# Oral curcumin or curcuminoid supplementation across mixed formulations × Reduction of LDL cholesterol in adults with dyslipidemia or metabolic disease Verdict 3039 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-08 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-24 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The retained population mixes adults with dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and related conditions. Disease, baseline LDL, eligibility, age-specific direct effects and contributing denominators remain incompletely verified. - Ingredient, formulation and route: The record mixes conventional, nano, phytosomal and other oral curcumin/curcuminoid formulations. Products, absorption enhancers, piperine combinations and other routes remain distinct; formulation equivalence is not established. - Dose: The original record describes trial-specific doses. Total product amounts, active amounts, frequency, adherence and direct dose response remain unverified; a single recommended or optimum dose is not generated. - Comparator: The retained comparator is placebo or control care. Placebo ingredients, lifestyle management, maintenance/changes of lipid or glucose medicines and added interventions remain incompletely verified. Combined effects are not assigned to curcumin alone or medicine replacement. - Measured outcome: The selected endpoint is blood LDL-C change. SMD and MD in mg/dL, final/change values, adjustment and measurement arrangements remain distinct. HDL, TG, total cholesterol and cardiovascular events address different questions. - Duration: The retained scope spans weeks to months across trials. Actual treatment, measurement, extraction, follow-up and post-discontinuation timepoints remain incompletely verified; these are not merged into a single fixed timepoint or persistent effect. - Questions outside this scope: The original D/30/Caution and B/S/R0/I2/E0/B2/C0 are retained. Historical cross-checking, independence and generic English verification wording are not inherited as current original-source reading or independent clinical validation.; R01 SMD −0.17, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.09, P=.20 and R02 MD −4.01 mg/dL, 95% CI −10.96 to 2.95, P=.259 are retained separately. Different scales, populations and formulations do not support conversion, addition or a new pooled estimate.; The original null interpretation is retained, while lack of significance does not establish no effect or equivalence for every formulation/population. Prespecified importance, direct comparisons, individual effects and clinical events remain separately unverified.; Roughly 6 to 10 mg/dL lower LDL in some earlier analyses is an original counterview narrative. Its original reports, denominators and intervals are unidentified; it is not assigned to the null R02 result or added as a separately verified report.; The narrative of meta-analysis comparisons from 2013 to 2025 and the 2022 bibliographies of the two structured citations are both retained. A new 2025 paper, completed current search or reconciled chronology is not invented.; Two review reports remain distinct from unique original trials, participants and independent teams. Original-trial counts, participant totals, overlap and contributing denominators remain unverified; reviews and samples are not summed or newly certified as independent replication.; Original gastrointestinal, bleeding and hepatobiliary precautions, and the caution against stopping lipid medicines without appropriate guidance, are retained. Actual harm collection, event counts, exposure/denominators, causality, interactions and long-term safety remain unverified.; The original evidence date 2026-09-08, correction of 2 English fields on 2026-09-14 and stored-summary production date 2026-10-06 remain distinct. Production timestamps are not completed external-reading/content-review dates; actual review dates remain unrecorded. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which LDL question is addressed? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original claim concerns LDL-C reduction in adults with dyslipidemia or metabolic disease. HDL, TG and total cholesterol are separate outcomes. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original eligibility criteria matching population, formulation, comparator and LDL are needed. Other lipids, myocardial infarction and medicine replacement are excluded. - Required materials and conditions: Oral curcumin and blood LDL-C change in adults with dyslipidemia or metabolic disease - Materials to obtain first: Original eligibility criteria matching population, formulation, comparator and LDL are needed. Other lipids, myocardial infarction and medicine replacement are excluded. - Further research: Material needed: Original eligibility criteria matching population, formulation, comparator and LDL are needed. Other lipids, myocardial infarction and medicine replacement are excluded. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral curcumin and blood LDL-C change in adults with dyslipidemia or metabolic disease must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral curcumin and blood LDL-C change in adults with dyslipidemia or metabolic disease is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N02 · Are mixed formulations distinguished from individual products? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained formulation mixes conventional, nano and phytosomal oral products. Other formulations, piperine combinations and topical products are not treated as equivalent. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Active amounts, absorption enhancers and product information are needed. A mixed estimate does not establish efficacy or equivalence for an individual formulation. - Required materials and conditions: Original-trial composition by conventional, nano and phytosomal formulations - Materials to obtain first: Active amounts, absorption enhancers and product information are needed. A mixed estimate does not establish efficacy or equivalence for an individual formulation. - Further research: Material needed: Active amounts, absorption enhancers and product information are needed. A mixed estimate does not establish efficacy or equivalence for an individual formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original-trial composition by conventional, nano and phytosomal formulations must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original-trial composition by conventional, nano and phytosomal formulations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N03 · What doses and actual exposure are recorded? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Doses vary by trial. Representative doses, active-amount conversions and recommended amounts are not generated. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original trial records on formulation, dose, co-ingredients and adherence are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Total product and active-curcuminoid amounts, frequency and adherence - Materials to obtain first: Original trial records on formulation, dose, co-ingredients and adherence are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original trial records on formulation, dose, co-ingredients and adherence are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Total product and active-curcuminoid amounts, frequency and adherence must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Total product and active-curcuminoid amounts, frequency and adherence is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N04 · Are treatment duration and LDL measurement timepoints aligned? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained duration varies from weeks to months. It is not merged into a single fixed timepoint or persistent effect. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Treatment, measurement, end-of-follow-up and post-discontinuation timepoints, with selection rules, are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific durations and LDL timepoints over weeks to months - Materials to obtain first: Treatment, measurement, end-of-follow-up and post-discontinuation timepoints, with selection rules, are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Treatment, measurement, end-of-follow-up and post-discontinuation timepoints, with selection rules, are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific durations and LDL timepoints over weeks to months must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific durations and LDL timepoints over weeks to months is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N05 · Which diagnoses make up the mixed adult population? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained population mixes adults with these diagnoses. It is not presented as a single dyslipidemia population. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Inclusion tables by diagnosis, baseline LDL, age, comorbidities and eligibility are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Dyslipidemia, T2D, metabolic syndrome and other diagnoses, with baseline LDL - Materials to obtain first: Inclusion tables by diagnosis, baseline LDL, age, comorbidities and eligibility are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Inclusion tables by diagnosis, baseline LDL, age, comorbidities and eligibility are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Dyslipidemia, T2D, metabolic syndrome and other diagnoses, with baseline LDL must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Dyslipidemia, T2D, metabolic syndrome and other diagnoses, with baseline LDL is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N06 · How does the T2D analysis relate to the broader analysis? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: R02 is a T2D RCT meta-analysis, while R01 mixes diseases and formulations. Two review reports are not counted as two independent original trials. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Alignment of diseases, formulations and timepoints, with original-trial lists shared by the reviews, is needed. - Required materials and conditions: Alignment of T2D eligibility with mixed-disease and formulation scopes - Materials to obtain first: Alignment of diseases, formulations and timepoints, with original-trial lists shared by the reviews, is needed. - Further research: Material needed: Alignment of diseases, formulations and timepoints, with original-trial lists shared by the reviews, is needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Alignment of T2D eligibility with mixed-disease and formulation scopes must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Alignment of T2D eligibility with mixed-disease and formulation scopes is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N07 · How do comparator arrangements differ? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained comparator is placebo or control care. Identical placebo and lifestyle-management arrangements across all trials are not established. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original-trial records on comparator ingredients, blinding, diet/exercise management and added interventions are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Placebo or control care and common management in each group - Materials to obtain first: Original-trial records on comparator ingredients, blinding, diet/exercise management and added interventions are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original-trial records on comparator ingredients, blinding, diet/exercise management and added interventions are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Placebo or control care and common management in each group must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Placebo or control care and common management in each group is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N08 · Can lipid and glucose medicines be separated from other interventions? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original precaution says not to stop lipid medicines without appropriate guidance. Medicine types, maintenance and changes in included trials are not detailed in the summary. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Baseline medicines, treatment changes, adherence and shared care are needed. Curcumin alone or a statin-replacement comparison is not established. - Required materials and conditions: Group-specific lipid/glucose medicines, diet and weight changes - Materials to obtain first: Baseline medicines, treatment changes, adherence and shared care are needed. Curcumin alone or a statin-replacement comparison is not established. - Further research: Material needed: Baseline medicines, treatment changes, adherence and shared care are needed. Curcumin alone or a statin-replacement comparison is not established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Group-specific lipid/glucose medicines, diet and weight changes must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Group-specific lipid/glucose medicines, diet and weight changes is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N09 · Are each review's design and eligibility scope retained separately? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: R01 is a systematic review/meta-analysis of RCTs; R02 is a T2D RCT meta-analysis. Disease and formulation scopes differ. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Search dates, strategies, eligibility, registration/plans and extraction tables are needed for each review. Currentness and directness are not newly certified. - Required materials and conditions: Search and eligibility criteria for the updated RCT review and T2D RCT review - Materials to obtain first: Search dates, strategies, eligibility, registration/plans and extraction tables are needed for each review. Currentness and directness are not newly certified. - Further research: Material needed: Search dates, strategies, eligibility, registration/plans and extraction tables are needed for each review. Currentness and directness are not newly certified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Search and eligibility criteria for the updated RCT review and T2D RCT review must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Search and eligibility criteria for the updated RCT review and T2D RCT review is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N10 · Are the numbers of included trials known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: R01 describes multiple RCTs with mixed diseases/formulations; R02 describes pooled T2D RCTs. Specific RCT counts are not provided. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Inclusion lists, multiple-arm arrangements and duplicate-report links are needed. Unique-trial counts are not generated. - Required materials and conditions: Included RCT counts and study/report links for each review - Materials to obtain first: Inclusion lists, multiple-arm arrangements and duplicate-report links are needed. Unique-trial counts are not generated. - Further research: Material needed: Inclusion lists, multiple-arm arrangements and duplicate-report links are needed. Unique-trial counts are not generated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Included RCT counts and study/report links for each review must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Included RCT counts and study/report links for each review is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N11 · Are participants and analysis denominators known? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The stored sample descriptions contain no participant totals or group counts. Generic English wording does not supply actual denominators. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Allocation, analysis, completion and measurement denominators, with participant-overlap information, are needed. The final unique-participant total remains null. - Required materials and conditions: Trial/group denominators for allocation, analysis, completion and LDL measurement - Materials to obtain first: Allocation, analysis, completion and measurement denominators, with participant-overlap information, are needed. The final unique-participant total remains null. - Further research: Material needed: Allocation, analysis, completion and measurement denominators, with participant-overlap information, are needed. The final unique-participant total remains null. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial/group denominators for allocation, analysis, completion and LDL measurement must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial/group denominators for allocation, analysis, completion and LDL measurement is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N12 · Can trials shared by the reviews be linked? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The two structured reports are the Saeedi and Yuan reviews. Overlap in original trials and participants remains unverified. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Article, registration, site/time and sample links are needed. Review estimates are not added or certified as two independent replications. - Required materials and conditions: Review-to-original-trial, additional-report and shared-participant links - Materials to obtain first: Article, registration, site/time and sample links are needed. Review estimates are not added or certified as two independent replications. - Further research: Material needed: Article, registration, site/time and sample links are needed. Review estimates are not added or certified as two independent replications. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Review-to-original-trial, additional-report and shared-participant links must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Review-to-original-trial, additional-report and shared-participant links is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N13 · What is the LDL result in the broader updated analysis? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: R01 reports SMD −0.17, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.09, P=.20. Its retained interpretation describes the latest direct LDL synthesis as null. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original pooling tables, standardization, variances, weights, included-trial and timepoint extraction are needed. New values are not calculated. - Required materials and conditions: R01 SMD, CI and P, with original model and scale - Materials to obtain first: Original pooling tables, standardization, variances, weights, included-trial and timepoint extraction are needed. New values are not calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original pooling tables, standardization, variances, weights, included-trial and timepoint extraction are needed. New values are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on R01 SMD, CI and P, with original model and scale must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on R01 SMD, CI and P, with original model and scale is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N14 · What is the LDL result in the T2D analysis? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: R02 reports MD −4.01 mg/dL, 95% CI −10.96 to 2.95, P=.259, described as null. R01's SMD is not copied to this report. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: T2D included trials, formulations, timepoints, variances/denominators and analysis models are needed. - Required materials and conditions: R02 MD in mg/dL, CI and P, with the original analysis population - Materials to obtain first: T2D included trials, formulations, timepoints, variances/denominators and analysis models are needed. - Further research: Material needed: T2D included trials, formulations, timepoints, variances/denominators and analysis models are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on R02 MD in mg/dL, CI and P, with the original analysis population must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on R02 MD in mg/dL, CI and P, with the original analysis population is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N15 · Are SMD and MD in mg/dL kept without conversion? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: R01 uses SMD; R02 uses MD in mg/dL. They are not compared, added or converted, and remain within their respective disease/formulation scopes. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original standard deviations, analysis arrangements and direct comparisons addressing the same question are needed. No SMD-to-mg/dL conversion or new pooled estimate is produced. - Required materials and conditions: Units and estimands for standardized and absolute differences - Materials to obtain first: Original standard deviations, analysis arrangements and direct comparisons addressing the same question are needed. No SMD-to-mg/dL conversion or new pooled estimate is produced. - Further research: Material needed: Original standard deviations, analysis arrangements and direct comparisons addressing the same question are needed. No SMD-to-mg/dL conversion or new pooled estimate is produced. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Units and estimands for standardized and absolute differences must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Units and estimands for standardized and absolute differences is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N16 · Are intervals crossing no effect distinguished from equivalence? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original CIs are −0.43 to 0.09 and −10.96 to 2.95. The original interpretation as null is retained. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original analysis tables and prespecified importance/equivalence criteria are needed. Lack of significance does not certify effect 0 or equivalence for every formulation. - Required materials and conditions: Both original CIs and P values, with prespecified importance/equivalence criteria - Materials to obtain first: Original analysis tables and prespecified importance/equivalence criteria are needed. Lack of significance does not certify effect 0 or equivalence for every formulation. - Further research: Material needed: Original analysis tables and prespecified importance/equivalence criteria are needed. Lack of significance does not certify effect 0 or equivalence for every formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Both original CIs and P values, with prespecified importance/equivalence criteria must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Both original CIs and P values, with prespecified importance/equivalence criteria is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N17 · Which report underlies the roughly 6–10 mg/dL positive signal? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The counterview mentions roughly 6–10 mg/dL lower LDL in some metabolic-disease analyses. Structured R02 instead reports −4.01 mg/dL, described as null. The positive narrative is not assigned to R02. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Articles/years, original trials and direct LDL tables for the positive analyses are needed. Unidentified reports, effects and CIs are not invented. - Required materials and conditions: Bibliography, formulations, denominators and CIs for earlier positive analyses - Materials to obtain first: Articles/years, original trials and direct LDL tables for the positive analyses are needed. Unidentified reports, effects and CIs are not invented. - Further research: Material needed: Articles/years, original trials and direct LDL tables for the positive analyses are needed. Unidentified reports, effects and CIs are not invented. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Bibliography, formulations, denominators and CIs for earlier positive analyses must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Bibliography, formulations, denominators and CIs for earlier positive analyses is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N18 · Are the 2013–2025 narrative and citation years distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The research narrative mentions comparisons of meta-analyses from 2013–2025. Both structured citations have 2022 bibliographies. These different original records are retained. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Report lists, versions, search dates and original citations for the stated years are needed. No new 2025 paper or completed external current search is created. - Required materials and conditions: Review chronology, search end dates, versions and bibliography alignment - Materials to obtain first: Report lists, versions, search dates and original citations for the stated years are needed. No new 2025 paper or completed external current search is created. - Further research: Material needed: Report lists, versions, search dates and original citations for the stated years are needed. No new 2025 paper or completed external current search is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Review chronology, search end dates, versions and bibliography alignment must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Review chronology, search end dates, versions and bibliography alignment is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N19 · What explains differences and heterogeneity across analyses? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original narrative describes earlier positive/null findings and conclusions varying by disease/formulation. The result fields contain no I² value. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original heterogeneity, sensitivity/classification and extraction tables are needed. Different review scopes are not established as conflicting results from identical original trials; I² and prediction intervals are not invented. - Required materials and conditions: Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses by disease, formulation, duration and model - Materials to obtain first: Original heterogeneity, sensitivity/classification and extraction tables are needed. Different review scopes are not established as conflicting results from identical original trials; I² and prediction intervals are not invented. - Further research: Material needed: Original heterogeneity, sensitivity/classification and extraction tables are needed. Different review scopes are not established as conflicting results from identical original trials; I² and prediction intervals are not invented. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses by disease, formulation, duration and model must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses by disease, formulation, duration and model is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N20 · What is known about original-trial allocation, blinding and risk assessment? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The RCT-review design is retained. Original-trial methods and individual risk-assessment material were not externally read in this work. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original methods, registration/plans and review-level individual assessment bases are needed. Official RoB2/GRADE findings are not generated. - Required materials and conditions: Original allocation, concealment, blinding/measurement methods and assessment bases - Materials to obtain first: Original methods, registration/plans and review-level individual assessment bases are needed. Official RoB2/GRADE findings are not generated. - Further research: Material needed: Original methods, registration/plans and review-level individual assessment bases are needed. Official RoB2/GRADE findings are not generated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original allocation, concealment, blinding/measurement methods and assessment bases must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original allocation, concealment, blinding/measurement methods and assessment bases is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N21 · Are LDL measurement, change and adjustment arrangements comparable? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The selected endpoint is blood LDL-C change. Original assays, final/change-value definitions and adjustment arrangements are not detailed in the summary. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Assays, timepoints, extraction tables, variance handling and analysis plans are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Assays, fasting, final/change values, baseline adjustment and estimands - Materials to obtain first: Assays, timepoints, extraction tables, variance handling and analysis plans are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Assays, timepoints, extraction tables, variance handling and analysis plans are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Assays, fasting, final/change values, baseline adjustment and estimands must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Assays, fasting, final/change values, baseline adjustment and estimands is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N22 · What attrition, missingness and analysis exclusions are known? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Stored sample descriptions provide no specific denominators. Unread original trials are not relabeled as having no missingness or withdrawals. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Group-specific flow diagrams, missingness, exclusion reasons, missing-data handling and sensitivity material are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific missing measurements, withdrawals and analysis sets - Materials to obtain first: Group-specific flow diagrams, missingness, exclusion reasons, missing-data handling and sensitivity material are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Group-specific flow diagrams, missingness, exclusion reasons, missing-data handling and sensitivity material are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific missing measurements, withdrawals and analysis sets must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific missing measurements, withdrawals and analysis sets is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N23 · Are LDL prespecification and reporting choices verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: An LDL-only verdict does not mean that every original trial prespecified LDL as its primary (1st) endpoint. Prespecified hierarchy remains unverified. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Registration, protocols/SAPs and all-timepoint result tables are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Primary/secondary endpoints, timepoints and multiplicity plans - Materials to obtain first: Registration, protocols/SAPs and all-timepoint result tables are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Registration, protocols/SAPs and all-timepoint result tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Primary/secondary endpoints, timepoints and multiplicity plans must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Primary/secondary endpoints, timepoints and multiplicity plans is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N24 · Are disease/formulation subgroups kept separate from overall effects? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original rationale retains the latest direct null LDL result, while the counterview retains positive signals in restricted metabolic-disease analyses. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Subgroup tables, interactions and distinctions by formulation/duration are needed. The overall SMD is not copied as a disease-specific or product-specific estimate. - Required materials and conditions: Subgroup effects/CIs, denominators, prespecification and interactions - Materials to obtain first: Subgroup tables, interactions and distinctions by formulation/duration are needed. The overall SMD is not copied as a disease-specific or product-specific estimate. - Further research: Material needed: Subgroup tables, interactions and distinctions by formulation/duration are needed. The overall SMD is not copied as a disease-specific or product-specific estimate. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Subgroup effects/CIs, denominators, prespecification and interactions must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Subgroup effects/CIs, denominators, prespecification and interactions is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N25 · Are other lipid endpoints distinguished from LDL benefit? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The summary states that these lipids are separate outcomes, and the rationale/advertising limits do not transfer positive TG or total-cholesterol findings to LDL. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original results for other lipids address separate questions. Effects and grades are not merged into the LDL table. - Required materials and conditions: Outcome-specific definitions and results for HDL, TG and total cholesterol - Materials to obtain first: Original results for other lipids address separate questions. Effects and grades are not merged into the LDL table. - Further research: Material needed: Original results for other lipids address separate questions. Effects and grades are not merged into the LDL table. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Outcome-specific definitions and results for HDL, TG and total cholesterol must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Outcome-specific definitions and results for HDL, TG and total cholesterol is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N26 · Are statin replacement and myocardial-infarction prevention separate questions? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained advertising limits do not support statin replacement or myocardial-infarction prevention. The current endpoint is LDL-C. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Direct comparisons on medicine replacement or cardiovascular events are not verified in this material. Efficacy scope is not expanded. - Required materials and conditions: Direct material distinguishing an LDL surrogate from medicine replacement and clinical events - Materials to obtain first: Direct comparisons on medicine replacement or cardiovascular events are not verified in this material. Efficacy scope is not expanded. - Further research: Material needed: Direct comparisons on medicine replacement or cardiovascular events are not verified in this material. Efficacy scope is not expanded. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct material distinguishing an LDL surrogate from medicine replacement and clinical events must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct material distinguishing an LDL surrogate from medicine replacement and clinical events is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N27 · Are replication within a formulation and optimum doses verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original grading rationale describes conflicting syntheses and a null latest direct main effect. Mixed reviews do not establish formulation-specific replication or optimum doses. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Direct material on original-trial families, products, teams, doses and timepoints is needed. - Required materials and conditions: Unique trials, independent teams and direct dose comparisons - Materials to obtain first: Direct material on original-trial families, products, teams, doses and timepoints is needed. - Further research: Material needed: Direct material on original-trial families, products, teams, doses and timepoints is needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Unique trials, independent teams and direct dose comparisons must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Unique trials, independent teams and direct dose comparisons is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N28 · Are four routes of company involvement distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: R01 describes university researchers and mixed funding of included trials; R02 describes limited verification. Generic English funding wording does not complete these four records. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Original support, product-provision, affiliation and COI disclosures for reviews/trials are needed. University researchers do not establish absence of company involvement. - Required materials and conditions: Report/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI - Materials to obtain first: Original support, product-provision, affiliation and COI disclosures for reviews/trials are needed. University researchers do not establish absence of company involvement. - Further research: Material needed: Original support, product-provision, affiliation and COI disclosures for reviews/trials are needed. University researchers do not establish absence of company involvement. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Report/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Report/trial-specific funding, product support, employee authorship and COI is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N29 · Are harm collection methods and event tables known? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original safety detail retains these precautions separately from efficacy. Collection methods and event tables are not preserved in detail. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Harm methods, severity, occurrence and discontinuation records are needed. Precautions do not establish incidence, causation or safety certification. - Required materials and conditions: Definitions, collection and discontinuation for gastrointestinal, bleeding and hepatobiliary events - Materials to obtain first: Harm methods, severity, occurrence and discontinuation records are needed. Precautions do not establish incidence, causation or safety certification. - Further research: Material needed: Harm methods, severity, occurrence and discontinuation records are needed. Precautions do not establish incidence, causation or safety certification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Definitions, collection and discontinuation for gastrointestinal, bleeding and hepatobiliary events must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Definitions, collection and discontinuation for gastrointestinal, bleeding and hepatobiliary events is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N30 · Are harm denominators and exposure kept distinct? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Sample descriptions express review scopes without participant counts. Durations are mixed too. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Group-specific safety sets, exposure amounts/time, withdrawals and comparator events are needed. Harm incidence is not calculated or replaced with LDL denominators. - Required materials and conditions: Safety populations, dosing, duration, event counts and comparators - Materials to obtain first: Group-specific safety sets, exposure amounts/time, withdrawals and comparator events are needed. Harm incidence is not calculated or replaced with LDL denominators. - Further research: Material needed: Group-specific safety sets, exposure amounts/time, withdrawals and comparator events are needed. Harm incidence is not calculated or replaced with LDL denominators. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Safety populations, dosing, duration, event counts and comparators must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Safety populations, dosing, duration, event counts and comparators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N31 · Are alternative causes and concomitant treatments separated for harms? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original record cautions against stopping lipid medicines without appropriate guidance and retains curcumin precautions separately. Event and co-treatment causation remains unverified. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Medicine maintenance/changes, baseline disease, event timing, comparators and post-discontinuation course are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Comorbidities, medicines, event timing and alternative causes - Materials to obtain first: Medicine maintenance/changes, baseline disease, event timing, comparators and post-discontinuation course are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Medicine maintenance/changes, baseline disease, event timing, comparators and post-discontinuation course are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Comorbidities, medicines, event timing and alternative causes must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Comorbidities, medicines, event timing and alternative causes is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N32 · Does a bleeding precaution establish a direct interaction result? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: A bleeding precaution is retained, but medicine-specific incidence and interaction comparisons are not specified. Medicine-specific causal claims are not added here. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Concomitant medicine types, exposure, group-specific events, alternative causes and direct comparisons are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing a bleeding precaution from medicine-specific direct comparisons - Materials to obtain first: Concomitant medicine types, exposure, group-specific events, alternative causes and direct comparisons are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Concomitant medicine types, exposure, group-specific events, alternative causes and direct comparisons are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing a bleeding precaution from medicine-specific direct comparisons must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing a bleeding precaution from medicine-specific direct comparisons is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N33 · Are long-term, hepatobiliary and vulnerable-population harms verified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Hepatobiliary precautions remain separate from efficacy. Mixed durations of weeks to months do not certify long-term safety. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable-population, exposure/denominator and causal material are needed. No new harm investigation is undertaken. - Required materials and conditions: Long-term/rare harms, hepatobiliary outcomes, vulnerable groups, independent reports and exposure - Materials to obtain first: Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable-population, exposure/denominator and causal material are needed. No new harm investigation is undertaken. - Further research: Material needed: Long-term follow-up, independent harm reports, vulnerable-population, exposure/denominator and causal material are needed. No new harm investigation is undertaken. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term/rare harms, hepatobiliary outcomes, vulnerable groups, independent reports and exposure must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term/rare harms, hepatobiliary outcomes, vulnerable groups, independent reports and exposure is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N34 · Are stored-summary reading and external original links distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The stored summary and bibliography were read. The two PubMed URLs are original links. External abstracts, full texts, registration and protocols/SAPs remain unread. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: Unread status remains until actual materials are acquired and reviewed. A URL does not establish reading, accessibility or fulfillment of conditions. - Required materials and conditions: Access tables for stored reports, abstracts, full texts, registration and protocols/SAPs - Materials to obtain first: Unread status remains until actual materials are acquired and reviewed. A URL does not establish reading, accessibility or fulfillment of conditions. - Further research: Material needed: Unread status remains until actual materials are acquired and reviewed. A URL does not establish reading, accessibility or fulfillment of conditions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Access tables for stored reports, abstracts, full texts, registration and protocols/SAPs must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Access tables for stored reports, abstracts, full texts, registration and protocols/SAPs is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N35 · How are generic English wording and the historical correction retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The correction records replacement of English placeholders while retaining grade, score, citations and evidence date. Remaining generic English denominator, result and funding wording is preserved in the original record. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: External English material and historical correction targets are not newly reviewed here. The historical correction is not labeled as completed current QA. - Required materials and conditions: Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction - Materials to obtain first: External English material and historical correction targets are not newly reviewed here. The historical correction is not labeled as completed current QA. - Further research: Material needed: External English material and historical correction targets are not newly reviewed here. The historical correction is not labeled as completed current QA. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original Korean/English records and limits of the 2026-09-14 correction is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N36 · Are original grade, axes, dates and preparation distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original D/30/Caution, evidence date 2026-09-08, axes and correction are retained. This is not a new efficacy grade or independent verification. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Material gap: New material, changed conditions and changed verdicts are recorded as separate events after appropriate review. The original date is not reused as a current search or external-reading date. - Required materials and conditions: Preservation of D30, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction - Materials to obtain first: New material, changed conditions and changed verdicts are recorded as separate events after appropriate review. The original date is not reused as a current search or external-reading date. - Further research: Material needed: New material, changed conditions and changed verdicts are recorded as separate events after appropriate review. The original date is not reused as a current search or external-reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Preservation of D30, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction must link to reports, trials, denominators, formulations, diseases, LDL scales and timepoints, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Preservation of D30, Caution, axes, evidence date and correction is needed to connect the relevant formulation, population, comparator, LDL scale/timepoint, report/trial, denominator, overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Reviews with differing scopes, unique original trials and participants remain distinct, as do SMD and MD in mg/dL. Estimates are not added or converted, or extended to product/disease-specific effects, equivalence, optimum doses, medicine replacement, clinical-event prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in mixed formulations, diseases, doses, durations, analysis scales, timepoints, denominators, overlap, measurement, missingness, heterogeneity, support and harms. Original numbers, grades and independence narratives do not constitute new calculation, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, population, comparator, endpoint/scale, timepoint, reports/trials, denominators, overlap, support and harms in the retained LDL record. - Related sources: R01, R02 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 2022 · Updated curcumin and blood-lipid review across mixed diseases/formulations [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36264280/) Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: SMD −0.17, 95% CI −0.43~0.09, P=.20 Record level: This is the stored standardized LDL difference from a mixed-disease/formulation review. Original analyses, denominators and timepoints remain unverified; it is not converted to mg/dL. Independent replication: The mixed-disease updated review and type 2 diabetes review remain distinct. Overlap and unique counts of original trials, additional reports and participants, and independent teams, remain unverified. Estimates on different scales are not converted or added, or established as two independent replications. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Existing stored summary acquired | Stored summary | Stored summary read | The stored report/citation summary was read. This does not record possession or full-text reading of the external original article. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | | External abstract · Original PubMed link | Original bibliography link only; external content unread | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Only the original PubMed URL is linked. Actual abstract reading, accessibility and bibliographic-content verification remain incomplete. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | | External full text · Unacquired/unread | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Original full texts, supplements, included trials and result tables remain unacquired/unread. Abstracts or summaries are not relabeled as full-text reading. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | | Review/original-trial registration material | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Actual registration identifiers, contents, amendments and original-trial alignment remain unverified. Prespecification of articles/plans is not certified. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | | Protocols and statistical analysis plans | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Original protocols, analysis plans, endpoint hierarchy, timepoints, multiplicity and attrition-handling rules remain unread. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | ### R02 2022 · Curcumin, lipids and glycemic status review in type 2 diabetes [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35754684/) Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: MD −4.01 mg/dL, 95% CI −10.96 to 2.95, P=.259; described as null Record level: This is the stored absolute LDL difference from a type 2 diabetes review. It remains distinct from another review's SMD and earlier positive narratives, and is not counted as an independent original trial. Independent replication: The mixed-disease updated review and type 2 diabetes review remain distinct. Overlap and unique counts of original trials, additional reports and participants, and independent teams, remain unverified. Estimates on different scales are not converted or added, or established as two independent replications. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Existing stored summary acquired | Stored summary | Stored summary read | The stored report/citation summary was read. This does not record possession or full-text reading of the external original article. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | | External abstract · Original PubMed link | Original bibliography link only; external content unread | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Only the original PubMed URL is linked. Actual abstract reading, accessibility and bibliographic-content verification remain incomplete. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | | External full text · Unacquired/unread | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Original full texts, supplements, included trials and result tables remain unacquired/unread. Abstracts or summaries are not relabeled as full-text reading. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | | Review/original-trial registration material | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Actual registration identifiers, contents, amendments and original-trial alignment remain unverified. Prespecification of articles/plans is not certified. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | | Protocols and statistical analysis plans | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Original protocols, analysis plans, endpoint hierarchy, timepoints, multiplicity and attrition-handling rules remain unread. Only stored summaries and bibliographies were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols/analysis plans, original trials, result tables and support disclosures remain unread. URLs and original narratives alone do not certify existence/public availability, accessibility, acquisition, reading, fulfilled conditions or independence. Original material-specific dates are retained. Stored-summary production timestamps on 2026-10-06 are not external-reading dates; dates for needed external material remain unrecorded. The original evidence date 2026-09-08 remains distinct from actual completed review. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-24 · Public page/materials 1.0. The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 36 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.