# Single-ingredient oral vitamin C × Relief of nasal symptoms in allergic rhinitis

Verdict 3025 · Evidence Check

Stored-material review date: Not recorded  
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07  
Review-criteria version: 1.0  
Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-23

Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect.

## Assessment scope

- Population: The selected scope is adults with allergic rhinitis. Detailed diagnosis, baseline nasal symptoms, allergens, season/environment, selection and comorbidity data remain unverified. Participants in the separate skin-test study are not automatically treated as the same clinical rhinitis population.
- Ingredient, formulation and route: The intervention is a single-ingredient oral ascorbic acid supplement. Feedstock, process, country and study-specific salt, tablet/capsule, excipients and product remain unverified. Foods, combined exercise, combination products and intravenous infusion are excluded from the oral monotherapy effect.
- Dose: The main comparison is recorded as 1 g/day. Precise salt, tablet composition, dosing frequency, actual use and adherence remain unverified. No active-dose conversion, cumulative dose, optimal dose or individual dosing guidance is created.
- Comparator: The comparator is a sugar placebo tablet. Actual composition, packaging, allocation concealment, participant/assessor masking and comparability of antihistamines, nasal medicines, rescue medication and lifestyle care remain unverified. A placebo-comparison record is not promoted to verified randomization or masking.
- Measured outcome: The endpoints are total nasal symptom score (TNSS), obstruction, discharge, sneezing and rescue-medication use. Prespecified primary (1st) TNSS, scale, timing, baseline adjustment, denominators and exact between-group effect, 95% CI and P remain unverified. Plasma C, histamine and dust-mite skin wheals are separate outcomes.
- Duration: Individual dosing, follow-up and nasal-symptom assessment periods remain unverified. The 1.5-year study-conduct period is not converted into 1.5 years of individual use or long-term/persistent effects. Original dosing, recruitment/conduct and follow-up schedules must remain distinct.
- Questions outside this scope: The selected question concerns single-ingredient oral C, nasal symptoms and rescue medication in adults with allergic rhinitis. It is not extended to combined exercise, combination products, intravenous infusion, skin markers or equivalence to antihistamines.; The existing C·46 points·Caution, assessment values, Korean/English descriptions, original rationale for the operational midpoint I1 and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. Unverified independence is not converted into a strength or new certification.; The 40 people in R01 do not establish arm-specific allocation, completion, TNSS analysis or safety denominators. R02 records 103 starting and 89 completing (C44/control45) in a separate skin-test study. Participant totals, arm sizes and new attrition counts are not calculated.; The 1.5-year study-conduct period in R01 remains distinct from unverified individual dosing duration. No 1.5-year treatment, long-term/persistent effect or cumulative dose is created.; Gaps in exact between-group TNSS, rescue medication, effect size, 95% CI and P remain. Numbers are not reconstructed from an improvement abstract, and unverified results are not converted into no effect, a precise null or equivalence.; Original skin-wheal changes, ± and P values from the separate study are retained. The ± type is not assumed, and a lack of skin-marker difference is not converted into direct clinical-symptom replication or refutation.; Existing caution about diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload with high oral C doses is retained. No new harm incidence, event causality, contraindication, long-term safety or individual dosing guidance is created.

## Checklist items

### N01 · Which allergic-rhinitis question is addressed?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The selected question is relief of nasal obstruction, discharge and sneezing. A clinical symptom comparison between oral monotherapy and suitable placebo is needed; intravenous treatment, combinations and skin markers are excluded from the direct effect.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original eligibility, intervention/comparator details, nasal-symptom/rescue-medication results and denominators are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Adults with allergic rhinitis, single-ingredient oral C, nasal symptoms, rescue medication and placebo
- Materials to obtain first: Original eligibility, intervention/comparator details, nasal-symptom/rescue-medication results and denominators are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original eligibility, intervention/comparator details, nasal-symptom/rescue-medication results and denominators are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Adults with allergic rhinitis, single-ingredient oral C, nasal symptoms, rescue medication and placebo must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Adults with allergic rhinitis, single-ingredient oral C, nasal symptoms, rescue medication and placebo is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N02 · Are ascorbic acid, salt and tablet composition known?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The scope remains a single-ingredient ascorbic acid supplement, but study-specific salt, tablet/capsule, excipients, feedstock, process and country remain unverified. Equivalence of other products is not established.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original product names, ingredients, salts, excipients and manufacturing records are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Single ingredient, salt, tablet/capsule, excipients, feedstock and manufacturing
- Materials to obtain first: Original product names, ingredients, salts, excipients and manufacturing records are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original product names, ingredients, salts, excipients and manufacturing records are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Single ingredient, salt, tablet/capsule, excipients, feedstock and manufacturing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Single ingredient, salt, tablet/capsule, excipients, feedstock and manufacturing is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N03 · What is known about 1 g/day and actual exposure?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The main comparison is recorded as 1 g/day. Precise salt, tablet composition, frequency, actual use and adherence remain unverified. No active-dose conversion, recommended dose or cumulative dose is created.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Dosing, product, frequency, adherence, actual use and discontinuation records are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Main comparison dose, frequency, actual use and adherence
- Materials to obtain first: Dosing, product, frequency, adherence, actual use and discontinuation records are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Dosing, product, frequency, adherence, actual use and discontinuation records are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Main comparison dose, frequency, actual use and adherence must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Main comparison dose, frequency, actual use and adherence is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N04 · Are the 1.5-year study-conduct period and individual dosing duration distinguished?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: Individual dosing duration remains unverified. The original 1.5-year study-conduct period is not described as 1.5 years of treatment or long-term/persistent benefit.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original registration, recruitment/conduct dates, individual dosing, follow-up and assessment schedules are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Study-conduct period, individual exposure, follow-up and symptom-assessment timing
- Materials to obtain first: Original registration, recruitment/conduct dates, individual dosing, follow-up and assessment schedules are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original registration, recruitment/conduct dates, individual dosing, follow-up and assessment schedules are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Study-conduct period, individual exposure, follow-up and symptom-assessment timing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Study-conduct period, individual exposure, follow-up and symptom-assessment timing is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N05 · Are adult diagnosis, baseline symptoms and seasonality known?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The selected scope concerns adults with allergic rhinitis and direct oral monotherapy evidence. Detailed diagnosis, baseline symptoms, environment and arm composition remain unverified in stored summaries.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original diagnosis, selection/exclusion, baseline symptoms, season/environment, comorbidities and arm-composition tables are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, selection, baseline TNSS, allergens, season/environment and comorbidity
- Materials to obtain first: Original diagnosis, selection/exclusion, baseline symptoms, season/environment, comorbidities and arm-composition tables are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original diagnosis, selection/exclusion, baseline symptoms, season/environment, comorbidities and arm-composition tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Diagnosis, selection, baseline TNSS, allergens, season/environment and comorbidity must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Diagnosis, selection, baseline TNSS, allergens, season/environment and comorbidity is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N06 · What were the sugar-placebo and comparable-care conditions?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The comparator is a sugar placebo tablet. Actual composition, masking and comparability of usual treatment, antihistamines, nasal medicines, rescue medication and lifestyle care remain unverified.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original placebo, packaging, allocation/masking, concomitant treatment, rescue medication and lifestyle-care records are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Sugar-tablet composition, packaging, allocation/masking, concomitant care and rescue medication
- Materials to obtain first: Original placebo, packaging, allocation/masking, concomitant treatment, rescue medication and lifestyle-care records are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original placebo, packaging, allocation/masking, concomitant treatment, rescue medication and lifestyle-care records are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Sugar-tablet composition, packaging, allocation/masking, concomitant care and rescue medication must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Sugar-tablet composition, packaging, allocation/masking, concomitant care and rescue medication is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N07 · Is C alone separated from combined exercise, combinations and intravenous infusion?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: Combined exercise, skin testing, intravenous and combination evidence remain distinct from the clinical symptom effect of oral C alone. Effects of exercise plus C are not converted into C-alone estimates.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original arms/intervention conditions and a separately identifiable monotherapy contrast are needed. Unidentified reports are not invented.
- Required materials and conditions: Original oral monotherapy contrast and separation of other interventions
- Materials to obtain first: Original arms/intervention conditions and a separately identifiable monotherapy contrast are needed. Unidentified reports are not invented.
- Further research: Material needed: Original arms/intervention conditions and a separately identifiable monotherapy contrast are needed. Unidentified reports are not invented. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Original oral monotherapy contrast and separation of other interventions must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Original oral monotherapy contrast and separation of other interventions is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N08 · Are the 40 people and arm-specific analysis denominators known?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The original R01 sample size is 40. Exact arm-specific allocation, analysis, completion and endpoint denominators remain unverified. People are not arbitrarily divided into arms or added together.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original arm-specific flow, allocation, analysis, completion and endpoint denominators are needed. No new attrition count is calculated.
- Required materials and conditions: Overall size, arm allocation, analysis, completion and TNSS denominators
- Materials to obtain first: Original arm-specific flow, allocation, analysis, completion and endpoint denominators are needed. No new attrition count is calculated.
- Further research: Material needed: Original arm-specific flow, allocation, analysis, completion and endpoint denominators are needed. No new attrition count is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Overall size, arm allocation, analysis, completion and TNSS denominators must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Overall size, arm allocation, analysis, completion and TNSS denominators is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N09 · Are randomization and masking correctly left unverified?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: R01 is recorded as a placebo-controlled human study, but randomization and masking remain unverified. An improvement abstract is not promoted to a verified randomized or masked trial.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original methods, registration, protocol and allocation/masking records are needed. No new official risk or certainty assessment is created.
- Required materials and conditions: Allocation sequence, concealment and participant/assessor masking
- Materials to obtain first: Original methods, registration, protocol and allocation/masking records are needed. No new official risk or certainty assessment is created.
- Further research: Material needed: Original methods, registration, protocol and allocation/masking records are needed. No new official risk or certainty assessment is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Allocation sequence, concealment and participant/assessor masking must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Allocation sequence, concealment and participant/assessor masking is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N10 · What are the original total and individual nasal-symptom results?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The R01 stored summary retains the abstract conclusion of improvement, but exact between-group TNSS, effect size, CI and P remain unverified. No numerical improvement estimate is invented.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original endpoint definitions, between-group tables, baseline/change values, individual symptoms, denominators and assessment times are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Between-group estimates for TNSS, obstruction, discharge and sneezing
- Materials to obtain first: Original endpoint definitions, between-group tables, baseline/change values, individual symptoms, denominators and assessment times are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original endpoint definitions, between-group tables, baseline/change values, individual symptoms, denominators and assessment times are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Between-group estimates for TNSS, obstruction, discharge and sneezing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Between-group estimates for TNSS, obstruction, discharge and sneezing is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N11 · Are rescue-medication outcomes distinguished from nasal symptoms?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The stored R01 result records that rescue-medication results are not provided. A symptom-improvement conclusion is not converted into reduced medication use.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original rescue-medication conditions, amounts/frequency, denominators, timing and result tables are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Rescue-medication type, rules, arm-specific use, denominators and timing
- Materials to obtain first: Original rescue-medication conditions, amounts/frequency, denominators, timing and result tables are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original rescue-medication conditions, amounts/frequency, denominators, timing and result tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Rescue-medication type, rules, arm-specific use, denominators and timing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Rescue-medication type, rules, arm-specific use, denominators and timing is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N12 · Are gaps in effect size, 95% CI and P retained?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The original R01 between-group effect, CI and P remain unverified. Wording that leaves open a possibility is not converted into confirmation, a precise null or equivalence, and numbers are not reconstructed from the abstract.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original values, variance, arm denominators, model and CI/P are needed. No new effect or interval is calculated.
- Required materials and conditions: Exact effect, variance and uncertainty versus suitable placebo
- Materials to obtain first: Original values, variance, arm denominators, model and CI/P are needed. No new effect or interval is calculated.
- Further research: Material needed: Original values, variance, arm denominators, model and CI/P are needed. No new effect or interval is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Exact effect, variance and uncertainty versus suitable placebo must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Exact effect, variance and uncertainty versus suitable placebo is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N13 · Are prespecified 1st TNSS and reporting hierarchy known?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The existing endpoint record concerns symptoms/signs and plasma C; prespecified 1st TNSS designation remains unverified. The abstract alone does not establish a prospective hierarchy.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original registration, protocol, analysis plan, endpoints/times and complete result tables are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Prespecified plans for TNSS, signs, plasma C and assessment times
- Materials to obtain first: Original registration, protocol, analysis plan, endpoints/times and complete result tables are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original registration, protocol, analysis plan, endpoints/times and complete result tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Prespecified plans for TNSS, signs, plasma C and assessment times must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified plans for TNSS, signs, plasma C and assessment times is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N14 · What were symptom assessment, baseline adjustment and analysis sets?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: Exact TNSS and analysis conditions in R01 remain unverified in stored summaries. No new scale, method, baseline adjustment or analysis set is assigned.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original assessments, times, baseline/adjustment, variance, allocation-based/completer analyses and statistical tables are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Scale, assessor, baseline scores, final/change values and estimand
- Materials to obtain first: Original assessments, times, baseline/adjustment, variance, allocation-based/completer analyses and statistical tables are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original assessments, times, baseline/adjustment, variance, allocation-based/completer analyses and statistical tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Scale, assessor, baseline scores, final/change values and estimand must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Scale, assessor, baseline scores, final/change values and estimand is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N15 · What is known about missingness, attrition and treatment changes?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The 40-person record does not provide exact arm-specific analysis denominators. Unread material is not converted into absence of missingness, attrition or treatment changes.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original flow, exclusion reasons, treatment changes, missing-data handling and sensitivity material are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific flow, missing symptoms, attrition/exclusion and treatment changes
- Materials to obtain first: Original flow, exclusion reasons, treatment changes, missing-data handling and sensitivity material are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original flow, exclusion reasons, treatment changes, missing-data handling and sensitivity material are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Arm-specific flow, missing symptoms, attrition/exclusion and treatment changes must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Arm-specific flow, missing symptoms, attrition/exclusion and treatment changes is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N16 · Are plasma C and histamine mechanisms distinguished from symptom effects?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The original boundary is retained: plasma C and histamine mechanisms do not replace clinical symptom contrasts. No new equivalence to antihistamine treatment is established.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Direct nasal-symptom/rescue-medication comparisons and separate mechanistic-marker results are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Separate comparisons for plasma C, histamine and clinical nasal symptoms
- Materials to obtain first: Direct nasal-symptom/rescue-medication comparisons and separate mechanistic-marker results are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Direct nasal-symptom/rescue-medication comparisons and separate mechanistic-marker results are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Separate comparisons for plasma C, histamine and clinical nasal symptoms must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Separate comparisons for plasma C, histamine and clinical nasal symptoms is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N17 · Are population and denominators from the 2025 skin-test study kept separate?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: R02 records 103 starting → 89 completing (C44/control45). These skin-test denominators are not pooled with clinical nasal-symptom trial denominators.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original population, diagnosis, allocation/completion, skin-endpoint analysis denominators and attrition records are needed. No new attrition count or total is calculated.
- Required materials and conditions: Skin-test entry, completion, arm/endpoint denominators and diagnosis
- Materials to obtain first: Original population, diagnosis, allocation/completion, skin-endpoint analysis denominators and attrition records are needed. No new attrition count or total is calculated.
- Further research: Material needed: Original population, diagnosis, allocation/completion, skin-endpoint analysis denominators and attrition records are needed. No new attrition count or total is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Skin-test entry, completion, arm/endpoint denominators and diagnosis must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Skin-test entry, completion, arm/endpoint denominators and diagnosis is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N18 · Are histamine-wheal results retained accurately?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The R02 histamine change is −2.5±11.57 versus −.92±14.24 mm², P=.56. The ± type remains unverified; this is not a nasal-symptom treatment result.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original dispersion definition, skin measurement, arms/times, denominators and intervals are needed. No new difference, CI or TNSS value is created.
- Required materials and conditions: Skin-wheal change in mm², original ±, P and timing
- Materials to obtain first: Original dispersion definition, skin measurement, arms/times, denominators and intervals are needed. No new difference, CI or TNSS value is created.
- Further research: Material needed: Original dispersion definition, skin measurement, arms/times, denominators and intervals are needed. No new difference, CI or TNSS value is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Skin-wheal change in mm², original ±, P and timing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Skin-wheal change in mm², original ±, P and timing is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N19 · Are dust-mite wheals also a separate skin outcome?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The R02 dust-mite changes +4.48±25.08 versus −.16±26.17, P=.40 are retained. Histamine results and clinical nasal symptoms remain separate.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original skin-result tables, units/dispersion, denominators, times, CI and prospective hierarchy are needed. Values are not converted into clinical effects.
- Required materials and conditions: Dust-mite wheal change, original ±, P and timing
- Materials to obtain first: Original skin-result tables, units/dispersion, denominators, times, CI and prospective hierarchy are needed. Values are not converted into clinical effects.
- Further research: Material needed: Original skin-result tables, units/dispersion, denominators, times, CI and prospective hierarchy are needed. Values are not converted into clinical effects. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Dust-mite wheal change, original ±, P and timing must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Dust-mite wheal change, original ±, P and timing is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N20 · Is a lack of skin-wheal difference kept separate from clinical replication or refutation?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The original description is retained: skin-wheal results are not direct replication or refutation of clinical nasal-symptom effects. Different outcomes are not merged into one TNSS conclusion.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Direct replication evidence with the same population, oral monotherapy, clinical nasal symptoms and timing is needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Directness boundary between surrogate markers and clinical nasal symptoms
- Materials to obtain first: Direct replication evidence with the same population, oral monotherapy, clinical nasal symptoms and timing is needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Direct replication evidence with the same population, oral monotherapy, clinical nasal symptoms and timing is needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Directness boundary between surrogate markers and clinical nasal symptoms must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Directness boundary between surrogate markers and clinical nasal symptoms is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N21 · Are the two reports distinguished from unique direct trials?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The structured reports concern the Munjal direct comparison and the Azhar skin-test study. They are not counted as two independent direct rhinitis replications. Final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original registration, samples, centres/times and additional-report mapping are needed. Reports are not added to create participant or trial totals.
- Required materials and conditions: Study families and overlap for the direct rhinitis comparison and skin-boundary report
- Materials to obtain first: Original registration, samples, centres/times and additional-report mapping are needed. Reports are not added to create participant or trial totals.
- Further research: Material needed: Original registration, samples, centres/times and additional-report mapping are needed. Reports are not added to create participant or trial totals. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Study families and overlap for the direct rhinitis comparison and skin-boundary report must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Study families and overlap for the direct rhinitis comparison and skin-boundary report is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N22 · Are unverified bibliography details of the 2025 report retained?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration for R02 remain unverified. A journal URL or historical abstract check is not promoted to current verification of the full bibliography or registration.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original complete bibliography, registration, methods and result materials are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Original complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration identifiers
- Materials to obtain first: Original complete bibliography, registration, methods and result materials are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Original complete bibliography, registration, methods and result materials are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Original complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration identifiers must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Original complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration identifiers is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N23 · Are the four company-involvement pathways known?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: R01 funding, manufacturer, employee authors and conflicts, and R02 funding, remain unverified. I1 is the original assessment’s operational midpoint, not an independence strength.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original funding, products, affiliations, conflict disclosures and team mapping are needed. Unverified involvement is not converted into no company involvement.
- Required materials and conditions: Funding, manufacturer/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest
- Materials to obtain first: Original funding, products, affiliations, conflict disclosures and team mapping are needed. Unverified involvement is not converted into no company involvement.
- Further research: Material needed: Original funding, products, affiliations, conflict disclosures and team mapping are needed. Unverified involvement is not converted into no company involvement. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Funding, manufacturer/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Funding, manufacturer/product support, employee authors and conflicts of interest is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N24 · Are direct replication and persistent effects established?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The original verdict description leaves between-group effect, precision and independence unverified. Other C indications or skin-test studies do not fill gaps in replication, efficacy or persistent effects.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original trial families, products, duration, effects and denominators for the same question are needed. No new replication count is created.
- Required materials and conditions: Unique replication trials with the same oral monotherapy and clinical endpoint
- Materials to obtain first: Original trial families, products, duration, effects and denominators for the same question are needed. No new replication count is created.
- Further research: Material needed: Original trial families, products, duration, effects and denominators for the same question are needed. No new replication count is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Unique replication trials with the same oral monotherapy and clinical endpoint must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Unique replication trials with the same oral monotherapy and clinical endpoint is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N25 · Are harm collection, events and discontinuations known?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: Existing gastrointestinal caution with high oral C doses and limited trial-specific event records are retained. Actual incidence, collection methods and event causality are not added.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparator and period data are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms.
- Required materials and conditions: Definitions, collection, severity and counts for diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort
- Materials to obtain first: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparator and period data are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms.
- Further research: Material needed: Original harm methods, events, discontinuations, omissions, comparator and period data are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harms. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Definitions, collection, severity and counts for diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Definitions, collection, severity and counts for diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N26 · Are harm denominators, exposure and comparators distinguished?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The 40 people in R01 and the R02 skin-test denominators do not establish safety denominators. Individual R01 exposure duration also remains unverified.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Arm-specific safety denominators, actual dosing/discontinuation, events, exposure and comparator data are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated.
- Required materials and conditions: Safety sets, actual use, events and individual exposure duration
- Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific safety denominators, actual dosing/discontinuation, events, exposure and comparator data are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated.
- Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific safety denominators, actual dosing/discontinuation, events, exposure and comparator data are needed. Incidence rates are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Safety sets, actual use, events and individual exposure duration must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Safety sets, actual use, events and individual exposure duration is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N27 · Are stone, kidney-disease and iron-overload cautions distinguished from direct harms?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: Existing caution about stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload is retained. It is not converted into certification of trial harm occurrence, causality, contraindications or long-term safety.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Vulnerable groups, independent harm reports, exposure/denominators, concomitant use/alternative causes and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed.
- Required materials and conditions: Vulnerable populations, concomitant use, alternative causes and long-term/rare harms
- Materials to obtain first: Vulnerable groups, independent harm reports, exposure/denominators, concomitant use/alternative causes and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed.
- Further research: Material needed: Vulnerable groups, independent harm reports, exposure/denominators, concomitant use/alternative causes and event courses are needed. No new harm search or assessment is performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Vulnerable populations, concomitant use, alternative causes and long-term/rare harms must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Vulnerable populations, concomitant use, alternative causes and long-term/rare harms is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N28 · Are historical abstract checking and PDF failure separated from current unread status?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: Historical R01 abstract/bibliography checking and PDF access failure, and R02 abstract/bibliography checking, remain historical. Stored summaries were read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans were not.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: Current external acquisition, actual reading and review remain outstanding. Historical failure is not converted into current inaccessibility, or historical checking into current reading.
- Required materials and conditions: Historical access descriptions, current stored summaries and external-material status
- Materials to obtain first: Current external acquisition, actual reading and review remain outstanding. Historical failure is not converted into current inaccessibility, or historical checking into current reading.
- Further research: Material needed: Current external acquisition, actual reading and review remain outstanding. Historical failure is not converted into current inaccessibility, or historical checking into current reading. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical access descriptions, current stored summaries and external-material status must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical access descriptions, current stored summaries and external-material status is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N29 · Are original Korean/English descriptions and empty correction records preserved?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: Existing Korean/English descriptions and empty correction/detailed-claim records are preserved. No new correction or completed original-material clinical review is created.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records.
- Required materials and conditions: Complete Korean/English originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and original dates
- Materials to obtain first: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records.
- Further research: Material needed: New evidence, corrections and verdict changes require preservation of originals and separate event records. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on Complete Korean/English originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and original dates must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on Complete Korean/English originals, empty corrections/detailed claims and original dates is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

### N30 · Are original C46, EX/CX and I1 distinguished from production?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Existing Korean and English stored summaries, rhinitis comparison records and skin-test bibliography read; external abstracts, full text, registrations, protocols and analysis plans unread

- Current findings: The existing C·46 points·Caution, original rationale for EX/CX and the I1 operational midpoint, and evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. Unverified information is not converted into no effect, a precise null, an independence strength or a new grade.
- Why unverified: Stored information is linked to gaps in detailed material. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; fulfilled conditions, effects, safety, prespecification and independence are not certified.
- Reason for missing information: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date.
- Required materials and conditions: C46, Caution, assessment values, original exception rationale and evidence date
- Materials to obtain first: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date.
- Further research: Material needed: New evidence, revised criteria and verdict changes are separate events. The existing date is not used as a current search or external-reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original records on C46, Caution, assessment values, original exception rationale and evidence date must link to the same question, route, population, comparison, endpoint, timing and analysis denominator, distinguishing recorded information from gaps.
- Why this condition is needed: Material on C46, Caution, assessment values, original exception rationale and evidence date is needed to connect the selected rhinitis question to its oral monotherapy formulation, population, placebo, clinical symptoms, timing, denominators, precision, skin-marker boundaries and harms.
- Application exceptions: Oral monotherapy symptom effects remain separate from combined exercise, intravenous infusion, combination products, plasma vitamin C and skin wheals. Study-conduct periods are not converted into individual treatment duration; no new arm sizes, effects, intervals, P values, attrition, harm incidence or cumulative doses are calculated.
- Remaining uncertainty: Gaps in original diagnosis, products, individual exposure, arm-specific analyses, TNSS, rescue medication, plans, support and harms remain. Abstract-reported improvement is not converted into an established effect, a lack of skin-wheal difference into a clinical null or equivalence, or limited harm records into overall safety.
- Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, populations, oral monotherapy, placebo, clinical symptoms and skin markers, timing, reports and trials, denominators and harms.
- Related sources: R01, R02

## Evidence and sources

### R01

Munjal et al. 2020 · Rhinitis placebo comparison

[Official source](https://www.ijorl.com/index.php/ijorl/article/view/2454)

Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread  
Findings recorded in the summary: The historical abstract summary concludes improvement, but exact between-group TNSS, effect size, 95% CI, P and rescue-medication results remain unverified. The 1.5-year study-conduct period is not a 1.5-year individual treatment duration.  
Record level: The original record concerns 40 people overall. Exact arm-specific allocation, analysis, completion and nasal-symptom/safety denominators remain unverified.  
Independent replication: The 2 stored evidence entries and 2 citations link to a direct rhinitis comparison and a separate skin-test study. They are not counted as two independent replications of the same question. Report mapping, sample overlap and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified.

| Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | DOI 10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20204616. Historical journal abstract/bibliography checking and failed PDF access remain historical records. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |
| External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | DOI 10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20204616. Historical journal abstract/bibliography checking and failed PDF access remain historical records. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |
| External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | DOI 10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20204616. Historical journal abstract/bibliography checking and failed PDF access remain historical records. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |
| Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | DOI 10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20204616. Historical journal abstract/bibliography checking and failed PDF access remain historical records. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |
| Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | DOI 10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20204616. Historical journal abstract/bibliography checking and failed PDF access remain historical records. Stored summaries are read here; external abstracts, full text, registration and plans remain unread. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |

### R02

Azhar et al. 2025 · Histamine/dust-mite skin-test study

[Official source](https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejra/article/1746436)

Materials actually read: Stored existing review summary read; external material unread  
Findings recorded in the summary: Histamine change −2.5±11.57 versus −.92±14.24 mm², P=.56; dust mite +4.48±25.08 versus −.16±26.17, P=.40. The ± type remains unverified; these are skin results rather than nasal-symptom treatment results.  
Record level: The separate skin-test study records 103 starting → 89 completing (C44/control45). Endpoint-specific analysis denominators, attrition and diagnostic details remain unverified.  
Independent replication: The 2 stored evidence entries and 2 citations link to a direct rhinitis comparison and a separate skin-test study. They are not counted as two independent replications of the same question. Report mapping, sample overlap and final unique trial/participant counts remain unverified.

| Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | The complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration remain unverified in the original bibliography. The journal URL and historical abstract/bibliography checking do not establish current verification of the complete bibliography, registration or full text. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |
| External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | The complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration remain unverified in the original bibliography. The journal URL and historical abstract/bibliography checking do not establish current verification of the complete bibliography, registration or full text. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |
| External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | The complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration remain unverified in the original bibliography. The journal URL and historical abstract/bibliography checking do not establish current verification of the complete bibliography, registration or full text. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |
| Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | The complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration remain unverified in the original bibliography. The journal URL and historical abstract/bibliography checking do not establish current verification of the complete bibliography, registration or full text. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |
| Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | The complete author list, PMID, DOI and registration remain unverified in the original bibliography. The journal URL and historical abstract/bibliography checking do not establish current verification of the complete bibliography, registration or full text. Original material-specific dates and absent dates are retained without conversion into current external-reading dates. |

## Review criteria and methods

These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

- M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.
- M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.
- M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.
- M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.
- M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

## What the statuses mean

- Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
- Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
- Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
- Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
- Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
- Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
- Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
- Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
- Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

## Change history

2026-10-23 · Public page/materials 1.0. The public view and materials were prepared from the existing 30 items. No new clinical search, verification-state change or scoring was performed.