# Aged garlic extract 2.4-7.2 g/day × Reduction of ex vivo platelet aggregation Verdict 3066 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: 2026-10-05 Original evidence review date: 2026-09-08 Review-criteria version: 1.1 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-26 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The scope mainly concerns healthy adults. S01 records a total sample of 34 people, but actual eligibility, baseline characteristics, sex, age and arm-specific analysis denominators remain unverified. S02’s healthy-male information is not transferred to S01. - Ingredient, formulation and route: Oral AGE capsules from aged Allium sativum L. clove extract. Product, manufacture/batch, aging process, SAC specification and actual administered material remain unverified. Other garlic preparations are not interchangeable. - Dose: The nominal dose list is 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 g/day. A partial reduction in collagen-induced aggregation is described, but the corresponding dose, concentration and time point remain unverified. It is not attributed to the highest dose. - Comparator: The selected collagen response compares oral AGE with placebo. Actual placebo composition, common management, between-arm contrast, analysis population and parallel/crossover structure remain unverified. - Measured outcome: The endpoint is collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Only the direction of partial reduction is recorded; whether the measure is maximum aggregation or threshold and the analysis cell remain unverified. Units, concentration, specimen processing, formal estimates and P/CI are also unverified. - Duration: Only a short-term scope with durations differing across trials is recorded. S01’s exact duration and interval from last dose to blood draw/testing remain unverified. - Questions outside this scope: Original C, 46 points, Warning and assessment axes are historical values of the broad parent verdict. No separate grade, score or effect is created for the selected collagen question.; S01’s 34 people are not divided into dose-arm, specimen or response-specific analysis counts or added as independent people across three tables of the same trial.; S02’s 1995 garlic preparation has unverified AGE formulation identity and matching measure and concentration. No significant oral effect does not establish an effect of 0, equivalence or direct refutation of identical AGE.; The S03 review’s 12 RCTs, 595 people and 6 positive trials describe its overall summary. Selected AGE/collagen trials and inclusion/overlap of S01/S02 remain unverified; the review is not added as new independent trials or people.; The specimen collagen response does not establish thrombosis prevention, thrombolysis, aspirin replacement or bleeding safety. Long-term persistence, optimal dose, harms and vulnerable groups are extension questions requiring separate direct material. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Is the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation linked as a separate question and distinguished from the original broad verdict? Verification status: Met Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original wording is reduced ex vivo platelet aggregation, and subclaims is an empty array. This table covers only the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. C, 46 points and all axes are historical values of the broad parent. - Why unverified: For this narrow record-boundary criterion, the original claim, empty array, agonist distinction and formal derived assignment are linked. This does not establish clinical efficacy. - Reason for missing information: No new individual grade or score is created; the separate grade remains unrecorded. - Required materials and conditions: A record linking the original verdict claim, empty subclaims, derived question and parent verdict - Materials to obtain first: A record linking the original verdict claim, empty subclaims, derived question and parent verdict - Further research: If the boundary changes, redefine the agonist, measure and comparison as a new question and preserve the previous version. - Conditions for verification: Retain the original wording, identify the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation as a separate target, and state that the derived ID is not an original array index. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents biologically different agonist responses from being combined into one estimate or a new grade. - Application exceptions: Only this item evaluates the recorded boundary. Other items requiring actual dose, denominator and estimate material are assessed separately. - Remaining uncertainty: No new individual grade or score is created; the separate grade remains unrecorded. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N02 · Are S01's actual AGE formulation and SAC specification verified for the collagen comparison? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original claim conditions describe AGE capsules and unverified trial-specific SAC specifications. Raw garlic, garlic powder, oil, allicin, black garlic, fermented garlic and isolated SAC are not interchangeable. - Why unverified: The nominal AGE capsule formulation is recorded, but actual product, batch and SAC specifications remain to be verified. - Reason for missing information: Product and SAC specifications remain unverified in the retained material. - Required materials and conditions: Original product name, aging process, capsule content, batch SAC specification and actual administration data - Materials to obtain first: Original product name, aging process, capsule content, batch SAC specification and actual administration data - Further research: In controlled studies with matching products and batches, link the administered substance and ingredient specifications to the analysis cell. - Conditions for verification: Link the actual AGE capsule product and ingredient specifications to the exposure used for collagen analysis. - Why this condition is needed: Even the same extract name does not make raw garlic, powder, oil or isolated SAC interchangeable with AGE. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Product and SAC specifications remain unverified in the retained material. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N03 · Is the 1995 garlic preparation the same formulation as the AGE exposure in this collagen question? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S02's title refers to a garlic preparation and a small sample of healthy men. The retained summary does not specify whether the preparation was aged, its product or specifications. The 1995 report also lists collagen and summarizes no significant oral effect. However, AGE formulation identity and matching measure and concentration remain unverified. - Why unverified: S02 supplies related context, but original material confirming the same exposure as AGE is absent. - Reason for missing information: Unverified formulation identity is not a judgment about significance or worldwide absence of research. - Required materials and conditions: Actual ingredients, processing, product and specifications of the 1995 preparation and a mapping to S01 AGE - Materials to obtain first: Actual ingredients, processing, product and specifications of the 1995 preparation and a mapping to S01 AGE - Further research: After checking formulation identity, compare whether the collagen measure matches; retain a separate preparation question if identity differs. - Conditions for verification: Actual material must verify formulation and ingredient identity between the 1995 garlic preparation and S01 AGE. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents another garlic preparation from being promoted to direct AGE replication or refutation. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Unverified formulation identity is not a judgment about significance or worldwide absence of research. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S02 ### N04 · Are the baseline status, eligibility and demographics of the actual collagen analysis population verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The claim conditions mainly concern healthy adults and treat antiplatelet co-use separately. S01 is summarized only as 34 people, without arm-specific demographics or baseline characteristics. S02's healthy-male information is not inherited by S01. - Why unverified: The original scope mainly concerns healthy adults, but S01's actual selection and arm-specific baseline data remain unverified. - Reason for missing information: Age, sex, baseline platelet values and selection remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: S01 arm-specific age, sex, baseline platelet function, eligibility/exclusions and medication-use tables - Materials to obtain first: S01 arm-specific age, sex, baseline platelet function, eligibility/exclusions and medication-use tables - Further research: In studies reporting baseline characteristics, compare selection and arm balance alongside the collagen results. - Conditions for verification: Link actual collagen specimen population characteristics and eligibility to S01's analysis population. - Why this condition is needed: A title-level description of mainly healthy adults cannot establish representation of a particular patient or co-medication group. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Age, sex, baseline platelet values and selection remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N05 · Are the nominal dose list and the actual dose and intake for the collagen result linked? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original dose list is 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 g/day. The 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 g/day values are the trial's dose list. The partial collagen reduction is not linked to a particular dose, concentration or time point, so it is not attributed to the highest dose. - Why unverified: The dose list and a narrative clue for the selected response exist, but actual intake and result-cell mapping remain unverified. - Reason for missing information: Actual intake, arm-specific adherence and the exact dose cell for the positive/weak signal remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific planned doses, actual intake, adherence data and dose mapping for the collagen result cell - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific planned doses, actual intake, adherence data and dose mapping for the collagen result cell - Further research: After obtaining dose-specific comparison tables, analyze planned collagen dose comparisons separately from actual intake. - Conditions for verification: Link each actual dose to its collagen result, comparator and time point; a nominal list alone does not establish a particular cell. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents automatic attribution of a shared dose list or another agonist's dose signal to this result. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Actual intake, arm-specific adherence and the exact dose cell for the positive/weak signal remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N06 · Are exposure duration and the interval from the last dose to collagen blood collection and testing verified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The claim conditions describe only short-term exposure with durations differing across trials. S01's actual duration, blood-draw timing and interval from the last dose are absent. - Why unverified: The short-term description alone cannot establish the required actual timeline. - Reason for missing information: Exact trial-specific duration and blood-draw/testing time remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: S01 start/end dates, actual weeks of exposure, last-dose/blood-draw interval and testing time - Materials to obtain first: S01 start/end dates, actual weeks of exposure, last-dose/blood-draw interval and testing time - Further research: In comparisons with a defined timeline, record pre/post exposure and last-dose intervals under the same conditions. - Conditions for verification: Verify actual exposure duration and blood-draw/testing intervals by arm for the selected collagen analysis. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents short-term wording from becoming a specific number of weeks or a pharmacokinetic testing time. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact trial-specific duration and blood-draw/testing time remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N07 · Are the placebo's actual composition and common management verified for the collagen comparison? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The claim conditions name placebo as comparator, and S01 is described as a placebo dose-ranging trial. Actual placebo composition, diet and arm-specific common management data are absent. - Why unverified: Nominal placebo control is identified, but actual composition, schedule and common management remain to be verified. - Reason for missing information: Placebo composition and common management remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Placebo composition, dosing schedule, diet/management and arm differences - Materials to obtain first: Placebo composition, dosing schedule, diet/management and arm differences - Further research: In placebo comparisons with matching management, examine arm-specific management changes in relation to collagen results. - Conditions for verification: Link placebo composition, schedule, common management and the actual comparison of interest to arm-specific data. - Why this condition is needed: A placebo label alone cannot establish that AGE was the only difference. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Placebo composition and common management remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N08 · Are the actual randomization, blinding and design procedures verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01 is described as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial. Actual sequence generation/concealment, parallel/crossover structure and blinding assessment data are absent. - Why unverified: The summary classifies the design, but actual conduct has not been verified. - Reason for missing information: Design structure, allocation/concealment, baseline balance and maintained blinding remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Methods for sequence generation/concealment, parallel/crossover structure, blinding maintenance and baseline balance - Materials to obtain first: Methods for sequence generation/concealment, parallel/crossover structure, blinding maintenance and baseline balance - Further research: After comparing methods, assess allocation and specimen evaluation blinding according to the actual design. - Conditions for verification: Link S01's actual design, allocation/concealment and blinding methods to the collagen results. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents a randomized double-blind summary from being read as proof of no allocation error. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Design structure, allocation/concealment, baseline balance and maintained blinding remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N09 · Can information on concomitant drugs, diet, adherence and exposure deviations affecting the collagen difference be verified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original population scope treats antiplatelet co-use separately and gives safety warnings. S01's actual co-medication, adherence, rescue/discontinuation data remain unverified. - Why unverified: Background-risk warnings exist but do not replace actual arm-specific exposure records. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific co-exposure, adherence and deviations in relation to the effect of interest remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific anticoagulants/antiplatelets, diet, rescue treatment, adherence/discontinuation and analysis handling - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific anticoagulants/antiplatelets, diet, rescue treatment, adherence/discontinuation and analysis handling - Further research: In comparisons recording actual co-medication and deviations, review them according to the effect of interest and analysis handling. - Conditions for verification: Link actual co-exposure, adherence, deviations and their handling to the collagen result population. - Why this condition is needed: This keeps simultaneous exposures affecting platelet function separate from the selected intervention's contribution. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Arm-specific co-exposure, adherence and deviations in relation to the effect of interest remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N10 · Are the exact measure, unit and direction of the collagen result verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01's selected clue is a partial reduction in collagen-induced aggregation. Only the direction of partial reduction is recorded; whether the measure is maximum aggregation or threshold and the corresponding analysis cell remain unverified. The representative endpoint in the claim conditions broadly includes maximum aggregation or threshold. - Why unverified: A directional or threshold clue exists, but the unit, definition and original analysis cell remain to be verified. - Reason for missing information: The exact measure, unit, threshold definition and analysis cell remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original collagen result tables, threshold/maximum-aggregation definitions, units and positive cells - Materials to obtain first: Original collagen result tables, threshold/maximum-aggregation definitions, units and positive cells - Further research: Fix the collagen measure and unit from the original result table before comparing between-arm results on the same measure. - Conditions for verification: Link the selected collagen measure, unit and direction to the original table without substituting another measure. - Why this condition is needed: Agonists and measures represent different analyses; the aggregation label alone does not imply the same effect. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: The exact measure, unit, threshold definition and analysis cell remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N11 · Are collagen concentration, specimen processing, equipment and repeated-specimen structure verified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original material summarizes agonist-specific ex vivo aggregation but does not give collagen concentration, specimen processing, equipment or specimen repeat counts. - Why unverified: Without actual analysis conditions, effects of concentration or assay method cannot be compared. - Reason for missing information: Concentration, specimen preparation, equipment, measurement window and repeated-specimen counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Agonist concentration, PRP/specimen processing, equipment, measurement time and repeat/specimen identifiers - Materials to obtain first: Agonist concentration, PRP/specimen processing, equipment, measurement time and repeat/specimen identifiers - Further research: Specify matching concentration, specimen processing and assay methods, and design comparisons accounting for within-person repeats. - Conditions for verification: Verify the concentration, specimen/equipment and repeat structure of the selected collagen response. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents assuming that participant counts equal specimen counts or concentration-specific repeats. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Concentration, specimen preparation, equipment, measurement window and repeated-specimen counts remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N12 · Which between-arm contrast and analysis population does the selected collagen value estimate? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01's result is a directional summary of a partial reduction in collagen-induced aggregation. Whether it is a within-arm change or a placebo comparison, end value/change, ITT/PP or adjusted/unadjusted model is unverified in the current material. - Why unverified: The directional summary lacks the required formal contrast and analysis definition. Valid unadjusted comparisons are allowed; adjustment is not universally required. - Reason for missing information: Between-arm estimate, analysis population, model and repeat-handling definitions remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Baseline change/end values, between/within-arm comparisons, ITT/PP, models and dose/concentration-specific repeat handling - Materials to obtain first: Baseline change/end values, between/within-arm comparisons, ITT/PP, models and dose/concentration-specific repeat handling - Further research: Compare the original analysis or an appropriate comparison model specifying the between-arm contrast; retain within-arm change separately. - Conditions for verification: Verify the actual analysis, denominator, model and measure definition for the between-arm contrast of interest. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents converting a directional summary into a formal placebo contrast or adjusted effect. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Between-arm estimate, analysis population, model and repeat-handling definitions remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N13 · Can the original 34 people be distinguished from dose-specific collagen allocation, measurement and analysis denominators? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01 reports n as 34 people. Whether this is recruitment, allocation, completion or analysis and each arm's collagen analysis count remain unverified. Three tables share the same 34-person trial. - Why unverified: The reported 34 people are identified, but actual dose/endpoint denominators are absent. They were not filled by division or addition. - Reason for missing information: Allocation, completion and analysis stages and arm/concentration-specific person/specimen counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Flow of total recruitment/allocation, dose/control-specific measured/analyzed people and specimen counts - Materials to obtain first: Flow of total recruitment/allocation, dose/control-specific measured/analyzed people and specimen counts - Further research: Compare person/specimen identifier flow and state the analysis unit and arm-specific denominators. - Conditions for verification: Use actual material to distinguish the original 34-person sample description from dose/control and collagen analysis denominators. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents dividing a shared trial total into dose/endpoint analysis n or adding it across three tables. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Allocation, completion and analysis stages and arm/concentration-specific person/specimen counts remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N14 · Are missingness, losses, failed measurements and their handling verified for the collagen analysis? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: Beyond 34 people, the current evidence table has no actual loss, specimen-failure or analysis-exclusion counts or handling. Generic English sample-size wording is not actual denominator data. - Why unverified: Loss/missingness data are absent, so handling cannot be verified; losses were not filled as 0. - Reason for missing information: Loss counts, reasons, handling and sensitivity analyses remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Dose-arm loss reasons, specimen/result missingness, analysis exclusions, imputation/sensitivity analyses - Materials to obtain first: Dose-arm loss reasons, specimen/result missingness, analysis exclusions, imputation/sensitivity analyses - Further research: Review how missingness affects the contrast of interest using original data recording the types of omission. - Conditions for verification: Link selected collagen measurement/analysis losses and their handling to the actual flow. - Why this condition is needed: The 34-person count and directional summary cannot establish that everyone was measured and analyzed. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Loss counts, reasons, handling and sensitivity analyses remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N15 · Are the formal collagen effect estimate, variance, P value and confidence interval verified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The selected direction is a partial reduction in collagen-induced aggregation, but actual arm values, SD/SE, P and CI are absent from current evidence/citation summaries. No new difference, variance or interval is calculated. - Why unverified: Numerical data needed for the estimate and precision are absent, so verification is not possible. - Reason for missing information: Arm values, SD/SE, formal estimate, P, CI and denominators remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Dose/concentration/time-specific arm values, SD/SE, between-arm estimate, P/CI and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Dose/concentration/time-specific arm values, SD/SE, between-arm estimate, P/CI and denominators - Further research: Obtain original estimates and intervals on the same collagen measure to compare magnitude and uncertainty. - Conditions for verification: Link the formal collagen estimate and variance/interval to the corresponding analysis cell. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents partial reduction or a weak signal from establishing magnitude, precision or significance. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Arm values, SD/SE, formal estimate, P, CI and denominators remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N16 · Do the registered/protocol/SAP prespecified collagen endpoint and report agree? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01's registration field says not verified. Original plans, registration number, SAP and time-specific prespecified collagen definitions are absent. Non-acquisition does not establish non-registration or selective reporting. - Why unverified: Without prior planning material, adherence to the actual plan cannot be checked. - Reason for missing information: Registration/SAP identity and planned endpoints/analyses remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: S01 actual registration identifier, protocol, SAP, dates/versions and analysis hierarchy - Materials to obtain first: S01 actual registration identifier, protocol, SAP, dates/versions and analysis hierarchy - Further research: Compare dated plans and result tables to distinguish prespecified from post hoc analyses of the selected response. - Conditions for verification: Compare prespecified collagen endpoints, doses, concentrations, time points and analyses with results. - Why this condition is needed: Planning material is needed to examine possible selection of favorable findings among multiple agonists. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Registration/SAP identity and planned endpoints/analyses remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N17 · Are the testing scope and adjustment for multiple doses, agonists, concentrations/time points verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The manuscript notes multiple doses and agonists in the positive trial; S01's evidence weight notes multiplicity and a small sample. Actual test counts, concentration/time lists and adjustment status are absent. - Why unverified: Multiplicity is identified as a limitation, but the actual hierarchy, testing family and handling remain unverified. - Reason for missing information: Prespecified hierarchy, complete test list and adjustment/reporting methods remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Testing family, prespecified primary/secondary endpoints, all analysis tables and multiplicity handling - Materials to obtain first: Testing family, prespecified primary/secondary endpoints, all analysis tables and multiplicity handling - Further research: Examine multiple contrasts and selective reporting in plan-based analyses disclosing all results. - Conditions for verification: Verify the selected collagen result's hierarchy within all testing and its actual handling. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents multiple responses from one shared trial from becoming independent confirmations. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Prespecified hierarchy, complete test list and adjustment/reporting methods remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N18 · Can the reported collagen direction be verified down to the actual measure and dose cell? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01 and S01's citation summary indicate a partial reduction in collagen-induced aggregation. The 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 g/day values are the trial's dose list. The partial collagen reduction is not linked to a particular dose, concentration or time point, so it is not attributed to the highest dose. Only the direction of partial reduction is recorded; whether the measure is maximum aggregation or threshold and the corresponding analysis cell remain unverified. - Why unverified: The direction is retained, but numerical results and conditions for all cells have not been verified. - Reason for missing information: The exact positive/weak-signal cell and results in the remaining cells remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: All favorable/no-difference/unfavorable cells of the selected response and exact analysis locations - Materials to obtain first: All favorable/no-difference/unfavorable cells of the selected response and exact analysis locations - Further research: Compare all prespecified collagen dose/concentration cells, including cells without favorable results. - Conditions for verification: Retain the original direction while verifying its collagen measure, dose, concentration and time-point cell. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents a positive direction from becoming a claim of effects at every dose and concentration. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: The exact positive/weak-signal cell and results in the remaining cells remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N19 · Is S02's null collagen result verified as the same AGE and measure comparison? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S02 lists collagen as an endpoint and describes no significant oral effect. The 1995 report also lists collagen and summarizes no significant oral effect. However, AGE formulation identity and matching measure and concentration remain unverified. Formal values, P/CI and denominators are also unverified. - Why unverified: An opposing related report exists, but direct refutation using the same AGE and measure remains unverified. - Reason for missing information: Correspondence of formulation, measure, concentration, population, duration and formal estimate remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: S02 formulation, population, concentration, measure, formal estimate, denominator and P/CI - Materials to obtain first: S02 formulation, population, concentration, measure, formal estimate, denominator and P/CI - Further research: Compare positive/opposing original tables by formulation and measure; do not interpret nonsignificance as an effect of 0 or equivalence. - Conditions for verification: Verify whether S02's collagen comparison uses the selected AGE formulation and matching measure/concentration; compare the scope of its original no-difference estimate. - Why this condition is needed: This retains opposing results without erasing unverified identity. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Correspondence of formulation, measure, concentration, population, duration and formal estimate remains unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S02 ### N20 · Are the AGE/collagen original trials and results in the 2022 review verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S03 summarizes 12 RCTs and 595 people, with 6 positive and the rest null; heterogeneity prevents a firm conclusion. Individual formulations, agonists and inclusion of S01/S02 are absent from the retained material. - Why unverified: The review's overall scope and directional heterogeneity are recorded, but the trial list matching this response remains unverified. - Reason for missing information: Selected AGE/collagen trial counts, participant counts and original-table mappings remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Review included-trial table and mapping of formulation, agonist, dose, population and endpoint to original results - Materials to obtain first: Review included-trial table and mapping of formulation, agonist, dose, population and endpoint to original results - Further research: Compare included trials with original reports, separate formulation/response-specific results and identify participant overlap. - Conditions for verification: Distinguish the review's directly relevant AGE/collagen trials using the actual included-trial table. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents reusing 12 RCTs and 595 people as the direct trials/denominator for this specific AGE response. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Selected AGE/collagen trial counts, participant counts and original-table mappings remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S03 ### N21 · Are independent replication and unique participant counts for the same collagen/AGE question verified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01 is a shared 34-person trial. S02's AGE identity and S03's included-trial relationships remain unverified. The 34 and 595 people are not added, and three tables are not counted as three independent trials. - Why unverified: Material establishing matching replication and unique participant counts is absent. - Reason for missing information: Unique direct replication and participant counts remain unrecorded. - Required materials and conditions: Report/original-trial/cohort, included-trial overlap and response-specific analysis mapping - Materials to obtain first: Report/original-trial/cohort, included-trial overlap and response-specific analysis mapping - Further research: After checking actual study families and included-trial overlap, examine replication of the same collagen question. - Conditions for verification: Verify matching formulation, response and comparison relationships for unique trials/participants using actual linking material. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents counting the shared 34-person trial, a related-preparation trial and a review as independent replications or unique-participant totals. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Unique direct replication and participant counts remain unrecorded. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N22 · Are important-difference and interpretation criteria justified for this collagen measure? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The selected manuscript response is a partial reduction in collagen-induced aggregation, without important-difference criteria, assay reproducibility or CI data. No arbitrary MCID, minimum n or required weeks are created. - Why unverified: Without importance criteria and precision data, adequacy cannot be verified. - Reason for missing information: The relationship between important-difference rationale, measurement variation and intervals remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Measure-specific prespecified important difference, assay reproducibility/variation, rationale and original intervals - Materials to obtain first: Measure-specific prespecified important difference, assay reproducibility/variation, rationale and original intervals - Further research: Specify reproducibility and a justified important difference for the measure, then compare them with formal estimates and intervals. - Conditions for verification: Verify the important-difference rationale for the selected measure together with the reported interval. - Why this condition is needed: A weak/partial direction without numbers cannot establish an important or sufficient effect. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: The relationship between important-difference rationale, measurement variation and intervals remains unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N23 · Is the boundary between the selected ex vivo collagen response and clinical thrombosis/bleeding events distinguished? Verification status: Met Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original explanation states that clinical thrombosis and bleeding were not measured, and its advertising guidance excludes thrombosis prevention, thrombolysis, aspirin replacement and bleeding-safety claims. Only the selected collagen experimental response is covered. - Why unverified: This item asks about the established endpoint boundary. Experimental response and clinical events are separated; clinical efficacy is not established. - Reason for missing information: Clinical-event effects and safety are not established by this table's experimental endpoint. - Required materials and conditions: A record linking the experimental endpoint to the scope of clinical-event/alternative-treatment claims - Materials to obtain first: A record linking the experimental endpoint to the scope of clinical-event/alternative-treatment claims - Further research: If clinical events are the question, examine them in separate comparisons with suitable populations, follow-up and event collection. - Conditions for verification: Keep the selected experimental endpoint separate from unmeasured clinical thrombosis/bleeding questions. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents a specimen response from becoming thrombosis prevention, thrombolysis, aspirin replacement or bleeding safety. - Application exceptions: Clinical-event trials are not universally required to verify the narrow experimental response. Clinical extension claims need separate direct material. - Remaining uncertainty: Clinical-event effects and safety are not established by this table's experimental endpoint. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N24 · Is the current scope of PAF, arachidonic acid and other responses distinguished from the collagen result? Verification status: Met Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original crux distinguishes ADP, collagen, epinephrine and arachidonic acid. S02 includes PAF, but its AGE identity is unverified. Direct AA results are not linked in the 3 evidence/3 citation entries. These gaps remain in related PAF/arachidonic acid questions and the parent context. - Why unverified: This item asks about distinguishing the current reporting scope. Adjacent responses and result gaps are retained without adding them to the selected collagen estimate. - Reason for missing information: This does not prove worldwide absence of research or an effect of 0 for PAF/AA. - Required materials and conditions: Current agonist-specific report lists, unverified PAF formulation identity and the AA result gap - Materials to obtain first: Current agonist-specific report lists, unverified PAF formulation identity and the AA result gap - Further research: When new original material for each response appears, define formulation, measure, concentration and comparator separately and examine it in a separate table version. - Conditions for verification: Keep S02 PAF as context with unverified identity and AA as a result gap named only in the crux; do not combine them with the selected response. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents transferring adjacent agonist names or another preparation's results to the selected collagen result. - Application exceptions: This criterion checks only the current reporting scope. Successful distinction here does not satisfy actual PAF/AA material requirements. - Remaining uncertainty: This does not prove worldwide absence of research or an effect of 0 for PAF/AA. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N25 · Is there direct material on optimal dose, long-term persistence and collagen response after discontinuation? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original exposure is short-term and varies by trial; only a partial reduction in collagen-induced aggregation is retained. Direct long-term, post-withdrawal and optimal-dose material is absent. - Why unverified: The original dose-ranging direction and short-term material cannot answer extension questions. - Reason for missing information: Long-term/withdrawal follow-up, optimal-dose comparisons and interactions remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Prespecified between-dose comparisons, exposure/withdrawal follow-up, long-term collagen results and interactions - Materials to obtain first: Prespecified between-dose comparisons, exposure/withdrawal follow-up, long-term collagen results and interactions - Further research: If persistence or dose optimization is the objective, design separate prespecified dose comparisons and withdrawal/long-term follow-up. - Conditions for verification: Verify direct comparison and follow-up material matching the extension question. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents some short-term multi-dose directions from becoming an optimal-dose or persistent-effect claim. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Long-term/withdrawal follow-up, optimal-dose comparisons and interactions remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01 ### N26 · Are actual bleeding, adverse-event and discontinuation collection data verified for the same AGE exposure? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original safety category is Warning, concerning unsupervised use with anticoagulants, antiplatelets, bleeding disorders and around surgery. Actual bleeding-event counts, collection, discontinuations and denominators are absent from the evidence table. - Why unverified: The warning scope is identified, but actual event-collection and harm-estimate data remain unverified. - Reason for missing information: Harm diagnosis, collection, timeline, denominators and discontinuation data remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Event definitions, active/spontaneous collection, timing, exposure/denominators, severity and discontinuation tables - Materials to obtain first: Event definitions, active/spontaneous collection, timing, exposure/denominators, severity and discontinuation tables - Further research: For harm questions, examine separate material with event definitions, collection systems and appropriate follow-up. - Conditions for verification: Link actual harm events, collection methods, exposure duration, denominators and discontinuation outcomes to the same population/exposure. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents platelet responses or warning sentences from becoming actual adverse-event collection results or safety certification. - Application exceptions: Separate this experimental aggregation comparison from actual harms. Unverified event material does not mean 0 adverse events, safety or absence of experimental results. - Remaining uncertainty: Harm diagnosis, collection, timeline, denominators and discontinuation data remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N27 · Is direct harm information verified for anticoagulant/antiplatelet co-use, bleeding disorders and surgical populations? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The manuscript warns these groups and treats antiplatelet co-use separately. Actual harm comparisons, denominators and long-term follow-up for each group are absent from the retained evidence table. - Why unverified: The caution scope exists, but direct vulnerable-group material is absent, so harm magnitude or safety cannot be verified. - Reason for missing information: Direct material on vulnerable-group, co-medication/long-term harms and interactions remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Exposure, baseline risk, duration, harm events and comparison material in vulnerable/co-medication groups - Materials to obtain first: Exposure, baseline risk, duration, harm events and comparison material in vulnerable/co-medication groups - Further research: For co-medication/vulnerable-group questions, use suitable separate comparison/follow-up designs recording baseline risk and actual exposure. - Conditions for verification: Verify direct exposure/event material and interaction information for each relevant group. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents extrapolating responses mainly from healthy adults to safety in high-risk populations. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Direct material on vulnerable-group, co-medication/long-term harms and interactions remains unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N28 · Are actual funding, product support and employment/COI disclosures verified for the collagen material? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01 records unverified product-support details, S02 unverified funding, and S03 academic research with mixed original-trial funding. Actual employment, product provision, COI wording and original-trial funding are absent. - Why unverified: Unverified support details cannot establish independence or absence of conflicts. - Reason for missing information: Product support, authors/institutions, COI and review original-trial funding remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original S01/S02 funding, product support, author employment/patents/COI and S03 included-trial material - Materials to obtain first: Original S01/S02 funding, product support, author employment/patents/COI and S03 included-trial material - Further research: Compare original disclosures and interpret results separately from study families and product support. - Conditions for verification: Check actual disclosures and product-support scope separately for each report/original trial. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents an original independent-summary label or academic-research wording from establishing independent funding or no product provision. - Application exceptions: This criterion requires actual material verification for the collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation. Values for other agonists, formulations or doses, or successful preservation, do not replace the required actual material. - Remaining uncertainty: Product support, authors/institutions, COI and review original-trial funding remain unverified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N29 · Are study-family and review-recitation relationships for the three reports and shared collagen results stated? Verification status: Met Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: S01 PMID 11238801 is one multi-dose/response trial. S02 PMID 8582091 reports another garlic preparation; S03 PMID 36222178 is a 12-RCT review. Actual review inclusion remains unverified. - Why unverified: This item asks for an honest verified/unverified distinction in family attribution records. Direct independent replication counts remain unverified in the separate unique-replication criterion. - Reason for missing information: Unverified review/original-trial inclusion and unique-participant totals are retained. - Required materials and conditions: Verified/unverified relationships among 3 reports, PMID/DOI, shared trials and review inclusion - Materials to obtain first: Verified/unverified relationships among 3 reports, PMID/DOI, shared trials and review inclusion - Further research: Compare original trial identifiers with included-trial tables and update links when new overlap relationships are found. - Conditions for verification: Record the shared 34-person S01 trial, related S02 preparation, S03 review and uncertain inclusion relationships separately. - Why this condition is needed: Bibliographic record counts must be distinguished from independent study counts. - Application exceptions: This evaluates only the distinction of recorded relationships. Success does not establish direct replication or unique study counts. - Remaining uncertainty: Unverified review/original-trial inclusion and unique-participant totals are retained. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N30 · Are the original broad C46, all axes and the English-placeholder correction event preserved? Verification status: Met Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: Original C, 46 points, B/S/R0/I1/EX/B2/CX and empty subclaims/deliberation are preserved. The original verdict-review date is 2026-09-08 and the correction event is 2026-09-14. The correction describes replacing English placeholders, but some current evidence English remains generic verification wording. These strings are also retained and are not used as actual n/P/CI. - Why unverified: This item asks about preserving original values and the correction event. Complete original material and types are retained without creating effects, grades or English clinical values. - Reason for missing information: The correction event and original review date are not report-specific full-text access dates. - Required materials and conditions: The complete original record, both languages, axes, empty arrays/strings and original correction location/date - Materials to obtain first: The complete original record, both languages, axes, empty arrays/strings and original correction location/date - Further research: For future corrections, separate the before-text, event, new version and reason, then compare related observations/conditions. - Conditions for verification: Preserve original grade/score/axes, both languages and correction wording in their original types; create no separate collagen grade. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents using historical scores to determine condition status or promoting generic verification English into actual analysis values. - Application exceptions: This is a preservation criterion and does not satisfy unverified clinical-material requirements in other items. - Remaining uncertainty: The correction event and original review date are not report-specific full-text access dates. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N31 · Are the original review date, correction date and current review scope distinguished? Verification status: Met Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The original review date is 2026-09-08 and the correction date is 2026-09-14. Original search-cut-off and report-specific access-date/reading-scope fields are absent. This review date is 2026-10-05; all current inputs were read without new external searches or full-text reading. - Why unverified: This item asks about date/scope labeling. Different events are distinguished and absent individual access dates remain unrecorded. - Reason for missing information: No latest comprehensive literature search or verification of worldwide research absence was performed. - Required materials and conditions: Original verdict-review date, correction event, currently read inputs and records of absent cut-off/access fields - Materials to obtain first: Original verdict-review date, correction event, currently read inputs and records of absent cut-off/access fields - Further research: If new material is permitted, add search/access/review dates and actual locations as separate events. - Conditions for verification: Distinguish local retained-record conversion from historical review/correction; do not infer absent cut-off or access dates. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents backdating actual individual access or a latest search cut-off to the historical review date. - Application exceptions: This criterion labels the sheet’s scope. It does not establish a successful new search or resolution of clinical gaps. - Remaining uncertainty: No latest comprehensive literature search or verification of worldwide research absence was performed. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N32 · Are current local-summary reading and unread external gateways/full texts distinguished by material? Verification status: Met Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: The complete current retained source, Korean/English, 3 evidence entries, 3 citations and 1 correction were read locally. Access, acquisition and reading of PubMed gateways, DOI links and original-paper full texts were not attempted. Report-specific historical reading-scope/date fields are absent. - Why unverified: This item asks about actual current-action records. Local summaries and unread external material are separated; fields lacking original server metadata remain unrecorded. - Reason for missing information: Current provision/access status of external physical originals has not been verified. - Required materials and conditions: Exact input locations/identity and actual actions for PubMed, DOI and full-text materials - Materials to obtain first: Exact input locations/identity and actual actions for PubMed, DOI and full-text materials - Further research: For permitted new reading, separately record material type, version, success/failure, sections read, original location and identity. - Conditions for verification: Link local retained-record reading to actual locations; keep external material as not attempted/unread with false flags. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents an external link or historical verification wording from becoming current full-text reading. - Application exceptions: External access not attempted is not access failure. Satisfying this recording criterion is separate from satisfying clinical-material requirements. - Remaining uncertainty: Current provision/access status of external physical originals has not been verified. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ### N33 · Is the remaining scope of external original-table, method and registration comparison stated? Verification status: Met Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. - Current findings: Selected collagen values, specimen conditions, denominators and original-plan comparisons remain unverified in the retained material. Local item-specific condition/observation review was completed, but no new comparison with external original tables, methods or registration was performed. - Why unverified: This item evaluates only the statement of remaining comparison scope. Retained locations and unperformed external comparisons are distinguished; actual material requirements in preceding items remain unverified. - Reason for missing information: This is not original-clinical-paper certification, execution of official methods or a latest search. - Required materials and conditions: collagen original result tables, methods/appendices, actual registration/SAP identity and currently uncompared locations - Materials to obtain first: collagen original result tables, methods/appendices, actual registration/SAP identity and currently uncompared locations - Further research: If new external comparison is authorized, distinguish material acquisition from analysis methods and update each item according to actual results. - Conditions for verification: Distinguish retained locations actually read from unread external original tables/methods/registration. - Why this condition is needed: This prevents retained-record self-review from being read as original-paper/official-method execution or independent clinical certification. - Application exceptions: This recording criterion states current review scope. Unperformed review is not promoted to a verified clinical comparison or safety. - Remaining uncertainty: This is not original-clinical-paper certification, execution of official methods or a latest search. No new values, denominators, CI, P or grade calculations/reassessment. - Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, funding and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap’s own application. - Related sources: S01, S02, S03 ## Evidence and sources ### S01 Steiner M, Li W. J Nutr. 2001;131:980S-984S. PMID: 11238801. DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.3.980S. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11238801/) Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. Findings recorded in the summary: The retained S01 summary describes a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial in 34 people. The nominal dose list is 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 g/day, with only short-term exposure varying across trials retained; the exact S01 duration is unverified. The selected clue is a partial reduction in collagen-induced aggregation. Only the direction of partial reduction is recorded; whether the measure is maximum aggregation or threshold and the analysis cell remain unverified. The 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 g/day values are the trial’s dose list. The partial collagen reduction is not linked to a particular dose, concentration or time point, so it is not attributed to the highest dose. Actual arm-specific collagen n, values, P/CI, concentration, variance and plans/analyses remain unverified. Product-support details and NCT are retained as unverified. Record level: Direction and scope from the retained summary. The formal selected collagen estimate, CI, denominator and original result cell remain unverified. Independent replication: S01 contains multiple doses and responses from the same 34-person trial. S02 reports another preparation with unverified AGE identity; S03 is a review. Actual review inclusion, overlap with S01/S02 and unique direct trial/participant counts for the selected collagen response remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Retained verdict summary | Retained verdict summary read | Retained copy acquired; summary read | Stored existing review summary read | Relevant retained summary, evidence and citation content was read. This is not the original clinical paper’s bytes or full text. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | External PubMed bibliographic/abstract gateway | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | This is the retained PubMed link. Its current response, abstract provision/content and public access were not checked. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | External DOI/publisher gateway | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | This is the retained DOI link. Its current response, publisher provision, original-text version and public access were not checked. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | Original paper full text; direct location/version unverified | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | The original paper’s direct physical location, version, provision, public availability, acquisition and actual reading remain unverified. No direct URL is invented. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | ### S02 1995 clinical trial. PMID: 8582091. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02032.x. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8582091/) Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. Findings recorded in the summary: The retained S02 summary describes a small sample of healthy men in a double-blind placebo trial. The actual preparation is identified only as a garlic preparation; AGE identity, exact n, duration, dose and variance/CI remain unverified. Endpoints are ADP, PAF and collagen; the result is no significant in vivo oral effect. The 1995 report also lists collagen and summarizes no significant oral effect. However, AGE formulation identity and matching measure and concentration remain unverified. Funding and registration remain unverified. Record level: Direction and scope from the retained summary. The formal selected collagen estimate, CI, denominator and original result cell remain unverified. Independent replication: S01 contains multiple doses and responses from the same 34-person trial. S02 reports another preparation with unverified AGE identity; S03 is a review. Actual review inclusion, overlap with S01/S02 and unique direct trial/participant counts for the selected collagen response remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Retained verdict summary | Retained verdict summary read | Retained copy acquired; summary read | Stored existing review summary read | Relevant retained summary, evidence and citation content was read. This is not the original clinical paper’s bytes or full text. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | External PubMed bibliographic/abstract gateway | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | This is the retained PubMed link. Its current response, abstract provision/content and public access were not checked. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | External DOI/publisher gateway | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | This is the retained DOI link. Its current response, publisher provision, original-text version and public access were not checked. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | Original paper full text; direct location/version unverified | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | The original paper’s direct physical location, version, provision, public availability, acquisition and actual reading remain unverified. No direct URL is invented. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | ### S03 2022 systematic review. PMID: 36222178. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7556. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36222178/) Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific condition/application records were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted. Findings recorded in the summary: The retained S03 summary describes a systematic review of 12 RCTs and 595 people, with 6 positive and the rest null; heterogeneity prevents a firm conclusion. It is described as academic research with mixed original-trial funding. Original trials/unique denominators for the selected AGE/collagen question and inclusion of S01/S02 remain unverified. The review is not added as a new trial or newly recruited participants. Record level: Direction and scope from the retained summary. The formal selected collagen estimate, CI, denominator and original result cell remain unverified. Independent replication: S01 contains multiple doses and responses from the same 34-person trial. S02 reports another preparation with unverified AGE identity; S03 is a review. Actual review inclusion, overlap with S01/S02 and unique direct trial/participant counts for the selected collagen response remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Retained verdict summary | Retained verdict summary read | Retained copy acquired; summary read | Stored existing review summary read | Relevant retained summary, evidence and citation content was read. This is not the original clinical paper’s bytes or full text. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | External PubMed bibliographic/abstract gateway | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | This is the retained PubMed link. Its current response, abstract provision/content and public access were not checked. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | External DOI/publisher gateway | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | This is the retained DOI link. Its current response, publisher provision, original-text version and public access were not checked. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | | Original paper full text; direct location/version unverified | External access not attempted; not acquired; unread | External access not attempted; not acquired | Not read | The original paper’s direct physical location, version, provision, public availability, acquisition and actual reading remain unverified. No direct URL is invented. A report linked to retained summaries and citations. External gateways, full texts, registration, protocols and analysis plans remain unread, with access not attempted in this conversion. The displayed material date is the case-record review date. Original verdict review, correction and case review dates are not historical access dates for individual external materials or search cut-offs. Historical external access dates and reading scope are unrecorded; external access was not attempted in this conversion. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Met: The stated retained information, reading, attribution or counting boundary was checked within limits. This does not certify efficacy, safety, full-text reading or reassessment. - Partly verified: Some retained information was checked, but material or conditions required by the criterion remain unverified. - Unverified: The criterion cannot be established in the retained record. This does not mean 0 studies, an effect of 0 or absence of harm. - Not applicable: This is limited to a specific application exception. It does not substitute for unread material. - Review incomplete: Remaining comparison work and its reason are stated separately. This is distinguished from unverified material. ## Change history 2026-10-26 · Public page/materials 1.0. The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 33 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.