints and post-treatment persistence/long-term results are separate questions. Unverified long-term material does not establish no long-term effect.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N31 · Were baseline, medication and special-population subgroup effects separately verified?

Current findings: The selected population is adults with type 2 diabetes maintaining oral glucose-lowering medication, without an established statin add-on population. Prespecified baseline/medication subgroups, interactions and separate denominators/estimates for insulin, older adults, kidney disease or complex concomitant treatment are absent from the retained summary.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: A population name alone cannot establish special-population or individual differences in response.
Reason for missing information: Prespecified subgroups, interactions, denominators/estimates and concomitant-treatment material remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Prespecified subgroups, interactions, baseline measures/medication/insulin, and separate denominators/estimates in older adults or kidney disease
Materials to obtain first: Prespecified subgroups, interactions, baseline measures/medication/insulin, and separate denominators/estimates in older adults or kidney disease
Further research: Material needed: Prespecified subgroups, interactions, baseline measures/medication/insulin, and separate denominators/estimates in older adults or kidney disease. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Separate unverified subgroups from the overall selected T2D question without creating unsupported efficacy.
Conditions for verification: Do not apply nominal T2D results to all populations; preserve the original population wording and unverified subgroup questions.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid extending a selected-population main effect into special-population efficacy
Application exceptions: Subgroup estimates require prespecification, interaction assessment and arm-specific denominators. Do not infer insulin, older-adult, kidney-disease or complex-medication information from a small-sample main effect.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N32 · Does LDL-C change answer clinical-event or medication-replacement questions?

Current findings: The original advertising boundary does not support statin replacement, cardiovascular prevention or marketing TG improvement as an LDL effect. Retain the scope of LDL-C alone, with TG, HDL and total cholesterol separate. Direct event/complication, remission, quality-of-life and medication-reduction material was not verified in this summary.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: The boundary between the selected endpoint and clinical/medication questions is stated, but separate direct clinical outcomes remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: Separate direct results for cardiovascular events, complications, remission and medication reduction remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Distinguish endpoint changes from cardiovascular events, diabetes complications/remission, quality of life and medication reduction
Materials to obtain first: Distinguish endpoint changes from cardiovascular events, diabetes complications/remission, quality of life and medication reduction
Further research: Material needed: Distinguish endpoint changes from cardiovascular events, diabetes complications/remission, quality of life and medication reduction. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Endpoint signals do not support medication replacement/stopping treatment, and event evidence is not forced as a prerequisite for endpoint values.
Conditions for verification: Do not transfer a narrow endpoint result into event prevention, remission or medication replacement. Do not make event trials mandatory for the endpoint result.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid combining surrogate measures and patient clinical outcomes into the same claim
Application exceptions: Retain the numerical-endpoint comparison itself. Do not automatically substitute endpoint values for events/complications/remission or medication discontinuation, or require event trials as a prerequisite for endpoint values.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N33 · What is known about actual adverse events, withdrawal and denominators for the same exposure?

Current findings: The original safety label is Caution. Its detailed guidance says not to arbitrarily stop lipid-lowering medication and to consider gastrointestinal discomfort and possible drug interactions, including anticoagulants and antiplatelets. Actual arm-specific harm counts/denominators, collection methods/duration and withdrawals in both reports remain unverified in the summary.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: General caution wording exists, but actual adverse-event collection for the selected exposure is not established.
Reason for missing information: Harm definitions, arm-specific events, denominators/duration, withdrawal, collection and missingness remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific harms, definitions/collection, denominators/duration, withdrawal and separation from efficacy denominators
Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific harms, definitions/collection, denominators/duration, withdrawal and separation from efficacy denominators
Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific harms, definitions/collection, denominators/duration, withdrawal and separation from efficacy denominators. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not substitute efficacy 50/45 as harm denominators or display no events/safety.
Conditions for verification: Separate existing caution wording from actual harm counts; unverified information is not safety or absence of events.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid treating available efficacy material as verified safety
Application exceptions: Caution wording differs from actual adverse-event collection. Do not reuse efficacy denominators for harm incidence or fill missing event/withdrawal counts with 0.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N34 · What is known about medication interactions, rare/long-term harms and special populations?

Current findings: Retain the existing guidance against stopping lipid-lowering medication, and about gastrointestinal discomfort and possible anticoagulant/antiplatelet interactions. Causality and frequency of actually observed interactions, and long-term/vulnerable-population harms, remain separately unverified.
Verification status: Unverified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Possibility-based guidance differs from established arm-specific events or interaction risks.
Reason for missing information: Drug-specific, long-term/rare/vulnerable-population harms, onset/recovery and independent event material remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Original hypoglycemia/gastrointestinal, anticoagulant/antiplatelet, concomitant-treatment, long-term/vulnerable-population harm material
Materials to obtain first: Original hypoglycemia/gastrointestinal, anticoagulant/antiplatelet, concomitant-treatment, long-term/vulnerable-population harm material
Further research: Material needed: Original hypoglycemia/gastrointestinal, anticoagulant/antiplatelet, concomitant-treatment, long-term/vulnerable-population harm material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not inherit the caution label as a new safety assessment, causal conclusion or personal medication-change instruction.
Conditions for verification: Retain only the original caution level without certifying causal interactions, incidence or long-term safety.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to separate general cautions from actually observed harms
Application exceptions: Do not display possible-interaction cautions as observed causal interactions. Do not extend 10-week efficacy material into certification of rare/long-term harms or vulnerable-population safety.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N35 · How are actual generic English wording and historical English corrections preserved?

Current findings: The 2026-09-14 correction says that 2 generic English evidence-table fields were replaced with specific English. However, both reports' English sample, funding, endpoint, result and weighting fields still contain generic sentences in the current original. Both originals were preserved.
Verification status: Met
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: This condition concerns preservation of current English literals and historical correction reports. Residual generic English and the full 2026-09-14 correction are preserved without inferring specific English or a new translation, meeting that preservation scope. Historical corrected versions, field correspondence and omission details remain unverified.
Reason for missing information: The actual historical English correction version, field correspondence and a separate translation-correction event remain unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Specific Korean results, generic English fields, full correction originals, currently selected original and authority for translation changes
Materials to obtain first: Specific Korean results, generic English fields, full correction originals, currently selected original and authority for translation changes
Further research: Material needed: Specific Korean results, generic English fields, full correction originals, currently selected original and authority for translation changes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Generic English does not independently validate specific Korean numbers; no new English numbers are written into the original.
Conditions for verification: Retain both current English literals and historical correction reports without inferring specific English exists or performing a correction of the original translation in this work.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to avoid conflating a reported correction with actual current content
Application exceptions: A correction record does not prove current specific English exists. Retain specific Korean values and generic English wording separately; translation/criteria correction requires a separate authorized event.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N36 · How is the bibliographic NCT string distinguished from the unverified original registration field?

Current findings: Direct bibliographic NCT02666807, unverified direct-trial registration and unverified review registration are each retained. A registration entrance built from a bibliographic string is not a link whose current response/original identity was verified.
Verification status: Partly verified
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Different verification levels of original fields are retained, but registration-content comparison/field correction was not performed.
Reason for missing information: External comparison of registration identity/contents, versions, endpoints and times remains unverified.
Required materials and conditions: Direct bibliographic NCT, original registration value, external registration identity/version and comparison history
Materials to obtain first: Direct bibliographic NCT, original registration value, external registration identity/version and comparison history
Further research: Material needed: Direct bibliographic NCT, original registration value, external registration identity/version and comparison history. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Do not replace the registration field with the bibliographic ID or describe unverified information as nonregistration.
Conditions for verification: Separate string existence from registration-content verification without arbitrarily harmonizing the original registration field.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to preserve different states for exact bibliographic links and planning comparison
Application exceptions: An unverified original registration field and a bibliographic NCT string are different verification levels. Do not replace them with a convenient single value or add a completed-registration-reading badge.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02

N37 · Were the existing C50, all axes, original dates/URLs and historical review labels retained?

Current findings: The current original C50, Caution, all axes, final Korean/English values, dates/corrections, URLs, empty subclaims and blank deliberation were retained exactly in the preserved original. Its Codex independent-cross-check wording is a historical label, not current clinical validation.
Verification status: Met
Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.
Why unverified: Original-byte preservation and the distinction between historical values and current condition status were directly checked. C50 did not automatically upgrade condition statuses.
Reason for missing information: No original-text/score change in this work. External independent clinical review or formal-assessment certification was not performed.
Required materials and conditions: Grade/score/safety, boolean/empty axis values, Korean/English historical values, corrections, URL and original verification date
Materials to obtain first: Grade/score/safety, boolean/empty axis values, Korean/English historical values, corrections, URL and original verification date
Further research: Material needed: Grade/score/safety, boolean/empty axis values, Korean/English historical values, corrections, URL and original verification date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
Remaining uncertainty: Source-hash checks do not establish clinical truth or independent expert validation.
Conditions for verification: Preserve the whole original exactly without inheriting historical scores, axes or verification wording as current condition status, new conclusions or clinical certification.
Why this condition is needed: Needed to distinguish preservation of the original verdict from current gap-map statuses
Application exceptions: Retain the existing grade/score, false/blank axis values, original URLs and dates. Do not display historical Codex independent cross-checks as current independent clinical validation.
Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.

Related sources S01 S02