# Oral curcumin or curcuminoid supplementation across mixed formulations × Reduction of HbA1c in adults with established type 2 diabetes Verdict 3037 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-08 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-24 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The selected population is adults with type 2 diabetes continuing usual treatment. Prediabetes mixed into the main meta-analysis remains distinct from nano-only material; exact diagnosis-specific trials, participants and effects remain unverified. - Ingredient, formulation and route: The oral evidence mixes conventional, nano and other bioavailability-enhanced curcumin/curcuminoid products and some turmeric preparations. Products, batches, extraction, active amounts, carriers and product-specific direct effects remain unverified and are not interchangeable. - Dose: The retained trial-specific range is approximately 80 mg to 1.5 g/day; a single optimum remains unverified. Product-specific active amounts, actual administration, adherence, dose response and recommended doses are not established or newly converted. - Comparator: The original record describes placebo or usual care. Arm-specific continuation/changes of glucose-lowering medicines, lifestyle measures and rescue treatment, and the intervention contribution, remain incompletely verified. Add-on comparisons do not establish withdrawal/replacement effects. - Measured outcome: The selected endpoint is absolute HbA1c change. WMD percentage points and SMD are not read as the same units; gaps remain in prespecified hierarchy, measurement, analysis, timepoints, importance and clinical events. - Duration: The retained record describes mostly 8 weeks to 12 months, varying by trial. Exact timepoints contributing to HbA1c, product-specific durations, persistence after treatment and longer follow-up remain separately unverified. - Questions outside this scope: The selected question concerns mixed oral curcumin formulations added to usual treatment and HbA1c in established type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes onset prevention, other routes, medicine replacement and complication prevention are different questions.; The original C/50/Caution and B/S/R0/I1/E+/B2/C0 are retained. Historical cross-checking and generic English verification wording are not inherited as current original-source reading, formal assessment or independent clinical validation.; Approximately 80 mg to 1.5 g/day and mostly 8 weeks to 12 months are retained trial-specific ranges. Optimum/recommended doses, equivalent product effects and duration-specific persistence are not newly calculated or established.; The main mixed analysis retains WMD −0.32 percentage points, 95% CI −0.43 to −0.21, together with significant heterogeneity. It is not converted into product-specific direct estimates restricted to type 2 diabetes.; The nano-only SMD 0.19, 95% CI −1.26 to 1.65 and original null description are retained. No significant difference and a wide interval do not establish no effect for every product; SMD is not converted into percentage points.; The 34 RCTs/39 intervention arms and 7 RCTs/453 participants are different denominators in their respective reviews. Shared trials, HbA1c contributing denominators, unique participants and independent replication remain unverified and are not added.; The approximately 0.3–0.5-point reduction direction is an additional meta-analysis narrative in the original manuscript, unlinked to separate bibliography/inclusion tables. It does not create new reports, independent trials or effect totals; funding, product-support, employee-authorship, conflict and harm gaps remain.; The original evidence date 2026-09-08, correction of 2 English-placeholder fields on 2026-09-14 and production date 2026-10-06 remain distinct. PMID, PMCID and DOI are retained identifiers, not proof of full-text acquisition, public availability, successful access or reading. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which diabetes/HbA1c question is addressed? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The selected claim concerns reduced HbA1c in adults with established type 2 diabetes. The scope and gaps in mixed-formulation evidence are retained together. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Product-specific direct effects and the exact estimate restricted to type 2 diabetes remain separately unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Absolute HbA1c change with oral curcumin in adults with established type 2 diabetes - Materials to obtain first: Inclusion tables and HbA1c results by population and formulation - Further research: Material needed: Inclusion tables and HbA1c results by population and formulation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Absolute HbA1c change with oral curcumin in adults with established type 2 diabetes must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Absolute HbA1c change with oral curcumin in adults with established type 2 diabetes is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N02 · Are prediabetes and established diabetes distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained use conditions select adults with type 2 diabetes continuing usual treatment, while the main meta-analysis is recorded as mixing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact trials, participants and effects in the type 2 diabetes subgroup remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Separation of type 2 diabetes continuing usual treatment from prediabetes - Materials to obtain first: Inclusion tables and subgroup results by diagnosis - Further research: Material needed: Inclusion tables and subgroup results by diagnosis. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of type 2 diabetes continuing usual treatment from prediabetes must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of type 2 diabetes continuing usual treatment from prediabetes is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01 ### N03 · Is this the same question as preventing diabetes onset in prediabetes? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original separates this page from verdict 1196 on progression from prediabetes and states that it addresses HbA1c only in established type 2 diabetes. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Direct effects on onset/progression prevention are not established by this selected question. Files for other verdicts were not read. - Required materials and conditions: Separation of HbA1c change from prevention of diabetes onset - Materials to obtain first: Clinical material defining onset prevention separately - Further research: Material needed: Clinical material defining onset prevention separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of HbA1c change from prevention of diabetes onset must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of HbA1c change from prevention of diabetes onset is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N04 · Which products make up the mixed oral formulations? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original states that conventional, nano and other enhanced formulations, including some turmeric preparations, were mixed and are not interchangeable. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Individual product batches, constituent quantification, extraction, carriers and product-specific effects remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing conventional, nano, bioavailability-enhanced and turmeric preparations - Materials to obtain first: Trial-specific product, formulation and quantification specifications - Further research: Material needed: Trial-specific product, formulation and quantification specifications. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing conventional, nano, bioavailability-enhanced and turmeric preparations must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing conventional, nano, bioavailability-enhanced and turmeric preparations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N05 · Is the oral intervention extended to other routes? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The selected route is oral. Other routes, carriers and combinations are not treated as having the same effect. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The same HbA1c effect from other routes or combination products remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing swallowed formulations from skin/oral topical products and combinations - Materials to obtain first: Direct comparisons separated by route and intervention - Further research: Material needed: Direct comparisons separated by route and intervention. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing swallowed formulations from skin/oral topical products and combinations must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing swallowed formulations from skin/oral topical products and combinations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N06 · What are the trial-specific doses and optimum dose? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original describes approximately 80 mg to 1.5 g/day across trials, with no established single optimum dose. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact product-specific doses, active amounts, adherence and dose-response values remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Approximately 80 mg to 1.5 g/day and product-specific administration/adherence - Materials to obtain first: Trial-specific dose, product, adherence and dose-response material - Further research: Material needed: Trial-specific dose, product, adherence and dose-response material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Approximately 80 mg to 1.5 g/day and product-specific administration/adherence must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Approximately 80 mg to 1.5 g/day and product-specific administration/adherence is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N07 · Are duration and HbA1c measurement timepoints aligned? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained duration is mostly 8 weeks to 12 months, varying by trial. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Actual follow-up timepoints contributing to HbA1c, longer-term persistence and product-specific durations remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Trial-specific durations and measurement timepoints, mostly 8 weeks to 12 months - Materials to obtain first: Trial-specific visit, endpoint and follow-up tables - Further research: Material needed: Trial-specific visit, endpoint and follow-up tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial-specific durations and measurement timepoints, mostly 8 weeks to 12 months must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial-specific durations and measurement timepoints, mostly 8 weeks to 12 months is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N08 · Are glucose-lowering medicines, usual care and curcumin contributions distinguished? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The selected population continues usual treatment; the comparison is placebo or usual care. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific medicine types, doses, changes, rescue treatment, diet, exercise and adherence remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific continuation/changes of usual treatment, placebo and usual care - Materials to obtain first: Trial-specific concomitant medicine, care and rescue-treatment material - Further research: Material needed: Trial-specific concomitant medicine, care and rescue-treatment material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Arm-specific continuation/changes of usual treatment, placebo and usual care must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Arm-specific continuation/changes of usual treatment, placebo and usual care is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N09 · What is the main mixed-formulation meta-analysis report? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained bibliography records Bahari 2026, PMID 42005325, PMCID PMC13087110 and DOI 10.1002/fsn3.71748. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Current external bibliographic material, full text and inclusion tables remain unread here. - Required materials and conditions: Retained links for the Bahari report title, PMID, PMCID and DOI - Materials to obtain first: The original meta-analysis, bibliography and inclusion tables - Further research: Material needed: The original meta-analysis, bibliography and inclusion tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Retained links for the Bahari report title, PMID, PMCID and DOI must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Retained links for the Bahari report title, PMID, PMCID and DOI is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01 ### N10 · What is the nano-only meta-analysis report? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained bibliography records Ghoflchi 2026, PMID 42171191, PMCID PMC13239566 and DOI 10.1002/edm2.70242. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Current external bibliographic material, original article and inclusion tables remain unread. - Required materials and conditions: Retained links for the Ghoflchi report title, PMID, PMCID and DOI - Materials to obtain first: The original nano-only meta-analysis and inclusion tables - Further research: Material needed: The original nano-only meta-analysis and inclusion tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Retained links for the Ghoflchi report title, PMID, PMCID and DOI must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Retained links for the Ghoflchi report title, PMID, PMCID and DOI is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S02 ### N11 · What is the scope of registration, searching and protocols? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained registration field says unverified for both reports. The original evidence date is not the search end date. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Review registration, protocols, search strategies, search end dates and selection amendments remain unread. - Required materials and conditions: Review registration, search end date, eligibility and amendment history - Materials to obtain first: Review registration, protocol, search and selection material - Further research: Material needed: Review registration, protocol, search and selection material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Review registration, search end date, eligibility and amendment history must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Review registration, search end date, eligibility and amendment history is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N12 · Were the HbA1c endpoint and analysis choices prespecified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained selected endpoint is absolute HbA1c change. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original-trial prospective hierarchies, review endpoints, multiple outcomes, timepoint selection and analysis plans remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Endpoint hierarchy, timing and analysis of HbA1c in original trials and reviews - Materials to obtain first: Original-trial plans, review protocols and SAPs - Further research: Material needed: Original-trial plans, review protocols and SAPs. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Endpoint hierarchy, timing and analysis of HbA1c in original trials and reviews must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Endpoint hierarchy, timing and analysis of HbA1c in original trials and reviews is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N13 · Do 34 RCTs and 39 intervention arms use the same units? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained sample description is 34 RCTs and 39 intervention arms. Trials and arms are not converted into participants or independent replications. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact trials, comparisons and participant denominators contributing to HbA1c, and shared-control handling, remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Trial counts, intervention-arm counts and actual endpoint denominators in the main meta-analysis - Materials to obtain first: HbA1c inclusion tables, intervention arms and shared-control handling - Further research: Material needed: HbA1c inclusion tables, intervention arms and shared-control handling. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Trial counts, intervention-arm counts and actual endpoint denominators in the main meta-analysis must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Trial counts, intervention-arm counts and actual endpoint denominators in the main meta-analysis is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01 ### N14 · Which analysis is described by the nano review's 7 RCTs and 453 participants? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The retained sample description is 7 RCTs and 453 participants. These are not added to the main review's 34 RCTs/39 intervention arms. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Actual HbA1c contributing denominators, arm-specific analyses and original-trial completion counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: The nano review's 7 RCTs/453 participants versus HbA1c contributing denominators - Materials to obtain first: Nano-review endpoint-specific inclusion tables and original-trial flow - Further research: Material needed: Nano-review endpoint-specific inclusion tables and original-trial flow. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on The nano review's 7 RCTs/453 participants versus HbA1c contributing denominators must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on The nano review's 7 RCTs/453 participants versus HbA1c contributing denominators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S02 ### N15 · How were allocation, missingness and attrition handled in original trials? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: Both reports are retained as meta-analyses of randomized trials. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Individual trial allocation, concealment, ITT, missingness, attrition and review handling remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original-trial design, allocation, ITT, observation loss and synthesis handling - Materials to obtain first: Original-trial methods/flow and review extraction/analysis material - Further research: Material needed: Original-trial methods/flow and review extraction/analysis material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original-trial design, allocation, ITT, observation loss and synthesis handling must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original-trial design, allocation, ITT, observation loss and synthesis handling is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N16 · Are HbA1c measurement and baseline conditions comparable? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The selected endpoint is absolute HbA1c change. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Comparability of trial-specific assays, baseline values, diabetes status and follow-up timepoints remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Assays, units, baseline HbA1c and measurement timepoints - Materials to obtain first: Assay, baseline, timepoint and original result tables - Further research: Material needed: Assay, baseline, timepoint and original result tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Assays, units, baseline HbA1c and measurement timepoints must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Assays, units, baseline HbA1c and measurement timepoints is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N17 · What pooled estimate is WMD −0.32 percentage points? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The main retained result is WMD −0.32 percentage points, 95% CI −0.43 to −0.21, with significant heterogeneity. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The exact change-score/final-value analysis contract, weights, model and contributing product-specific values remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: HbA1c WMD and units across mixed populations and formulations - Materials to obtain first: Pooled results, model and original-trial contributions - Further research: Material needed: Pooled results, model and original-trial contributions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on HbA1c WMD and units across mixed populations and formulations must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on HbA1c WMD and units across mixed populations and formulations is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01 ### N18 · Can the WMD be used as a particular product's effect? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original states that claiming a particular product lowers HbA1c by 0.32 percentage points exceeds the evidence. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact direct estimates for a particular product, dose and type 2 diabetes conditions remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Separation of the pooled mean from formulation/product-specific direct effects - Materials to obtain first: Product-specific direct comparisons and subgroup material - Further research: Material needed: Product-specific direct comparisons and subgroup material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separation of the pooled mean from formulation/product-specific direct effects must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separation of the pooled mean from formulation/product-specific direct effects is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N19 · Are the mixed estimate's interval and heterogeneity retained together? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original 95% CI −0.43 to −0.21 is retained together with the significant-heterogeneity description. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact heterogeneity statistics, prediction intervals, sensitivity analyses and product-specific precision remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: WMD 95% CI and significant heterogeneity - Materials to obtain first: Heterogeneity, prediction-interval and sensitivity material - Further research: Material needed: Heterogeneity, prediction-interval and sensitivity material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on WMD 95% CI and significant heterogeneity must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on WMD 95% CI and significant heterogeneity is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01 ### N20 · What result is the nano-only SMD 0.19? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The nano review's retained result is SMD 0.19, 95% CI −1.26 to 1.65; reported as null. It remains alongside the small mixed mean. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: SMD standardization, direction, exact model and individual trial values remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Nano-only HbA1c SMD, 95% CI and no-significant-difference result - Materials to obtain first: Nano pooled model and original-trial results - Further research: Material needed: Nano pooled model and original-trial results. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Nano-only HbA1c SMD, 95% CI and no-significant-difference result must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Nano-only HbA1c SMD, 95% CI and no-significant-difference result is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S02 ### N21 · Are WMD and SMD compared directly as numbers? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The main review records WMD in percentage points; the nano review records SMD. These are not substituted as product effects in the same units. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: A direct comparison using the same units and analysis contract remains unverified. SMD is not newly converted into percentage points. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing absolute percentage points from standardized effect sizes - Materials to obtain first: Effect-unit, standardization and analysis-contract material - Further research: Material needed: Effect-unit, standardization and analysis-contract material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing absolute percentage points from standardized effect sizes must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing absolute percentage points from standardized effect sizes is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N22 · What do the nano-only no-significant-difference result and wide interval mean? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original states that the nano-only analysis found no significant effect and its confidence interval broadly included no effect. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact product-specific effects and adequate precision remain unverified. No significant difference is not established absence of effects for every product. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing the null description from uncertainty and the effect range - Materials to obtain first: Nano results, precision and product-specific material - Further research: Material needed: Nano results, precision and product-specific material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing the null description from uncertainty and the effect range must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing the null description from uncertainty and the effect range is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S02 ### N23 · Do the reviews share original trials? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The synthesis reports and their respective denominators remain separate. Review, trial and participant counts are not newly added. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact shared trials, multiple reports, unique participants and independent-replication counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Overlap among reports, original trials, intervention arms and participants - Materials to obtain first: Review inclusion lists and report–trial linkage tables - Further research: Material needed: Review inclusion lists and report–trial linkage tables. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Overlap among reports, original trials, intervention arms and participants must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Overlap among reports, original trials, intervention arms and participants is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N24 · How are original-trial formulation, population and duration differences retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original distinguishes the broad analysis mixing populations, formulations and doses from nano-only results. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact effects, interactions and testing plans for individual subgroups remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Heterogeneity by prediabetes/T2D, formulation, dose and duration - Materials to obtain first: Subgroup inclusion, effect and planning material - Further research: Material needed: Subgroup inclusion, effect and planning material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Heterogeneity by prediabetes/T2D, formulation, dose and duration must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Heterogeneity by prediabetes/T2D, formulation, dose and duration is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N25 · Is the approximately 0.3–0.5-point description additional independent evidence? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original describes reductions of approximately 0.3–0.5 percentage points across meta-analyses. This wording does not create new reports or independent-trial counts. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The additional reviews' bibliography, included/shared trials and exact results remain unverified in current inputs. - Required materials and conditions: Descriptions of directions across meta-analyses versus actual independent-trial relationships - Materials to obtain first: Additional review bibliography, inclusion tables and overlap links - Further research: Material needed: Additional review bibliography, inclusion tables and overlap links. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Descriptions of directions across meta-analyses versus actual independent-trial relationships must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Descriptions of directions across meta-analyses versus actual independent-trial relationships is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N26 · Is the HbA1c benefit clinically important? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original retains the small pooled mean together with its limitations. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Direct links to patient-important differences, longer-term clinical events and medication reduction remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Importance of absolute change, baseline HbA1c and clinical events - Materials to obtain first: Importance, baseline-condition and clinical-outcome material - Further research: Material needed: Importance, baseline-condition and clinical-outcome material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Importance of absolute change, baseline HbA1c and clinical events must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Importance of absolute change, baseline HbA1c and clinical events is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N27 · What is the scope of funding and no-conflict statements? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The main review is retained as reporting no author conflicts and mixed original-trial funding; the nano review as reporting no author conflicts. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Review funding/roles and original-trial funding/product-support details remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Separating review funding/author declarations from original-trial funding - Materials to obtain first: Review and original-trial funding/role statements - Further research: Material needed: Review and original-trial funding/role statements. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separating review funding/author declarations from original-trial funding must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separating review funding/author declarations from original-trial funding is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N28 · Are product support, employee authorship and conflicts separately verified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The generic retained English funding wording and no-author-conflict reports are preserved. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Individual product support, employee authorship, manufacturer roles and conflicts in trials/reviews remain incompletely verified. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing manufacturer product provision, author employment, conflicts and funding - Materials to obtain first: Original support, author-affiliation and conflict disclosures - Further research: Material needed: Original support, author-affiliation and conflict disclosures. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing manufacturer product provision, author employment, conflicts and funding must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing manufacturer product provision, author employment, conflicts and funding is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N29 · How were harms in the same populations and formulations collected? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original records the possibility of gastrointestinal symptoms from oral curcumin. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Product-specific event definitions, active collection, arm-specific harm counts and exposure/follow-up denominators remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Gastrointestinal symptoms, arm-specific collection and exposure denominators - Materials to obtain first: Product-specific adverse-event, collection and denominator material - Further research: Material needed: Product-specific adverse-event, collection and denominator material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Gastrointestinal symptoms, arm-specific collection and exposure denominators must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Gastrointestinal symptoms, arm-specific collection and exposure denominators is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N30 · Are formulation-specific interactions, vulnerable groups and longer-term harms alike? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original records that interaction data differ by formulation and describes precautions in the relevant situations. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Direct comparisons by concomitant medicine, longer-term harms, vulnerable groups and product-specific safety remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Anticoagulants/antiplatelets, liver/biliary disease, perioperative use and longer exposure - Materials to obtain first: Product, concomitant-medicine and longer-term harm material - Further research: Material needed: Product, concomitant-medicine and longer-term harm material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Anticoagulants/antiplatelets, liver/biliary disease, perioperative use and longer exposure must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Anticoagulants/antiplatelets, liver/biliary disease, perioperative use and longer exposure is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N31 · Is this extended to medicine replacement or complication prevention? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The original limits medicine-replacement and complication-prevention claims as exceeding this evidence. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Direct effects on treatment withdrawal/replacement and complication prevention remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Separating add-on HbA1c effects from treatment replacement and complication events - Materials to obtain first: Clinical outcomes for treatment replacement and complications - Further research: Material needed: Clinical outcomes for treatment replacement and complications. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separating add-on HbA1c effects from treatment replacement and complication events must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separating add-on HbA1c effects from treatment replacement and complication events is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N32 · What records are the current Korean/English wording, corrections and C/50? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: C/50, all axes, current Korean/English wording, the 2026-09-14 correction of 2 English fields and historical cross-checking remain historical values. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Individual before/after correction texts and full-text correspondence remain unread; clinical-content review remains incomplete. - Required materials and conditions: Preserving current English wording, the 2-field correction, grade, score, axes and historical checking - Materials to obtain first: Before/after correction, feedback and additional original material - Further research: Material needed: Before/after correction, feedback and additional original material. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Preserving current English wording, the 2-field correction, grade, score, axes and historical checking must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Preserving current English wording, the 2-field correction, grade, score, axes and historical checking is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N33 · What are the dates, empty original records and actual reading scope? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: The retained Korean and English summaries and bibliography were read. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread, with no access attempt. - Current findings: The full retained source material was used for preparation. 2026-09-08 is the original evidence date and 2026-09-14 the correction date. Empty subsidiary claims and additional discussion are retained. - Why unverified: Information in stored summaries is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs remain unread, with no access attempt. External source links were not access-tested. - Required materials and conditions: Original evidence/correction dates, empty values and stored-summary/external-unread scope - Materials to obtain first: Needed original material, subgroup analyses and plans when supplied - Further research: Material needed: Needed original material, subgroup analyses and plans when supplied. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original evidence/correction dates, empty values and stored-summary/external-unread scope must link to the relevant report, original trial, intervention arm, participant, endpoint, timepoint, effect units and denominator, distinguishing stored information from what remains unverified. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original evidence/correction dates, empty values and stored-summary/external-unread scope is needed to connect the relevant formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominator, trial overlap or harm scope. - Application exceptions: Prediabetes and established diabetes, mixed formulations and individual products, trials/arms/participants, and WMD percentage points versus SMD remain distinct. A pooled mean is not extended to guaranteed product effects, medicine replacement, complication prevention or overall safety. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps remain in product/diagnosis-specific direct effects, HbA1c contributing denominators, measurement/analysis, formulation-specific heterogeneity, precision, original-trial overlap, support and harms. Original numbers and grades do not constitute new calculations, reassessment or clinical validation. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish formulation, oral route, diagnosis, endpoint, duration, comparator, effect units, denominators, original-trial overlap, support and harms in the retained curcumin record. - Related sources: S01, S02 ## Evidence and sources ### S01 2026 · Mixed-formulation curcumin meta-analysis in prediabetes/type 2 diabetes [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42005325/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: WMD −0.32 percentage points, 95% CI −0.43 to −0.21; significant heterogeneity Record level: The retained 34 RCTs/39 intervention arms remain distinct from actual HbA1c contributing denominators. Gaps remain in mixed prediabetes, formulation-specific results, models and original-trial overlap; original external material remains unread here. Independent replication: The meta-analysis reports remain distinct from original trials, intervention arms and participants. Included-trial overlap, unique trials/participants and independent replication remain unrecorded. Different review sizes and additional-review narratives are not added. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Existing stored summary acquired | Stored summary | Stored summary read | Only the stored summary/bibliography was read for preparation. This is not full-text acquisition/reading or clinical validation. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | External article material | Original bibliography link only; external content unread | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The original PubMed link and PMCID PMC13087110 are retained as identifiers. Acquisition, public availability, successful access and actual reading of external articles, abstracts and full texts were not verified here. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | Registration material | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The registration identifier is retained as unverified. Actual review registration, timing, amendments, selection and endpoint correspondence remain unread; this does not establish nonregistration or prespecification. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | Protocol | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The protocol is unread. Searching, eligibility, principal endpoints, timepoints, comparisons, formulation-specific analyses and amendment histories were not verified. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | Statistical analysis plan | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Analysis plans are unread. Effect units, models, shared controls, missingness, heterogeneity, multiplicity and subgroup plans were not verified, and effect values were not reverse-calculated. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | Funding, product-support and conflict material | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The retained no-author-conflict statement and mixed original-trial funding are preserved. Review/original-trial funding, roles, product support, employee authorship and conflict disclosures remain separately unread; independence and overall safety are not certified. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | ### S02 2026 · Nano-only curcumin meta-analysis in type 2 diabetes [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42171191/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: SMD 0.19, 95% CI −1.26 to 1.65; reported as null Record level: The retained 7 RCTs/453 participants remain distinct from HbA1c contributing denominators. The wide interval, SMD units, direction, standardization, model and original-trial overlap gaps are retained without establishing absence of effects. Independent replication: The meta-analysis reports remain distinct from original trials, intervention arms and participants. Included-trial overlap, unique trials/participants and independent replication remain unrecorded. Different review sizes and additional-review narratives are not added. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Existing stored summary acquired | Stored summary | Stored summary read | Only the stored summary/bibliography was read for preparation. This is not full-text acquisition/reading or clinical validation. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | External article material | Original bibliography link only; external content unread | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The original PubMed link and PMCID PMC13239566 are retained as identifiers. Acquisition, public availability, successful access and actual reading of external articles, abstracts and full texts were not verified here. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | Registration material | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The registration identifier is retained as unverified. Actual review registration, timing, amendments, selection and endpoint correspondence remain unread; this does not establish nonregistration or prespecification. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | Protocol | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The protocol is unread. Searching, eligibility, principal endpoints, timepoints, comparisons, formulation-specific analyses and amendment histories were not verified. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | Statistical analysis plan | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | Analysis plans are unread. Effect units, models, shared controls, missingness, heterogeneity, multiplicity and subgroup plans were not verified, and effect values were not reverse-calculated. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | | Funding, product-support and conflict material | Needed material; existence and public availability unverified | Unread; no access attempt | Unread | The retained no-author-conflict statement is preserved. Review/original-trial funding, roles, product support, employee authorship and conflict disclosures remain separately unread; independence and overall safety are not certified. Only existing bibliography is linked; external articles, abstracts, full texts, review registration, protocols, analysis plans and support disclosures remain unread. A URL or PMCID alone does not establish acquisition, public availability, accessibility, reading, prespecification or fulfilled conditions. The 2026-09-08 date recorded for every material is the original evidence date, not an actual external-reading date. The 2026-10-06 date describes original production. Production dates and pending-review labels are not completed clinical-review/external-verification dates; actual verification dates remain unrecorded. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-24 · Public page/materials 1.0. The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 33 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.