# Oral vitamin C × blood pressure: short-term SBP signals and gaps in sustained effects Verdict 3017 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-21 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The direct population is hypertensive adults taking antihypertensives. Hypertensive and prehypertensive composition is distinguished from supporting or long-term reports in older general populations, diabetes and atrophic gastritis. - Ingredient, formulation and route: This concerns oral single-ingredient ascorbic acid supplements. Product-specific tablets, capsules, salts, excipients and manufacturing details remain unverified; foods, combinations and intravenous use are not automatically included. - Dose: Direct-trial 500 mg/day, other-study 500–2000 mg/day and acute 2 g are retained separately. Report-specific products, exposure, adherence and direct optimal-dose comparisons remain unverified. - Comparator: Matched placebo is distinguished from high- versus low-dose active control. Ward vitamin C alone versus placebo is separated from combination-related BP increases with grape seed; details of maintained medication and care remain unverified. - Measured outcome: Office and ambulatory SBP and DBP and daytime, nocturnal and 24-hour measures are treated separately. A specific positive SBP or pooled signal is not the same effect on DBP, all windows, durable control or cardiovascular events. - Duration: The direct trial over 6 weeks, 1 month, crossover periods of 3 months, long-term and acute exposure are distinguished. The duration list is not arbitrarily assigned to reports; sustained and post-stopping effects remain unverified. - Questions outside this scope: Existing grade C54, caution, B/S/R0/I2/E+/B1/C0, disabled indicators and empty values are preserved. Historical independent comparisons or grade records are not converted into completed clinical content review in this work.; Oral single-ingredient findings are not extended to foods, combinations or intravenous use. The 500 mg/day, 500–2000 mg/day, acute 2 g and different durations are not converted into optimal doses or individual dosing instructions.; Ward vitamin-C-alone SBP −1.8±0.8 mmHg, P=.03 belongs to its placebo contrast. The SD or SE meaning of ±, exact 95% CI and vitamin-C-alone DBP remain unverified; the combination title or full 4-group result is not transferred into isolated effects or harms.; Duffy withholding of exact adjusted between-group effects, CIs and P values is not filled by pre/post values or 39 in related FMD research. The daytime fall of 2.0±5.2 mmHg, 95% CI 0–3.9 in 40 older adults aged 60–80 is distinguished from office, DBP or full 24-hour benefits.; The long-term report of 439 concerns a different population and high- versus low-dose active control. The 2012 account of 29 RCTs and 2023 account of 20 RCTs, 890 participants and approximate 3 mmHg are not summed or newly assigned as report-specific exact estimates, unique participants, independent replication or each analysis denominator.; Short-term surrogates are separated from durable control, nocturnal pressure and cardiovascular events, and single-ingredient gastrointestinal caution from combination-related BP increases. Unverified or unestablished benefit is not converted into lack of effect, overall safety or antihypertensive replacement. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which vitamin C and blood-pressure question does this cover? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing question concerns blood-pressure reduction in adults with hypertension or prehypertension. Directly studied adults taking antihypertensives are distinguished from supporting reports in other populations. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: External verification and content review of the question boundary and existing account remain incomplete. No separate subquestions are recorded and no new independence is certified. - Required materials and conditions: Oral single-ingredient vitamin C, hypertension, prehypertension, comparison, measurement and time - Materials to obtain first: External verification and content review of the question boundary and existing account remain incomplete. No separate subquestions are recorded and no new independence is certified. - Further research: Material needed: External verification and content review of the question boundary and existing account remain incomplete. No separate subquestions are recorded and no new independence is certified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Oral single-ingredient vitamin C, hypertension, prehypertension, comparison, measurement and time must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Oral single-ingredient vitamin C, hypertension, prehypertension, comparison, measurement and time is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N02 · How much is known about the single-ingredient formulation and source? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account concerns an oral single-ingredient ascorbic-acid supplement as a purified nutrient. A plant part is not applicable. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Feedstock, manufacture, country and study-specific tablets, capsules, salts and excipients remain unverified. Foods, combinations and intravenous administration are not automatically included. - Required materials and conditions: Ascorbic acid, tablets, capsules, salts, excipients and feedstock - Materials to obtain first: Feedstock, manufacture, country and study-specific tablets, capsules, salts and excipients remain unverified. Foods, combinations and intravenous administration are not automatically included. - Further research: Material needed: Feedstock, manufacture, country and study-specific tablets, capsules, salts and excipients remain unverified. Foods, combinations and intravenous administration are not automatically included. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Ascorbic acid, tablets, capsules, salts, excipients and feedstock must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Ascorbic acid, tablets, capsules, salts, excipients and feedstock is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N03 · Can 500 mg/day and other doses be read as the same effect? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing dose records distinguish direct-trial 500 mg/day, other-study 500–2000 mg/day and acute 2 g. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact report-specific products, doses, adherence and direct comparisons of an optimal dose remain unverified. Dose superiority is not calculated from numbers in different studies. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing direct 500 mg/day, other 500–2000 mg/day and acute 2 g - Materials to obtain first: Exact report-specific products, doses, adherence and direct comparisons of an optimal dose remain unverified. Dose superiority is not calculated from numbers in different studies. - Further research: Material needed: Exact report-specific products, doses, adherence and direct comparisons of an optimal dose remain unverified. Dose superiority is not calculated from numbers in different studies. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing direct 500 mg/day, other 500–2000 mg/day and acute 2 g must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing direct 500 mg/day, other 500–2000 mg/day and acute 2 g is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N04 · How are 6 weeks and other durations distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing records distinguish the direct trial over 6 weeks, 1 month, crossover periods of 3 months and long-term research. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific starts, ends, visits, exact long-term durations and complete outcome-time mappings remain unverified. The duration list is not arbitrarily assigned to each report. - Required materials and conditions: Direct 6-week research, 1 month, crossover periods of 3 months, long-term and acute exposure - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific starts, ends, visits, exact long-term durations and complete outcome-time mappings remain unverified. The duration list is not arbitrarily assigned to each report. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific starts, ends, visits, exact long-term durations and complete outcome-time mappings remain unverified. The duration list is not arbitrarily assigned to each report. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direct 6-week research, 1 month, crossover periods of 3 months, long-term and acute exposure must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direct 6-week research, 1 month, crossover periods of 3 months, long-term and acute exposure is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N05 · Do all reports directly concern hypertensive or prehypertensive adults? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The direct population is hypertensive adults taking antihypertensives. Older general-population and diabetic groups are separate supporting evidence. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Hypertensive and prehypertensive counts, diagnostic criteria and relevant subgroups in mixed reports remain unverified. Other populations' results are not converted into the same effect. - Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, medication, age, baseline conditions and population composition - Materials to obtain first: Hypertensive and prehypertensive counts, diagnostic criteria and relevant subgroups in mixed reports remain unverified. Other populations' results are not converted into the same effect. - Further research: Material needed: Hypertensive and prehypertensive counts, diagnostic criteria and relevant subgroups in mixed reports remain unverified. Other populations' results are not converted into the same effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Diagnosis, medication, age, baseline conditions and population composition must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Diagnosis, medication, age, baseline conditions and population composition is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N06 · Are differences by baseline vitamin C and blood pressure known? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account states that trials with different populations and baseline pressure were not simply combined as the same effect. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Study-specific vitamin C deficiency, concentrations, baseline pressure and prespecified subgroup results are absent from the stored summary. No new population-specific effect is calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Baseline intake, circulating concentration, pressure, conditions and prespecified subgroups - Materials to obtain first: Study-specific vitamin C deficiency, concentrations, baseline pressure and prespecified subgroup results are absent from the stored summary. No new population-specific effect is calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Study-specific vitamin C deficiency, concentrations, baseline pressure and prespecified subgroup results are absent from the stored summary. No new population-specific effect is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Baseline intake, circulating concentration, pressure, conditions and prespecified subgroups must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Baseline intake, circulating concentration, pressure, conditions and prespecified subgroups is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N07 · Are placebo and low-dose active control the same comparison? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing question uses matched placebo as its main comparison, separating grape-seed combinations and low-dose active control. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact placebo composition, matching of concurrent care and long-term active-control doses remain unverified. Different comparisons are not treated as identical. - Required materials and conditions: Matched placebo, high-dose and low-dose active controls and direct contrasts - Materials to obtain first: Exact placebo composition, matching of concurrent care and long-term active-control doses remain unverified. Different comparisons are not treated as identical. - Further research: Material needed: Exact placebo composition, matching of concurrent care and long-term active-control doses remain unverified. Different comparisons are not treated as identical. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Matched placebo, high-dose and low-dose active controls and direct contrasts must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Matched placebo, high-dose and low-dose active controls and direct contrasts is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N08 · How were existing antihypertensives maintained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account treats maintenance of medication as an important boundary. It concerns adding a supplement to existing blood-pressure care or comparing with placebo. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group-specific medication, changes, withdrawals and additional care remain unverified. Supplement findings are not extended into evidence for replacing or stopping antihypertensives. - Required materials and conditions: Medication types, doses, changes, adherence and additional care - Materials to obtain first: Group-specific medication, changes, withdrawals and additional care remain unverified. Supplement findings are not extended into evidence for replacing or stopping antihypertensives. - Further research: Material needed: Group-specific medication, changes, withdrawals and additional care remain unverified. Supplement findings are not extended into evidence for replacing or stopping antihypertensives. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Medication types, doses, changes, adherence and additional care must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Medication types, doses, changes, adherence and additional care is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N09 · What were the pressure units, devices and repeated measurements? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing outcomes use mmHg, treating office SBP and DBP separately from ambulatory SBP and DBP. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Study-specific devices, calibration, posture, measurement counts, averaging rules and visit times remain unverified. Measurement methods and results are distinguished. - Required materials and conditions: mmHg, SBP, DBP, devices, posture, repetition, averaging and timing - Materials to obtain first: Study-specific devices, calibration, posture, measurement counts, averaging rules and visit times remain unverified. Measurement methods and results are distinguished. - Further research: Material needed: Study-specific devices, calibration, posture, measurement counts, averaging rules and visit times remain unverified. Measurement methods and results are distinguished. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on mmHg, SBP, DBP, devices, posture, repetition, averaging and timing must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on mmHg, SBP, DBP, devices, posture, repetition, averaging and timing is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N10 · Are office and ambulatory pressure the same outcome? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing records separate office and ambulatory pressure. Ward concerns 24-hour ambulatory measurement, while the older-person trial distinguishes daytime effects from office results. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Measurement windows, selected analyses, exact denominators and office values remain unverified. Different measurement results are not combined into one effect. - Required materials and conditions: Estimates and denominators for office, daytime and full ambulatory pressure - Materials to obtain first: Measurement windows, selected analyses, exact denominators and office values remain unverified. Different measurement results are not combined into one effect. - Further research: Material needed: Measurement windows, selected analyses, exact denominators and office values remain unverified. Different measurement results are not combined into one effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Estimates and denominators for office, daytime and full ambulatory pressure must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Estimates and denominators for office, daytime and full ambulatory pressure is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R03 ### N11 · Can daytime SBP be converted into nocturnal or 24-hour benefit? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing synthesis records that 24-hour and nocturnal benefits were not established. Fotherby's daytime value is also not converted into a full 24-hour effect. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Complete nocturnal and 24-hour estimates, intervals, denominators and sleep-time definitions remain unverified. A specific positive contrast is not extended to every window. - Required materials and conditions: Daytime, nocturnal and 24-hour windows and their separate results - Materials to obtain first: Complete nocturnal and 24-hour estimates, intervals, denominators and sleep-time definitions remain unverified. A specific positive contrast is not extended to every window. - Further research: Material needed: Complete nocturnal and 24-hour estimates, intervals, denominators and sleep-time definitions remain unverified. A specific positive contrast is not extended to every window. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Daytime, nocturnal and 24-hour windows and their separate results must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Daytime, nocturnal and 24-hour windows and their separate results is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R03, R05, R06 ### N12 · Does a positive SBP finding mean the same result for DBP? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account records that a specific positive SBP finding does not establish the same result for DBP, nocturnal pressure or long-term control. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Ward's exact vitamin-C-alone DBP value and full DBP effects, intervals and hierarchy across reports remain unverified. SBP values do not fill these gaps. - Required materials and conditions: Separate SBP and DBP values, denominators, intervals, tests and hierarchy - Materials to obtain first: Ward's exact vitamin-C-alone DBP value and full DBP effects, intervals and hierarchy across reports remain unverified. SBP values do not fill these gaps. - Further research: Material needed: Ward's exact vitamin-C-alone DBP value and full DBP effects, intervals and hierarchy across reports remain unverified. SBP values do not fill these gaps. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Separate SBP and DBP values, denominators, intervals, tests and hierarchy must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Separate SBP and DBP values, denominators, intervals, tests and hierarchy is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N13 · Which contrast was used in Ward's 4-group trial? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing design is a double-blind 4-group randomized trial. Only vitamin C alone versus placebo is used as direct blood-pressure evidence. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group-specific allocation, products, background care, interaction plans and prespecified contrasts remain unverified. Combination and single-ingredient groups are separated. - Required materials and conditions: The 4-group allocation, vitamin C alone, placebo, combination and prespecified contrasts - Materials to obtain first: Group-specific allocation, products, background care, interaction plans and prespecified contrasts remain unverified. Combination and single-ingredient groups are separated. - Further research: Material needed: Group-specific allocation, products, background care, interaction plans and prespecified contrasts remain unverified. Combination and single-ingredient groups are separated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on The 4-group allocation, vitamin C alone, placebo, combination and prespecified contrasts must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on The 4-group allocation, vitamin C alone, placebo, combination and prespecified contrasts is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N14 · What is Ward's SBP value for vitamin C alone versus placebo? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing result is vitamin C alone versus placebo SBP −1.8±0.8 mmHg, P=.03. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: The exact 95% CI, adjustment, effect of interest and vitamin-C-alone DBP remain unverified. The full 4-group result, pre/post changes and combination results are not converted into the isolated effect. - Required materials and conditions: Direction, mmHg, P value and level of the single-ingredient contrast - Materials to obtain first: The exact 95% CI, adjustment, effect of interest and vitamin-C-alone DBP remain unverified. The full 4-group result, pre/post changes and combination results are not converted into the isolated effect. - Further research: Material needed: The exact 95% CI, adjustment, effect of interest and vitamin-C-alone DBP remain unverified. The full 4-group result, pre/post changes and combination results are not converted into the isolated effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Direction, mmHg, P value and level of the single-ingredient contrast must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Direction, mmHg, P value and level of the single-ingredient contrast is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N15 · Are Ward's 69 total participants the contrast-analysis denominator? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing sample record is 69 total participants; vitamin-C-alone and placebo arm analysis counts remain unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group assignment, attrition, SBP, DBP and ambulatory analysis denominators and ITT or PP remain unverified. The 69 participants are not copied into each outcome or harm denominator. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing total, group assignment, analysis, measurement windows and missingness - Materials to obtain first: Group assignment, attrition, SBP, DBP and ambulatory analysis denominators and ITT or PP remain unverified. The 69 participants are not copied into each outcome or harm denominator. - Further research: Material needed: Group assignment, attrition, SBP, DBP and ambulatory analysis denominators and ITT or PP remain unverified. The 69 participants are not copied into each outcome or harm denominator. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing total, group assignment, analysis, measurement windows and missingness must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing total, group assignment, analysis, measurement windows and missingness is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N16 · What does Ward's ±0.8 mean? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing result explicitly leaves the SD or SE meaning of ± and the exact 95% CI unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: The ± type, standard error, variance, valid denominator and original CI inputs remain unverified. No new interval, variance or sample size is calculated from ±0.8. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing SD and SE, the exact 95% CI and analysis model - Materials to obtain first: The ± type, standard error, variance, valid denominator and original CI inputs remain unverified. No new interval, variance or sample size is calculated from ±0.8. - Further research: Material needed: The ± type, standard error, variance, valid denominator and original CI inputs remain unverified. No new interval, variance or sample size is calculated from ±0.8. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Distinguishing SD and SE, the exact 95% CI and analysis model must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Distinguishing SD and SE, the exact 95% CI and analysis model is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N17 · Can the grape-seed combination's pressure increase be attributed to vitamin C alone? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The paper title concerns increased pressure with vitamin C and grape-seed polyphenols combined. The existing citation account does not attribute that harm to the single ingredient. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: The combination's exact increase, denominator, interval, cause and interaction remain unverified. A 4-group title or overall result is not transferred into a vitamin-C-alone harm estimate. - Required materials and conditions: Combination groups, isolated contrasts, the paper title and interaction - Materials to obtain first: The combination's exact increase, denominator, interval, cause and interaction remain unverified. A 4-group title or overall result is not transferred into a vitamin-C-alone harm estimate. - Further research: Material needed: The combination's exact increase, denominator, interval, cause and interaction remain unverified. A 4-group title or overall result is not transferred into a vitamin-C-alone harm estimate. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Combination groups, isolated contrasts, the paper title and interaction must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Combination groups, isolated contrasts, the paper title and interaction is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N18 · How does Duffy's BP report relate to associated FMD research? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Duffy is a placebo-controlled hypertension report. The existing account describes related FMD research from the same investigators and a related cohort, without counting it as independent replication. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact participant correspondence, overlap, inclusion and registry identity remain unverified. Related FMD or other verdict results are not imported as BP efficacy. - Required materials and conditions: The original BP report, related investigators, cohort and outcome identity - Materials to obtain first: Exact participant correspondence, overlap, inclusion and registry identity remain unverified. Related FMD or other verdict results are not imported as BP efficacy. - Further research: Material needed: Exact participant correspondence, overlap, inclusion and registry identity remain unverified. Related FMD or other verdict results are not imported as BP efficacy. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on The original BP report, related investigators, cohort and outcome identity must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on The original BP report, related investigators, cohort and outcome identity is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R02 ### N19 · Can the 39 participants in related FMD research serve as Duffy's BP denominator? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing record leaves original BP trial and analysis denominators unverified while specifying 39 in the related FMD paper. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original BP group and outcome denominators, attrition and correspondence of the 39 participants to BP results remain unverified. Related-report counts are not converted into original denominators. - Required materials and conditions: Original BP assignment and analysis denominators versus related-report counts - Materials to obtain first: Original BP group and outcome denominators, attrition and correspondence of the 39 participants to BP results remain unverified. Related-report counts are not converted into original denominators. - Further research: Material needed: Original BP group and outcome denominators, attrition and correspondence of the 39 participants to BP results remain unverified. Related-report counts are not converted into original denominators. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original BP assignment and analysis denominators versus related-report counts must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original BP assignment and analysis denominators versus related-report counts is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R02 ### N20 · Which numerical findings were held back for Duffy? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing record preserves reported BP reduction while withholding exact adjusted between-group effects, 95% CIs and P values. The English account also leaves exact adjusted results unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: The withheld original effects, intervals, denominators and relationship to media pre/post values remain unverified. Pre/post numbers or estimates do not fill the gaps. - Required materials and conditions: Exact adjusted between-group effects, 95% CIs, P values and pre/post values - Materials to obtain first: The withheld original effects, intervals, denominators and relationship to media pre/post values remain unverified. Pre/post numbers or estimates do not fill the gaps. - Further research: Material needed: The withheld original effects, intervals, denominators and relationship to media pre/post values remain unverified. Pre/post numbers or estimates do not fill the gaps. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Exact adjusted between-group effects, 95% CIs, P values and pre/post values must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Exact adjusted between-group effects, 95% CIs, P values and pre/post values is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R02 ### N21 · What population do Fotherby's 40 older participants represent? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing sample is 40, with the English account recording ages 60–80. Hypertensive or prehypertensive composition and analysis denominators remain unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Whether all were hypertensive, prehypertensive counts, medication, crossover completion and analysis denominators remain unverified. The 40 are not used as every population, outcome or harm denominator. - Required materials and conditions: Age, hypertension, prehypertension, baseline pressure and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Whether all were hypertensive, prehypertensive counts, medication, crossover completion and analysis denominators remain unverified. The 40 are not used as every population, outcome or harm denominator. - Further research: Material needed: Whether all were hypertensive, prehypertensive counts, medication, crossover completion and analysis denominators remain unverified. The 40 are not used as every population, outcome or harm denominator. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Age, hypertension, prehypertension, baseline pressure and denominators must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Age, hypertension, prehypertension, baseline pressure and denominators is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R03 ### N22 · What are Fotherby's daytime SBP and unestablished-benefit results? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing result is a daytime SBP fall of 2.0±5.2 mmHg, 95% CI 0–3.9. Office and DBP benefits remain unestablished. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: The definition of ±5.2, exact contrast, denominator, nocturnal and 24-hour results, P value and footnotes remain unverified. A reported fall is not arbitrarily negated or converted into full ambulatory benefit. - Required materials and conditions: Daytime SBP 2.0±5.2 mmHg, 95% CI 0–3.9 versus office and DBP - Materials to obtain first: The definition of ±5.2, exact contrast, denominator, nocturnal and 24-hour results, P value and footnotes remain unverified. A reported fall is not arbitrarily negated or converted into full ambulatory benefit. - Further research: Material needed: The definition of ±5.2, exact contrast, denominator, nocturnal and 24-hour results, P value and footnotes remain unverified. A reported fall is not arbitrarily negated or converted into full ambulatory benefit. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Daytime SBP 2.0±5.2 mmHg, 95% CI 0–3.9 versus office and DBP must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Daytime SBP 2.0±5.2 mmHg, 95% CI 0–3.9 versus office and DBP is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R03 ### N23 · Were order, washout and carryover verified in the older-person crossover trial? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing design is a double-blind placebo crossover trial. Existing duration records distinguish crossover periods of 3 months from other durations. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: The report's original sequence and period tables, washout, carryover, paired analysis and period-specific denominators remain unverified. Periods are not counted as new trials or participants. - Required materials and conditions: Crossover sequence, periods, washout, pairing and original analysis - Materials to obtain first: The report's original sequence and period tables, washout, carryover, paired analysis and period-specific denominators remain unverified. Periods are not counted as new trials or participants. - Further research: Material needed: The report's original sequence and period tables, washout, carryover, paired analysis and period-specific denominators remain unverified. Periods are not counted as new trials or participants. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Crossover sequence, periods, washout, pairing and original analysis must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Crossover sequence, periods, washout, pairing and original analysis is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R03 ### N24 · Is Kim's long-term high- versus low-dose report a direct placebo replication? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing citation account records high- versus low-dose comparison in a Japanese atrophic-gastritis population. It is not a direct placebo replication in hypertensive patients. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Hypertensive and prehypertensive composition, selection, group doses and applicability of prespecified primary BP outcomes remain unverified. Different-population and active-control boundaries are retained. - Required materials and conditions: Atrophic-gastritis population, long-term active control and BP hierarchy - Materials to obtain first: Hypertensive and prehypertensive composition, selection, group doses and applicability of prespecified primary BP outcomes remain unverified. Different-population and active-control boundaries are retained. - Further research: Material needed: Hypertensive and prehypertensive composition, selection, group doses and applicability of prespecified primary BP outcomes remain unverified. Different-population and active-control boundaries are retained. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Atrophic-gastritis population, long-term active control and BP hierarchy must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Atrophic-gastritis population, long-term active control and BP hierarchy is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R04 ### N25 · What denominator do the 439 participants in the long-term report represent? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing sample record reports 439, with analysis denominators unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group assignment, analysis, long-term attrition and BP or harm denominators remain unverified. The 439 are not used as valid denominators for each time, outcome or harm. - Required materials and conditions: Reported counts, assignment, analysis, groups and follow-up denominators - Materials to obtain first: Group assignment, analysis, long-term attrition and BP or harm denominators remain unverified. The 439 are not used as valid denominators for each time, outcome or harm. - Further research: Material needed: Group assignment, analysis, long-term attrition and BP or harm denominators remain unverified. The 439 are not used as valid denominators for each time, outcome or harm. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Reported counts, assignment, analysis, groups and follow-up denominators must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Reported counts, assignment, analysis, groups and follow-up denominators is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R04 ### N26 · How does unestablished long-term benefit differ from short-term results? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing result retains unestablished long-term BP benefit and does not directly combine it with placebo results in hypertensive patients. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact effects, intervals, duration, background care and same-population short-term comparisons remain unverified. This report alone establishes neither long-term null effects nor durable benefit. - Required materials and conditions: Long-term active control, result direction, duration and durability - Materials to obtain first: Exact effects, intervals, duration, background care and same-population short-term comparisons remain unverified. This report alone establishes neither long-term null effects nor durable benefit. - Further research: Material needed: Exact effects, intervals, duration, background care and same-population short-term comparisons remain unverified. This report alone establishes neither long-term null effects nor durable benefit. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term active control, result direction, duration and durability must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term active control, result direction, duration and durability is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R04 ### N27 · What does the 2012 meta-analysis record for 29 RCTs? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing citation records short-term BP pooling across 29 RCTs. The overall account's approximate 3 mmHg systolic signal is distinguished from this report's exact pooled estimate. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Inclusion tables, hypertensive or prehypertensive contributions, exact SBP and DBP effects, CIs, durations, doses and extraction remain unverified. The overall signal is not newly assigned as this report's exact estimate. - Required materials and conditions: The existing 29 RCT account, short-term BP, inclusion, outcomes and populations - Materials to obtain first: Inclusion tables, hypertensive or prehypertensive contributions, exact SBP and DBP effects, CIs, durations, doses and extraction remain unverified. The overall signal is not newly assigned as this report's exact estimate. - Further research: Material needed: Inclusion tables, hypertensive or prehypertensive contributions, exact SBP and DBP effects, CIs, durations, doses and extraction remain unverified. The overall signal is not newly assigned as this report's exact estimate. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on The existing 29 RCT account, short-term BP, inclusion, outcomes and populations must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on The existing 29 RCT account, short-term BP, inclusion, outcomes and populations is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R05 ### N28 · What is the scope of the 2023 report's 20 RCTs and 890 participants? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing citation records an approximate 3 mmHg SBP signal across 20 RCTs and 890 participants. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact pooled estimates, CIs, group and outcome denominators, inclusion, overlap, single-ingredient oral eligibility and durations remain unverified. The 890 are not used as a direct-trial or universal analysis denominator. - Required materials and conditions: The 20 RCTs, 890 participants, approximate 3 mmHg SBP and population or denominator scope - Materials to obtain first: Exact pooled estimates, CIs, group and outcome denominators, inclusion, overlap, single-ingredient oral eligibility and durations remain unverified. The 890 are not used as a direct-trial or universal analysis denominator. - Further research: Material needed: Exact pooled estimates, CIs, group and outcome denominators, inclusion, overlap, single-ingredient oral eligibility and durations remain unverified. The 890 are not used as a direct-trial or universal analysis denominator. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on The 20 RCTs, 890 participants, approximate 3 mmHg SBP and population or denominator scope must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on The 20 RCTs, 890 participants, approximate 3 mmHg SBP and population or denominator scope is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R06 ### N29 · Can 29, 20 and the direct reports be added as independent replications? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing records contain 4 direct-evidence entries, 6 citations and accounts of 29 and 20 RCTs. The restriction on independently counting Duffy's related cohort is also retained. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Actual overlap between the meta-analyses, inclusion and extraction of direct reports and unique trials or participants remain unverified. Neither 29+20 nor direct reports plus reviews are summed. - Required materials and conditions: Meta-analysis overlap, reports, trials, cohort relationships and unique counts - Materials to obtain first: Actual overlap between the meta-analyses, inclusion and extraction of direct reports and unique trials or participants remain unverified. Neither 29+20 nor direct reports plus reviews are summed. - Further research: Material needed: Actual overlap between the meta-analyses, inclusion and extraction of direct reports and unique trials or participants remain unverified. Neither 29+20 nor direct reports plus reviews are summed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Meta-analysis overlap, reports, trials, cohort relationships and unique counts must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Meta-analysis overlap, reports, trials, cohort relationships and unique counts is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N30 · Were prespecified primary BP outcomes and analysis hierarchy verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Ward, Duffy, older-person and long-term reports leave prespecified hierarchy or direct applicability as hypertension primary outcomes unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Registry content, protocols, SAPs, prespecified outcomes, amendment timing and multiplicity remain unverified. Existing primary-outcome labels or a disabled co-primary-split indicator do not certify prespecification. - Required materials and conditions: Registration, protocols, SBP, DBP, time windows and prespecified analysis - Materials to obtain first: Registry content, protocols, SAPs, prespecified outcomes, amendment timing and multiplicity remain unverified. Existing primary-outcome labels or a disabled co-primary-split indicator do not certify prespecification. - Further research: Material needed: Registry content, protocols, SAPs, prespecified outcomes, amendment timing and multiplicity remain unverified. Existing primary-outcome labels or a disabled co-primary-split indicator do not certify prespecification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Registration, protocols, SBP, DBP, time windows and prespecified analysis must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Registration, protocols, SBP, DBP, time windows and prespecified analysis is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N31 · Do randomization or masking labels establish verified procedures? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing designs include randomized, double-blind, crossover and high- versus low-dose comparisons. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Random sequence, concealment, maintained masking, baseline balance and detailed procedures remain unverified because external materials are unread. Design labels or B1 are not converted into passing a new official assessment. - Required materials and conditions: Random sequences, concealment, masking, group balance and control specifications - Materials to obtain first: Random sequence, concealment, maintained masking, baseline balance and detailed procedures remain unverified because external materials are unread. Design labels or B1 are not converted into passing a new official assessment. - Further research: Material needed: Random sequence, concealment, maintained masking, baseline balance and detailed procedures remain unverified because external materials are unread. Design labels or B1 are not converted into passing a new official assessment. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Random sequences, concealment, masking, group balance and control specifications must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Random sequences, concealment, masking, group balance and control specifications is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N32 · Were between-group, pre/post and crossover contrasts distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account records that uncontrolled pre/post changes or the full 4-group result overstate vitamin C alone if read as its effect. Duffy's adjusted between-group estimate remains withheld. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Effects of interest, analysis populations, covariates, models and isolated contributions remain unverified. Different contrasts are not converted into the same estimate. - Required materials and conditions: Adjustment, analysis populations, ITT, PP, crossover, effect of interest and denominator - Materials to obtain first: Effects of interest, analysis populations, covariates, models and isolated contributions remain unverified. Different contrasts are not converted into the same estimate. - Further research: Material needed: Effects of interest, analysis populations, covariates, models and isolated contributions remain unverified. Different contrasts are not converted into the same estimate. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Adjustment, analysis populations, ITT, PP, crossover, effect of interest and denominator must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Adjustment, analysis populations, ITT, PP, crossover, effect of interest and denominator is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N33 · How were attrition and missing BP data reflected in analyses? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing sample records retain both total reported counts and unverified analysis denominators. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Attrition reasons, valid ambulatory measurements, missingness, post-assignment exclusions and imputation remain unverified. No new excluded counts or effects are calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Group attrition, failed measurements, omissions, adjustment and time-specific analyses - Materials to obtain first: Attrition reasons, valid ambulatory measurements, missingness, post-assignment exclusions and imputation remain unverified. No new excluded counts or effects are calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Attrition reasons, valid ambulatory measurements, missingness, post-assignment exclusions and imputation remain unverified. No new excluded counts or effects are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Group attrition, failed measurements, omissions, adjustment and time-specific analyses must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Group attrition, failed measurements, omissions, adjustment and time-specific analyses is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N34 · Could selected measurements and reporting explain a difference? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Distinguishing office, daytime, 24-hour and SBP or DBP outcomes is an interpretation boundary in the existing account. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Identical measurement procedures, assessor masking, selective-reporting scope and omitted outcomes remain unverified. Full original results and prespecified plans are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Devices, assessor masking, valid records, full results and analyses - Materials to obtain first: Identical measurement procedures, assessor masking, selective-reporting scope and omitted outcomes remain unverified. Full original results and prespecified plans are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Identical measurement procedures, assessor masking, selective-reporting scope and omitted outcomes remain unverified. Full original results and prespecified plans are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Devices, assessor masking, valid records, full results and analyses must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Devices, assessor masking, valid records, full results and analyses is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N35 · How are results with different populations, doses, durations and measurements handled? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing synthesis records mostly short and heterogeneous studies. Different doses, durations and populations are not simply combined as the same effect. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact I², τ², models, prespecified subgroups, individual contributions and influence analyses remain unverified. No new heterogeneity, pooled effect or independent-replication count is calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Populations, single ingredients, combinations, durations, windows and pooled heterogeneity - Materials to obtain first: Exact I², τ², models, prespecified subgroups, individual contributions and influence analyses remain unverified. No new heterogeneity, pooled effect or independent-replication count is calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Exact I², τ², models, prespecified subgroups, individual contributions and influence analyses remain unverified. No new heterogeneity, pooled effect or independent-replication count is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Populations, single ingredients, combinations, durations, windows and pooled heterogeneity must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Populations, single ingredients, combinations, durations, windows and pooled heterogeneity is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R05, R06 ### N36 · Was the clinical importance of the approximate 3 mmHg signal verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account retains an approximate 3 mmHg SBP signal while stating that clinical thresholds and precision were not sufficiently verified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Exact pooled CIs, external clinical thresholds, baseline risks, patient importance and guaranteed individual effects remain unverified. A small mean reduction is not converted into the same effect for everyone. - Required materials and conditions: Effects, intervals, clinical thresholds and individual or population applicability - Materials to obtain first: Exact pooled CIs, external clinical thresholds, baseline risks, patient importance and guaranteed individual effects remain unverified. A small mean reduction is not converted into the same effect for everyone. - Further research: Material needed: Exact pooled CIs, external clinical thresholds, baseline risks, patient importance and guaranteed individual effects remain unverified. A small mean reduction is not converted into the same effect for everyone. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Effects, intervals, clinical thresholds and individual or population applicability must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Effects, intervals, clinical thresholds and individual or population applicability is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R03, R05, R06 ### N37 · Does short-term BP answer durable-control or cardiovascular-event questions? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account records that sustained, 24-hour, nocturnal and cardiovascular-event benefits were not established. Replacing antihypertensives or preventing events exceeds the tested scope. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Long-term population-specific control, medication needs, clinical-event effects, denominators and intervals remain unverified. Short-term surrogates and clinical events are distinguished. - Required materials and conditions: Long-term follow-up, post-stopping durability, target pressure and clinical events - Materials to obtain first: Long-term population-specific control, medication needs, clinical-event effects, denominators and intervals remain unverified. Short-term surrogates and clinical events are distinguished. - Further research: Material needed: Long-term population-specific control, medication needs, clinical-event effects, denominators and intervals remain unverified. Short-term surrogates and clinical events are distinguished. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term follow-up, post-stopping durability, target pressure and clinical events must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term follow-up, post-stopping durability, target pressure and clinical events is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N38 · Can optimal effects for particular populations or doses be identified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account explains that studies with different doses, durations and populations were not treated as the same effect. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Prespecified contrasts and intervals by hypertension, prehypertension, age, medication, deficiency or dose remain unverified. Optimal doses or population-specific effects are not newly chosen across different studies. - Required materials and conditions: Prespecified subgroups, interactions, direct dose comparison and populations - Materials to obtain first: Prespecified contrasts and intervals by hypertension, prehypertension, age, medication, deficiency or dose remain unverified. Optimal doses or population-specific effects are not newly chosen across different studies. - Further research: Material needed: Prespecified contrasts and intervals by hypertension, prehypertension, age, medication, deficiency or dose remain unverified. Optimal doses or population-specific effects are not newly chosen across different studies. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Prespecified subgroups, interactions, direct dose comparison and populations must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Prespecified subgroups, interactions, direct dose comparison and populations is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N39 · Were positive, withheld and unestablished-benefit findings all retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Ward's vitamin-C-alone SBP and older-person daytime signals, unestablished office or DBP benefit, Duffy's withheld exact values and unestablished long-term benefit are preserved separately. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: All contrary or null reports under identical conditions, selected results and a complete inclusion list remain unverified. Uncertainty is not declared null and supporting positive values do not replace confirmation. - Required materials and conditions: Vitamin-C-alone SBP, office pressure, DBP, Duffy's withheld values and long-term results - Materials to obtain first: All contrary or null reports under identical conditions, selected results and a complete inclusion list remain unverified. Uncertainty is not declared null and supporting positive values do not replace confirmation. - Further research: Material needed: All contrary or null reports under identical conditions, selected results and a complete inclusion list remain unverified. Uncertainty is not declared null and supporting positive values do not replace confirmation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Vitamin-C-alone SBP, office pressure, DBP, Duffy's withheld values and long-term results must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Vitamin-C-alone SBP, office pressure, DBP, Duffy's withheld values and long-term results is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N40 · How much is known about funding, product provision and employee authors? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Ward funding, products and employee authors and Duffy's detailed contracts or manufacturer involvement remain unverified. Fotherby and Kim funding also remain unverified. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Contracts, product provision, interests, analysis and publication independence and meta-analysis interests remain unverified. Existing I2 is not transferred into independence verification in this work. - Required materials and conditions: Funding, products, interests, analysis, publication and author roles - Materials to obtain first: Contracts, product provision, interests, analysis and publication independence and meta-analysis interests remain unverified. Existing I2 is not transferred into independence verification in this work. - Further research: Material needed: Contracts, product provision, interests, analysis and publication independence and meta-analysis interests remain unverified. Existing I2 is not transferred into independence verification in this work. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Funding, products, interests, analysis, publication and author roles must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Funding, products, interests, analysis, publication and author roles is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N41 · How do materials read in this work differ from external materials? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The complete existing stored summary was read, linking 4 evidence entries and 6 citations to 6 reports. External abstracts, full texts and registration remain unread with access unattempted in this work. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Actual external identity, content, public availability, acquisition and needed details remain unverified. URLs or historical verification wording are not converted into current external verification or access failure. - Required materials and conditions: Acquisition and reading of stored summaries, external abstracts, full texts and registration - Materials to obtain first: Actual external identity, content, public availability, acquisition and needed details remain unverified. URLs or historical verification wording are not converted into current external verification or access failure. - Further research: Material needed: Actual external identity, content, public availability, acquisition and needed details remain unverified. URLs or historical verification wording are not converted into current external verification or access failure. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Acquisition and reading of stored summaries, external abstracts, full texts and registration must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Acquisition and reading of stored summaries, external abstracts, full texts and registration is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N42 · What do the existing evidence date and historical abstract checks or comparisons record? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing evidence date is 2026-09-07 and correction history is an empty list. Historical abstract checks, unverified registration and independent comparisons are preserved as original records. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Historical search end, actual reading locations, times, correction details and current external content remain unverified. The 2026-09-07 date is not used as completed external reading or content review in this work. - Required materials and conditions: The existing evidence date, correction history, historical access and production time - Materials to obtain first: Historical search end, actual reading locations, times, correction details and current external content remain unverified. The 2026-09-07 date is not used as completed external reading or content review in this work. - Further research: Material needed: Historical search end, actual reading locations, times, correction details and current external content remain unverified. The 2026-09-07 date is not used as completed external reading or content review in this work. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on The existing evidence date, correction history, historical access and production time must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on The existing evidence date, correction history, historical access and production time is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N43 · What do the existing Korean and English accounts, C54 and assessment axes record? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Existing C54, caution and B/S/R0/I2/E+/B1/C0 axes are preserved. A disabled no-human-study indicator and empty values are also original verdict records. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Detailed external translation comparison or new clinical or independence certification was not performed. Historical cross-checks and grade records are not converted into completed clinical content review in this work. - Required materials and conditions: Existing Korean and English accounts, C54, caution, assessment axes and empty history - Materials to obtain first: Detailed external translation comparison or new clinical or independence certification was not performed. Historical cross-checks and grade records are not converted into completed clinical content review in this work. - Further research: Material needed: Detailed external translation comparison or new clinical or independence certification was not performed. Historical cross-checks and grade records are not converted into completed clinical content review in this work. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Existing Korean and English accounts, C54, caution, assessment axes and empty history must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Existing Korean and English accounts, C54, caution, assessment axes and empty history is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N44 · What records concern gastrointestinal harms of high-dose oral vitamin C alone? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing safety account retains possible diarrhea or gastrointestinal discomfort with high oral doses and limited trial-specific event counts. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Actual events, withdrawals, definitions, severity, collection, masking and group-specific counts remain unverified. General cautions are not converted into incidence or no events in this trial. - Required materials and conditions: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, event definitions, severity and collection - Materials to obtain first: Actual events, withdrawals, definitions, severity, collection, masking and group-specific counts remain unverified. General cautions are not converted into incidence or no events in this trial. - Further research: Material needed: Actual events, withdrawals, definitions, severity, collection, masking and group-specific counts remain unverified. General cautions are not converted into incidence or no events in this trial. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, event definitions, severity and collection must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, event definitions, severity and collection is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N45 · Are combination-related pressure increases and single-ingredient gastrointestinal cautions the same harm? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The combination-related BP increase in Ward's title is not attributed to the single ingredient. Gastrointestinal caution for high doses of vitamin C alone is a separate record. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: The 4-group comparative harm estimates, baseline and concurrent exposures, interaction and single-ingredient causality remain unverified. The title is not converted into causal BP increases or incidence for vitamin C alone. - Required materials and conditions: Grape-seed combinations, vitamin C alone, event definitions, contribution and alternatives - Materials to obtain first: The 4-group comparative harm estimates, baseline and concurrent exposures, interaction and single-ingredient causality remain unverified. The title is not converted into causal BP increases or incidence for vitamin C alone. - Further research: Material needed: The 4-group comparative harm estimates, baseline and concurrent exposures, interaction and single-ingredient causality remain unverified. The title is not converted into causal BP increases or incidence for vitamin C alone. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Grape-seed combinations, vitamin C alone, event definitions, contribution and alternatives must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Grape-seed combinations, vitamin C alone, event definitions, contribution and alternatives is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01 ### N46 · Can harm frequency and exposure or recovery times be calculated? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing account records limited trial-specific adverse-event counts. Total sample labels are not used as harm denominators. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Group-specific harm denominators, counts, duplication, onset, recovery, stopping, re-exposure and follow-up loss remain unverified. Incidence or comparative risk is not calculated from cautions lacking denominators or time. - Required materials and conditions: Exposed people, people with events, event counts, observation, stopping and recovery - Materials to obtain first: Group-specific harm denominators, counts, duplication, onset, recovery, stopping, re-exposure and follow-up loss remain unverified. Incidence or comparative risk is not calculated from cautions lacking denominators or time. - Further research: Material needed: Group-specific harm denominators, counts, duplication, onset, recovery, stopping, re-exposure and follow-up loss remain unverified. Incidence or comparative risk is not calculated from cautions lacking denominators or time. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Exposed people, people with events, event counts, observation, stopping and recovery must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Exposed people, people with events, event counts, observation, stopping and recovery is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N47 · What is the scope of long-term, stone-risk, kidney-disease or iron-overload materials? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The existing product account records caution with stone predisposition, kidney disease and iron overload. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Long-term and rare events, special populations, concurrent medication and risk sizes in hypertensive populations remain unverified. Short-term positive findings or few recorded events are not extended into overall safety or individual dosing instructions. - Required materials and conditions: Long-term and rare harms, population-specific exposure, duration and interactions - Materials to obtain first: Long-term and rare events, special populations, concurrent medication and risk sizes in hypertensive populations remain unverified. Short-term positive findings or few recorded events are not extended into overall safety or individual dosing instructions. - Further research: Material needed: Long-term and rare events, special populations, concurrent medication and risk sizes in hypertensive populations remain unverified. Short-term positive findings or few recorded events are not extended into overall safety or individual dosing instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Long-term and rare harms, population-specific exposure, duration and interactions must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Long-term and rare harms, population-specific exposure, duration and interactions is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N48 · Can harms across reports be summed as independent events? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored reports do not link harm estimates to unique events. Existing cautions and combination boundaries are retained by material. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Original-event relationships, repeated citation in reviews, regulatory material and independent event or participant counts remain unverified. Efficacy-report counts or repeated general cautions are not counted as independent harm events. - Required materials and conditions: Unique events, studies, repeated citations and matching efficacy or harm populations - Materials to obtain first: Original-event relationships, repeated citation in reviews, regulatory material and independent event or participant counts remain unverified. Efficacy-report counts or repeated general cautions are not counted as independent harm events. - Further research: Material needed: Original-event relationships, repeated citation in reviews, regulatory material and independent event or participant counts remain unverified. Efficacy-report counts or repeated general cautions are not counted as independent harm events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Unique events, studies, repeated citations and matching efficacy or harm populations must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Unique events, studies, repeated citations and matching efficacy or harm populations is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ### N49 · Which existing materials could update the gap record? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Complete existing Korean and English review summary, question and citations read; external abstracts, full text, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: This record preserves existing numbers, unverified fields and withheld values. Direct content review and external verification remain incomplete, and gaps are not filled with effects or frequencies. - Why unverified: This state links partial information and gaps in the existing stored summary. External verification and clinical content review remain incomplete; it does not certify fulfilled conditions, efficacy, safety, prespecification or independence. - Reason for missing information: Protocols, group- and time-specific outcomes, ± definitions, meta-analysis inclusion tables, harms and durability materials are needed. Material additions and condition changes are recorded separately; no new research, calculation or regrading is executed. - Required materials and conditions: Original contrasts, CIs, group and outcome denominators, prespecified hierarchy and change events - Materials to obtain first: Protocols, group- and time-specific outcomes, ± definitions, meta-analysis inclusion tables, harms and durability materials are needed. Material additions and condition changes are recorded separately; no new research, calculation or regrading is executed. - Further research: Material needed: Protocols, group- and time-specific outcomes, ± definitions, meta-analysis inclusion tables, harms and durability materials are needed. Material additions and condition changes are recorded separately; no new research, calculation or regrading is executed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original records on Original contrasts, CIs, group and outcome denominators, prespecified hierarchy and change events must link to the same question, product, population, comparator, measurement, time point and denominator, distinguishing single ingredients, combinations, active controls, daytime, nocturnal and sustained effects. - Why this condition is needed: Material on Original contrasts, CIs, group and outcome denominators, prespecified hierarchy and change events is needed to connect oral single-ingredient treatment, populations, maintained medication, comparators, BP measurement, time points, denominators, precision and harms. - Application exceptions: Existing C54, caution, assessment axes and empty values are retained. Oral single ingredients are distinguished from foods, combinations and intravenous use; placebo from active controls; SBP and DBP by window; and short-term BP from durability and events. No new effects, CIs, dispersion, attrition, incidence, unique totals, grades, optimal doses or individual dosing guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: Exact group, outcome and time-specific denominators, effects of interest, ± definitions, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, meta-analysis inclusion, overlap, clinical thresholds, long-term effects and harms remain unverified. Original positive signals, withheld values, unestablished benefits and historical verification wording are not converted into new calculations, current external reading or completed clinical review. - Referenced methods: Preserved principles distinguishing questions, direct comparisons, reports and trials, endpoints, denominators, precision and harms informed production. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Ward et al. 2005 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15662232/) Materials actually read: The relevant report and citation in the complete existing Korean and English review summary were read. External abstracts, full text, registration, plans, appendices and funding documents remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: This records 69 total participants and vitamin C alone versus placebo SBP −1.8±0.8 mmHg, P=.03. The SD or SE meaning of ±, exact 95% CI, vitamin-C-alone DBP and arm analysis denominators remain unverified. Record level: This records the specific placebo contrast for vitamin C alone. Grape-seed combination BP increases, all-arm results and pre/post changes are not the same isolated effect; prespecified contrasts and detailed analyses remain unverified. Independent replication: The 4 evidence entries and 6 citations are linked to 6 reports. Ward arms, older-person crossover periods, related Duffy FMD and meta-analysis studies are not counted as new independent trials or participants. The two meta-analyses’ 29/20 RCTs and 890 participants are original accounts; actual overlap and unique trial or participant totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | This is the existing stored record of PMID15662232 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200502000-00026. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID15662232 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200502000-00026. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID15662232 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200502000-00026. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID15662232 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200502000-00026. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID15662232 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200502000-00026. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID15662232 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200502000-00026. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Appendices and full materials | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID15662232 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200502000-00026. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID15662232 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200502000-00026. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | ### R02 Duffy et al. 1999 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10636373/) Materials actually read: The relevant report and citation in the complete existing Korean and English review summary were read. External abstracts, full text, registration, plans, appendices and funding documents remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: Reported BP reduction is retained, but exact adjusted between-group effects, 95% CIs and P values are withheld. Original BP denominators remain unverified; 39 in related FMD research is a separate label. Record level: This is a supporting early hypertension report. Related investigators and cohort are not added as independent replication, and media pre/post values do not fill withheld estimates. Independent replication: The 4 evidence entries and 6 citations are linked to 6 reports. Ward arms, older-person crossover periods, related Duffy FMD and meta-analysis studies are not counted as new independent trials or participants. The two meta-analyses’ 29/20 RCTs and 890 participants are original accounts; actual overlap and unique trial or participant totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10636373 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04410-4. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10636373 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04410-4. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10636373 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04410-4. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10636373 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04410-4. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10636373 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04410-4. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10636373 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04410-4. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Appendices and full materials | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10636373 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04410-4. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10636373 and DOI10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04410-4. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | ### R03 Fotherby et al. 2000 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10779091/) Materials actually read: The relevant report and citation in the complete existing Korean and English review summary were read. External abstracts, full text, registration, plans, appendices and funding documents remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: This records 40 adults aged 60–80 with a daytime SBP fall of 2.0±5.2 mmHg, 95% CI 0–3.9. Office and DBP benefits are unestablished; hypertensive composition, analysis denominators and the ± definition remain unverified. Record level: This is a supporting report with different baseline pressure and age. Daytime values are not converted into full 24-hour or nocturnal benefit, and a reported fall is not arbitrarily recalculated as a negative value. Sequence, washout and carryover remain unverified. Independent replication: The 4 evidence entries and 6 citations are linked to 6 reports. Ward arms, older-person crossover periods, related Duffy FMD and meta-analysis studies are not counted as new independent trials or participants. The two meta-analyses’ 29/20 RCTs and 890 participants are original accounts; actual overlap and unique trial or participant totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10779091 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200018040-00009. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10779091 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200018040-00009. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10779091 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200018040-00009. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10779091 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200018040-00009. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10779091 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200018040-00009. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10779091 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200018040-00009. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Appendices and full materials | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10779091 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200018040-00009. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID10779091 and DOI10.1097/00004872-200018040-00009. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | ### R04 Kim et al. 2002 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12468560/) Materials actually read: The relevant report and citation in the complete existing Korean and English review summary were read. External abstracts, full text, registration, plans, appendices and funding documents remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: This records 439 reported participants and unestablished long-term BP benefit. Analysis denominators remain unverified; it is not directly combined with placebo results in hypertensive patients. Record level: This is long-term context from a different population and active control. Exact doses, durations, effects, intervals and prespecified BP hierarchy remain unverified; neither long-term null effects nor durable benefit in the same population is established. Independent replication: The 4 evidence entries and 6 citations are linked to 6 reports. Ward arms, older-person crossover periods, related Duffy FMD and meta-analysis studies are not counted as new independent trials or participants. The two meta-analyses’ 29/20 RCTs and 890 participants are original accounts; actual overlap and unique trial or participant totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | This is the existing stored record of PMID12468560 and DOI10.1161/01.HYP.0000038339.67450.60. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID12468560 and DOI10.1161/01.HYP.0000038339.67450.60. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID12468560 and DOI10.1161/01.HYP.0000038339.67450.60. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID12468560 and DOI10.1161/01.HYP.0000038339.67450.60. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID12468560 and DOI10.1161/01.HYP.0000038339.67450.60. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID12468560 and DOI10.1161/01.HYP.0000038339.67450.60. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Appendices and full materials | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID12468560 and DOI10.1161/01.HYP.0000038339.67450.60. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID12468560 and DOI10.1161/01.HYP.0000038339.67450.60. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | ### R05 Juraschek et al. 2012 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22492364/) Materials actually read: The relevant report and citation in the complete existing Korean and English review summary were read. External abstracts, full text, registration, plans, appendices and funding documents remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: The existing citation records short-term BP pooling across 29 RCTs. It is linked from the stored citation without a separate original evidence entry. Record level: Exact pooled effects, CIs, hypertensive composition, measurement, durations, doses, inclusion and overlap remain unverified. The overall approximate 3 mmHg account is not newly assigned as this report’s exact estimate. Independent replication: The 4 evidence entries and 6 citations are linked to 6 reports. Ward arms, older-person crossover periods, related Duffy FMD and meta-analysis studies are not counted as new independent trials or participants. The two meta-analyses’ 29/20 RCTs and 890 participants are original accounts; actual overlap and unique trial or participant totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | This is the existing stored record of PMID22492364 and DOI10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. PMCID PMC3325833 is also retained from the original bibliography. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID22492364 and DOI10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. PMCID PMC3325833 is also retained from the original bibliography. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID22492364 and DOI10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. PMCID PMC3325833 is also retained from the original bibliography. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Review protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID22492364 and DOI10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. PMCID PMC3325833 is also retained from the original bibliography. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Search and inclusion tables | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID22492364 and DOI10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. PMCID PMC3325833 is also retained from the original bibliography. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Extraction and analysis tables | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID22492364 and DOI10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. PMCID PMC3325833 is also retained from the original bibliography. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Appendices and full materials | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID22492364 and DOI10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. PMCID PMC3325833 is also retained from the original bibliography. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID22492364 and DOI10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. PMCID PMC3325833 is also retained from the original bibliography. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | ### R06 Updated essential-hypertension meta-analysis. 2023 [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37791386/) Materials actually read: The relevant report and citation in the complete existing Korean and English review summary were read. External abstracts, full text, registration, plans, appendices and funding documents remain unread. Findings recorded in the summary: The existing citation records an approximate 3 mmHg SBP signal across 20 RCTs and 890 participants. It is linked from the stored citation without a separate original evidence entry. Record level: Exact estimates, CIs, eligibility, group, outcome and time-specific denominators, inclusion and overlap remain unverified. Original counts are not used as each analysis denominator, guaranteed individual effects or new independent totals. Independent replication: The 4 evidence entries and 6 citations are linked to 6 reports. Ward arms, older-person crossover periods, related Duffy FMD and meta-analysis studies are not counted as new independent trials or participants. The two meta-analyses’ 29/20 RCTs and 890 participants are original accounts; actual overlap and unique trial or participant totals remain unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete existing review summary | Stored summary | Summary read | This is the existing stored record of PMID37791386 and DOI10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID37791386 and DOI10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID37791386 and DOI10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Review protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID37791386 and DOI10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Search and inclusion tables | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID37791386 and DOI10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Extraction and analysis tables | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID37791386 and DOI10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Appendices and full materials | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID37791386 and DOI10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | | Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | This is the existing stored record of PMID37791386 and DOI10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549. External reports, registration, plans, full tables, appendices, funding and product involvement details are unread; material existence, acquisition, prespecification or independence was not newly verified. The material date 2026-09-07 is the original evidence date retained for every material entry. It is neither an actual external reading date nor completed content review in this work. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-21 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 49 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.