# Buteyko for Adult Asthma × FEV1, PEF and Airway Responsiveness — Improvement Unproven · Evidence and Gaps Sheet

Verdict 3007 · Evidence Check

Stored-material review date: Not recorded  
Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07  
Review-criteria version: 1.0  
Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-19

Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect.

## Assessment scope

- Population: These materials concern adjunctive training in adults with asthma. The parent representative population and report-specific overall, assigned and completed populations are not valid denominators for every lung-function test, arm and time. Original materials are needed for diagnosis, severity, baseline FEV1, PEF and PD20, concurrent care and eligibility. Findings are not extended to other populations or acute attacks.
- Ingredient, formulation and route: This is the objective lung-function question for Buteyko breathing training added to standard inhaled care. Adjunctive teaching and training are distinguished from arm-specific background care. Detailed teaching, instructors, intensity, frequency, actual adherence, exposure and medication changes are unverified. No new practice, treatment or tapering instructions are created.
- Dose: Only the teaching and program context in the stored summary is transferred. Exact intensity, frequency, actual exposure, arm-specific medication types and changes, and medication effects around testing are unverified. Voluntary control pause or medication figures are not converted into personal breathing amounts, optimal intensity or tapering steps.
- Comparator: Asthma education, sham devices, pranayama, Cowie's active physiotherapist-led breathing education and Vagedes's usual care are distinct comparisons. Arm-specific contact, teaching, exposure, background care and direct contrasts are needed. General breathing-retraining findings or effects against other comparators are not pooled as the same effect on selected measures.
- Measured outcome: The selection is improved FEV1, PEF or airway responsiveness, retaining original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes. Null FEV1 in Bowler, Cooper and Vagedes, PEF in Bowler and PD20 in Cooper are distinguished. Cowie's asthma control and ICS, voluntary control pause, ACQ, FeNO and symptom or rescue-use signals are not values or denominators for the selected tests. Without exact effects and CIs, null findings do not establish an effect of 0 or equivalence.
- Duration: The parent range spans several weeks to 6 months across trials. Bowler's 3 months and Cowie's 6-month assessment are distinguished; exact measurement windows for other reports and tests remain unverified. The same period is not copied to every measure or harm, and persistence after completion or long-term applicability is not newly established.
- Questions outside this scope: Null FEV1, PEF and PD20 findings are distinguished from gaps in exact effects and CIs; they are not converted into an effect of 0, equivalence or a new grade.; Symptoms, rescue use, ICS, asthma control, voluntary control pause, ACQ and FeNO are not substituted for values or denominators of the selected tests.; Different education, sham devices, pranayama, active education, usual care and report-specific observation periods are not pooled as the same comparison.; Assigned and completed populations, medication denominators, reports and subclaims are not summed to create new attrition counts, effects, unique trials, participants or harm counts.; Registration identifiers, historical funding or COI checks and preserved material dates are not labeled as new external reading or verification of prespecification or independent replication.; Null objective findings or parent symptom and medication signals are not extended into exacerbation prevention, inhaled-care replacement, cure or effects on acute attacks.; Study breathing, medication and observation periods are not converted into personal training steps, medication tapering or long-term safety guidance.

## Checklist items

### N01 · Which lung-function question and original verdict are being transferred?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The selection is improvement in FEV1, PEF or airway responsiveness. Each measure is distinguished within the existing subclaim and separated from the parent question about symptoms and rescue use.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original records are needed to establish the selected boundary and applicability to each measure. Measures or reports are not counted as new independent claims or trials.
- Required materials and conditions: Selected claim, existing subclaim verdict and parent-question scope
- Materials to obtain first: Original records are needed to establish the selected boundary and applicability to each measure. Measures or reports are not counted as new independent claims or trials.
- Further research: Material needed: Original records are needed to establish the selected boundary and applicability to each measure. Measures or reports are not counted as new independent claims or trials. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Selected claim, existing subclaim verdict and parent-question scope must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Selected claim, existing subclaim verdict and parent-question scope with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: 

### N02 · What do selected D and parent C50 refer to?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original explanation for selected D is that direct trials repeatedly failed to show improvement. Parent C50 concerns a different question about symptom and rescue-use signals; the selection has no separate score, status or axes.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original fields and authorized change records are needed. Missing selected values are not filled with the parent score or positive-effect axis, and no new grade is created.
- Required materials and conditions: Applicability of selected grade and explanation versus parent score and axes
- Materials to obtain first: Original fields and authorized change records are needed. Missing selected values are not filled with the parent score or positive-effect axis, and no new grade is created.
- Further research: Material needed: Original fields and authorized change records are needed. Missing selected values are not filled with the parent score or positive-effect axis, and no new grade is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Applicability of selected grade and explanation versus parent score and axes must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Applicability of selected grade and explanation versus parent score and axes with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: 

### N03 · Which adjunctive Buteyko training was studied?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The stored intervention is Buteyko breathing training added to standard inhaled care for adult asthma. Detailed teaching, intensity, frequency and actual adherence are unverified.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Specifications for instructors, teaching, exposure, adherence and arm-specific background care are needed. No new breathing-practice steps or treatment instructions are written.
- Required materials and conditions: Adjunctive education, actual exposure and standard care in adult asthma
- Materials to obtain first: Specifications for instructors, teaching, exposure, adherence and arm-specific background care are needed. No new breathing-practice steps or treatment instructions are written.
- Further research: Material needed: Specifications for instructors, teaching, exposure, adherence and arm-specific background care are needed. No new breathing-practice steps or treatment instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Adjunctive education, actual exposure and standard care in adult asthma must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Adjunctive education, actual exposure and standard care in adult asthma with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N04 · Which adults with asthma do the findings apply to?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The parent material concerns adult asthma. Overall, assigned and completed populations in each report are not used as valid denominators for every lung-function test and time point.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original baseline tables are needed for report-specific diagnosis, severity, baseline FEV1, PEF and PD20, medication, comorbidity and eligibility distributions.
- Required materials and conditions: Diagnosis, severity, baseline lung function, medication and eligibility
- Materials to obtain first: Original baseline tables are needed for report-specific diagnosis, severity, baseline FEV1, PEF and PD20, medication, comorbidity and eligibility distributions.
- Further research: Material needed: Original baseline tables are needed for report-specific diagnosis, severity, baseline FEV1, PEF and PD20, medication, comorbidity and eligibility distributions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Diagnosis, severity, baseline lung function, medication and eligibility must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Diagnosis, severity, baseline lung function, medication and eligibility with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N05 · Are education, sham devices, pranayama and usual care the same comparison?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original summary distinguishes education, sham devices and pranayama. Cowie's active physiotherapist-led breathing education and Vagedes's usual care are also different comparisons.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original plans for arm-specific teaching, contact, exposure, background care and lung-function contrasts are needed. General breathing retraining or pranayama is not pooled as Buteyko findings.
- Required materials and conditions: Placebo and active comparators, contact, background care and direct contrasts
- Materials to obtain first: Original plans for arm-specific teaching, contact, exposure, background care and lung-function contrasts are needed. General breathing retraining or pranayama is not pooled as Buteyko findings.
- Further research: Material needed: Original plans for arm-specific teaching, contact, exposure, background care and lung-function contrasts are needed. General breathing retraining or pranayama is not pooled as Buteyko findings. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Placebo and active comparators, contact, background care and direct contrasts must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Placebo and active comparators, contact, background care and direct contrasts with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N06 · How are inhaled care and medication changes distinguished from the findings?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original material retains the context of adjunctive studies and medication reduction under clinical review. Symptom or medication changes do not themselves establish improved objective lung function.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Arm-specific medication types, doses, actual changes, adherence, medication effects around measurement and analysis plans are needed. No personal tapering, withdrawal or replacement instructions are created.
- Required materials and conditions: Background inhaled care, clinical review, arm-specific changes and the effect of interest
- Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific medication types, doses, actual changes, adherence, medication effects around measurement and analysis plans are needed. No personal tapering, withdrawal or replacement instructions are created.
- Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific medication types, doses, actual changes, adherence, medication effects around measurement and analysis plans are needed. No personal tapering, withdrawal or replacement instructions are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Background inhaled care, clinical review, arm-specific changes and the effect of interest must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Background inhaled care, clinical review, arm-specific changes and the effect of interest with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N07 · What do several weeks to 6 months and individual test times mean?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The parent range spans several weeks to 6 months across trials. Bowler's 3 months and Cowie's 6-month assessment are distinguished; measurement windows for other reports are not filled in by assumption.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Report-specific exposure, visit and test schedules, persistence after completion and measure-specific denominators are needed. The same period is not copied to every test or harms follow-up.
- Required materials and conditions: Training, visits, testing, follow-up after completion and time-specific denominators
- Materials to obtain first: Report-specific exposure, visit and test schedules, persistence after completion and measure-specific denominators are needed. The same period is not copied to every test or harms follow-up.
- Further research: Material needed: Report-specific exposure, visit and test schedules, persistence after completion and measure-specific denominators are needed. The same period is not copied to every test or harms follow-up. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Training, visits, testing, follow-up after completion and time-specific denominators must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Training, visits, testing, follow-up after completion and time-specific denominators with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N08 · How was FEV1 measured and analyzed?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The stored Bowler, Cooper and Vagedes summaries record null FEV1 findings. These are distinguished from symptoms, control pause and FeNO.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Test procedures, calibration, medication conditions, aggregation, adjustment, arm- and time-specific denominators, and direct effects and CIs are needed. Values from other measures are not substituted.
- Required materials and conditions: FEV1 units, absolute values, predicted values, change and test denominators
- Materials to obtain first: Test procedures, calibration, medication conditions, aggregation, adjustment, arm- and time-specific denominators, and direct effects and CIs are needed. Values from other measures are not substituted.
- Further research: Material needed: Test procedures, calibration, medication conditions, aggregation, adjustment, arm- and time-specific denominators, and direct effects and CIs are needed. Values from other measures are not substituted. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for FEV1 units, absolute values, predicted values, change and test denominators must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links FEV1 units, absolute values, predicted values, change and test denominators with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R04

### N09 · Which report and finding concern PEF?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Bowler's original endpoints and results include PEF and describe a null finding. The same test is not assumed to have been performed in other reports.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original tables are needed for devices, recording methods, absolute values versus change, measurement windows, denominators and exact estimates, CIs and P values.
- Required materials and conditions: PEF devices, records, units, between-arm comparisons and denominators
- Materials to obtain first: Original tables are needed for devices, recording methods, absolute values versus change, measurement windows, denominators and exact estimates, CIs and P values.
- Further research: Material needed: Original tables are needed for devices, recording methods, absolute values versus change, measurement windows, denominators and exact estimates, CIs and P values. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for PEF devices, records, units, between-arm comparisons and denominators must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links PEF devices, records, units, between-arm comparisons and denominators with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01

### N10 · Which test records airway responsiveness?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original explanation and Cooper endpoints record null PD20 airway responsiveness. This differs from the symptom co-primary outcome.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Challenge-test definitions, units, transformations, testing conditions, estimates, CIs, denominators and the original endpoint hierarchy are needed. FEV1, PEF, control pause and FeNO are not substitutes.
- Required materials and conditions: Cooper's PD20 definition, units, testing, contrasts and denominators
- Materials to obtain first: Challenge-test definitions, units, transformations, testing conditions, estimates, CIs, denominators and the original endpoint hierarchy are needed. FEV1, PEF, control pause and FeNO are not substitutes.
- Further research: Material needed: Challenge-test definitions, units, transformations, testing conditions, estimates, CIs, denominators and the original endpoint hierarchy are needed. FEV1, PEF, control pause and FeNO are not substitutes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Cooper's PD20 definition, units, testing, contrasts and denominators must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Cooper's PD20 definition, units, testing, contrasts and denominators with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R02

### N11 · What are the lung-function findings in the 1998 report of 39 adults?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Bowler records null FEV1 and PEF. Beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, and ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09 are preserved as separate parent context.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original tables are needed for direct effects, CIs and P values for each lung-function measure, baseline, timing, valid denominators and primary versus supporting hierarchy. Medication figures are not reassigned as lung-function effects.
- Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing lung-function findings from medication and quality-of-life findings in the early controlled trial
- Materials to obtain first: Original tables are needed for direct effects, CIs and P values for each lung-function measure, baseline, timing, valid denominators and primary versus supporting hierarchy. Medication figures are not reassigned as lung-function effects.
- Further research: Material needed: Original tables are needed for direct effects, CIs and P values for each lung-function measure, baseline, timing, valid denominators and primary versus supporting hierarchy. Medication figures are not reassigned as lung-function effects. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing lung-function findings from medication and quality-of-life findings in the early controlled trial must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing lung-function findings from medication and quality-of-life findings in the early controlled trial with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01

### N12 · What analysis denominator does 39 represent?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original population is 39 adults with asthma. Valid denominators for individual FEV1 and PEF tests, medication outcomes and harms have not been separately verified.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Flow diagrams and denominator tables are needed for allocation and analysis by arm, test failures, exclusions and time-specific observation loss.
- Required materials and conditions: Overall population versus valid denominators by arm, test and time
- Materials to obtain first: Flow diagrams and denominator tables are needed for allocation and analysis by arm, test failures, exclusions and time-specific observation loss.
- Further research: Material needed: Flow diagrams and denominator tables are needed for allocation and analysis by arm, test failures, exclusions and time-specific observation loss. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Overall population versus valid denominators by arm, test and time must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Overall population versus valid denominators by arm, test and time with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01

### N13 · What are the objective findings in the 2003 report with 3 arms?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original explanation specifies null PD20 and FEV1. Symptom and bronchodilator signals are distinguished from null objective measures, exacerbations and ICS.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Arm matching, contrasts, models, direct CIs, P values, denominators and measurement times are needed for each lung-function measure. Symptom and rescue-use test values are not reassigned.
- Required materials and conditions: PD20 and FEV1 versus symptoms and rescue use across Buteyko, pranayama and placebo
- Materials to obtain first: Arm matching, contrasts, models, direct CIs, P values, denominators and measurement times are needed for each lung-function measure. Symptom and rescue-use test values are not reassigned.
- Further research: Material needed: Arm matching, contrasts, models, direct CIs, P values, denominators and measurement times are needed for each lung-function measure. Symptom and rescue-use test values are not reassigned. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for PD20 and FEV1 versus symptoms and rescue use across Buteyko, pranayama and placebo must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links PD20 and FEV1 versus symptoms and rescue use across Buteyko, pranayama and placebo with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R02

### N14 · What do 90 assigned, 69 completed and the original 23% mean?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original population retains 90 randomized and 69 completed, alongside the parent's 23% attrition wording. No new difference or attrition rate is calculated.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Materials are needed for arm-specific losses and reasons, valid test denominators among completers, missing-data adjustment and sensitivity analyses.
- Required materials and conditions: Assignment, completion, historical attrition wording and test-specific analysis denominators
- Materials to obtain first: Materials are needed for arm-specific losses and reasons, valid test denominators among completers, missing-data adjustment and sensitivity analyses.
- Further research: Material needed: Materials are needed for arm-specific losses and reasons, valid test denominators among completers, missing-data adjustment and sensitivity analyses. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Assignment, completion, historical attrition wording and test-specific analysis denominators must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Assignment, completion, historical attrition wording and test-specific analysis denominators with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R02

### N15 · How are symptom co-primary findings distinguished from null PD20?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The parent summary records symptom co-primary signals alongside null airway responsiveness. The parent's split co-primary flag does not certify prespecification of all selected tests.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original protocols, analysis plans and result tables are needed, including exact endpoints, testing hierarchy, multiplicity and change times.
- Required materials and conditions: Co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchy, multiplicity and change history
- Materials to obtain first: Original protocols, analysis plans and result tables are needed, including exact endpoints, testing hierarchy, multiplicity and change times.
- Further research: Material needed: Original protocols, analysis plans and result tables are needed, including exact endpoints, testing hierarchy, multiplicity and change times. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchy, multiplicity and change history must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Co-primary outcomes, prespecified hierarchy, multiplicity and change history with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R02

### N16 · Does the active-education comparison directly report the selected lung-function measures?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Cowie's stored endpoints and results concern primary asthma control at 6 months and secondary ICS reduction. They are not used as direct FEV1, PEF or PD20 values or denominators.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Full results, protocols and tables for the selected tests are needed. A measure absent from the stored summary is not declared absent from all external materials.
- Required materials and conditions: Links between asthma control, ICS and the selected test results
- Materials to obtain first: Full results, protocols and tables for the selected tests are needed. A measure absent from the stored summary is not declared absent from all external materials.
- Further research: Material needed: Full results, protocols and tables for the selected tests are needed. A measure absent from the stored summary is not declared absent from all external materials. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Links between asthma control, ICS and the selected test results must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Links between asthma control, ICS and the selected test results with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R03

### N17 · What do 129 assigned, 119 assessed and the medication denominators mean?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original 129 assigned and 119 assessed, control of 79% versus 72% P=.4, missing-as-failure results of 68% versus 70% P=.7, and ICS 23/56 versus 13/63 P=.02 are retained in their respective contexts.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Mappings between measures and populations, arm-specific losses, and denominators and estimates for selected lung-function outcomes are needed. Assignment-assessment differences or new effects are not calculated.
- Required materials and conditions: The distinct scopes of assignment, assessment, asthma control, ICS and sensitivity findings
- Materials to obtain first: Mappings between measures and populations, arm-specific losses, and denominators and estimates for selected lung-function outcomes are needed. Assignment-assessment differences or new effects are not calculated.
- Further research: Material needed: Mappings between measures and populations, arm-specific losses, and denominators and estimates for selected lung-function outcomes are needed. Assignment-assessment differences or new effects are not calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for The distinct scopes of assignment, assessment, asthma control, ICS and sensitivity findings must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links The distinct scopes of assignment, assessment, asthma control, ICS and sensitivity findings with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R03

### N18 · What does FEV1 show in the 2024 report of 60 adults?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Vagedes's original summary distinguishes null FEV1 and FeNO from primary and some secondary signals and registration after recruitment. FEV1 and FeNO are separate measures.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Exact test-specific effects, CIs, P values, denominators, timing, medication conditions and original plans are needed. Observation periods from other reports are not copied.
- Required materials and conditions: FEV1 versus other physiological and symptom outcomes against usual care
- Materials to obtain first: Exact test-specific effects, CIs, P values, denominators, timing, medication conditions and original plans are needed. Observation periods from other reports are not copied.
- Further research: Material needed: Exact test-specific effects, CIs, P values, denominators, timing, medication conditions and original plans are needed. Observation periods from other reports are not copied. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for FEV1 versus other physiological and symptom outcomes against usual care must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links FEV1 versus other physiological and symptom outcomes against usual care with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R04

### N19 · Are control pause, ACQ and FeNO the same measures?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original primary voluntary control pause and secondary ACQ and medication outcomes, FEV1 and FeNO are different endpoints. They are not treated as the same scale across all selected tests.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Full materials are needed for definitions, hierarchy and timing of each endpoint and for whether selected PEF and PD20 measurements and results exist.
- Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing control pause, ACQ and FeNO from FEV1, PEF and PD20
- Materials to obtain first: Full materials are needed for definitions, hierarchy and timing of each endpoint and for whether selected PEF and PD20 measurements and results exist.
- Further research: Material needed: Full materials are needed for definitions, hierarchy and timing of each endpoint and for whether selected PEF and PD20 measurements and results exist. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing control pause, ACQ and FeNO from FEV1, PEF and PD20 must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing control pause, ACQ and FeNO from FEV1, PEF and PD20 with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R04

### N20 · What do 60 adults and post-recruitment registration establish?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original population is 60 adults and the account describes registration after recruitment. Preserving the NCT03098849 identifier is distinguished from verifying registration content.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Arm-specific allocation and analysis, valid test denominators, registration change history, protocols, analysis plans and mappings to measurements are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Overall population, arm-specific test denominators and registration and planning times
- Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific allocation and analysis, valid test denominators, registration change history, protocols, analysis plans and mappings to measurements are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific allocation and analysis, valid test denominators, registration change history, protocols, analysis plans and mappings to measurements are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Overall population, arm-specific test denominators and registration and planning times must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Overall population, arm-specific test denominators and registration and planning times with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R04

### N21 · Have device, testing-condition and medication-effect differences been verified?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The stored material records null test findings without supplying detailed testing procedures.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Materials are needed for calibration, valid-test criteria, repetition, aggregation, timing, assessors, recording differences and exclusions. Objective measurement alone does not establish absence of measurement bias.
- Required materials and conditions: Devices, aggregation, medication effects and assessor masking for FEV1, PEF and PD20
- Materials to obtain first: Materials are needed for calibration, valid-test criteria, repetition, aggregation, timing, assessors, recording differences and exclusions. Objective measurement alone does not establish absence of measurement bias.
- Further research: Material needed: Materials are needed for calibration, valid-test criteria, repetition, aggregation, timing, assessors, recording differences and exclusions. Objective measurement alone does not establish absence of measurement bias. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Devices, aggregation, medication effects and assessor masking for FEV1, PEF and PD20 must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Devices, aggregation, medication effects and assessor masking for FEV1, PEF and PD20 with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R04

### N22 · Which estimates are within-arm, between-arm or adjusted?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The selected explanation of repeated null findings in direct trials is retained. Symptom or medication signals are not converted into objective between-arm effects.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Analysis populations, adjustment, transformations, contrasts, raw values, models, intervals and analysis plans are needed for each test. Within-arm change is not made into a direct between-arm effect.
- Required materials and conditions: Effect of interest, analysis populations, repeated measurements, models and direct contrasts
- Materials to obtain first: Analysis populations, adjustment, transformations, contrasts, raw values, models, intervals and analysis plans are needed for each test. Within-arm change is not made into a direct between-arm effect.
- Further research: Material needed: Analysis populations, adjustment, transformations, contrasts, raw values, models, intervals and analysis plans are needed for each test. Within-arm change is not made into a direct between-arm effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Effect of interest, analysis populations, repeated measurements, models and direct contrasts must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Effect of interest, analysis populations, repeated measurements, models and direct contrasts with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R04

### N23 · How were missing tests and follow-up handled?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Assigned and completed populations, the parent's 23% attrition and Cowie's missing-as-failure sensitivity are preserved only in their relevant contexts.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Valid denominators, arm-specific missingness, exclusion reasons, adjustment and sensitivity are needed for each selected test. Sensitivity analyses of other outcomes are not reassigned as lung-function missing-data handling.
- Required materials and conditions: Losses, exclusions, adjustment and sensitivity by arm, test and time
- Materials to obtain first: Valid denominators, arm-specific missingness, exclusion reasons, adjustment and sensitivity are needed for each selected test. Sensitivity analyses of other outcomes are not reassigned as lung-function missing-data handling.
- Further research: Material needed: Valid denominators, arm-specific missingness, exclusion reasons, adjustment and sensitivity are needed for each selected test. Sensitivity analyses of other outcomes are not reassigned as lung-function missing-data handling. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Losses, exclusions, adjustment and sensitivity by arm, test and time must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Losses, exclusions, adjustment and sensitivity by arm, test and time with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N24 · Do null findings establish an effect of 0 or equivalence?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Original D and its explanation record that direct trials did not show improvement. Absolute absence of effect or equivalence is not newly established without exact effects and CIs.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Contrasts, estimates, CIs, P values, variation, valid denominators and original footnotes are needed for FEV1, PEF and PD20 separately. No new effect or grade is calculated.
- Required materials and conditions: Direct estimates, CIs, variation, denominators and clinical importance for each test
- Materials to obtain first: Contrasts, estimates, CIs, P values, variation, valid denominators and original footnotes are needed for FEV1, PEF and PD20 separately. No new effect or grade is calculated.
- Further research: Material needed: Contrasts, estimates, CIs, P values, variation, valid denominators and original footnotes are needed for FEV1, PEF and PD20 separately. No new effect or grade is calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Direct estimates, CIs, variation, denominators and clinical importance for each test must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Direct estimates, CIs, variation, denominators and clinical importance for each test with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R04

### N25 · Are lung function, symptoms and exacerbations the same outcomes?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original summary distinguishes symptoms and rescue use from airway obstruction, airway responsiveness and exacerbations as different questions.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Measure-specific clinical thresholds, patient importance, links to events, exact effects and intervals are needed. Measurement findings are not extended into personal treatment effects.
- Required materials and conditions: Physiological measures, symptoms, medication, exacerbations and clinical importance
- Materials to obtain first: Measure-specific clinical thresholds, patient importance, links to events, exact effects and intervals are needed. Measurement findings are not extended into personal treatment effects.
- Further research: Material needed: Measure-specific clinical thresholds, patient importance, links to events, exact effects and intervals are needed. Measurement findings are not extended into personal treatment effects. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Physiological measures, symptoms, medication, exacerbations and clinical importance must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Physiological measures, symptoms, medication, exacerbations and clinical importance with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N26 · Are parent signals and selected null findings retained together?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Report-specific symptom and medication signals, null FEV1, PEF and PD20, and null control against active education are preserved together.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Full inclusion and result lists, estimates and CIs for each selection, and original plans for evaluating omissions and selective reporting are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Positive findings, no differences, full results and endpoint lists
- Materials to obtain first: Full inclusion and result lists, estimates and CIs for each selection, and original plans for evaluating omissions and selective reporting are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Full inclusion and result lists, estimates and CIs for each selection, and original plans for evaluating omissions and selective reporting are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Positive findings, no differences, full results and endpoint lists must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Positive findings, no differences, full results and endpoint lists with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N27 · How do populations, comparators, periods and teaching differ?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Small trials from different periods, with different comparators and observation times, are not pooled as the same effect. General breathing training, pranayama and Buteyko are distinguished.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Condition-specific direct results, heterogeneity, prespecified subgroups and full eligibility, program and comparator specifications are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Baseline disease, background care, exposure, measurement and direct comparisons
- Materials to obtain first: Condition-specific direct results, heterogeneity, prespecified subgroups and full eligibility, program and comparator specifications are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Condition-specific direct results, heterogeneity, prespecified subgroups and full eligibility, program and comparator specifications are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Baseline disease, background care, exposure, measurement and direct comparisons must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Baseline disease, background care, exposure, measurement and direct comparisons with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N28 · Do several weeks to 6 months answer long-term or other-population questions?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original material concerns adjunctive training in adult asthma over limited periods. Selected lung-function effects over the long term or in other populations are not newly established.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Follow-up after completion and over the long term, other populations, and prespecified medication- or exposure-related differences, interactions and direct intervals are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Follow-up after completion, baseline status, exposure and prespecified subgroups
- Materials to obtain first: Follow-up after completion and over the long term, other populations, and prespecified medication- or exposure-related differences, interactions and direct intervals are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Follow-up after completion and over the long term, other populations, and prespecified medication- or exposure-related differences, interactions and direct intervals are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Follow-up after completion, baseline status, exposure and prespecified subgroups must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Follow-up after completion, baseline status, exposure and prespecified subgroups with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N29 · Are 4 reports counted as new independent trials or populations?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The 4 reports in the original evidence and bibliography are shared by the parent and its subclaims. Parent replication and independence flags are not new verification of independence.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Links between recruitment, registration, related reports, populations and each test are needed. Reports, measures and subclaims are not double-counted, and unique trials or participant totals are not newly certified.
- Required materials and conditions: Reports, registration and cohorts shared with the parent and other subclaims
- Materials to obtain first: Links between recruitment, registration, related reports, populations and each test are needed. Reports, measures and subclaims are not double-counted, and unique trials or participant totals are not newly certified.
- Further research: Material needed: Links between recruitment, registration, related reports, populations and each test are needed. Reports, measures and subclaims are not double-counted, and unique trials or participant totals are not newly certified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Reports, registration and cohorts shared with the parent and other subclaims must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Reports, registration and cohorts shared with the parent and other subclaims with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N30 · Does original registration wording establish new content verification?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Bowler and Cooper's preregistry-era wording, Cowie's unverified registration and Vagedes's NCT03098849 are preserved as original records.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Actual registration, protocol and analysis-plan content and histories are needed. Identifiers and historical statements of absence are not labeled as new reading or verification of prespecification.
- Required materials and conditions: Historical registration wording, original identifiers, content and change times
- Materials to obtain first: Actual registration, protocol and analysis-plan content and histories are needed. Identifiers and historical statements of absence are not labeled as new reading or verification of prespecification.
- Further research: Material needed: Actual registration, protocol and analysis-plan content and histories are needed. Identifiers and historical statements of absence are not labeled as new reading or verification of prespecification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Historical registration wording, original identifiers, content and change times must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Historical registration wording, original identifiers, content and change times with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N31 · How much is known about funding and interests?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Bowler and Cooper's unverified details, Cowie's anonymous donation and unverified independence, and Vagedes's public or institutional support and historical COI-check wording are preserved.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Contracts, product, teaching, analysis and publication involvement, and original funding and COI disclosures are needed. Historical-check wording is not converted into current verification or certification of independently funded replication.
- Required materials and conditions: Specific funding, anonymous donations, institutional support, roles and historical checks
- Materials to obtain first: Contracts, product, teaching, analysis and publication involvement, and original funding and COI disclosures are needed. Historical-check wording is not converted into current verification or certification of independently funded replication.
- Further research: Material needed: Contracts, product, teaching, analysis and publication involvement, and original funding and COI disclosures are needed. Historical-check wording is not converted into current verification or certification of independently funded replication. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Specific funding, anonymous donations, institutional support, roles and historical checks must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Specific funding, anonymous donations, institutional support, roles and historical checks with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N32 · What was read in this work, and what materials are needed?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The stored parent-review summary and selected lung-function question were used for production. External abstracts, full texts and registration were unread, with no access attempted.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Acquisition and reading of external originals, full results for each test, measurement procedures and analysis plans are needed. A link does not establish that material was read.
- Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing stored summaries from external abstracts, full texts and registration
- Materials to obtain first: Acquisition and reading of external originals, full results for each test, measurement procedures and analysis plans are needed. A link does not establish that material was read.
- Further research: Material needed: Acquisition and reading of external originals, full results for each test, measurement procedures and analysis plans are needed. A link does not establish that material was read. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing stored summaries from external abstracts, full texts and registration must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing stored summaries from external abstracts, full texts and registration with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N33 · What do 2026-09-07 and historical checks mean?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original evidence date is 2026-09-07 and the correction list is empty. Historical cross-check and COI-check wording is not a record of new external reading.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original search scope, actual historical access locations and times, and authorized correction materials are needed. Original dates are not changed into new search or completed-content-review dates.
- Required materials and conditions: Original evidence date, correction history, historical access and production date
- Materials to obtain first: Original search scope, actual historical access locations and times, and authorized correction materials are needed. Original dates are not changed into new search or completed-content-review dates.
- Further research: Material needed: Original search scope, actual historical access locations and times, and authorized correction materials are needed. Original dates are not changed into new search or completed-content-review dates. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original evidence date, correction history, historical access and production date must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Original evidence date, correction history, historical access and production date with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N34 · How are selected Korean and English wording and the parent explanation retained?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The selection is improvement in FEV1, PEF or airway responsiveness, with an original explanation of repeated null direct-trial findings. Its applicability is distinguished from the parent's symptom and rescue-use account.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original wording, translations and authorized correction records are needed. Translation does not assign a new status, score or positive efficacy conclusion.
- Required materials and conditions: Selected claim, D and explanation versus both language versions of the parent account
- Materials to obtain first: Original wording, translations and authorized correction records are needed. Translation does not assign a new status, score or positive efficacy conclusion.
- Further research: Material needed: Original wording, translations and authorized correction records are needed. Translation does not assign a new status, score or positive efficacy conclusion. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Selected claim, D and explanation versus both language versions of the parent account must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Selected claim, D and explanation versus both language versions of the parent account with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N35 · Do parent axes and primary-secondary flags certify the selection?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Parent split co-primary and failed-primary-positive-secondary flags, the absence of a no-human-study flag and empty reasons are preserved in the original. No new axes, score or status are created for selected D.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original fields and question-specific applicability records are needed. The parent's positive-effect axis is not inherited as objective lung-function improvement or new certification of prespecification or independence.
- Required materials and conditions: Original axes, booleans, empty values and applicability to the selected question
- Materials to obtain first: Original fields and question-specific applicability records are needed. The parent's positive-effect axis is not inherited as objective lung-function improvement or new certification of prespecification or independence.
- Further research: Material needed: Original fields and question-specific applicability records are needed. The parent's positive-effect axis is not inherited as objective lung-function improvement or new certification of prespecification or independence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original axes, booleans, empty values and applicability to the selected question must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Original axes, booleans, empty values and applicability to the selected question with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N36 · How were harms of adjunctive training collected?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original safety account retains limits on replacing inhaled care or acute-attack management. Stored summaries alone do not establish arm-specific adverse-event tables or collection methods.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Materials are needed for event types, event and participant counts, diagnosis, active or spontaneous collection, arm-specific exposure and missingness.
- Required materials and conditions: Event definitions, severity, collection methods and arm-specific exposure
- Materials to obtain first: Materials are needed for event types, event and participant counts, diagnosis, active or spontaneous collection, arm-specific exposure and missingness.
- Further research: Material needed: Materials are needed for event types, event and participant counts, diagnosis, active or spontaneous collection, arm-specific exposure and missingness. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Event definitions, severity, collection methods and arm-specific exposure must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Event definitions, severity, collection methods and arm-specific exposure with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N37 · Are exposure, event, discontinuation and recovery times known?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Effect observation over several weeks to 6 months is not converted into a timeline of harm onset or recovery.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Existing records are needed for actual arm-specific exposure, onset, recovery, discontinuation, re-exposure and harms follow-up periods.
- Required materials and conditions: Timelines of exposure, observation, onset, recovery, discontinuation and re-exposure
- Materials to obtain first: Existing records are needed for actual arm-specific exposure, onset, recovery, discontinuation, re-exposure and harms follow-up periods.
- Further research: Material needed: Existing records are needed for actual arm-specific exposure, onset, recovery, discontinuation, re-exposure and harms follow-up periods. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Timelines of exposure, observation, onset, recovery, discontinuation and re-exposure must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Timelines of exposure, observation, onset, recovery, discontinuation and re-exposure with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N38 · Can harm frequency or comparative risk be stated?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Overall assigned and completed populations, ICS denominators and null objective findings do not establish harms denominators or absence of events. General caution wording is not used to calculate incidence.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Arm-specific exposure, events, duplicates, observation times, denominators, direct comparisons, CIs and collection methods are needed.
- Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific events, participants, denominators, observation time and direct comparisons
- Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific exposure, events, duplicates, observation times, denominators, direct comparisons, CIs and collection methods are needed.
- Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific exposure, events, duplicates, observation times, denominators, direct comparisons, CIs and collection methods are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Arm-specific events, participants, denominators, observation time and direct comparisons must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Arm-specific events, participants, denominators, observation time and direct comparisons with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N39 · How are baseline asthma, medication changes and events distinguished?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The original study and safety accounts concern adjunctive standard care and medication changes under clinical review. No new tapering or replacement guidance is written.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Materials are needed for baseline and arm-specific medication, actual changes, exacerbations, concurrent exposures, alternative causes and adjustment.
- Required materials and conditions: Baseline status, concurrent care, actual changes and alternative causes
- Materials to obtain first: Materials are needed for baseline and arm-specific medication, actual changes, exacerbations, concurrent exposures, alternative causes and adjustment.
- Further research: Material needed: Materials are needed for baseline and arm-specific medication, actual changes, exacerbations, concurrent exposures, alternative causes and adjustment. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Baseline status, concurrent care, actual changes and alternative causes must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Baseline status, concurrent care, actual changes and alternative causes with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N40 · Are missing harms or repeated citations counted as independent events?

Verification status: Unverified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Korean and English wording and reports shared by parent and subclaims are not new independent events. Completion and follow-up counts alone do not establish complete harms reporting.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original materials are needed for harms collection, selection, detection differences, unique events, study relationships and the scope of all reports.
- Required materials and conditions: Collection, detection, follow-up losses, related reports and unique events
- Materials to obtain first: Original materials are needed for harms collection, selection, detection differences, unique events, study relationships and the scope of all reports.
- Further research: Material needed: Original materials are needed for harms collection, selection, detection differences, unique events, study relationships and the scope of all reports. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Collection, detection, follow-up losses, related reports and unique events must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Collection, detection, follow-up losses, related reports and unique events with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N41 · Can safety be extended to the long term or other populations?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Limited adjunctive-training material in adult asthma is not extended into guaranteed safety across all populations or over the long term.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Direct event and follow-up materials are needed for long-term and rare harms and for other populations, medications and exposures.
- Required materials and conditions: Long-term and rare events, baseline populations, concurrent care and exposure
- Materials to obtain first: Direct event and follow-up materials are needed for long-term and rare harms and for other populations, medications and exposures.
- Further research: Material needed: Direct event and follow-up materials are needed for long-term and rare harms and for other populations, medications and exposures. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Long-term and rare events, baseline populations, concurrent care and exposure must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Long-term and rare events, baseline populations, concurrent care and exposure with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N42 · How far do selected null findings and parent signals support conclusions?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Original D and its explanation retain failure to show improvement in the selected measures. Symptom or medication signals are not promoted into airway improvement, exacerbation prevention or inhaled-care replacement.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Direct effects, CIs, denominators, prespecified plans and long-term, harms and causal materials are needed for each test. Null findings and uncertainty are distinguished.
- Required materials and conditions: Boundaries between objective measures, symptoms, rescue use, exacerbations and precision
- Materials to obtain first: Direct effects, CIs, denominators, prespecified plans and long-term, harms and causal materials are needed for each test. Null findings and uncertainty are distinguished.
- Further research: Material needed: Direct effects, CIs, denominators, prespecified plans and long-term, harms and causal materials are needed for each test. Null findings and uncertainty are distinguished. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Boundaries between objective measures, symptoms, rescue use, exacerbations and precision must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Boundaries between objective measures, symptoms, rescue use, exacerbations and precision with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N43 · Do preserved methods and criteria links establish completed review?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: The 5 methodological materials and existing criteria and contract are preserved production materials. Linking or authoring them is not labeled as completed new clinical or methodological content review.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Individual content review and authorized existing materials are needed. Creation, freezing and application of conditions are distinguished from content review.
- Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing existing methodological materials and application conditions from content review
- Materials to obtain first: Individual content review and authorized existing materials are needed. Creation, freezing and application of conditions are distinguished from content review.
- Further research: Material needed: Individual content review and authorized existing materials are needed. Creation, freezing and application of conditions are distinguished from content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing existing methodological materials and application conditions from content review must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Distinguishing existing methodological materials and application conditions from content review with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

### N44 · What materials would allow lung-function gaps to be updated?

Verification status: Partly verified  
Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, analysis plans, test procedures, harms and support materials unread

- Current findings: Currently stored null findings, gaps and parent context are distinguished. Recording needed materials does not establish new clinical verification or completed review.
- Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review.
- Reason for missing information: Original materials are needed for effects, CIs, testing procedures, denominators, missingness, prespecified hierarchy, registration, shared studies, exposure and harms. Originals are preserved before change, distinguishing revised conditions from added evidence.
- Required materials and conditions: Tests, contrasts, denominators, CIs, original plans, timing and study relationships
- Materials to obtain first: Original materials are needed for effects, CIs, testing procedures, denominators, missingness, prespecified hierarchy, registration, shared studies, exposure and harms. Originals are preserved before change, distinguishing revised conditions from added evidence.
- Further research: Material needed: Original materials are needed for effects, CIs, testing procedures, denominators, missingness, prespecified hierarchy, registration, shared studies, exposure and harms. Originals are preserved before change, distinguishing revised conditions from added evidence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed.
- Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Tests, contrasts, denominators, CIs, original plans, timing and study relationships must be linked to each test, between-arm contrast, denominator and time, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and the parent symptom and medication findings.
- Why this condition is needed: This condition links Tests, contrasts, denominators, CIs, original plans, timing and study relationships with tests, units, populations, interventions, comparators, denominators, timing, analyses, precision, support and harms for the selected lung-function question.
- Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent individual score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or positive-effect axes. FEV1, PEF and PD20, other physiological, symptom and medication outcomes, comparisons, denominators and times are distinguished. Unread originals and registration or historical funding and COI checks are not promoted into current verification; no new effects, CIs, independent totals or breathing, medication or treatment instructions are created.
- Remaining uncertainty: External originals are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original selected D and report-specific null findings are retained alongside gaps in exact testing, contrasts, denominators, effects, CIs, prespecified hierarchy, exposure, harms and independence. Historical checks, registration identifiers and blinding labels do not establish current reading of originals or clinical certification.
- Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced.
- Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04

## Evidence and sources

### R01

Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA. Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 1998;169:575-578. PMID: 9887897. DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x.

[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9887897/)

Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread  
Findings recorded in the summary: Median beta2-agonist reduction 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002; FEV1 and PEF null; ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09  
Record level: This is the 3-month context in 39 adults with asthma in 1998. Null FEV1 and PEF are distinguished from beta2-agonist reductions of 904 versus 57 mcg, P=.002, and ICS P=.06 and QOL P=.09. Medication and quality-of-life figures are not lung-function effects, units or denominators; exact lung-function estimates and CIs are unverified.  
Independent replication: The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific links and the overall shared group are distinguished; original repeated null findings and parent replication or independence wording are not converted into new certification of independence. Exact registration, recruitment, cohort and test links are unverified, and unique trial and participant totals remain empty.

| Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Analysis plans, test procedures and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Exposure, concurrent care and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 9887897 and DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123422.x. Registration-field wording about the preregistry era is a historical record, not new registry lookup or verification of absent materials. Specific funding, COI, roles and independence are unverified, and originals were not newly read. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |

### R02

Cooper S, Oborne J, Newton S, et al. Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2003;58:674-679. PMID: 12885982. PMCID: PMC1746772. DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674.

[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12885982/)

Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread  
Findings recorded in the summary: Median symptom change -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003; bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005; objective outcomes, exacerbations, and ICS null  
Record level: The 2003 trial retains 3 arms and original wording of 90 assigned, 69 completed and 23% attrition. Null PD20 and FEV1 are distinguished from symptoms of -3 versus -1 versus 0, P=.003, and bronchodilator -2 puffs/day, P=.005. Exact arm- and test-specific contrasts, CIs, denominators and co-primary hierarchy are unverified because external materials are unread.  
Independent replication: The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific links and the overall shared group are distinguished; original repeated null findings and parent replication or independence wording are not converted into new certification of independence. Exact registration, recruitment, cohort and test links are unverified, and unique trial and participant totals remain empty.

| Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Analysis plans, test procedures and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Exposure, concurrent care and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 12885982, PMCID PMC1746772 and DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.674. A PMCID does not establish full-text reading. Preregistry-era wording, completer analysis, lack of masking and split co-primary findings are distinguished; specific funding, COI and direct CIs are unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |

### R03

Cowie RL, Conley DP, Underwood MF, Reader PG. A randomised controlled trial of the Buteyko technique as an adjunct to conventional management of asthma. Respir Med. 2008;102:726-732. PMID: 18249107. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012.

[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18249107/)

Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread  
Findings recorded in the summary: Control 79% versus 72%, P=.4; missing-as-failure 68% versus 70%, P=.7; ICS reduction 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02  
Record level: The 2008 active-breathing-education comparison retains 129 assigned and 119 assessed at 6 months. Control of 79% versus 72%, P=.4, missing-as-failure findings of 68% versus 70%, P=.7, and ICS 23/56 versus 13/63, P=.02, are kept within their respective outcomes. Direct selected FEV1, PEF and PD20 values are absent from the stored summary; this does not establish absence of measurement or findings from all external materials.  
Independent replication: The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific links and the overall shared group are distinguished; original repeated null findings and parent replication or independence wording are not converted into new certification of independence. Exact registration, recruitment, cohort and test links are unverified, and unique trial and participant totals remain empty.

| Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Asthma-control and ICS findings and denominators are not reassigned to selected lung-function measures; the existence of tests and findings in full external materials is unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Asthma-control and ICS findings and denominators are not reassigned to selected lung-function measures; the existence of tests and findings in full external materials is unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Asthma-control and ICS findings and denominators are not reassigned to selected lung-function measures; the existence of tests and findings in full external materials is unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Asthma-control and ICS findings and denominators are not reassigned to selected lung-function measures; the existence of tests and findings in full external materials is unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Asthma-control and ICS findings and denominators are not reassigned to selected lung-function measures; the existence of tests and findings in full external materials is unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Analysis plans, test procedures and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Asthma-control and ICS findings and denominators are not reassigned to selected lung-function measures; the existence of tests and findings in full external materials is unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Exposure, concurrent care and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Asthma-control and ICS findings and denominators are not reassigned to selected lung-function measures; the existence of tests and findings in full external materials is unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 18249107, DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.12.012 and unverified registration. An anonymous donor does not verify independence. Asthma-control and ICS findings and denominators are not reassigned to selected lung-function measures; the existence of tests and findings in full external materials is unverified. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |

### R04

Vagedes K, et al. Buteyko breathing technique for asthma: an effective intervention. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29:42. PMID: 38212823. PMCID: PMC10782792. DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1. NCT03098849.

[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38212823/)

Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread  
Findings recorded in the summary: 1st and some 2nd outcome signals; FEV1 and FeNO null, registered after recruitment began  
Record level: The 2024 trial in 60 adults distinguishes null FEV1 and FeNO from the 1st outcome voluntary control pause and some 2nd-outcome ACQ and medication signals. NCT03098849 registration after recruitment is original historical wording. Exact selected-test effects, CIs, denominators and timing, and the existence of PEF and PD20 measurements and results, are unverified.  
Independent replication: The stored reports are shared with the parent and other subclaims. Report-specific links and the overall shared group are distinguished; original repeated null findings and parent replication or independence wording are not converted into new certification of independence. Exact registration, recruitment, cohort and test links are unverified, and unique trial and participant totals remain empty.

| Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Analysis plans, test procedures and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Exposure, concurrent care and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |
| Funding and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 38212823, PMCID PMC10782792, DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1 and NCT03098849. Original post-recruitment registration, public or institutional support and historical full-text COI checks are retained without marking new prespecified-plan, registration, full-text or COI verification complete. The material date belongs to the original evidence and is not a new external-reading or completed-review date. |

## Review criteria and methods

These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score.

- M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.
- M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.
- M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.
- M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.
- M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed.

## What the statuses mean

- Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete.
- Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety.
- Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete.
- Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work.
- Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported.
- Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned.
- Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope.
- Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work.
- Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade.

## Change history

2026-10-19 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 44 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.