# Oral vitamin C × endothelial FMD: results differ by population and acute versus sustained dosing Verdict 3018 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-21 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: Coronary artery disease, hypertension and smoking cohorts are treated separately. Other vascular tests in diabetes or heart failure do not substitute for brachial FMD. - Ingredient, formulation and route: This concerns oral single-ingredient ascorbic acid supplements. Study-specific tablets, capsules, salts, excipients and manufacturing details remain unverified; foods, combinations and intravenous use are not automatically included. - Dose: Acute 2 g, sustained 500 mg/day for 30 days or 1 g/day for 8 weeks are distinguished. Actual exposure, product, adherence and optimal dose remain unverified. - Comparator: The treatment contrast is with placebo. Nonrandomized comparisons with healthy controls are not used as treatment effects; details of common medication and care remain unverified. - Measured outcome: Brachial FMD (%) is an ultrasound surrogate of vascular responsiveness. Absolute percentage points and relative percent are distinguished; findings are not extended to myocardial infarction or stroke prevention or anatomical recovery. - Duration: The acute 2-hour response is distinguished from 30-day and 8-week results. The smoker report’s total 20-week schedule differs from 8 weeks of sustained vitamin C exposure. - Questions outside this scope: Existing C50, caution, B/S/R0/I2/EX/B2/CX, disabled indicators and empty values are preserved. Historical independent-comparison wording does not establish completed clinical content review in this work.; The existing +3.1 percentage points is a calculated simple 30-day change difference. It is not a published between-group 95% CI, relative improvement or cardiovascular risk reduction and was not recalculated here.; The smoker report’s 8-week SD difference between body text 3.1 and abstract 3.2 remains unresolved. Neither value is arbitrarily selected, averaged or replaced.; Acute and sustained results or different populations are not combined as exact replication. BP or glycaemic reports, shared cohorts, mixed reviews and other vascular tests are not added as independent FMD confirmation.; Existing caution concerning gastrointestinal effects of high oral doses, stone risk, kidney disease and iron overload is retained. Unread material does not establish absence of harm; no individual dosing guidance or new incidence is created. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which FMD question is addressed? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The outcome is improved brachial FMD. This ultrasound vascular-response surrogate does not measure myocardial infarction, stroke or anatomical recovery. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original population, oral product, placebo and brachial FMD endpoint/time tables are needed. Clinical events or artery cleansing are not added. - Required materials and conditions: Oral single-ingredient C and brachial FMD in adults at cardiovascular risk - Materials to obtain first: Original population, oral product, placebo and brachial FMD endpoint/time tables are needed. Clinical events or artery cleansing are not added. - Further research: Material needed: Original population, oral product, placebo and brachial FMD endpoint/time tables are needed. Clinical events or artery cleansing are not added. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral single-ingredient C and brachial FMD in adults at cardiovascular risk must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral single-ingredient C and brachial FMD in adults at cardiovascular risk is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N02 · Are oral single-ingredient C and intravenous or combined products distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The formulation is single ingredient; study-specific products, salts and excipients remain unverified. Intravenous use, foods and combinations are not merged with oral FMD. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient, exposure/adherence and route-specific eligibility tables are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Ascorbic acid product, salt, excipients and route - Materials to obtain first: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient, exposure/adherence and route-specific eligibility tables are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original product, manufacturing, salt, excipient, exposure/adherence and route-specific eligibility tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Ascorbic acid product, salt, excipients and route must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Ascorbic acid product, salt, excipients and route is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N03 · Are acute 2 g, 500 mg/day and 1 g/day kept separate? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Doses are acute 2 g, sustained 500 mg/day for 30 days or 1 g/day for 8 weeks. Original values are retained without deriving active amounts, equivalent doses or recommendations. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific dosing, time points, actual exposure, products and adherence need to be linked. - Required materials and conditions: Acute and sustained doses and report-specific products/exposure - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific dosing, time points, actual exposure, products and adherence need to be linked. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific dosing, time points, actual exposure, products and adherence need to be linked. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Acute and sustained doses and report-specific products/exposure must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Acute and sustained doses and report-specific products/exposure is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N04 · Are 2 hours, 30 days, 8 weeks and the total schedule distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The duration separates acute 2 hours from 30 days and 8 weeks. R03 records a total 20-week schedule, distinct from 8 weeks of C exposure. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original dosing, washout/placebo periods, assessment, total schedule and post-stopping course are needed. The 20 weeks is not converted into sustained C efficacy. - Required materials and conditions: Acute/sustained time points, crossover periods and total schedule - Materials to obtain first: Original dosing, washout/placebo periods, assessment, total schedule and post-stopping course are needed. The 20 weeks is not converted into sustained C efficacy. - Further research: Material needed: Original dosing, washout/placebo periods, assessment, total schedule and post-stopping course are needed. The 20 weeks is not converted into sustained C efficacy. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Acute/sustained time points, crossover periods and total schedule must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Acute/sustained time points, crossover periods and total schedule is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N05 · Are CAD, hypertension, smokers and other vascular tests separated? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: CAD, hypertension and smoking cohorts are treated separately; other vascular tests in diabetes or heart failure do not substitute for FMD. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original diagnosis, baseline, medication, test/site, formulation and time-specific inclusion tables are needed. A mixed mean is not used as a single-population value. - Required materials and conditions: Disease-specific diagnosis/baseline and brachial FMD versus other tests - Materials to obtain first: Original diagnosis, baseline, medication, test/site, formulation and time-specific inclusion tables are needed. A mixed mean is not used as a single-population value. - Further research: Material needed: Original diagnosis, baseline, medication, test/site, formulation and time-specific inclusion tables are needed. A mixed mean is not used as a single-population value. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Disease-specific diagnosis/baseline and brachial FMD versus other tests must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Disease-specific diagnosis/baseline and brachial FMD versus other tests is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N06 · Are placebo and nonrandomized healthy comparisons distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The comparator is placebo; nonrandomized healthy comparisons are excluded from the treatment effect. Healthy-group differences are not converted into C effects. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original group/condition, allocation, common care and measurement-time tables are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Treatment versus placebo and nonrandomized healthy-control conditions - Materials to obtain first: Original group/condition, allocation, common care and measurement-time tables are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original group/condition, allocation, common care and measurement-time tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Treatment versus placebo and nonrandomized healthy-control conditions must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Treatment versus placebo and nonrandomized healthy-control conditions is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N07 · What baseline medication, smoking and diet/care rules applied? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Baseline differences remain, but detailed medication, smoking/diet and common-care rules are not preserved. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original medication, smoking/lifestyle care, premeasurement rules, changes/adherence and rescue medication are needed. An isolated C effect is not established. - Required materials and conditions: Group-specific maintained/changed treatment, smoking and additional interventions - Materials to obtain first: Original medication, smoking/lifestyle care, premeasurement rules, changes/adherence and rescue medication are needed. An isolated C effect is not established. - Further research: Material needed: Original medication, smoking/lifestyle care, premeasurement rules, changes/adherence and rescue medication are needed. An isolated C effect is not established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Group-specific maintained/changed treatment, smoking and additional interventions must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Group-specific maintained/changed treatment, smoking and additional interventions is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N08 · What are the CAD sample of 46 and group-specific analysis denominators? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 records 46 participants with CAD; group-specific analysis denominators are unverified. Acute/30-day counts and group allocation/attrition are not newly created. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original flow, group allocation/completion, imaging/measurement missingness and denominators are needed. - Required materials and conditions: R01 allocation, analysis, completion and time-specific FMD denominators - Materials to obtain first: Original flow, group allocation/completion, imaging/measurement missingness and denominators are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original flow, group allocation/completion, imaging/measurement missingness and denominators are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on R01 allocation, analysis, completion and time-specific FMD denominators must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on R01 allocation, analysis, completion and time-specific FMD denominators is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N09 · Are CAD baseline, acute and 30-day values preserved? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 records C 6.6±3.5→10.1±5.2 (acute)→9.0±3.7 (30 days)%; placebo 8.6±4.7→7.8±4.4→7.9±4.5%. The meaning of ± is unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original groups/time points, dispersion, baseline adjustment, denominators and complete results are needed. No new difference, CI or relative improvement is calculated. - Required materials and conditions: R01 time- and group-specific FMD% and original ± - Materials to obtain first: Original groups/time points, dispersion, baseline adjustment, denominators and complete results are needed. No new difference, CI or relative improvement is calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original groups/time points, dispersion, baseline adjustment, denominators and complete results are needed. No new difference, CI or relative improvement is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on R01 time- and group-specific FMD% and original ± must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on R01 time- and group-specific FMD% and original ± is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N10 · Is repeated-measures ANOVA distinguished from each time-specific contrast? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 repeated-measures ANOVA P=.005 is retained. It is not copied into separate acute/30-day significant between-group contrasts. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original model, plan, time-specific estimates/CIs and multiplicity information are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Original repeated test, interaction and time-specific between-group CIs/P values - Materials to obtain first: Original model, plan, time-specific estimates/CIs and multiplicity information are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original model, plan, time-specific estimates/CIs and multiplicity information are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original repeated test, interaction and time-specific between-group CIs/P values must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original repeated test, interaction and time-specific between-group CIs/P values is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N11 · Is the existing +3.1 percentage-point calculation distinguished from relative percent and CIs? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing +3.1 percentage points is a prior simple change-difference calculation, not a between-group 95% CI. Percentage points differ from relative percent improvement. This is not a new calculation or certification of a precise effect. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original between-group estimates, variance, CIs, denominators, model and units are needed. The prior value is not converted into relative percent or clinical risk reduction. - Required materials and conditions: Simple 30-day change difference versus original adjusted effect/interval and units - Materials to obtain first: Original between-group estimates, variance, CIs, denominators, model and units are needed. The prior value is not converted into relative percent or clinical risk reduction. - Further research: Material needed: Original between-group estimates, variance, CIs, denominators, model and units are needed. The prior value is not converted into relative percent or clinical risk reduction. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Simple 30-day change difference versus original adjusted effect/interval and units must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Simple 30-day change difference versus original adjusted effect/interval and units is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N12 · Are the hypertension sample of 39 and acute/1-month null result retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R02 records 39 participants, with acute/1-month FMD benefit not demonstrated and exact net difference/CI unverified. CAD values are not copied and this is not promoted into a precise 0 effect or equivalence. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original group flow, FMD time points/denominators, estimates/CIs, variance and model tables are needed. - Required materials and conditions: R02 direct FMD result, group denominators and CIs - Materials to obtain first: Original group flow, FMD time points/denominators, estimates/CIs, variance and model tables are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original group flow, FMD time points/denominators, estimates/CIs, variance and model tables are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on R02 direct FMD result, group denominators and CIs must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on R02 direct FMD result, group denominators and CIs is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N13 · Is the B1-related cohort excluded from new independent replication counts? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R02 endpoint/citation records a B1-related cohort and prohibits double counting. A separate BP-endpoint paper is not counted as a new independent FMD trial. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original institutions/periods, registration, samples, groups/denominators and report links are needed. Other verdict files or participants are not added here. - Required materials and conditions: Sample linkage between hypertension FMD and related BP reports - Materials to obtain first: Original institutions/periods, registration, samples, groups/denominators and report links are needed. Other verdict files or participants are not added here. - Further research: Material needed: Original institutions/periods, registration, samples, groups/denominators and report links are needed. Other verdict files or participants are not added here. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Sample linkage between hypertension FMD and related BP reports must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Sample linkage between hypertension FMD and related BP reports is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N14 · What are the smoker sample of 20 and acute image exclusion? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R03 records 20 healthy smokers and 1 acute image excluded for quality. An acute sample size is not newly derived and all 20 are not assumed included in every image analysis. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original sequence/period flow, image exclusions, acute/8-week denominators and baseline/missingness rules are needed. - Required materials and conditions: R03 crossover/period-specific allocation, analysis and image-quality denominators - Materials to obtain first: Original sequence/period flow, image exclusions, acute/8-week denominators and baseline/missingness rules are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original sequence/period flow, image exclusions, acute/8-week denominators and baseline/missingness rules are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on R03 crossover/period-specific allocation, analysis and image-quality denominators must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on R03 crossover/period-specific allocation, analysis and image-quality denominators is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N15 · Is acute FMD in smokers separated from sustained results? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R03 mean±SD is 2.8±2.0→6.3±2.8%, acute P<.001. This is not copied as an 8-week or clinical-event effect/P value. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original acute groups/periods, time points, adjustment/contrasts, denominators/intervals and dispersion tables are needed. No new difference is calculated. - Required materials and conditions: R03 original acute mean±SD, P value and contrast - Materials to obtain first: Original acute groups/periods, time points, adjustment/contrasts, denominators/intervals and dispersion tables are needed. No new difference is calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original acute groups/periods, time points, adjustment/contrasts, denominators/intervals and dispersion tables are needed. No new difference is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on R03 original acute mean±SD, P value and contrast must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on R03 original acute mean±SD, P value and contrast is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N16 · Are the smoker 8-week placebo contrast and SD discrepancy retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R03 records approximately 3.9% at 8 weeks, versus placebo P=.26, with 8-week SD differing between body text 3.1 and abstract 3.2. An SD is not selected, corrected or averaged, and the acute positive finding does not replace it. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original body/tables/abstract, groups/time points, denominators, corrections/dispersion and CIs are needed. The unresolved record is retained without new external comparison or numerical calculation. - Required materials and conditions: Approximately 3.9% at 8 weeks, P=.26 and body/abstract SD - Materials to obtain first: Original body/tables/abstract, groups/time points, denominators, corrections/dispersion and CIs are needed. The unresolved record is retained without new external comparison or numerical calculation. - Further research: Material needed: Original body/tables/abstract, groups/time points, denominators, corrections/dispersion and CIs are needed. The unresolved record is retained without new external comparison or numerical calculation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Approximately 3.9% at 8 weeks, P=.26 and body/abstract SD must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Approximately 3.9% at 8 weeks, P=.26 and body/abstract SD is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N17 · Are acute, sustained and different populations kept apart as replication? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing counterview retains the possibility of CAD benefit at 30 days, different hypertension/smoker conditions and coexistence of acute benefit with sustained uncertainty. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original disease, baseline, formulation, duration, estimand and effect/denominator links are needed. No new pooled effect or independent replication count is created. - Required materials and conditions: Direct replication under the same formulation, diagnosis and duration, and heterogeneity - Materials to obtain first: Original disease, baseline, formulation, duration, estimand and effect/denominator links are needed. No new pooled effect or independent replication count is created. - Further research: Material needed: Original disease, baseline, formulation, duration, estimand and effect/denominator links are needed. No new pooled effect or independent replication count is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct replication under the same formulation, diagnosis and duration, and heterogeneity must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct replication under the same formulation, diagnosis and duration, and heterogeneity is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N18 · Is the 2014 review of 44 RCTs kept distinct from 44 oral brachial FMD trials? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Bibliography-only R04 retains endothelial-function signals and population mixing across 44 RCTs. This is not a verified count of oral single-ingredient brachial FMD trials. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original oral/intravenous, test/site, disease and duration-specific eligibility, extraction and shared-trial tables are needed. The review is not added as a new primary trial or summed. - Required materials and conditions: Ashor review routes, vascular tests, populations and included trials - Materials to obtain first: Original oral/intravenous, test/site, disease and duration-specific eligibility, extraction and shared-trial tables are needed. The review is not added as a new primary trial or summed. - Further research: Material needed: Original oral/intravenous, test/site, disease and duration-specific eligibility, extraction and shared-trial tables are needed. The review is not added as a new primary trial or summed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Ashor review routes, vascular tests, populations and included trials must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Ashor review routes, vascular tests, populations and included trials is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N19 · Is the sustained oral null-result diabetes citation kept distinct from FMD? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Bibliography-only R05 retains a null result with sustained oral treatment in T2D. The question scope does not substitute other vascular tests in diabetes/heart failure for FMD. Specific brachial FMD values or denominators are not invented. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original vascular test, site, method, exposure and outcome/denominator tables are needed. Direct versus boundary relevance to FMD remains awaiting content review. - Required materials and conditions: Darko report test/site, exposure, comparator and denominator - Materials to obtain first: Original vascular test, site, method, exposure and outcome/denominator tables are needed. Direct versus boundary relevance to FMD remains awaiting content review. - Further research: Material needed: Original vascular test, site, method, exposure and outcome/denominator tables are needed. Direct versus boundary relevance to FMD remains awaiting content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Darko report test/site, exposure, comparator and denominator must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Darko report test/site, exposure, comparator and denominator is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N20 · Are FMD measurement, units and endothelial dependence known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The primary endpoint is brachial FMD%, distinguishing percentage points from relative percent. It does not substitute for other vascular tests or anatomical recovery. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original ultrasound/occlusion, premeasurement conditions, assessors/reliability, baseline diameter, time points and analysis plans are needed. No new unit conversion or mechanism is established. - Required materials and conditions: Brachial ultrasound, baseline diameter, dilation percentage and assessment/time rules - Materials to obtain first: Original ultrasound/occlusion, premeasurement conditions, assessors/reliability, baseline diameter, time points and analysis plans are needed. No new unit conversion or mechanism is established. - Further research: Material needed: Original ultrasound/occlusion, premeasurement conditions, assessors/reliability, baseline diameter, time points and analysis plans are needed. No new unit conversion or mechanism is established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Brachial ultrasound, baseline diameter, dilation percentage and assessment/time rules must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Brachial ultrasound, baseline diameter, dilation percentage and assessment/time rules is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N21 · What allocation, blinding and crossover methods applied? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 double-blind placebo RCT, R02 hypertension placebo RCT report and R03 double-blind placebo crossover are retained separately. All detailed methodological adequacy remains unverified here. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original sequence, concealment, assessors/blinding, washout/period effects, crossover sets and methods are needed. No formal RoB2/GRADE is produced. - Required materials and conditions: Original CAD/hypertension parallel and smoker crossover methods - Materials to obtain first: Original sequence, concealment, assessors/blinding, washout/period effects, crossover sets and methods are needed. No formal RoB2/GRADE is produced. - Further research: Material needed: Original sequence, concealment, assessors/blinding, washout/period effects, crossover sets and methods are needed. No formal RoB2/GRADE is produced. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original CAD/hypertension parallel and smoker crossover methods must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original CAD/hypertension parallel and smoker crossover methods is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N22 · Were prior endpoints, all time points and selective reporting checked? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01/R03 record unverified prior endpoint hierarchy and unknown registration numbers. A positive repeated test does not mean significance at every time point. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original registration, protocol/SAP, all time points/endpoints, corrections and plan changes are needed. Preregistration or complete compliance is not newly assigned. - Required materials and conditions: Acute/sustained FMD hierarchy, registration/plans and multiplicity - Materials to obtain first: Original registration, protocol/SAP, all time points/endpoints, corrections and plan changes are needed. Preregistration or complete compliance is not newly assigned. - Further research: Material needed: Original registration, protocol/SAP, all time points/endpoints, corrections and plan changes are needed. Preregistration or complete compliance is not newly assigned. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Acute/sustained FMD hierarchy, registration/plans and multiplicity must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Acute/sustained FMD hierarchy, registration/plans and multiplicity is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N23 · What is the impact of missingness, image exclusions and analysis sets? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 unknown group sample sizes are distinguished from R03 acute image-quality exclusion. Detailed missingness and analysis sets remain unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original flow, image/measurement missingness, attrition/exclusion reasons, ITT/crossover completers, handling and sensitivity material are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Group/period flow, measurement missingness, exclusions and handling - Materials to obtain first: Original flow, image/measurement missingness, attrition/exclusion reasons, ITT/crossover completers, handling and sensitivity material are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Original flow, image/measurement missingness, attrition/exclusion reasons, ITT/crossover completers, handling and sensitivity material are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Group/period flow, measurement missingness, exclusions and handling must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Group/period flow, measurement missingness, exclusions and handling is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N24 · Are BP, glycaemia and myocardial infarction/stroke excluded from FMD confirmation? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing explanation does not transfer BP or glycaemia into FMD confirmation and states that FMD does not establish MI/stroke prevention. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Direct research on each clinical or other endpoint is separately needed. Other pages/grades and reports from the same sample are not newly added. - Required materials and conditions: Direct material on other indications/endpoints and clinical events - Materials to obtain first: Direct research on each clinical or other endpoint is separately needed. Other pages/grades and reports from the same sample are not newly added. - Further research: Material needed: Direct research on each clinical or other endpoint is separately needed. Other pages/grades and reports from the same sample are not newly added. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct material on other indications/endpoints and clinical events must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct material on other indications/endpoints and clinical events is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N25 · Are the four company-involvement pathways preserved by report? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: R01 public-support indexing/manufacturer role unverified, R02 NIH/NHMRC/AHA and an individual ACC/Merck fellowship, and R03 public/university plus Blackmores funding/product/placebo support I1 are retained separately. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original support/fellowships, product provision, affiliations and COI are needed. Overall I2 and specific I1 do not overwrite each other or establish absence of company involvement. - Required materials and conditions: Funding, product/placebo support, employee authors and COI - Materials to obtain first: Original support/fellowships, product provision, affiliations and COI are needed. Overall I2 and specific I1 do not overwrite each other or establish absence of company involvement. - Further research: Material needed: Original support/fellowships, product provision, affiliations and COI are needed. Overall I2 and specific I1 do not overwrite each other or establish absence of company involvement. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Funding, product/placebo support, employee authors and COI must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Funding, product/placebo support, employee authors and COI is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N26 · Are 5 reports, shared cohorts and unique trials/participants distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The 3 trial summaries and 5 citations are different material units; hypertension B1 sharing, review inclusion and diabetes-test directness remain separately unverified. Unique trial/participant totals are null. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original report/trial map, registration, institutions/periods, participants, products/teams and inclusion tables are needed. No new totals or independence is established. - Required materials and conditions: 3 primary-trial reports, 2 review/diabetes citations and overlap/sharing - Materials to obtain first: Original report/trial map, registration, institutions/periods, participants, products/teams and inclusion tables are needed. No new totals or independence is established. - Further research: Material needed: Original report/trial map, registration, institutions/periods, participants, products/teams and inclusion tables are needed. No new totals or independence is established. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on 3 primary-trial reports, 2 review/diabetes citations and overlap/sharing must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on 3 primary-trial reports, 2 review/diabetes citations and overlap/sharing is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N27 · Are harm collection, events and discontinuation known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The safety account retains high-dose oral C gastrointestinal caution and limited event counts. Original event tables, collection methods and causality are not newly established. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original harm methods, events/discontinuation, missingness and comparator data are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harm. - Required materials and conditions: Gastrointestinal effects, collection, events/discontinuation and severity - Materials to obtain first: Original harm methods, events/discontinuation, missingness and comparator data are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harm. - Further research: Material needed: Original harm methods, events/discontinuation, missingness and comparator data are needed. Unread material is not treated as no harm. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Gastrointestinal effects, collection, events/discontinuation and severity must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Gastrointestinal effects, collection, events/discontinuation and severity is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N28 · What are harm denominators, acute/sustained exposure and comparators? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The 46, 39, 20 and image exclusions do not certify safety denominators. Acute/30-day/8-week/total schedules are not combined as identical harm exposure. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group/period safety denominators, exposure/discontinuation, events, comparators and same-participant links are needed. Incidence is not calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Safety sets, actual treatment, period/group events and crossover exposure - Materials to obtain first: Group/period safety denominators, exposure/discontinuation, events, comparators and same-participant links are needed. Incidence is not calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Group/period safety denominators, exposure/discontinuation, events, comparators and same-participant links are needed. Incidence is not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Safety sets, actual treatment, period/group events and crossover exposure must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Safety sets, actual treatment, period/group events and crossover exposure is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N29 · What is known about coadministration, kidney/stone risk, iron overload and long-term harms? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The product account retains caution for stone predisposition, kidney disease and iron overload. An FMD physiological signal does not certify long-term safety or drug-specific interactions. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Coadministration/baseline, event timing/course, independent reports, vulnerable groups, longer exposure and denominators are needed. No new harm search or judgment is performed. - Required materials and conditions: Vulnerable populations, coadministration/alternative causes and independent/rare/long-term harms - Materials to obtain first: Coadministration/baseline, event timing/course, independent reports, vulnerable groups, longer exposure and denominators are needed. No new harm search or judgment is performed. - Further research: Material needed: Coadministration/baseline, event timing/course, independent reports, vulnerable groups, longer exposure and denominators are needed. No new harm search or judgment is performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Vulnerable populations, coadministration/alternative causes and independent/rare/long-term harms must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Vulnerable populations, coadministration/alternative causes and independent/rare/long-term harms is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N30 · Are past abstract/index/body checks distinguished from current unread material? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Citations historically record abstract checks, indexed body/tables/methods/funding and independent comparison. This work reads the stored summary; external material remains unread. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: External unread status is retained until acquisition and content review. Historical verification or URLs are not promoted into current reading or completed QA. - Required materials and conditions: Historical access wording, stored summary and external abstracts/full text/registration/plans - Materials to obtain first: External unread status is retained until acquisition and content review. Historical verification or URLs are not promoted into current reading or completed QA. - Further research: Material needed: External unread status is retained until acquisition and content review. Historical verification or URLs are not promoted into current reading or completed QA. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Historical access wording, stored summary and external abstracts/full text/registration/plans must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Historical access wording, stored summary and external abstracts/full text/registration/plans is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N31 · Are Korean/English text, empty corrections and prior calculation/discrepancy preserved? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Korean/English originals, empty correction/subclaim records, the prior +3.1 percentage-point calculation and 8-week SD 3.1/3.2 record are preserved. No new correction, external comparison or calculation is made. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: After content review, new material, corrections or verdict changes are recorded as separate events. - Required materials and conditions: Complete originals, empty correction/subclaim arrays and calculation/SD difference - Materials to obtain first: After content review, new material, corrections or verdict changes are recorded as separate events. - Further research: Material needed: After content review, new material, corrections or verdict changes are recorded as separate events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Complete originals, empty correction/subclaim arrays and calculation/SD difference must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Complete originals, empty correction/subclaim arrays and calculation/SD difference is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ### N32 · Are original C50, EX/CX, axes and evidence date distinct from production? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: C/50/caution, EX/CX, original assessment axes and the existing evidence date 2026-09-07 are retained. The original account of 1 strength is not a new quality score or efficacy certification. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: New material, condition revisions and verdict changes are separate events after content review. The original date is not used as a current search or external reading date. - Required materials and conditions: Original C50, caution, assessment axes and evidence date - Materials to obtain first: New material, condition revisions and verdict changes are separate events after content review. The original date is not used as a current search or external reading date. - Further research: Material needed: New material, condition revisions and verdict changes are separate events after content review. The original date is not used as a current search or external reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original C50, caution, assessment axes and evidence date must link to the same product, population, comparator, test, time point and denominator, distinguishing acute from sustained outcomes and direct findings from supporting or boundary material. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original C50, caution, assessment axes and evidence date is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, comparators, vascular tests, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C50, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral and intravenous use, single and combined ingredients, acute and sustained outcomes, populations and vascular tests, and percentage points and relative percent are distinguished. No new effects, CIs, denominators, incidence, unique totals or recommended doses are calculated. - Remaining uncertainty: Group- and time-specific denominators, the meaning of ±, between-group CIs, prespecified hierarchy, shared samples, review inclusion, test methods and long-term or harm details remain unverified. Existing calculations and SD differences are not converted into new verification, calculation or completed review. - Referenced methods: Existing principles distinguish questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Gokce et al. 1999 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10385496/) Materials actually read: Existing stored review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: C 6.6±3.5→10.1±5.2 (acute)→9.0±3.7 (30 days)%; placebo 8.6±4.7→7.8±4.4→7.9±4.5%. Repeated-measures ANOVA P=.005. The existing simple 30-day change difference +3.1 percentage points is a calculation, not a between-group 95% CI. The meaning of ± remains unverified. Record level: This concerns 46 adults with CAD; group- and time-specific analysis denominators remain unverified. The repeated-measures P value is not copied into every time-specific between-group comparison. Independent replication: The 5 stored reports comprise 3 direct trial reports and 2 bibliographic records for a mixed endothelial-function review and a diabetes vascular-test boundary. The hypertension report’s B1-related sample and review inclusion remain unverified. Unique trial and participant totals are not established. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID10385496 · DOI10.1161/01.CIR.99.25.3234 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID10385496 · DOI10.1161/01.CIR.99.25.3234 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID10385496 · DOI10.1161/01.CIR.99.25.3234 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID10385496 · DOI10.1161/01.CIR.99.25.3234 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID10385496 · DOI10.1161/01.CIR.99.25.3234 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | ### R02 Duffy et al. 2001 [Official source](https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H528) Materials actually read: Existing stored review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: In 39 participants, acute and 1-month FMD benefit was not demonstrated; the exact net difference and 95% CI remain unverified. Record level: The cohort is related to the B1 BP report. It is not added as new independent FMD replication or filled with CAD values. Independent replication: The 5 stored reports comprise 3 direct trial reports and 2 bibliographic records for a mixed endothelial-function review and a diabetes vascular-test boundary. The hypertension report’s B1-related sample and review inclusion remain unverified. Unique trial and participant totals are not established. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID11158948 · DOI10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H528 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID11158948 · DOI10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H528 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID11158948 · DOI10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H528 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID11158948 · DOI10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H528 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID11158948 · DOI10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H528 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | ### R03 Raitakari et al. 2000 [Official source](https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/S0735-1097%2800%2900576-3) Materials actually read: Existing stored review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: Mean±SD 2.8±2.0→6.3±2.8%, acute P<.001. At 8 weeks approximately 3.9%, versus placebo P=.26. The 8-week SD differs: body text 3.1 and abstract 3.2. Record level: The record retains 20 healthy smokers and 1 acute image excluded for quality. The total 20-week schedule is distinguished from 8 weeks of C exposure; Blackmores funding and product/placebo support is retained as I1. Independent replication: The 5 stored reports comprise 3 direct trial reports and 2 bibliographic records for a mixed endothelial-function review and a diabetes vascular-test boundary. The hypertension report’s B1-related sample and review inclusion remain unverified. Unique trial and participant totals are not established. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID10807468 · DOI10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00576-3 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID10807468 · DOI10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00576-3 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID10807468 · DOI10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00576-3 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID10807468 · DOI10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00576-3 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID10807468 · DOI10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00576-3 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | ### R04 Ashor et al. 2014 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24792921/) Materials actually read: Existing stored review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: The existing citation records endothelial-function signals and mixed populations across 44 RCTs. Record level: This does not mean all 44 were oral single-ingredient brachial FMD trials. Routes, tests, populations, durations and inclusion tables remain unverified; the review is not added as a new primary trial. Independent replication: The 5 stored reports comprise 3 direct trial reports and 2 bibliographic records for a mixed endothelial-function review and a diabetes vascular-test boundary. The hypertension report’s B1-related sample and review inclusion remain unverified. Unique trial and participant totals are not established. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID24792921 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID24792921 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID24792921 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID24792921 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID24792921 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | ### R05 Darko et al. 2002 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12241530/) Materials actually read: Existing stored review summary read; external material unread Findings recorded in the summary: The existing citation records a null result with sustained oral treatment in adults with diabetes. Record level: Test, site, exposure, comparator and denominator details and direct relevance to brachial FMD remain unverified. Other vascular tests are not automatically relabeled as FMD and no specific values are created. Independent replication: The 5 stored reports comprise 3 direct trial reports and 2 bibliographic records for a mixed endothelial-function review and a diabetes vascular-test boundary. The hypertension report’s B1-related sample and review inclusion remain unverified. Unique trial and participant totals are not established. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | PMID12241530 · DOI10.1042/cs1030339 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID12241530 · DOI10.1042/cs1030339 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID12241530 · DOI10.1042/cs1030339 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID12241530 · DOI10.1042/cs1030339 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | PMID12241530 · DOI10.1042/cs1030339 is retained in the existing stored record. External abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. Historical verification wording does not establish current reading or certify independence. The stored-summary date is its original production timestamp; dates for unread external materials are empty. The existing evidence date is distinguished from any current external reading date. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-21 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 32 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.