# Raw or heat-treated ginger powder, 2 g/day × Reduction of muscle pain 24 hours after eccentric exercise

Verdict 3055 · Evidence Check

Stored-material review date: 2026-10-06  
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-08  
Review-criteria version: 1.0  
Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-25

Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect.

## Assessment scope

- Population: Healthy adult volunteers; the original samples are 34 and 40, with formulation mapping, per-arm randomized/analyzed/completed counts and selection/training details unverified
- Ingredient, formulation and route: Oral heat-treated ginger-rhizome powder capsules from Zingiber officinale; heat-treatment temperature, time and process, batch gingerol/shogaol content and actual content remain unverified
- Dose: Nominally 2 g/day; dosing frequency, exercise day and interval from the last dose to assessment remain unverified
- Comparator: Matching placebo; composition, sensory matching, actual use and co-intervention details remain unverified
- Measured outcome: Pain intensity 24 hours after eccentric elbow-flexor exercise; the scale, absolute unit and preregistered hierarchy remain unverified
- Duration: 11 days of dosing; only 24-hour pain is selected within 3 days of postexercise follow-up
- Questions outside this scope: Adding the raw formulation as independent replication, placebo for heat-treated powder, or a comparison establishing formulation superiority or equivalence; Combining 48- or 72-hour pain, strength, ROM, CK or inflammatory markers into the same result; Treating a single-dose crossover trial as the same regimen as repeated dosing; Extending to guaranteed exercise recovery, prevention of muscle injury, or other patient or training populations; Establishing an optimal dose, persistence after stopping, long-term effects or specific subgroup effects; Substituting foods, extracts, essential oils, topical or combination products, or other doses; Establishing overall safety, causal harms, incidence, personal dosing or replacement of exercise-injury treatment

## Checklist items

### N01 · Which heat-treated ginger-powder capsule comparison was selected as this sheet's single question?

Verification status: Met  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The selected comparison is heat-treated ginger-powder capsules, 2 g/day for 11 days, versus matching placebo for pain intensity 24 hours after eccentric elbow-flexor exercise. The original claim is ‘reduction of muscle pain 24 hours after eccentric exercise’; the original subclaim list is empty, and the parent is the original verdict.
- Why unverified: Met means that the retained record, selected boundary and limited identity of the derived question are linked. It does not establish sufficient efficacy evidence or full-text verification.
- Reason for missing information: The complete paper and registration defining the regimen remain unread in this work; no new grade is assigned to either formulation.
- Required materials and conditions: The current retained record and final boundary selection, with locations of formulation-specific results; later confirmation of formulation and comparator in the original protocol.
- Materials to obtain first: The current retained record and final boundary selection, with locations of formulation-specific results; later confirmation of formulation and comparator in the original protocol.
- Further research: Material needed: The current retained record and final boundary selection, with locations of formulation-specific results; later confirmation of formulation and comparator in the original protocol. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Link the selected formulation, oral 2 g/day, 11 days, healthy adults, placebo and 24-hour pain, while distinguishing the parent question, other formulation and original arrays.
- Why this condition is needed: The parent question describes heat-treated and raw formulations together, so attribution of the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule result needs to be traced as a separate question.
- Application exceptions: This formulation-specific comparison is a derived question identifier, not an index in the original subclaim list. The other formulation is not deleted, and no new clinical score is assigned.
- Remaining uncertainty: The complete paper and registration defining the regimen remain unread in this work; no new grade is assigned to either formulation.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N02 · Is the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule result being counted as replication by two independent research teams?

Verification status: Met  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The S01 design is recorded as 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments by the same team. The central explanation explicitly describes two experiments in the same paper, team and protocol. S02 is a separate single-dose crossover report.
- Why unverified: Met applies to preserving the verified report/family relationship. It does not mean the total number of unique trials or participant overlap has been resolved.
- Reason for missing information: Actual registration identifiers, denominator stages and participant overlap between the two experiments, and overlap with S02, remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Protocols, registration, participant overlap and recruitment periods for the two experiments, plus a map linking related reports.
- Materials to obtain first: Protocols, registration, participant overlap and recruitment periods for the two experiments, plus a map linking related reports.
- Further research: Material needed: Protocols, registration, participant overlap and recruitment periods for the two experiments, plus a map linking related reports. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Link the original statement that S01 contains two experiments in one paper by the same team to the different S02 regimen, leaving unconfirmed total unique participants unverified.
- Why this condition is needed: Reports, experiments and team independence need to be distinguished so that the two sheets are not read as a count of independent replications.
- Application exceptions: S01 contains two experiments, but this sheet selects one formulation versus placebo. The samples of 34/40 are not summed into unique participants, and overlap with S02 is not inferred.
- Remaining uncertainty: Actual registration identifiers, denominator stages and participant overlap between the two experiments, and overlap with S02, remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01, S02

### N03 · What material was actually read when preparing the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule sheet?

Verification status: Met  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: All Korean/English text, intervention/population details, assessment axes, 2 evidence summaries, 2 bibliography entries, 1 correction and the original empty arrays in the current retained summary were read. The material read was the local summary; external clinical literature was not read in this work.
- Why unverified: Met applies to the recorded acquisition and reading of the local summary and its exact source locations.
- Reason for missing information: No current reading of the original abstract, full text, registration or protocol/SAP.
- Required materials and conditions: The current retained summary, original source locations and identity, actual review date and separate material-specific access records.
- Materials to obtain first: The current retained summary, original source locations and identity, actual review date and separate material-specific access records.
- Further research: Material needed: The current retained summary, original source locations and identity, actual review date and separate material-specific access records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Read all Korean/English text, intervention/population details, axes, evidence, bibliography and corrections in the retained original summary, linking the locations and source identity.
- Why this condition is needed: It is necessary to distinguish actual reading of the local summary from reading the original abstract or full text.
- Application exceptions: Reading the retained English summary is not reading the full English paper. Summary-reading links point to the retained source location and identity.
- Remaining uncertainty: No current reading of the original abstract, full text, registration or protocol/SAP.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01, S02

### N04 · Do the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule PubMed and DOI links also establish current reading of those materials?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The two original PubMed URLs and DOIs are retained. Current external access was not attempted, and material was neither acquired nor read. Exact full-text files, registration URLs and protocol/SAP material also remain unverified.
- Why unverified: Current external access, identity and content have not been verified for each material. Local-summary reading remains separately identified.
- Reason for missing information: Current external responses, abstracts/full texts, registration and planning content remain unverified; there is no basis to classify access as unavailable.
- Required materials and conditions: Actual acquired original/abstract, registration and protocol/SAP files, with success/failure, version and reading-date records.
- Materials to obtain first: Actual acquired original/abstract, registration and protocol/SAP files, with success/failure, version and reading-date records.
- Further research: Material needed: Actual acquired original/abstract, registration and protocol/SAP files, with success/failure, version and reading-date records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Distinguish entry points constructed from original bibliography URLs and DOIs from unacquired full text, registration and plans for each material. Do not label unattempted access as failed access.
- Why this condition is needed: Providing a safe link must not be mistaken for reading an abstract/full text or confirming that registration exists.
- Application exceptions: External links are not visited in this work. An unidentified registration does not establish that the trial was unregistered or that registration is absent.
- Remaining uncertainty: Current external responses, abstracts/full texts, registration and planning content remain unverified; there is no basis to classify access as unavailable.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01, S02

### N05 · How were the healthy adults contributing to the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule result selected?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The retained population is healthy adult volunteers in samples of 34 and 40. Specific age, sex, training status and recruitment conditions are not linked to heat-treated ginger-powder capsules by formulation in the local summary.
- Why unverified: Healthy adult volunteers are identified, while selection and representativeness details remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Formulation-specific age, sex, training, recruitment, inclusion/exclusion and baseline balance remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Eligibility, recruitment setting, baseline characteristics, training status and formulation-specific population tables for each experiment.
- Materials to obtain first: Eligibility, recruitment setting, baseline characteristics, training status and formulation-specific population tables for each experiment.
- Further research: Material needed: Eligibility, recruitment setting, baseline characteristics, training status and formulation-specific population tables for each experiment. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Distinguish the verified description of healthy adult volunteers from unverified age, sex, exercise training, recruitment and exclusion details.
- Why this condition is needed: The label healthy adults does not establish applicability to all ages, training levels or patients with injuries.
- Application exceptions: The original samples of 34 and 40 describe populations; they are not assigned as the analysis denominator for this formulation.
- Remaining uncertainty: Formulation-specific age, sex, training, recruitment, inclusion/exclusion and baseline balance remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N06 · How much of the actual formulation and ingredient specification of heat-treated ginger-powder capsules is verified?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original intervention description groups raw-powder and heat-treated-powder capsules together, while the original result distinguishes heat-treated ginger-powder capsules: 23%, −0.57 SD, P=.049. Heat-treatment temperature, time and process and batch gingerol/shogaol content remain unverified in the retained summary.
- Why unverified: The selected formulation and attribution of the original result are identified, while complete product, processing and active-specification matching remains unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Heat-treatment temperature, time and process, batch gingerol/shogaol content, actual content, batch and capsule specifications remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Product/batch and raw-material specifications, heat-treatment temperature, time and process, batch gingerol/shogaol content and actual content per capsule for the selected experiment.
- Materials to obtain first: Product/batch and raw-material specifications, heat-treatment temperature, time and process, batch gingerol/shogaol content and actual content per capsule for the selected experiment.
- Further research: Material needed: Product/batch and raw-material specifications, heat-treatment temperature, time and process, batch gingerol/shogaol content and actual content per capsule for the selected experiment. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Identify heat-treated ginger-powder capsules as a distinct formulation, retaining uncertainty about heat-treatment temperature, time and process, batch gingerol/shogaol content, purity and actual capsule content.
- Why this condition is needed: Even with the same 2 g label, heat-treated ginger-powder capsules cannot be substituted by raw ginger-powder capsules, food, extracts or essential oils.
- Application exceptions: Nominal powder mass is not converted into an active-ingredient dose, and another formulation's result does not replace batch verification.
- Remaining uncertainty: Heat-treatment temperature, time and process, batch gingerol/shogaol content, actual content, batch and capsule specifications remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N07 · What are the 2 g/day, 11-day dosing and exercise/assessment schedules for heat-treated ginger-powder capsules?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The selected heat-treated ginger-powder capsule regimen is oral 2 g/day for 11 days. The retained duration also describes 3 days of postexercise follow-up, with pain at 24 hours designated as the principal endpoint. The exact exercise day, dosing frequency and interval from the last dose remain unverified.
- Why unverified: Nominal dose, route, duration and selected follow-up time are known, while actual logs and schedule details remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Exercise workload, dosing start/end, daily frequency and the last-dose/assessment interval remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Formulation-specific dosing logs, capsule frequency, first/last dose, exercise workload and assessment-time protocol.
- Materials to obtain first: Formulation-specific dosing logs, capsule frequency, first/last dose, exercise workload and assessment-time protocol.
- Further research: Material needed: Formulation-specific dosing logs, capsule frequency, first/last dose, exercise workload and assessment-time protocol. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Link nominal oral 2 g/day for 11 days to the selected 24-hour assessment within 3 days of postexercise follow-up, without inferring the exact dosing/exercise schedule.
- Why this condition is needed: It is necessary to avoid confusing single dosing with 11-day repeated dosing or replacing treatment duration with follow-up duration.
- Application exceptions: Do not fill in a particular exercise day within the 11 days from outside the retained record. Timing of the single 2 g comparison remains separate context.
- Remaining uncertainty: Exercise workload, dosing start/end, daily frequency and the last-dose/assessment interval remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N08 · Which placebo was compared with heat-treated ginger-powder capsules, and in which direction?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The retained comparator is matching placebo. The original reader answer describes lower pain with heat-treated ginger-powder capsules than placebo. Placebo composition and taste, odor or capsule-matching details are not provided.
- Why unverified: The placebo comparison and direction are identified, while actual placebo specifications and sensory-matching verification remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Placebo composition, mass, form, sensory matching and actual use remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Composition, mass, capsule/taste/odor matching and actual allocated use of placebo in the relevant experiment.
- Materials to obtain first: Composition, mass, capsule/taste/odor matching and actual allocated use of placebo in the relevant experiment.
- Further research: Material needed: Composition, mass, capsule/taste/odor matching and actual allocated use of placebo in the relevant experiment. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Preserve the original direction of lower pain at 24 hours with the selected formulation versus matching placebo, while separately recording uncertainty about placebo composition and sensory matching.
- Why this condition is needed: It is necessary to avoid turning the result into a direct raw-versus-heat-treated comparison or an uncontrolled within-group change.
- Application exceptions: The raw ginger-powder capsule result is not used as placebo for heat-treated ginger-powder capsules. A matching label alone does not establish successful sensory blinding.
- Remaining uncertainty: Placebo composition, mass, form, sensory matching and actual use remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N09 · Which scale and procedures measured pain intensity at 24 hours for heat-treated ginger-powder capsules?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The retained principal endpoint is pain intensity 24 hours after eccentric elbow-flexor exercise, and the evidence endpoint is pain intensity 24 hours after exercise. The exact pain scale, setting and assessment range remain unverified in the retained material.
- Why unverified: The endpoint type and selected time are identified, while measurement units and procedures remain insufficiently specified.
- Reason for missing information: Pain-scale name, unit, range/direction, assessment setting and assessor details remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: The original pain scale, range/direction, resting/movement/palpation conditions, assessor and assessment-time report.
- Materials to obtain first: The original pain scale, range/direction, resting/movement/palpation conditions, assessor and assessment-time report.
- Further research: Material needed: The original pain scale, range/direction, resting/movement/palpation conditions, assessor and assessment-time report. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Specify pain intensity 24 hours after eccentric elbow-flexor exercise, describing unverified scale, range, conditions and assessor details.
- Why this condition is needed: Different scales, pain-provoking conditions or time points must not be combined as the same effect.
- Application exceptions: The original designation of 24 hours as the principal endpoint is separate from verification of a preregistered primary endpoint.
- Remaining uncertainty: Pain-scale name, unit, range/direction, assessment setting and assessor details remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N10 · Which measure, denominator and analysis do the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule reports represent?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original report attributed to heat-treated ginger-powder capsules is 23%, −0.57 SD, P=.049. The complete result also retains the other formulation's 25%, −0.78 SD, P=.041. The exact percentage denominator, formal SD measure, analysis population and CI remain unverified.
- Why unverified: Attribution of the selected formulation's numbers, sign and P to the placebo comparison is verified, while calculation, precision and analysis definitions remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Absolute units, means/variances, percentage calculation/denominator, SD definition, CI and analysis population remain unverified; no new comparative effect is calculated.
- Required materials and conditions: Formulation-specific original pain results at 24 hours, absolute means/variances, percentage denominator/calculation, the definition of the SD label and CI/analysis tables.
- Materials to obtain first: Formulation-specific original pain results at 24 hours, absolute means/variances, percentage denominator/calculation, the definition of the SD label and CI/analysis tables.
- Further research: Material needed: Formulation-specific original pain results at 24 hours, absolute means/variances, percentage denominator/calculation, the definition of the SD label and CI/analysis tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Preserve 23%, −0.57 SD, P=.049 as the original report for this formulation versus placebo. Do not fill in formal percentage/SD measures, calculation, absolute units or CI.
- Why this condition is needed: The two formulations' 25%/23%, SD and P must not be exchanged or interpreted as direct formulation superiority.
- Application exceptions: Do not rename SD as SMD without evidence, combine percentages with SD, or subtract another formulation's value.
- Remaining uncertainty: Absolute units, means/variances, percentage calculation/denominator, SD definition, CI and analysis population remain unverified; no new comparative effect is calculated.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N11 · Among the samples of 34 and 40, what are the randomized, analyzed and completed denominators for heat-treated ginger-powder capsules?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The evidence sample-size field reports ‘34 and 40’, and the retained population also reports 34 and 40. Which sample belongs to raw or heat-treated powder, and whether it represents randomization, analysis or completion, is not specified by formulation.
- Why unverified: The two reported sample-size strings are identified, while selected formulation/per-arm stages and missingness denominators remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Formulation mapping to 34/40, per-arm counts, analysis/completion, missingness/withdrawals, ITT/PP and CI remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Formulation-specific CONSORT flow, randomized/measured/analyzed/completed counts, withdrawal reasons and handling, and original result CI.
- Materials to obtain first: Formulation-specific CONSORT flow, randomized/measured/analyzed/completed counts, withdrawal reasons and handling, and original result CI.
- Further research: Material needed: Formulation-specific CONSORT flow, randomized/measured/analyzed/completed counts, withdrawal reasons and handling, and original result CI. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Retain the original samples of 34 and 40, distinguishing unverified formulation mapping, per-arm randomized/analyzed/completed/missing counts and CI.
- Why this condition is needed: Do not fill the selected effect's sample basis and precision using another formulation's sample or a completed-participant count.
- Application exceptions: Do not assign 34 to raw and 40 to heat-treated powder from source order, or generate a total, equal arm split or ITT population.
- Remaining uncertainty: Formulation mapping to 34/40, per-arm counts, analysis/completion, missingness/withdrawals, ITT/PP and CI remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N12 · What are the evidence date and actual verification scope of this heat-treated ginger-powder capsule conversion?

Verification status: Met  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original verdict date is 2026-09-08, and the correction record describes English evidence-table wording changes on 2026-09-14. This converts the fixed retained summary without new clinical searching, abstract/full-text reading, registration review or retraction checks.
- Why unverified: Met applies to separating the retained evidence date from the actual material scope in this work.
- Reason for missing information: Current existence and content of additional studies, retractions/corrections, unpublished material or registration after the retained date remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: The retained review date, current input identity, actual actions in this work and later authorized search/correction/retraction-check records.
- Materials to obtain first: The retained review date, current input identity, actual actions in this work and later authorized search/correction/retraction-check records.
- Further research: Material needed: The retained review date, current input identity, actual actions in this work and later authorized search/correction/retraction-check records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Distinguish the original verdict date from this review date, accurately recording that new searching, retraction/correction and registration checks were not performed.
- Why this condition is needed: The retained-summary conversion must not be presented as a current complete literature or registration search.
- Application exceptions: No search in this work does not mean 0 studies. A historical verdict date is not inherited as a current external-access date.
- Remaining uncertainty: Current existence and content of additional studies, retractions/corrections, unpublished material or registration after the retained date remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01, S02

### N13 · How much is verified about funding, product support and author interests in the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule experiments?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: S01 records research funding from the McCormick Science Institute and two experiments by the same team. Product support, employment/patents and declared COI details remain unverified, as do product/funding details for S02.
- Why unverified: The stated funding/team relationship is identified, while original interest-specific statements and further independence details remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: S01 product support, author employment/roles, patents and COI details, and S02 funding/product details remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Original funding, product-support, author-role/employment, patent and COI statements, with institutional/family links.
- Materials to obtain first: Original funding, product-support, author-role/employment, patent and COI statements, with institutional/family links.
- Further research: Material needed: Original funding, product-support, author-role/employment, patent and COI statements, with institutional/family links. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Retain McCormick Science Institute support and the same-team relationship, separately recording unverified product support, employment, patents and declared COI.
- Why this condition is needed: Recorded support must not automatically exclude the result or turn another formulation's result into independent funding or independent-team replication.
- Application exceptions: Preserve the historical description of industry support without assigning a new bias grade or an exact bias magnitude.
- Remaining uncertainty: S01 product support, author employment/roles, patents and COI details, and S02 funding/product details remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01, S02

### N14 · What were the actual allocation and concealment procedures for heat-treated ginger-powder capsules versus placebo?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: S01 is recorded as 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments by the same team. Sequence generation, concealment, group-structure details and baseline balance for the selected formulation are not verified in the local summary.
- Why unverified: The randomized/blinded/placebo design label is identified, while actual allocation implementation remains unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Formulation-specific group structure, sequence generation, concealment, baseline imbalance and implementation records remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Group structure, sequence generation, concealment, baseline balance and implementation records for the selected experiment.
- Materials to obtain first: Group structure, sequence generation, concealment, baseline balance and implementation records for the selected experiment.
- Further research: Material needed: Group structure, sequence generation, concealment, baseline balance and implementation records for the selected experiment. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Distinguish the recorded randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design from unverified formulation-specific design, sequence generation, concealment and baseline tables.
- Why this condition is needed: An RCT label alone must not be taken to resolve allocation or confounding issues.
- Application exceptions: Do not inherit the S02 crossover design into S01 or automatically fill in parallel/crossover details for S01 while they remain unverified.
- Remaining uncertainty: Formulation-specific group structure, sequence generation, concealment, baseline imbalance and implementation records remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N15 · Can adherence, co-interventions and rescue-analgesic differences between heat-treated ginger-powder capsule and placebo groups be distinguished?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The 2 g/day, 11-day regimen and placebo comparison are recorded, but specific information about actual adherence, concomitant medicines, rescue analgesics, exercise deviations and their handling for this formulation is not verified in the retained summary.
- Why unverified: Actual per-arm use, concurrent interventions and changes are unavailable, so conformity with this condition cannot be determined.
- Reason for missing information: Adherence, co-interventions, rescue analgesics, exercise-workload changes, deviations and their analytical impact remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Per-arm dosing adherence, exercise implementation, diet/other supplements, rescue analgesics, changes/deviations and their analytical handling.
- Materials to obtain first: Per-arm dosing adherence, exercise implementation, diet/other supplements, rescue analgesics, changes/deviations and their analytical handling.
- Further research: Material needed: Per-arm dosing adherence, exercise implementation, diet/other supplements, rescue analgesics, changes/deviations and their analytical handling. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Link actual formulation-specific dosing/exercise adherence, co-interventions/analgesics and deviation handling to observed pain.
- Why this condition is needed: Differences in concurrent treatment or exercise workload must not be attributed to the powder effect.
- Application exceptions: Missing information does not mean co-interventions/rescue treatments were absent or identical between arms.
- Remaining uncertainty: Adherence, co-interventions, rescue analgesics, exercise-workload changes, deviations and their analytical impact remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N16 · Who was blinded during subjective pain assessment for heat-treated ginger-powder capsules, and were sensory differences checked?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: S01 is labelled double-blind with matching placebo. Who was blinded, sensory-matching verification, assessor/analyst conditions and blinding-success assessment remain unverified in the retained material.
- Why unverified: The blinding label is identified, while roles and implementation directly relevant to pain measurement remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Role-specific blinding, sensory matching/success assessment and pain assessor/procedure details remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Participant/assessor/analyst blinding by role, taste/odor/capsule differences, blinding assessment and measurement procedures.
- Materials to obtain first: Participant/assessor/analyst blinding by role, taste/odor/capsule differences, blinding assessment and measurement procedures.
- Further research: Material needed: Participant/assessor/analyst blinding by role, taste/odor/capsule differences, blinding assessment and measurement procedures. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Distinguish the double-blind label from actual verification of participant/assessor roles, sensory matching and blinding success.
- Why this condition is needed: Expectancy and measurement differences can affect interpretation of subjective pain, so the actual blinded roles need to be identified.
- Application exceptions: Unverified blinding is not confirmed blinding failure, and a matching-placebo label does not replace a success assessment.
- Remaining uncertainty: Role-specific blinding, sensory matching/success assessment and pain assessor/procedure details remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N17 · Does the reported heat-treated ginger-powder capsule effect represent an assignment effect or an adherence effect?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The 23%, −0.57 SD, P=.049 report concerns lower pain with the selected formulation than placebo. Analysis population, ITT/PP, assignment/adherence effect, repeated-measures model, adjustment and missing-data handling details remain unverified.
- Why unverified: The effect report is retained, while the effect of interest and analysis definition are not specified by the current input.
- Reason for missing information: ITT/PP, analysis population/model, repeated measures, adjustment, missing-data handling and the exact estimand remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Planned/actual analysis populations, ITT/PP definitions, formulation-specific models, adjustment, repeated measures and original missing-data handling tables.
- Materials to obtain first: Planned/actual analysis populations, ITT/PP definitions, formulation-specific models, adjustment, repeated measures and original missing-data handling tables.
- Further research: Material needed: Planned/actual analysis populations, ITT/PP definitions, formulation-specific models, adjustment, repeated measures and original missing-data handling tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Specify ITT/PP, analysis population, repeated-measures/between-group comparisons and adjustment/missing-data handling only to the extent verified, retaining unknowns.
- Why this condition is needed: Even the same P value must not transfer results from different analyses or populations as the same effect.
- Application exceptions: Generic English denominator/result wording that mentions separation or verification does not establish actual ITT or model verification.
- Remaining uncertainty: ITT/PP, analysis population/model, repeated measures, adjustment, missing-data handling and the exact estimand remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N18 · Can uncertainty and importance of the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule pain difference at 24 hours be assessed?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: Heat-treated ginger-powder capsules are reported as 23%, −0.57 SD, P=.049, but CI, scale-specific MID and absolute pain differences are absent from the retained summary. The original explanation/grade historically describes a moderate-or-larger effect exceeding its threshold; this review does not newly certify that assessment.
- Why unverified: Material directly comparing CI, the effect definition and important-difference criteria remains unverified.
- Reason for missing information: CI, variance/units, MID, important-difference criteria/evidence and formulation-specific denominators remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Formulation-specific effect CI, scale-specific variance, analysis denominator, MID/important-difference evidence and the effect definition.
- Materials to obtain first: Formulation-specific effect CI, scale-specific variance, analysis denominator, MID/important-difference evidence and the effect definition.
- Further research: Material needed: Formulation-specific effect CI, scale-specific variance, analysis denominator, MID/important-difference evidence and the effect definition. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Relate precision and importance only when verified CI, variance and justified important-difference criteria are available. Do not determine sufficiency from P or a historical effect-size description.
- Why this condition is needed: A significant P, an SD label or a description of a small sample must not create a new sufficiency/precision verdict.
- Application exceptions: Do not impose common minimum participant, trial or duration thresholds, or recalculate CI from SD/P.
- Remaining uncertainty: CI, variance/units, MID, important-difference criteria/evidence and formulation-specific denominators remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N19 · Were the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule endpoint at 24 hours and its analysis specified in advance?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The retained principal-endpoint field and endpoint axis P are historical labels. Registration is recorded as unidentified; the prospective 24-hour hierarchy, SAP and corrections for multiple time points/formulation tests have not been verified in this work.
- Why unverified: No planning-versus-reporting comparison is available, so consistency of planned endpoints and analyses remains unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Registration identity, prospective registration date, protocol/SAP, the prospective primary endpoint at 24 hours, multiplicity and reasons for changes remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Exact trial registration, prospective protocol/SAP, endpoint/time/formulation testing hierarchy, multiplicity handling and reasons for changes.
- Materials to obtain first: Exact trial registration, prospective protocol/SAP, endpoint/time/formulation testing hierarchy, multiplicity handling and reasons for changes.
- Further research: Material needed: Exact trial registration, prospective protocol/SAP, endpoint/time/formulation testing hierarchy, multiplicity handling and reasons for changes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Confirm only portions actually compared between registration/protocol/SAP and reporting. Do not inherit the principal-endpoint field or P axis as confirmation of prospective planning.
- Why this condition is needed: The information gap needed to examine favorable time-point or analysis selection must remain visible.
- Application exceptions: Unidentified registration is not proof of an unregistered trial. PMID/DOI does not replace registration/SAP verification.
- Remaining uncertainty: Registration identity, prospective registration date, protocol/SAP, the prospective primary endpoint at 24 hours, multiplicity and reasons for changes remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N20 · Can the raw ginger-powder capsule result be read as independent reproduction of heat-treated ginger-powder capsules or a superiority comparison?

Verification status: Met  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The selected heat-treated ginger-powder capsule report is 23%, −0.57 SD, P=.049; the raw ginger-powder capsule report in the same S01 is 25%, −0.78 SD, P=.041. The central explanation describes two experiments in the same team/paper, and the advertising boundary does not permit a heat-treated superiority claim.
- Why unverified: Met applies to distinguishing verified formulation/team/report boundaries and limiting overinterpretation of replication or superiority.
- Reason for missing information: Direct same-formulation replication by other teams, direct comparison of the two formulations and unique-participant/experiment details remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Formulation-specific experiment regimens, direct head-to-head analyses and direct evidence for the same formulation from other teams.
- Materials to obtain first: Formulation-specific experiment regimens, direct head-to-head analyses and direct evidence for the same formulation from other teams.
- Further research: Material needed: Formulation-specific experiment regimens, direct head-to-head analyses and direct evidence for the same formulation from other teams. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Retain the other formulation's placebo comparison in the same paper/team as context, without adding it as independent-team direct replication of the selected formulation or a direct between-formulation effect.
- Why this condition is needed: Creating two sheets or having two different numbers does not establish independent replication or heat-treated superiority.
- Application exceptions: Do not subtract the two values to establish superiority or equivalence. Whether the original paper reported a direct comparison has not been verified in this work.
- Remaining uncertainty: Direct same-formulation replication by other teams, direct comparison of the two formulations and unique-participant/experiment details remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N21 · How does the single 2 g crossover trial S02 relate to the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule, 11-day question?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: S02 is a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial reporting 25 people and no clinically/statistically meaningful effect with a single 2 g dose. The Korean text says immediately before exercise, while the English says immediately around exercise. It is retained as a different regimen from 11-day repeated dosing.
- Why unverified: The separate report's negative observation and single-dose crossover regimen are identified, while actual formulation, timing, periods, analysis and interval estimates remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: S02 formulation, exact timing, washout/periods, assessment times, denominator stages, CI/equivalence criteria remain unverified; effect 0 is not established.
- Required materials and conditions: The exact S02 formulation, dosing/exercise timing, washout/periods, pain time points, analysis/CI and participant flow.
- Materials to obtain first: The exact S02 formulation, dosing/exercise timing, washout/periods, pain time points, analysis/CI and participant flow.
- Further research: Material needed: The exact S02 formulation, dosing/exercise timing, washout/periods, pain time points, analysis/CI and participant flow. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Retain the single/repeated dosing, timing and endpoint differences and the negative observation. Do not turn them into proof of no effect/equivalence or conflicting results under the same regimen.
- Why this condition is needed: The unfavorable observation must be retained while avoiding mixing a different regimen into direct replication of the selected formulation.
- Application exceptions: Do not infer the 25 people as each period's denominator, completers or formulation-specific counts. Retain the Korean immediately-before and English around wording without inventing harmonized exact timing.
- Remaining uncertainty: S02 formulation, exact timing, washout/periods, assessment times, denominator stages, CI/equivalence criteria remain unverified; effect 0 is not established.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01, S02

### N22 · Must this 24-hour question also establish the optimal dose of heat-treated ginger-powder capsules?

Verification status: Not applicable  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The selected question is heat-treated ginger-powder capsules, 2 g/day for 11 days, versus matching placebo for pain intensity 24 hours after eccentric elbow-flexor exercise. A direct optimal-dose estimate remains unverified in the retained material, and that extension is not added to the original claim.
- Why unverified: The obligation to require optimal-dose proof for the narrow question does not apply. This does not mean the material is unnecessary, absent or proof of no effect.
- Reason for missing information: Direct optimal-dose evidence and estimates remain unverified; separate mandatory review would apply if the scope is extended.
- Required materials and conditions: Direct formulation-specific dose comparisons and analysis/safety material, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen.
- Materials to obtain first: Direct formulation-specific dose comparisons and analysis/safety material, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen.
- Further research: Material needed: Direct formulation-specific dose comparisons and analysis/safety material, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Do not require proof of an optimal dose as mandatory for the narrow 24-hour, healthy-adult, 2 g/day for 11 days question. Separately retain that the relevant material remains unverified.
- Why this condition is needed: Do not automatically append an optimal-dose claim; retain the review scope of the selected 24-hour result.
- Application exceptions: Not applicable applies only to the obligation to require extension research as a prerequisite for the current result. Direct evidence remains unverified.
- Remaining uncertainty: Direct optimal-dose evidence and estimates remain unverified; separate mandatory review would apply if the scope is extended.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N23 · Must this question also establish long-term pain effects after stopping heat-treated ginger-powder capsules?

Verification status: Not applicable  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The selected question is heat-treated ginger-powder capsules, 2 g/day for 11 days, versus matching placebo for pain intensity 24 hours after eccentric elbow-flexor exercise. A direct estimate of persistence after stopping remains unverified in the retained material, and that extension is not added to the original claim.
- Why unverified: The obligation to require proof of persistence after stopping for the narrow question does not apply. This does not mean the material is unnecessary, absent or proof of no effect.
- Reason for missing information: Direct evidence and estimates of persistence after stopping remain unverified; separate mandatory review would apply if the scope is extended.
- Required materials and conditions: Post-discontinuation/long-term follow-up, exposure logs, time-specific pain estimates and missing-data material, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen.
- Materials to obtain first: Post-discontinuation/long-term follow-up, exposure logs, time-specific pain estimates and missing-data material, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen.
- Further research: Material needed: Post-discontinuation/long-term follow-up, exposure logs, time-specific pain estimates and missing-data material, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Do not require proof of persistence after stopping as mandatory for the narrow 24-hour, healthy-adult, 2 g/day for 11 days question. Separately retain that the relevant material remains unverified.
- Why this condition is needed: Do not automatically append a persistence-after-stopping claim; retain the review scope of the selected 24-hour result.
- Application exceptions: Not applicable applies only to the obligation to require extension research as a prerequisite for the current result. Direct evidence remains unverified.
- Remaining uncertainty: Direct evidence and estimates of persistence after stopping remain unverified; separate mandatory review would apply if the scope is extended.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N24 · Must this question also establish heat-treated ginger-powder capsule effects in particular age or training subgroups?

Verification status: Not applicable  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The selected question is heat-treated ginger-powder capsules, 2 g/day for 11 days, versus matching placebo for pain intensity 24 hours after eccentric elbow-flexor exercise. Direct estimates for particular subgroups remain unverified in the retained material, and that extension is not added to the original claim.
- Why unverified: The obligation to require proof of particular subgroup effects for the narrow question does not apply. This does not mean the material is unnecessary, absent or proof of no effect.
- Reason for missing information: Direct subgroup evidence and estimates remain unverified; separate mandatory review would apply if the scope is extended.
- Required materials and conditions: Prospective subgroup plans, composition/denominators, interaction tests and direct estimates, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen.
- Materials to obtain first: Prospective subgroup plans, composition/denominators, interaction tests and direct estimates, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen.
- Further research: Material needed: Prospective subgroup plans, composition/denominators, interaction tests and direct estimates, distinguished from material required for the current narrow regimen. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Do not require proof of particular subgroup effects as mandatory for the narrow 24-hour, healthy-adult, 2 g/day for 11 days question. Separately retain that the relevant material remains unverified.
- Why this condition is needed: Do not automatically append a particular-subgroup claim; retain the review scope of the selected 24-hour result.
- Application exceptions: Not applicable applies only to the obligation to require extension research as a prerequisite for the current result. Direct evidence remains unverified.
- Remaining uncertainty: Direct subgroup evidence and estimates remain unverified; separate mandatory review would apply if the scope is extended.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N25 · Is the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule pain result at 24 hours extended into guaranteed recovery or prevention of muscle injury?

Verification status: Not applicable  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The selected endpoint is pain intensity at 24 hours. The advertising boundary does not permit guaranteed exercise recovery or prevention of muscle injury and keeps other time points, strength, ROM and CK separate.
- Why unverified: The obligation to require recovery/injury-prevention proof for the narrow pain question does not apply, while direct clinical-extension evidence remains unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Direct clinical outcomes, denominators/duration and estimates for guaranteed recovery or injury prevention remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Direct clinical endpoints, duration/denominators, comparisons and precision if recovery or injury prevention is claimed.
- Materials to obtain first: Direct clinical endpoints, duration/denominators, comparisons and precision if recovery or injury prevention is claimed.
- Further research: Material needed: Direct clinical endpoints, duration/denominators, comparisons and precision if recovery or injury prevention is claimed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Distinguish pain intensity itself from the clinical questions of exercise recovery/injury prevention. Do not require a separate event trial as mandatory for the narrow pain result.
- Why this condition is needed: A symptom difference must not automatically be promoted to other functions, events or guarantees.
- Application exceptions: Not applicable applies only to the obligation to prove a separate clinical extension. Unverified recovery/prevention material is not changed into evidence of no effect.
- Remaining uncertainty: Direct clinical outcomes, denominators/duration and estimates for guaranteed recovery or injury prevention remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N26 · Which adverse events were collected, and how, in the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule experiment?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original safety label is Caution, with advice to consider gastrointestinal discomfort and medicine interactions. Actual AE definitions, collection methods, events/severity and discontinuation records for the selected formulation remain unverified in the retained summary.
- Why unverified: Direct information verifying actual harm observations and collection scope for this formulation is unavailable.
- Reason for missing information: AE definitions, collection method, events/severity, diagnosis, discontinuation and recovery remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Formulation-specific original AE definitions, systematic/spontaneous collection, diagnosis/severity and discontinuation tables and protocol.
- Materials to obtain first: Formulation-specific original AE definitions, systematic/spontaneous collection, diagnosis/severity and discontinuation tables and protocol.
- Further research: Material needed: Formulation-specific original AE definitions, systematic/spontaneous collection, diagnosis/severity and discontinuation tables and protocol. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Distinguish original caution wording from actual AE definitions, collection, severity and discontinuation in the relevant experiment. Do not infer that events were absent.
- Why this condition is needed: An efficacy summary or general caution must not replace actual event counts or establish safety.
- Application exceptions: Unverified information in the summary does not establish nonreporting throughout the original paper. Insufficient harm verification is not a reason to delete the retained efficacy report.
- Remaining uncertainty: AE definitions, collection method, events/severity, diagnosis, discontinuation and recovery remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N27 · Is the timing of heat-treated ginger-powder capsule exposure, harm onset, stopping and recovery verified?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The 11-day dosing and 3-day postexercise follow-up are recorded, but actual harm onset, stopping, recovery or rechallenge timelines are not linked in the retained summary.
- Why unverified: Efficacy dosing/follow-up time cannot substitute for the temporal sequence of an event.
- Reason for missing information: Event latency, onset/recovery, stopping, rechallenge and safety follow-up time remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Individual AE onset/recovery times, dosing logs, stopping/rechallenge and follow-up duration.
- Materials to obtain first: Individual AE onset/recovery times, dosing logs, stopping/rechallenge and follow-up duration.
- Further research: Material needed: Individual AE onset/recovery times, dosing logs, stopping/rechallenge and follow-up duration. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Distinguish dosing duration from actual event onset/latency, stopping, recovery and rechallenge. Temporal sequence alone does not establish causality.
- Why this condition is needed: The efficacy regimen of 11 days of dosing and 3 days of follow-up must not be converted into a complete harm timeline.
- Application exceptions: No event record does not mean latency, stopping or rechallenge did not occur.
- Remaining uncertainty: Event latency, onset/recovery, stopping, rechallenge and safety follow-up time remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N28 · Were adverse-event differences between heat-treated ginger-powder capsules and placebo directly compared?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: A matching-placebo efficacy comparison is recorded, but actual between-group adverse-event comparisons, differences and CI remain unverified in the current retained summary.
- Why unverified: Actual comparative harm results could not be examined.
- Reason for missing information: Formulation/placebo AE events, collection periods/methods and comparative estimates/CI remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Actual AE people/event counts, collection periods/methods, between-group estimates and CI for formulation/placebo arms.
- Materials to obtain first: Actual AE people/event counts, collection periods/methods, between-group estimates and CI for formulation/placebo arms.
- Further research: Material needed: Actual AE people/event counts, collection periods/methods, between-group estimates and CI for formulation/placebo arms. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Separate the efficacy placebo comparison from actual per-arm harm collection/estimation. Do not infer risk differences or incidence.
- Why this condition is needed: The placebo-controlled efficacy label must not be inherited as verification of a harm comparison.
- Application exceptions: The comparator may be known while harm tables remain unverified. Do not fill them with external background incidence.
- Remaining uncertainty: Formulation/placebo AE events, collection periods/methods and comparative estimates/CI remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N29 · Are there exposure denominators and event counts to calculate harm frequency for heat-treated ginger-powder capsules?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original samples of 34 and 40 are experiment sample-size strings with formulation mapping and denominator stages unverified. Actual people/event counts, formulation-specific exposure denominators and safety follow-up times are also unavailable.
- Why unverified: The numerator, exposure denominator and time are not linked, so direct harm frequency cannot be verified.
- Reason for missing information: AE people/event counts, formulation/per-arm exposure or safety-analysis denominators and time remain unverified; no incidence is calculated.
- Required materials and conditions: Formulation-specific exposure/safety-analysis counts, AE people and event counts, exposure time, follow-up losses and recruitment/reporting systems.
- Materials to obtain first: Formulation-specific exposure/safety-analysis counts, AE people and event counts, exposure time, follow-up losses and recruitment/reporting systems.
- Further research: Material needed: Formulation-specific exposure/safety-analysis counts, AE people and event counts, exposure time, follow-up losses and recruitment/reporting systems. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Use only reports linking formulation-specific exposure/safety-analysis denominators, people/event counts and time. Do not inherit 34/40 as harm denominators.
- Why this condition is needed: Reported trial sample sizes must not be misread as incidence denominators.
- Application exceptions: Do not use the 34/40 samples, whose efficacy mapping is itself unverified, as incidence denominators or add the single-dose trial's 25 people.
- Remaining uncertainty: AE people/event counts, formulation/per-arm exposure or safety-analysis denominators and time remain unverified; no incidence is calculated.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N30 · Are concomitant medicines, baseline conditions and other exposures that might explain harms with heat-treated ginger-powder capsules verified?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original text explicitly advises consideration of medicine interactions. Actual concomitant medicines, baseline symptoms, alternative explanations and adjustment in the relevant experiment remain unverified in the current summary.
- Why unverified: General caution alone cannot establish actual concurrent exposures or causal attribution within the trial.
- Reason for missing information: Co-interventions, baseline conditions, concurrent exercise/other exposures, alternative assessment and adjustment remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Concomitant medicines/supplements, baseline GI conditions, exercise workload/lifestyle exposures, alternative-explanation assessment and adjustment material.
- Materials to obtain first: Concomitant medicines/supplements, baseline GI conditions, exercise workload/lifestyle exposures, alternative-explanation assessment and adjustment material.
- Further research: Material needed: Concomitant medicines/supplements, baseline GI conditions, exercise workload/lifestyle exposures, alternative-explanation assessment and adjustment material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Attribute harms only to the extent actual concurrent exposures, baseline symptoms and alternative explanations/adjustment have been verified.
- Why this condition is needed: A general interaction caution must not be turned into an observed trial interaction or attribution to one exposure.
- Application exceptions: Unverified alternatives do not mean no alternative cause existed. Do not generate personal dosing instructions.
- Remaining uncertainty: Co-interventions, baseline conditions, concurrent exercise/other exposures, alternative assessment and adjustment remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N31 · What are the reporting selection, detection differences and follow-up losses in heat-treated ginger-powder capsule harm material?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The S01 summary records pain results but does not specify safety collection/selection, per-arm detection, follow-up losses or missing-data handling. This does not establish nonreporting throughout the complete paper.
- Why unverified: Direct selection, detection and missingness records could not be verified.
- Reason for missing information: AE collection/disclosure scope, per-arm detection, withdrawals and safety missing-data handling remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: AE collection tools, scope of complete event disclosure, per-arm detection/withdrawals and safety missing-data handling.
- Materials to obtain first: AE collection tools, scope of complete event disclosure, per-arm detection/withdrawals and safety missing-data handling.
- Further research: Material needed: AE collection tools, scope of complete event disclosure, per-arm detection/withdrawals and safety missing-data handling. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Verify collection/selection, disclosure of all events, per-arm detection and follow-up losses. Do not turn summary-level unknowns into absence of events.
- Why this condition is needed: Reporting a pain effect and completely reporting safety material are distinct facts.
- Application exceptions: Unverified possible bias is not converted into a definite bias magnitude or invalidation of the result.
- Remaining uncertainty: AE collection/disclosure scope, per-arm detection, withdrawals and safety missing-data handling remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N32 · Was the same harm with heat-treated ginger-powder capsules recorded in other independent material?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original record distinguishes two efficacy experiments by the same team from a single-dose crossover trial. Material verifying actual same-harm families or independent repetition for the selected formulation remains unverified in the current summary.
- Why unverified: Relationships between efficacy-report families alone cannot verify actual harm-replication relationships.
- Reason for missing information: Original harm material, event identity/overlap, independent families and contrary records remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Actual harm source material for the selected formulation, event/study families, independence/re-citation and contrary records.
- Materials to obtain first: Actual harm source material for the selected formulation, event/study families, independence/re-citation and contrary records.
- Further research: Material needed: Actual harm source material for the selected formulation, event/study families, independence/re-citation and contrary records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Link actual event/harm-study families, re-citation and exposure matching only to the extent verified. Do not count pain experiments as harm replications.
- Why this condition is needed: Two same-team pain experiments or two sheets must not be counted as independent safety replication.
- Application exceptions: No new harm search is performed in this work. Unverified material is not changed into 0 replications or no events.
- Remaining uncertainty: Original harm material, event identity/overlap, independent families and contrary records remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01, S02

### N33 · Must a short-term healthy-adult pain question about heat-treated ginger-powder capsules require proof of all long-term, rare and vulnerable-population harms?

Verification status: Not applicable  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The current question is limited to healthy adults, 11-day repeated dosing and pain at 24 hours. The original caution is retained, while direct information on long-term, rare and vulnerable-population harms remains unverified.
- Why unverified: The obligation to require every extended safety proof for this narrow pain sheet does not apply. This is not safety certification.
- Reason for missing information: Direct long-term/rare-event harm material and vulnerable-population material concerning pregnancy, disease or concomitant medicines remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Direct long-term exposure, rare-event, vulnerable-population/interaction material and suitable designs if the harm scope is extended.
- Materials to obtain first: Direct long-term exposure, rare-event, vulnerable-population/interaction material and suitable designs if the harm scope is extended.
- Further research: Material needed: Direct long-term exposure, rare-event, vulnerable-population/interaction material and suitable designs if the harm scope is extended. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Do not require proof of every long-term, rare or vulnerable-population harm to prepare the current narrow efficacy question, while retaining the unverified status of that direct information.
- Why this condition is needed: Short-term efficacy material must not be turned into overall safety or make all extension research mandatory for the current pain sheet.
- Application exceptions: Not applicable applies only to the extension-proof obligation. Direct long-term, rare and vulnerable-population information remains unverified, and general caution is retained.
- Remaining uncertainty: Direct long-term/rare-event harm material and vulnerable-population material concerning pregnancy, disease or concomitant medicines remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N34 · Is the original heat-treated ginger-powder capsule caution wording being turned into incidence, causal attribution or safety certification?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original safety label is Caution, retaining gastrointestinal discomfort, consideration of medicine interactions and the warning against replacing exercise-injury treatment. Actual events, denominators/time and causality remain unverified. No new formulation-specific safety or efficacy grade is created.
- Why unverified: The original caution and its interpretive limits are identified, while actual harm reporting, comparison and causal content remain unverified.
- Reason for missing information: Direct harm signals, comparative risks, events, denominators/time and causal evidence remain unverified; caution is historically preserved.
- Required materials and conditions: Design, comparison, denominator, time and alternative explanations in original harm material, and the attribution/interpretive scope of caution wording.
- Materials to obtain first: Design, comparison, denominator, time and alternative explanations in original harm material, and the attribution/interpretive scope of caution wording.
- Further research: Material needed: Design, comparison, denominator, time and alternative explanations in original harm material, and the attribution/interpretive scope of caution wording. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Separate the historical parent C50/Caution wording from unverified actual harm observations. Do not create personal dosing instructions or determinate incidence/causal claims.
- Why this condition is needed: General caution must not be promoted into confirmed experimental AEs or a safety grade.
- Application exceptions: This retained-summary conversion is not execution of a causality tool, a new safety verdict or dosing instructions. Uncertain cautions are not deleted.
- Remaining uncertainty: Direct harm signals, comparative risks, events, denominators/time and causal evidence remain unverified; caution is historically preserved.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

### N35 · Does the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule sheet preserve the original Korean/English text, C50, axes, corrections and empty/unverified value types?

Verification status: Met  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original C50, Caution, B/P/R1/I0/E+/B2/C0, all booleans, empty strings/original arrays, Korean/English text and 2026-09-14 correction record are retained unchanged. Generic original English wording about denominator, funding and result verification does not replace actual verification material.
- Why unverified: Met applies to actual whole-record comparison of current values, types and historical/current distinctions. It is not new clinical certification of the original verdict.
- Reason for missing information: Actual specific verification evidence behind generic English wording and the original full paper remain unverified; no new formulation-specific score/grade is assigned.
- Required materials and conditions: The complete current original and source identity, Korean/English text and axes, evidence/bibliography, corrections and typed equality of original empty values.
- Materials to obtain first: The complete current original and source identity, Korean/English text and axes, evidence/bibliography, corrections and typed equality of original empty values.
- Further research: Material needed: The complete current original and source identity, Korean/English text and axes, evidence/bibliography, corrections and typed equality of original empty values. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Preserve the complete current original with its types. Do not automatically inherit generic English wording, original corrections, scores or axes as evidence of new verification or a new verdict.
- Why this condition is needed: Track that conversion into formulation-specific sheets does not newly modify the original verdict, English placeholder correction or historical grade.
- Application exceptions: The correction describes specific replacement of 2 fields, while generic wording remains in the current English evidence table. Preserve both without reading them as actual denominator, funding or CI verification.
- Remaining uncertainty: Actual specific verification evidence behind generic English wording and the original full paper remain unverified; no new formulation-specific score/grade is assigned.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01, S02

### N36 · Is the heat-treated ginger-powder capsule pain result at 24 hours combined with 48/72-hour pain, strength, ROM or CK?

Verification status: Met  
Reading scope: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.

- Current findings: The original explanation says 48- and 72-hour outcomes, strength, ROM and inflammatory markers were not combined into the same success. The scope note keeps other time points, strength, ROM and CK separate. Individual values, CI and hierarchy remain unverified in the current material.
- Why unverified: Met applies to retaining the verified endpoint/time limits and avoiding aggregation. It does not establish success or failure of other outcomes.
- Reason for missing information: Direct values, denominators, analyses/CI and prospective hierarchy for each other endpoint/time remain unverified.
- Required materials and conditions: Original tables of time-specific pain, strength/ROM/CK and inflammatory-marker definitions, prospective hierarchy, denominators, analysis and CI.
- Materials to obtain first: Original tables of time-specific pain, strength/ROM/CK and inflammatory-marker definitions, prospective hierarchy, denominators, analysis and CI.
- Further research: Material needed: Original tables of time-specific pain, strength/ROM/CK and inflammatory-marker definitions, prospective hierarchy, denominators, analysis and CI. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Keep selected 24-hour pain distinct from other times, functions and markers. Do not create individual values or determinate success/failure results not supplied by the original record.
- Why this condition is needed: A favorable 24-hour value must not make every other endpoint successful or turn separate handling into a statement of failure.
- Application exceptions: Other endpoints are retained with separate scope. The original explanation/scope note says to treat them separately; it does not explicitly report each result as 0 or nonsignificant.
- Remaining uncertainty: Direct values, denominators, analyses/CI and prospective hierarchy for each other endpoint/time remain unverified.
- Referenced methods: Existing method principles distinguish population, formulation, dose, timing, endpoint, comparison, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained reports. Detailed conditions are Chamgap's own application.
- Related sources: S01

## Evidence and sources

### S01

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise

[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20418184/)

Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.  
Findings recorded in the summary: Raw powder 25%, −0.78 SD, P=.041; heat-treated powder 23%, −0.57 SD, P=.049  
Record level: These are retained reports for each formulation versus placebo. This sheet selects heat-treated powder. The original SD label is retained; its formal measure, calculation, denominator, exact effect/CI and analysis population remain unverified. This is not a new full-text verification, recalculation or formulation-specific verdict.  
Independent replication: S01 contains two formulation experiments in the same paper, team and protocol. This sheet selects heat-treated powder versus placebo; the raw-powder result is not added as independent-team replication or a direct between-formulation effect. S02 is a separate single-dose crossover report with a negative observation, using a different regimen. The formulation mapping of 34 and 40, total unique participants and participant overlap between reports remain unverified.

| Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External PubMed bibliography/abstract index | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | This is a retained PubMed link. Its current response, bibliographic identity and the public availability, acquisition or reading of the abstract and full text have not been verified. The selected heat-treated-powder report is distinguished from the raw-powder result. The samples of 34 and 40 are not assigned, summed or halved into formulation-specific or per-arm analysis counts. Denominators, the SD definition, CI, ITT/SAP and actual harm material remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| DOI identifier entry point | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | This entry point is constructed from the retained DOI and distinguished from the original URL field. Current version, response, physical document form, acquisition and reading remain unverified. The selected heat-treated-powder report is distinguished from the raw-powder result. The samples of 34 and 40 are not assigned, summed or halved into formulation-specific or per-arm analysis counts. Denominators, the SD definition, CI, ITT/SAP and actual harm material remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| Original full text | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | No exact full-text file, download URL or document form has been acquired. Existence, public availability, acquisition and reading remain unverified. The selected heat-treated-powder report is distinguished from the raw-powder result. The samples of 34 and 40 are not assigned, summed or halved into formulation-specific or per-arm analysis counts. Denominators, the SD definition, CI, ITT/SAP and actual harm material remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| Registration material needed | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | This is an item of material needed for later verification. Registration identity, URL and existence remain unverified; the original inability to identify registration does not establish that the trial was unregistered. The selected heat-treated-powder report is distinguished from the raw-powder result. The samples of 34 and 40 are not assigned, summed or halved into formulation-specific or per-arm analysis counts. Denominators, the SD definition, CI, ITT/SAP and actual harm material remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| Protocol/statistical-analysis-plan material needed | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | This is an item of material needed for later verification. Existence, URL and prospective version of planning documents remain unverified. It is not counted as an identified external document. The selected heat-treated-powder report is distinguished from the raw-powder result. The samples of 34 and 40 are not assigned, summed or halved into formulation-specific or per-arm analysis counts. Denominators, the SD definition, CI, ITT/SAP and actual harm material remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| Stored existing review summary | Locally acquired; summary read | Acquired | Stored existing review summary read | The retained Korean/English research/bibliographic summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. This is not a new reading of the original abstract, full text or registration. The selected heat-treated-powder report is distinguished from the raw-powder result. The samples of 34 and 40 are not assigned, summed or halved into formulation-specific or per-arm analysis counts. Denominators, the SD definition, CI, ITT/SAP and actual harm material remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |

### S02

Acute effects of dietary ginger on muscle pain induced by eccentric exercise

[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19164834/)

Materials actually read: The retained Korean/English summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. Linked external abstracts, full texts, registration and planning material remain unread, with no access attempt.  
Findings recorded in the summary: Retained report of no clinically or statistically meaningful effect with a single 2 g dose  
Record level: The negative observation under a different regimen is retained. The Korean wording immediately before exercise and the English immediately around exercise remain distinct; exact timing, formulation, crossover periods, analysis denominators and CI remain unverified. This is not new proof of no effect or equivalence.  
Independent replication: S01 contains two formulation experiments in the same paper, team and protocol. This sheet selects heat-treated powder versus placebo; the raw-powder result is not added as independent-team replication or a direct between-formulation effect. S02 is a separate single-dose crossover report with a negative observation, using a different regimen. The formulation mapping of 34 and 40, total unique participants and participant overlap between reports remain unverified.

| Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External PubMed bibliography/abstract index | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | This is a retained PubMed link. Its current response, bibliographic identity and the public availability, acquisition or reading of the abstract and full text have not been verified. The single 2 g dose in a crossover trial reporting 25 people is not direct replication of the selected 11-day repeated regimen. Formulation, exact dosing time, period-specific denominators and participant overlap remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| DOI identifier entry point | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | This entry point is constructed from the retained DOI and distinguished from the original URL field. Current version, response, physical document form, acquisition and reading remain unverified. The single 2 g dose in a crossover trial reporting 25 people is not direct replication of the selected 11-day repeated regimen. Formulation, exact dosing time, period-specific denominators and participant overlap remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| Original full text | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | No exact full-text file, download URL or document form has been acquired. Existence, public availability, acquisition and reading remain unverified. The single 2 g dose in a crossover trial reporting 25 people is not direct replication of the selected 11-day repeated regimen. Formulation, exact dosing time, period-specific denominators and participant overlap remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| Registration material needed | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | This is an item of material needed for later verification. Registration identity, URL and existence remain unverified; the original inability to identify registration does not establish that the trial was unregistered. The single 2 g dose in a crossover trial reporting 25 people is not direct replication of the selected 11-day repeated regimen. Formulation, exact dosing time, period-specific denominators and participant overlap remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| Protocol/statistical-analysis-plan material needed | Existence/public availability/acquisition unverified; unread | Not attempted | Not read | This is an item of material needed for later verification. Existence, URL and prospective version of planning documents remain unverified. It is not counted as an identified external document. The single 2 g dose in a crossover trial reporting 25 people is not direct replication of the selected 11-day repeated regimen. Formulation, exact dosing time, period-specific denominators and participant overlap remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |
| Stored existing review summary | Locally acquired; summary read | Acquired | Stored existing review summary read | The retained Korean/English research/bibliographic summaries and case-specific conditions/application records were read. This is not a new reading of the original abstract, full text or registration. The single 2 g dose in a crossover trial reporting 25 people is not direct replication of the selected 11-day repeated regimen. Formulation, exact dosing time, period-specific denominators and participant overlap remain unverified. 2026-10-06 is the retained-summary review date. No per-material reading date is recorded, and external material was neither accessed nor read in this work. The original verdict date 2026-09-08 and English-wording correction date 2026-09-14 are not changed into new-search or external-full-text-reading dates. Historical self-review, pending flags and display-change records are preserved as records of their time. |

## Review criteria and methods

These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

- M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.
- M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.
- M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.
- M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.
- M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Retained method-application records were reused. External originals were not reread and method content was not reassessed.

## What the statuses mean

- Met: Limited verification of the retained identity, observation or scope required by this item. This is separate from clinical sufficiency or full-text certification.
- Partly verified: Some facts needed for the question are known, while the stated analysis, population, formulation, denominator or other details remain unverified.
- Unverified: Direct information for this question has not been verified within the retained scope. This does not mean effect 0, no research, no harm or an unreviewed sheet.
- Not applicable: An extension obligation outside the narrow question does not apply. This is not a replacement state for unread or unverified material.
- Not applicable (display alias): An alternate grey display label for Not applicable.
- Not read: No current direct reading of external material. This is separate from reading the retained local summary.
- Conflicting data: An actual inconsistency between reports under the same regimen; differences between questions alone do not establish a conflict.

## Change history

2026-10-25 · Public page/materials 1.0. The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 36 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.