# Oral vitamin C alone added to standard wound care × Complete healing and healing-time reduction in pressure ulcers Verdict 3026 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-23 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The scope is adults with pressure ulcers in institutional or hospital care. The main trial records 88 people across 11 nursing homes+1 hospital; the early study records 20 surgical patients. Ulcer stage, site, baseline area, infection, selection and nutritional/deficiency details remain unverified. - Ingredient, formulation and route: The intervention is a single-ingredient oral ascorbic acid supplement added to standard wound care. Study-specific salts, tablets/capsules, excipients, feedstock, manufacture and product identity remain unverified. Foods, multinutrient products, intravenous use and topical paste are not included as the same intervention. - Dose: The main trial records 500 mg versus 10 mg, each 2 times daily. The original record says the early study’s exact dose could not be rechecked in the paper body. Actual use and adherence remain unverified; no daily total, cumulative dose, optimal dose or individual dosing guidance is created. - Comparator: Low-dose vitamin C in the main trial is an active control, distinct from the early placebo comparison. Main results are not converted into a vitamin-free comparison or an effect of leaving deficiency uncorrected. Arm-specific balance of wound care, concurrent nutrition and infection treatment remains unverified. - Measured outcome: Complete epithelialisation, closure and healing time (H) remain distinct from area reduction (S). The main complete-healing Cox HR’s 90% precision interval is not relabelled 95% CI. The confidence level of the adjusted area-difference PI remains separately unverified. - Duration: The early 4-week and main 12-week periods are retained separately. Dosing duration, time to healing and area-assessment timing remain distinct; visits, censoring, post-discontinuation follow-up and all endpoint times remain unverified. Long-term or recurrence effects are not added. - Questions outside this scope: The question concerns single-ingredient oral C, complete healing and healing time in pressure ulcers. Multinutrient, diabetic foot, intravenous, topical-paste and food results are not transferred to it.; The existing D·34 points·Caution, H/R0/I2/E0/B1/C0 and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. Historical validation and independence descriptions remain historical records rather than new clinical certification.; The early 20 and main 88 people remain linked to their respective reports. Arm-specific, endpoint-specific, person/ulcer and event/censoring denominators remain unverified; participant, event and independent-replication totals are not calculated.; The 90% precision interval0.44–1.39 for main HR0.78 remains distinct from the separately unverified confidence level of adjusted area-difference PI−0.17~0.13. No 95% CI, RR, healing rate, day difference or new effect is calculated.; The original accounts of early positive area reduction and no improvement with additional high dosing in the main trial are retained together. The inability to separate deficient and nondeficient groups remains; results are not extended to unnecessary deficiency correction, equivalence or complete absence of effect.; The stored summary’s 2026 topical-paste registration with no results is a historical record. Registry identity, URL and results are not linked; it is not turned into a new positive oral trial or added report.; Existing caution about diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload with high oral C doses is retained. No new harm rate, causality, contraindication, long-term safety or individual dosing guidance is created. ## Checklist items ### N01 · What is the selected original claim? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selected claim is complete healing and reduced healing time in pressure ulcers, for single-ingredient oral vitamin C added to standard wound care. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Area reduction, multinutrient, diabetic foot, topical and intravenous results are not converted into the same question. - Required materials and conditions: Single-ingredient oral C, adults with pressure ulcers, complete healing/healing time and comparison - Materials to obtain first: Original population, intervention, comparator, endpoint and timing material - Further research: Material needed: Original population, intervention, comparator, endpoint and timing material This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Single-ingredient oral C, adults with pressure ulcers, complete healing/healing time and comparison must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Single-ingredient oral C, adults with pressure ulcers, complete healing/healing time and comparison is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N02 · Are current reading and past abstract checking distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The complete stored summary, 2 evidence entries, 2 citations and Korean/English content were used. Past abstract checking and unverified registration/protocol wording remain historical records. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and SAPs are unread and access unattempted here; past abstract checking is not inherited as current reading. - Required materials and conditions: Stored summaries, historical abstract-checking records and current external reading/acquisition - Materials to obtain first: Original material and actual access, acquisition and reading history - Further research: Material needed: Original material and actual access, acquisition and reading history This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Stored summaries, historical abstract-checking records and current external reading/acquisition must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Stored summaries, historical abstract-checking records and current external reading/acquisition is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N03 · What identifies the early report? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The early report of 20 people by Taylor TV et al., Lancet1974, PMID4140267 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91874-1 is preserved. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The complete original paper, registration and analysis details remain externally unread here. - Required materials and conditions: Taylor1974 title, PMID/DOI and report relationships - Materials to obtain first: Original paper, complete citation and related-report list - Further research: Material needed: Original paper, complete citation and related-report list This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Taylor1974 title, PMID/DOI and report relationships must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Taylor1974 title, PMID/DOI and report relationships is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01 ### N04 · What identifies the main report? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The main report of 88 people by ter Riet G, Kessels AG and Knipschild PG, J Clin Epidemiol1995, PMID8543959 and DOI10.1016/0895-4356(95)00053-4 is preserved. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Complete full text, registration/SAP and related-report families remain unread. - Required materials and conditions: ter Riet1995 title, PMID/DOI and trial relationships - Materials to obtain first: Original paper, trial/related reports and plan list - Further research: Material needed: Original paper, trial/related reports and plan list This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on ter Riet1995 title, PMID/DOI and trial relationships must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on ter Riet1995 title, PMID/DOI and trial relationships is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S02 ### N05 · Are studies, reports, people and ulcers kept separate? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The early 20 and main 88 people remain linked to each report, with periods, populations, comparisons and endpoints distinguished. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: New participant, ulcer, independent-trial and replication totals are not established; person versus lesion analysis remains unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Relationships among early/main studies, reports, participants, lesions and endpoint denominators - Materials to obtain first: Study-specific flow, lesion/person correspondence and related reports - Further research: Material needed: Study-specific flow, lesion/person correspondence and related reports This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Relationships among early/main studies, reports, participants, lesions and endpoint denominators must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Relationships among early/main studies, reports, participants, lesions and endpoint denominators is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N06 · Which adults with pressure ulcers are represented? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The main trial records 88 people across 11 nursing homes+1 hospital; the early study records 20 surgical patients. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Age, ulcer stage/site, baseline area, infection, inclusion/exclusion and applicability across different populations remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Institutional/hospital care, surgical patients, ulcer stage/site, baseline and selection - Materials to obtain first: Population selection and baseline/ulcer characteristic tables - Further research: Material needed: Population selection and baseline/ulcer characteristic tables This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Institutional/hospital care, surgical patients, ulcer stage/site, baseline and selection must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Institutional/hospital care, surgical patients, ulcer stage/site, baseline and selection is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N07 · Are deficiency correction and additional supplementation distinguished? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original account says effects cannot be separated by deficiency or nutritional status, limiting positive and negative generalizations. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Additional high-dose results are not converted into unnecessary deficiency correction or no effect in deficient groups. - Required materials and conditions: Baseline vitamin C, nutrition, deficiency prevalence and prespecified subgroups - Materials to obtain first: Baseline C/nutrition measurements, deficiency-specific denominators and prespecified interactions - Further research: Material needed: Baseline C/nutrition measurements, deficiency-specific denominators and prespecified interactions This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Baseline vitamin C, nutrition, deficiency prevalence and prespecified subgroups must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline vitamin C, nutrition, deficiency prevalence and prespecified subgroups is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N08 · Which vitamin C formulation is represented? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: This is a single-ingredient oral ascorbic acid supplement. No plant part is newly assigned to the purified nutrient. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Study-specific tablets/capsules, salts, excipients, feedstock, manufacturing process/country and marketed-product identity remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Single-ingredient ascorbic acid, oral route, tablets/capsules, salts/excipients - Materials to obtain first: Trial formulation, feedstock, salt, excipient and manufacturing specifications - Further research: Material needed: Trial formulation, feedstock, salt, excipient and manufacturing specifications This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Single-ingredient ascorbic acid, oral route, tablets/capsules, salts/excipients must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Single-ingredient ascorbic acid, oral route, tablets/capsules, salts/excipients is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N09 · Are main and early doses distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The main trial’s500 mg versus10 mg, each2 times daily, is preserved. The early dose was not rechecked in the original paper body, according to the citation record. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The early dose, actual use/adherence and product ingredients are not filled with the main dose; no new daily total is calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Main500 mg 2 times daily versus10 mg 2 times daily; exact early dose - Materials to obtain first: Study-specific dose, administration and adherence specifications - Further research: Material needed: Study-specific dose, administration and adherence specifications This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Main500 mg 2 times daily versus10 mg 2 times daily; exact early dose must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Main500 mg 2 times daily versus10 mg 2 times daily; exact early dose is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N10 · Does active low-dose control differ from the early placebo? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The main comparator is active low-dose C rather than a vitamin-free placebo. The early placebo comparison remains separate. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Main results are not transferred to a comparison with no C or effects of leaving deficiency untreated; early placebo specifications remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Main low-dose C, early placebo and actual standard-care comparisons - Materials to obtain first: Study-specific comparator, administration and ingredient specifications - Further research: Material needed: Study-specific comparator, administration and ingredient specifications This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Main low-dose C, early placebo and actual standard-care comparisons must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Main low-dose C, early placebo and actual standard-care comparisons is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N11 · What common wound care and nutrition were provided? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original account compares high/low-dose C added to standard wound care and says this is not a multinutrient ingredient-attribution trial. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Specific wound care, concurrent nutrition, infection treatment, arm-specific changes/adherence and balance remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific dressings, pressure relief, standard care, nutrition and other treatment - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific care/nutrition, changes and rescue-treatment records - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific care/nutrition, changes and rescue-treatment records This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Arm-specific dressings, pressure relief, standard care, nutrition and other treatment must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Arm-specific dressings, pressure relief, standard care, nutrition and other treatment is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S02 ### N12 · How were the early and main studies allocated? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The early study is double-blind controlled with randomization/analysis details unverified; the main trial is preserved as multicentre blinded randomized·ITT. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The early study is not promoted to verified randomization; sequence generation, concealment and baseline balance in both studies remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Early double-blind controlled design; main multicentre blinded randomized design; allocation/concealment - Materials to obtain first: Original methods, allocation/concealment and baseline tables - Further research: Material needed: Original methods, allocation/concealment and baseline tables This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Early double-blind controlled design; main multicentre blinded randomized design; allocation/concealment must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Early double-blind controlled design; main multicentre blinded randomized design; allocation/concealment is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N13 · How were ulcer measurement and healing assessment masked? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The masked-design wording and complete-healing/area results are preserved. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Assessor masking, measurement tools, complete-epithelialisation assessment, repeated measures and visit differences remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Assessors, complete-epithelialisation criteria, area methods and arm-specific measurement - Materials to obtain first: Measurement/assessment rules, assessor procedures and measurement records - Further research: Material needed: Measurement/assessment rules, assessor procedures and measurement records This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Assessors, complete-epithelialisation criteria, area methods and arm-specific measurement must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Assessors, complete-epithelialisation criteria, area methods and arm-specific measurement is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N14 · Are4 weeks,12 weeks and time to healing distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Main12-week and early4-week periods are preserved separately, distinguishing treatment duration, time to healing and area-assessment timing. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Visit schedules, end of observation, censoring, post-discontinuation follow-up and all endpoint times remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Early4 weeks, main12 weeks and healing observation/censoring schedules - Materials to obtain first: Dosing, observation, visit and censoring schedules - Further research: Material needed: Dosing, observation, visit and censoring schedules This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Early4 weeks, main12 weeks and healing observation/censoring schedules must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Early4 weeks, main12 weeks and healing observation/censoring schedules is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N15 · Are complete healing and area reduction the same endpoint? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Complete epithelialisation/healing time (H) remains distinct from area reduction (S). The early report is positive for area; the main trial includes complete-healing survival analysis. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Area reduction is not substituted for complete-healing events or reduced healing time. - Required materials and conditions: Hierarchy of complete epithelialisation/closure and healing time H versus area S - Materials to obtain first: Endpoint definitions, prespecified hierarchy, complete-healing events and area tables - Further research: Material needed: Endpoint definitions, prespecified hierarchy, complete-healing events and area tables This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Hierarchy of complete epithelialisation/closure and healing time H versus area S must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Hierarchy of complete epithelialisation/closure and healing time H versus area S is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N16 · What are the early positive area results? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Mean area reduction84% versus42.7%, P<.005 is retained as originally recorded. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original-trial95%CI, complete-healing event counts, arm-specific/lesion analysis denominators and dispersion remain unverified; review-calculated CI is not used as an original value. - Required materials and conditions: 20 people,4 weeks, mean area reduction, dispersion/denominators/intervals - Materials to obtain first: Early original result tables, dispersion, denominators and intervals - Further research: Material needed: Early original result tables, dispersion, denominators and intervals This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on 20 people,4 weeks, mean area reduction, dispersion/denominators/intervals must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on 20 people,4 weeks, mean area reduction, dispersion/denominators/intervals is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01 ### N17 · What do the main HR and90% interval represent? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Complete-healing Cox HR0.78,90% precision interval0.44–1.39 is preserved. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: 90% is not promoted to95%CI; exact P, original95%CI and arm-specific healing/censoring denominators remain unverified; no new interval is calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Cox complete-healing HR, original90% precision interval and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Original Cox methods/results, events/censoring and original intervals - Further research: Material needed: Original Cox methods/results, events/censoring and original intervals This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Cox complete-healing HR, original90% precision interval and denominators must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Cox complete-healing HR, original90% precision interval and denominators is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S02 ### N18 · What are the main area-healing and adjusted-difference interval results? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Mean area healing0.21 versus0.27cm²/week and adjusted-difference PI−0.17~0.13 are preserved. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The confidence level of that adjusted-difference PI remains separately unverified; the HR’s90% is not automatically inherited, and no point estimate, P or95%CI is newly calculated. - Required materials and conditions: 0.21 versus0.27cm²/week, adjusted-difference PI and interval level - Materials to obtain first: Original area model/results, adjustment terms and interval level - Further research: Material needed: Original area model/results, adjustment terms and interval level This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on 0.21 versus0.27cm²/week, adjusted-difference PI and interval level must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on 0.21 versus0.27cm²/week, adjusted-difference PI and interval level is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S02 ### N19 · Is the HR kept distinct from other treatment-effect measures? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The main result is a Cox HR from healing survival analysis, distinct from area in cm²/week. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The HR is not converted into healing rate, RR, time difference or area effect; proportional hazards, censoring and adjustment details remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Time-to-event effect, observation/censoring, proportional hazards and interpretation direction - Materials to obtain first: Cox model, censoring, adjustment, assumptions and original results - Further research: Material needed: Cox model, censoring, adjustment, assumptions and original results This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Time-to-event effect, observation/censoring, proportional hazards and interpretation direction must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Time-to-event effect, observation/censoring, proportional hazards and interpretation direction is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S02 ### N20 · What are the88-person, arm/endpoint and person/lesion denominators? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original main record of88 people across11 nursing homes+1 hospital is retained. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The account leaves arm/endpoint denominators, healing events/censoring and person/lesion correspondence unverified; no new event counts or totals are calculated. - Required materials and conditions: 88 people overall, institutions, allocation/measurement/analysis, complete-healing events and ulcer denominators - Materials to obtain first: Participant flow and person/ulcer, endpoint-specific event/denominator tables - Further research: Material needed: Participant flow and person/ulcer, endpoint-specific event/denominator tables This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on 88 people overall, institutions, allocation/measurement/analysis, complete-healing events and ulcer denominators must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on 88 people overall, institutions, allocation/measurement/analysis, complete-healing events and ulcer denominators is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S02 ### N21 · How were attrition, ITT and facility structure handled? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The main multicentre ITT design and unverified early randomization/analysis details are preserved. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Specific ITT handling, attrition reasons, facility differences, lesion clustering/repeated measures and sensitivity remain unverified; ITT alone does not establish completed robustness checks. - Required materials and conditions: ITT/missingness, attrition, facility/lesion clustering and analysis units - Materials to obtain first: Original analysis, missingness/attrition, facilities/analysis units and sensitivity - Further research: Material needed: Original analysis, missingness/attrition, facilities/analysis units and sensitivity This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on ITT/missingness, attrition, facility/lesion clustering and analysis units must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on ITT/missingness, attrition, facility/lesion clustering and analysis units is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N22 · Were prespecified endpoints, registration and plans checked? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Both reports record registration numbers as not found. Early complete-healing prespecification and main official registration/SAP remain unverified. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Current registration/plans are unread and access unattempted; absence of registration or a specific prespecified1st endpoint is not newly established. - Required materials and conditions: Registration, protocol, SAP and endpoints/timing/analysis/changes - Materials to obtain first: Registration history, protocol, SAP and complete results - Further research: Material needed: Registration history, protocol, SAP and complete results This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Registration, protocol, SAP and endpoints/timing/analysis/changes must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Registration, protocol, SAP and endpoints/timing/analysis/changes is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N23 · Are early positive and main negative results both preserved? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Early positive area reduction and the original main account of no improvement in complete healing/area remain together. The original conflict interpretation is preserved as historical wording. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Results for different endpoints/comparisons are not combined as one effect, and nonsignificance is not newly judged as effect0 or equivalence. - Required materials and conditions: Differences in population, duration, comparison, area/complete healing and positive/null findings - Materials to obtain first: Study-specific results, formulation/population/nutrition, denominators and plans - Further research: Material needed: Study-specific results, formulation/population/nutrition, denominators and plans This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Differences in population, duration, comparison, area/complete healing and positive/null findings must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Differences in population, duration, comparison, area/complete healing and positive/null findings is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N24 · What is the precision of the main null and important difference? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original account says exaggerating a90% interval as95% misrepresents precision and limits generalization by deficiency status. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Exact95%CI, important difference, adequate power and deficiency-specific effects remain unverified; complete absence of effect is not newly established. - Required materials and conditions: Plausible effect range,90% interval and justified important difference - Materials to obtain first: Original intervals, sample-size plan, important difference and nutrition-specific results - Further research: Material needed: Original intervals, sample-size plan, important difference and nutrition-specific results This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Plausible effect range,90% interval and justified important difference must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Plausible effect range,90% interval and justified important difference is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S02 ### N25 · What are independence, original funding and product support? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Early funding is unverified; main funding, manufacturer and employee authors are unverified. The original independent-trial/I2 descriptions remain historical values. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Original funding, product/free support, employment, patents and COI remain unread here; unverified is not converted into none or current independence certification. - Required materials and conditions: Original funding, manufacturer, product provision, employee authors and COI records - Materials to obtain first: Funding, product, employment and COI specifications for each report - Further research: Material needed: Funding, product, employment and COI specifications for each report This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original funding, manufacturer, product provision, employee authors and COI records must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original funding, manufacturer, product provision, employee authors and COI records is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N26 · What unique replication addresses the same oral question? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The two stored reports distinguish early4-week area/placebo and main12-week complete-healing/area/active-low-dose comparisons. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: The2 reports are not established as independent positive replications of the same outcome; current complete study/participant totals have not been searched. - Required materials and conditions: Family relationships for the same formulation, population, comparison and complete healing/time - Materials to obtain first: Related reports and direct trials addressing the same question - Further research: Material needed: Related reports and direct trials addressing the same question This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Family relationships for the same formulation, population, comparison and complete healing/time must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Family relationships for the same formulation, population, comparison and complete healing/time is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N27 · Is the topical-registration summary kept separate from an oral trial? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored summary describes a2026 new registration as topical paste with no results yet. It is not counted as a new positive oral trial. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Registry identity/URL/results are not linked in this summary and external registration was not read here; no new S03 is created. - Required materials and conditions: Topical registration/results, route/formulation and oral directness - Materials to obtain first: Original topical registration/results and exact formulation/route - Further research: Material needed: Original topical registration/results and exact formulation/route This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Topical registration/results, route/formulation and oral directness must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Topical registration/results, route/formulation and oral directness is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N28 · Is the question kept separate from combinations, diabetic foot and intravenous use? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The account does not substitute multinutrient or diabetic foot ulcer results and does not automatically include foods, combination products or intravenous use. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Numbers for other wounds, combinations or routes are not transferred to this question. - Required materials and conditions: Single-ingredient oral pressure-ulcer question versus other ingredient/route/wound questions - Materials to obtain first: Separate direct material for each combination, route and wound - Further research: Material needed: Separate direct material for each combination, route and wound This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Single-ingredient oral pressure-ulcer question versus other ingredient/route/wound questions must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Single-ingredient oral pressure-ulcer question versus other ingredient/route/wound questions is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N29 · What are long-term, dose-specific and nutrition-specific effects? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The main12-week and early4-week scope and inability to separate deficiency strata are retained. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Optimality of other doses, long-term recurrence/persistence and nutritional-subgroup effects/interactions remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direct dose, deficiency/nutrition, long-term/recurrence and prespecified subgroups - Materials to obtain first: Direct dose, long-term and baseline nutrition/subgroup material - Further research: Material needed: Direct dose, long-term and baseline nutrition/subgroup material This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct dose, deficiency/nutrition, long-term/recurrence and prespecified subgroups must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct dose, deficiency/nutrition, long-term/recurrence and prespecified subgroups is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N30 · Are collagen mechanisms distinguished from clinical healing? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The account says a need for collagen synthesis does not establish accelerated clinical healing with additional high dosing. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Mechanisms do not fill clinical-effect gaps, and infection, quality-of-life, mortality or recurrence effects are not newly extended from healing/area material. - Required materials and conditions: Mechanism, area, complete healing and separate quality-of-life/infection outcomes - Materials to obtain first: Direct material for selected endpoints and separate clinical outcomes - Further research: Material needed: Direct material for selected endpoints and separate clinical outcomes This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Mechanism, area, complete healing and separate quality-of-life/infection outcomes must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Mechanism, area, complete healing and separate quality-of-life/infection outcomes is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N31 · How were harms of high-dose oral C collected? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original safety state is Caution. Original wording on possible diarrhea/gastrointestinal discomfort and limited study-specific event counts is preserved. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific events, collection, severity, discontinuation and denominators/periods remain unverified; unreported is not converted into0 or safe. - Required materials and conditions: Event definitions/collection, arm/exposure denominators and discontinuation - Materials to obtain first: Adverse-event, collection and discontinuation tables for each study - Further research: Material needed: Adverse-event, collection and discontinuation tables for each study This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Event definitions/collection, arm/exposure denominators and discontinuation must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Event definitions/collection, arm/exposure denominators and discontinuation is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N32 · What are the harm comparisons, timing and baseline predispositions? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original caution about gastrointestinal discomfort with high oral doses, stone predisposition, kidney disease and iron overload is preserved. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Between-group harm size, specific causes, withdrawal/recovery, re-exposure and cointervention effects remain unverified; no new incidence or causality judgment is made. - Required materials and conditions: High/low dose/placebo, cointerventions, kidney/stone/iron risks, timeline and alternatives - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific exposure/events, timelines and baseline/cointervention material - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific exposure/events, timelines and baseline/cointervention material This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on High/low dose/placebo, cointerventions, kidney/stone/iron risks, timeline and alternatives must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on High/low dose/placebo, cointerventions, kidney/stone/iron risks, timeline and alternatives is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N33 · What are long-term/rare harms and special populations? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The short pressure-ulcer studies and original safety-caution scope are retained. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Limited study-specific event counts do not establish absence of long-term/rare harms or safety in all special populations. - Required materials and conditions: Long-term/rare events, population-specific direct exposure and interactions - Materials to obtain first: Long-term and baseline-disease-specific exposure/harm material - Further research: Material needed: Long-term and baseline-disease-specific exposure/harm material This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term/rare events, population-specific direct exposure and interactions must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term/rare events, population-specific direct exposure and interactions is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ### N34 · How are original D34, assessment values, evidence date and change records preserved? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries and bibliography for both reports read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: D34, original assessment values, past independent cross-checking wording, original verdict date2026-09-07 and Korean/English content are preserved. Original correction, subclaim and deliberation records are empty. The current production date is not converted into a completed review date. - Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified. - Reason for missing information: Past H/I2/R0/E0 values are not inherited as current review completion; current withdrawals, new papers and registrations have not been searched; empty corrections are not extended into a complete search finding no corrections. - Required materials and conditions: Original grade/score, assessment values, Korean/English, evidence date, change history and past validation - Materials to obtain first: Original verdict/change history, additional material and user comments - Further research: Material needed: Original verdict/change history, additional material and user comments This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original grade/score, assessment values, Korean/English, evidence date, change history and past validation must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original grade/score, assessment values, Korean/English, evidence date, change history and past validation is needed to connect the selected oral monotherapy and pressure-ulcer question to its population, comparison, endpoint, timing, denominator or harms. - Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy pressure-ulcer healing remains separate from topical paste, intravenous use, multinutrient products, diabetic foot ulcers and mechanisms. Complete healing and area, people and ulcers, and early and main studies are not combined; no new effects, intervals, P values, event counts, harm rates or dose totals are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original products, nutritional status, arm-specific and endpoint-specific denominators, plans, support and harms remain. Area reduction is not converted into complete healing, active low-dose control into a vitamin-free placebo, or limited harm records into overall safety. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish populations, oral monotherapy, active low-dose control, standard care, complete healing and area, timing, reports and trials, person and lesion denominators, and harms. - Related sources: S01, S02 ## Evidence and sources ### S01 Taylor et al. 1974 · Early pressure-sore area study [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4140267/) Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: Mean area reduction84% versus42.7%, P<.005. Original-trial95%CI and complete-healing event counts remain unverified. Review-calculated CI is not used as an original-trial value. Record level: The record concerns 20 surgical patients. Randomization, analysis details and arm-specific/lesion analysis denominators remain unverified. Independent replication: The two stored reports remain distinct as the early area/placebo study and main complete-healing/area/active-low-dose trial. Report counts are not converted into independent positive replications of the same question. Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID4140267; DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91874-1. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External paper | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID4140267; DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91874-1. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID4140267; DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91874-1. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID4140267; DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91874-1. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Statistical analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID4140267; DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91874-1. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Funding, product support and COI material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID4140267; DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91874-1. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | ### S02 ter Riet et al. 1995 · Main pressure-ulcer healing trial [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8543959/) Materials actually read: Summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: Complete-healing Cox HR0.78 [90% precision interval0.44–1.39]. Mean area healing0.21 versus0.27cm²/week. The confidence level of adjusted-difference PI−0.17~0.13 remains separately unverified. ExactP and95%CI remain unverified. Record level: The record concerns 88 people in 11 nursing homes+1 hospital. Arm-specific, endpoint-specific, person/ulcer and event/censoring denominators remain unverified. Independent replication: The two stored reports remain distinct as the early area/placebo study and main complete-healing/area/active-low-dose trial. Report counts are not converted into independent positive replications of the same question. Unique trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID8543959; DOI10.1016/0895-4356(95)00053-4. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | External paper | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID8543959; DOI10.1016/0895-4356(95)00053-4. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID8543959; DOI10.1016/0895-4356(95)00053-4. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID8543959; DOI10.1016/0895-4356(95)00053-4. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Statistical analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID8543959; DOI10.1016/0895-4356(95)00053-4. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | | Funding, product support and COI material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID8543959; DOI10.1016/0895-4356(95)00053-4. Past abstract checking is a historical bibliography record. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-23 · Public page/materials 1.0. The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 34 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.