# Stand-Alone Single-Leg Standing × Overall Hip BMD — Null Overall; Signal in a Small Age Subgroup · Evidence and Gaps Sheet Verdict 3006 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-19 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The selected BMD trial is a separate randomized trial in postmenopausal women, retaining 94 assigned and 49 versus 45. Diagnosis, baseline BMD, bone disease, age composition, concurrent treatment and outcome-specific analysis denominators are unverified. The key falls trial's mean age of 81.6, 553 assigned and 527 analyzed, or the later population aged at least 75 with 865 analyzed, are not transferred into this BMD population. - Ingredient, formulation and route: The selection concerns increased overall hip BMD with stand-alone single-leg standing. The parent's eyes-open stand-alone program and no-exercise or usual-care narratives are retained. Sakai's exact practice conditions, permission for support, supervision, control, concurrent bone treatment, supplementation and actual participation are separately unverified. Effects of multicomponent balance-and-strength programs do not fill these gaps, and no new individual exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are provided. - Dose: Standing for 1 minute per leg, 3 times daily, describes research-program conditions preserved in the parent account. Sakai's actual participation, adherence, supervision, exposure and links to BMD analyses are unverified. Representative conditions are not converted into identical exposure across all reports, optimal exercise amounts, personal practice instructions or safe practice methods. - Comparator: The parent research narrative records a no-exercise control, while a separate classification records usual care. Both descriptions are retained without newly certifying Sakai's exact control conditions as identical. Details of bone treatment, medications, supplementation, concurrent exercise, contact, support, supervision and arm-specific observation are unverified. - Measured outcome: The selection is increased overall hip BMD, retaining original subclaim D, its explanation and absent separate score, status and axes. Null overall findings are distinguished from site-specific signals in a small subgroup aged at least 70. Exact measurement sites, whether ROIs are total hip or other regions, arm values, changes, denominators, effects, CIs and P values are unverified. BMD is not converted into fracture prevention, a precise absence of effect or equivalence. - Duration: Sakai's preserved outcome is hip BMD at 6 months. Post-discontinuation persistence, long-term BMD, benefits at other anatomical sites or for fracture risk, and subgroup-specific measurement times are unverified. The key falls trial's 6 months are not copied as identical follow-up for later trials or every outcome. - Questions outside this scope: Small age-subgroup and site-specific signals are not extended into increased overall BMD in all postmenopausal women or all older adults.; Overall findings are not automatically interpreted as the exact anatomical total-hip measurement site or strengthening of all bones.; Null overall findings are not converted into a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site; no new changes, effects or intervals are calculated.; Falls, fracture results and female-faller subgroups are not reassigned as BMD values, denominators or age subgroups.; Original independent-trial narratives, reports and errata are not counted as current independence certification, new trials, participants or verified corrected BMD values.; Unread registration, plans or errata, and unrecorded dates or unique counts, are not converted into completed verification, absent materials or default values.; Research programs, permission for support and null overall findings are not turned into personal exercise, fracture-prevention, treatment-change or long-term safety instructions. ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which existing BMD question and verdict are being transferred? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The selection is increased overall hip BMD, with original subclaim grade D. The original explanation describes an independent trial as null overall, with positive findings only in a small age subgroup. This differs from falls and fractures; the independence narrative is not converted into new certification. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original measurement sites, analysis populations, arm values and changes, denominators, effects, CIs and plans are needed. An existing subclaim is transferred without creating new claims, grades or independence certification. - Required materials and conditions: Original claim, grade and explanation for increased overall hip BMD - Materials to obtain first: Original measurement sites, analysis populations, arm values and changes, denominators, effects, CIs and plans are needed. An existing subclaim is transferred without creating new claims, grades or independence certification. - Further research: Material needed: Original measurement sites, analysis populations, arm values and changes, denominators, effects, CIs and plans are needed. An existing subclaim is transferred without creating new claims, grades or independence certification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original claim, grade and explanation for increased overall hip BMD must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original claim, grade and explanation for increased overall hip BMD with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N02 · Who participated in the direct BMD trial, and how many? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Sakai is preserved as a randomized trial in postmenopausal women, with 94 randomized and 49 versus 45. Its populations and denominators differ from the key falls trial's mean age of 81.6, 553 assigned and 527 analyzed. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Diagnosis, baseline BMD, bone disease, age, medications, eligibility and exclusions, and arm-specific allocation, analysis and missingness are needed. The total of 94 is not used as a completion denominator for every BMD outcome. - Required materials and conditions: Sakai 2010; 94 postmenopausal women; 49 versus 45 - Materials to obtain first: Diagnosis, baseline BMD, bone disease, age, medications, eligibility and exclusions, and arm-specific allocation, analysis and missingness are needed. The total of 94 is not used as a completion denominator for every BMD outcome. - Further research: Material needed: Diagnosis, baseline BMD, bone disease, age, medications, eligibility and exclusions, and arm-specific allocation, analysis and missingness are needed. The total of 94 is not used as a completion denominator for every BMD outcome. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Sakai 2010; 94 postmenopausal women; 49 versus 45 must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Sakai 2010; 94 postmenopausal women; 49 versus 45 with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R04 ### N03 · What are the arm values, direct effects and CIs behind null overall BMD? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The stored summary records null overall hip BMD at 6 months. Exact arm-specific baseline and follow-up values, changes, units, effects, CIs and P values are absent from the summary. Falls counts from other trials or subgroup values do not fill these gaps. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original BMD result tables, units, comparators and analyses, arm denominators, direct effects, CIs and P values are needed. No new changes, proportions or intervals are calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Gaps in 6-month overall findings and direct between-group estimates - Materials to obtain first: Original BMD result tables, units, comparators and analyses, arm denominators, direct effects, CIs and P values are needed. No new changes, proportions or intervals are calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original BMD result tables, units, comparators and analyses, arm denominators, direct effects, CIs and P values are needed. No new changes, proportions or intervals are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Gaps in 6-month overall findings and direct between-group estimates must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Gaps in 6-month overall findings and direct between-group estimates with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N04 · Are overall findings distinguished from exact hip measurement sites? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original summary records null overall hip BMD and site-specific subgroup signals. Whether the measurement sites or ROIs are total hip or other regions cannot be established from the summary alone. Overall findings are not equated with a specific site name or strengthening of all bones. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original measurement sites, ROIs, equipment, analysis populations, site-specific findings, denominators and CIs are needed. Site names or numbers absent from the summary are not invented. - Required materials and conditions: Overall findings and anatomical hip BMD sites, ROIs and equipment - Materials to obtain first: Original measurement sites, ROIs, equipment, analysis populations, site-specific findings, denominators and CIs are needed. Site names or numbers absent from the summary are not invented. - Further research: Material needed: Original measurement sites, ROIs, equipment, analysis populations, site-specific findings, denominators and CIs are needed. Site names or numbers absent from the summary are not invented. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Overall findings and anatomical hip BMD sites, ROIs and equipment must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Overall findings and anatomical hip BMD sites, ROIs and equipment with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N05 · Is the small subgroup signal in people aged at least 70 extended to the whole population? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original findings are null overall hip BMD and site-specific signals in a small subgroup aged at least 70. They are not extended to increased BMD in all postmenopausal women or all older adults. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Age-subgroup denominators, sites, timing, original values, CIs, prespecification, interactions and multiple-comparison methods are needed. Subgroup populations or effects are not invented. - Required materials and conditions: Site-specific age-subgroup signals and null overall findings - Materials to obtain first: Age-subgroup denominators, sites, timing, original values, CIs, prespecification, interactions and multiple-comparison methods are needed. Subgroup populations or effects are not invented. - Further research: Material needed: Age-subgroup denominators, sites, timing, original values, CIs, prespecification, interactions and multiple-comparison methods are needed. Subgroup populations or effects are not invented. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Site-specific age-subgroup signals and null overall findings must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Site-specific age-subgroup signals and null overall findings with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N06 · Were positive subgroup and site findings prespecified confirmation? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original summary records positive findings in a small subgroup but does not provide prespecification of subgroups or sites, hierarchies or numbers of tests. Subgroup signals after null overall findings are not promoted into success on prespecified primary outcomes. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Registration, protocols, analysis plans, prespecified subgroups, sites, timing, success rules, interactions and complete result tables are needed. Prespecification or official-tool review was not verified in this work. - Required materials and conditions: Prespecified age boundaries, site and time hierarchies, and multiple selection - Materials to obtain first: Registration, protocols, analysis plans, prespecified subgroups, sites, timing, success rules, interactions and complete result tables are needed. Prespecification or official-tool review was not verified in this work. - Further research: Material needed: Registration, protocols, analysis plans, prespecified subgroups, sites, timing, success rules, interactions and complete result tables are needed. Prespecification or official-tool review was not verified in this work. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Prespecified age boundaries, site and time hierarchies, and multiple selection must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Prespecified age boundaries, site and time hierarchies, and multiple selection with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N07 · Do null overall findings prove that even small benefits are absent? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original null overall findings are retained. Without exact effects or CIs, they do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site. The parent's unrecorded precision is retained without filling in a new value. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original effects, CIs, clinical-importance boundaries, measurement error, power and denominators are needed. No new subclaim grades, effects or CIs are calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Gaps in precision and clinical importance around null BMD findings - Materials to obtain first: Original effects, CIs, clinical-importance boundaries, measurement error, power and denominators are needed. No new subclaim grades, effects or CIs are calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original effects, CIs, clinical-importance boundaries, measurement error, power and denominators are needed. No new subclaim grades, effects or CIs are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Gaps in precision and clinical importance around null BMD findings must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Gaps in precision and clinical importance around null BMD findings with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N08 · Are BMD changes direct hip-fracture prevention outcomes? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: BMD is a separate measured outcome. The parent preserves both fractures of 1 versus 1 and null overall hip BMD, but subgroup BMD signals are not direct confirmation of fracture prevention or bone strengthening. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Fracture events, exposure, denominators, clinical effects, CIs and material connecting BMD changes with importance are needed. BMD values are not converted into fracture risks. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing the BMD surrogate from fracture events - Materials to obtain first: Fracture events, exposure, denominators, clinical effects, CIs and material connecting BMD changes with importance are needed. BMD values are not converted into fracture risks. - Further research: Material needed: Fracture events, exposure, denominators, clinical effects, CIs and material connecting BMD changes with importance are needed. BMD values are not converted into fracture risks. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing the BMD surrogate from fracture events must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing the BMD surrogate from fracture events with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R04 ### N09 · Does the signal of 118 versus 121 falls mean increased BMD? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The 118 versus 121 are cumulative events after excluding a recurrent faller in the key falls trial. They are not BMD measurements and are not converted into BMD effects for different populations, outcomes or denominators. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original arm values, denominators, estimates, CIs, exposure and timing for each trial and outcome are needed. No new faller proportions, risks or BMD effects are calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Directness of cumulative falls, fractures and BMD - Materials to obtain first: Original arm values, denominators, estimates, CIs, exposure and timing for each trial and outcome are needed. No new faller proportions, risks or BMD effects are calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original arm values, denominators, estimates, CIs, exposure and timing for each trial and outcome are needed. No new faller proportions, risks or BMD effects are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Directness of cumulative falls, fractures and BMD must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Directness of cumulative falls, fractures and BMD with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R04 ### N10 · Are later female-faller signals the same as the BMD age subgroup? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The 2013 later trial has positive female-faller subgroup findings and null fractures. This differs from the site-specific BMD subgroup aged at least 70 in Sakai 2010. Signals in women are not combined into the same BMD result. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Population, prespecification, denominators, outcomes, timing, effects, CIs and report relationships for each subgroup analysis are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Female and age subgroups with distinct outcomes - Materials to obtain first: Population, prespecification, denominators, outcomes, timing, effects, CIs and report relationships for each subgroup analysis are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Population, prespecification, denominators, outcomes, timing, effects, CIs and report relationships for each subgroup analysis are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Female and age subgroups with distinct outcomes must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Female and age subgroups with distinct outcomes with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02, R04 ### N11 · Does a historical description as an independent BMD trial certify independence now? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent and subclaim explanation describe Sakai as an independent BMD trial. Specific funding and COI are unverified; this work does not create independent clinical validation or established trial counts. Other subclaims share the same report. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Institutions, support, recruitment, participants, registration, report overlap and original methods and results are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Sakai and Sakamoto research groups, support and recruitment relationships - Materials to obtain first: Institutions, support, recruitment, participants, registration, report overlap and original methods and results are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Institutions, support, recruitment, participants, registration, report overlap and original methods and results are needed. Unique trial and participant totals remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Sakai and Sakamoto research groups, support and recruitment relationships must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Sakai and Sakamoto research groups, support and recruitment relationships with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R04 ### N12 · Are 6-month measurements extended to long-term or post-discontinuation effects? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Sakai's outcome is hip BMD at 6 months. Post-discontinuation persistence, long-term BMD and benefits at other anatomical sites or for fracture risk are not established by this summary. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Measurement and follow-up periods, post-discontinuation exercise, treatment, adherence, site-specific original values, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Boundaries between 6-month BMD, long-term effects, maintenance and other sites - Materials to obtain first: Measurement and follow-up periods, post-discontinuation exercise, treatment, adherence, site-specific original values, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Measurement and follow-up periods, post-discontinuation exercise, treatment, adherence, site-specific original values, denominators, effects and CIs are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Boundaries between 6-month BMD, long-term effects, maintenance and other sites must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Boundaries between 6-month BMD, long-term effects, maintenance and other sites with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N13 · Were measurement, allocation, baseline imbalance and missingness verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Sakai is recorded as a randomized controlled trial, but allocation, concealment, assessors, BMD equipment, precision, arm-specific baseline values, missingness and adjustment are absent from the summary. Null overall and subgroup signals do not establish completed methods review. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original equipment, ROIs, measurement consistency, allocation, concealment, baseline and analysis adjustment, missingness, withdrawals and prespecified plans are needed. No official risk-of-bias assessment or regrading was performed. - Required materials and conditions: BMD equipment, precision, blinding, baseline adjustment and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Original equipment, ROIs, measurement consistency, allocation, concealment, baseline and analysis adjustment, missingness, withdrawals and prespecified plans are needed. No official risk-of-bias assessment or regrading was performed. - Further research: Material needed: Original equipment, ROIs, measurement consistency, allocation, concealment, baseline and analysis adjustment, missingness, withdrawals and prespecified plans are needed. No official risk-of-bias assessment or regrading was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for BMD equipment, precision, blinding, baseline adjustment and denominators must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects BMD equipment, precision, blinding, baseline adjustment and denominators with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N14 · How are the stand-alone intervention, control and concurrent bone treatments attributed? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent's stand-alone intervention and no-exercise or usual-care context is retained. Sakai's exact control, permission for support, supervision, medications, supplementation and actual adherence are separately unverified. Conditions are not filled in as identical across all reports. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Sakai's original exercise, controls, concurrent bone treatment and medications, exposure, participation, denominators and timing are needed. No new exercise or treatment methods are provided. - Required materials and conditions: Exercise exposure, comparators, bone treatment, supplementation and adherence - Materials to obtain first: Sakai's original exercise, controls, concurrent bone treatment and medications, exposure, participation, denominators and timing are needed. No new exercise or treatment methods are provided. - Further research: Material needed: Sakai's original exercise, controls, concurrent bone treatment and medications, exposure, participation, denominators and timing are needed. No new exercise or treatment methods are provided. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Exercise exposure, comparators, bone treatment, supplementation and adherence must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Exercise exposure, comparators, bone treatment, supplementation and adherence with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N15 · Is multicomponent balance-and-strength exercise reassigned as a stand-alone BMD effect? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original account does not transfer multicomponent-program evidence and distinguishes verdict 1557 from the stand-alone program. Broader exercise effects are not certified as increased overall hip BMD with stand-alone single-leg standing. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Direct material for the same stand-alone intervention, population, control and prespecified BMD sites and timing is needed. No new reading or lookup of verdict 1557 materials or practice instructions was performed. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing the stand-alone intervention from the broader program in verdict 1557 - Materials to obtain first: Direct material for the same stand-alone intervention, population, control and prespecified BMD sites and timing is needed. No new reading or lookup of verdict 1557 materials or practice instructions was performed. - Further research: Material needed: Direct material for the same stand-alone intervention, population, control and prespecified BMD sites and timing is needed. No new reading or lookup of verdict 1557 materials or practice instructions was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing the stand-alone intervention from the broader program in verdict 1557 must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing the stand-alone intervention from the broader program in verdict 1557 with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R04 ### N16 · Are a literature erratum and the parent's empty correction history distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original bibliography retains the existence of an erratum to the 2013 trial and unverified details, while the parent's correction history is an empty array. An empty history does not mean no external erratum; Sakai findings are not invented as corrected. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: The complete erratum, original and corrected values, target reports, outcomes and effects are needed. An erratum is a separate report and is not counted as a new randomized trial. - Required materials and conditions: Erratum to the 2013 trial, target report and parent correction history - Materials to obtain first: The complete erratum, original and corrected values, target reports, outcomes and effects are needed. An erratum is a separate report and is not counted as a new randomized trial. - Further research: Material needed: The complete erratum, original and corrected values, target reports, outcomes and effects are needed. An erratum is a separate report and is not counted as a new randomized trial. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Erratum to the 2013 trial, target report and parent correction history must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Erratum to the 2013 trial, target report and parent correction history with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02, R03, R04 ### N17 · Are original research conditions turned into new exercise or fracture-prevention instructions? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent records the original eyes-open single-leg-standing research conditions. This sheet preserves conditions and boundaries without writing new steps, exercise, fracture-prevention or treatment instructions. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Actual exercise and treatment decisions are a separate scope. Original methods, populations, controls, exposure and adherence materials must be acquired and reviewed. - Required materials and conditions: Boundaries between preserved intervention conditions and personal practice instructions - Materials to obtain first: Actual exercise and treatment decisions are a separate scope. Original methods, populations, controls, exposure and adherence materials must be acquired and reviewed. - Further research: Material needed: Actual exercise and treatment decisions are a separate scope. Original methods, populations, controls, exposure and adherence materials must be acquired and reviewed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Boundaries between preserved intervention conditions and personal practice instructions must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Boundaries between preserved intervention conditions and personal practice instructions with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R04 ### N18 · Are company funding, products, authors and design or analysis roles distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The 2006 report has non-U.S. government-support indexing with specific funding and COI unverified; 2013 has unverified funding and the same investigator group; funding and COI for the 2010 BMD trial are also unverified. Government-support indexing or different authors do not certify absence of company involvement. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Documents are needed for money, product and equipment support, company and author affiliations, design, analysis and publication roles, and supporter identities separately. - Required materials and conditions: Report-specific company-involvement categories and independence - Materials to obtain first: Documents are needed for money, product and equipment support, company and author affiliations, design, analysis and publication roles, and supporter identities separately. - Further research: Material needed: Documents are needed for money, product and equipment support, company and author affiliations, design, analysis and publication roles, and supporter identities separately. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Report-specific company-involvement categories and independence must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report-specific company-involvement categories and independence with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R04 ### N19 · Are reports, errata and shared populations summed as independent trials? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The 3 original evidence summaries and 4 bibliographic entries include original trial reports and a later erratum. The 4 reports are not counted as 4 independent trials, and 553, 527, 865 and 94 are not summed into certified unique participants. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Material linking reports, trials, erratum versions, registration, institutions, recruitment and participants is needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Report, trial and participant relationships for 3 papers and 1 erratum - Materials to obtain first: Material linking reports, trials, erratum versions, registration, institutions, recruitment and participants is needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Material linking reports, trials, erratum versions, registration, institutions, recruitment and participants is needed. Unique trial and participant counts remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Report, trial and participant relationships for 3 papers and 1 erratum must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report, trial and participant relationships for 3 papers and 1 erratum with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N20 · Were original registration and prespecified plans actually read? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Registration identifiers in the 3 original evidence summaries are recorded as not established. Original registration, prespecified hierarchies, exclusions and subgroup plans are unread. Unverified identifiers or materials are not converted into confirmation that trials were unregistered. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original registration, protocols, analysis plans, changes, exclusions, subgroups, outcomes and denominator materials are needed. No external lookup or access test was performed. - Required materials and conditions: Reading levels for registration, protocols, analysis plans, changes and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Original registration, protocols, analysis plans, changes, exclusions, subgroups, outcomes and denominator materials are needed. No external lookup or access test was performed. - Further research: Material needed: Original registration, protocols, analysis plans, changes, exclusions, subgroups, outcomes and denominator materials are needed. No external lookup or access test was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Reading levels for registration, protocols, analysis plans, changes and denominators must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Reading levels for registration, protocols, analysis plans, changes and denominators with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R04 ### N21 · Were details on harms, vulnerable populations, exposure and denominators acquired? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The parent's safety wording and trial permission to use a support bar are retained. Details of actual exercise-related harm events, affected participants, exposure time, collection methods, denominators and vulnerable populations are absent from the summary. Null fractures are not used as confirmed safety. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Active harm collection, timing, severity, falls, injuries, discontinuation, concurrent treatment, arm denominators, exposure, support, supervision, vulnerable populations and long-term material are needed. No new exercise or treatment recommendations are created. - Required materials and conditions: Falls or injuries during exercise, support, supervision and harm collection - Materials to obtain first: Active harm collection, timing, severity, falls, injuries, discontinuation, concurrent treatment, arm denominators, exposure, support, supervision, vulnerable populations and long-term material are needed. No new exercise or treatment recommendations are created. - Further research: Material needed: Active harm collection, timing, severity, falls, injuries, discontinuation, concurrent treatment, arm denominators, exposure, support, supervision, vulnerable populations and long-term material are needed. No new exercise or treatment recommendations are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Falls or injuries during exercise, support, supervision and harm collection must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Falls or injuries during exercise, support, supervision and harm collection with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R04 ### N22 · How do subclaim D and parent C50, axes and unrecorded precision differ? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Both selected subclaims have D and no individual scores, statuses or axes. Parent C50, Caution, B/H/R1/I1/EX/B1 and unrecorded precision concern falls and are not filled in as subclaim fracture or BMD scores and axes. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: The application boundary between parent and subclaims needs content review. Unrecorded values are not replaced by defaults, and no new grades, scores or independence certification are created. - Required materials and conditions: Original subclaim grade, absent score, status and axes, and parent context - Materials to obtain first: The application boundary between parent and subclaims needs content review. Unrecorded values are not replaced by defaults, and no new grades, scores or independence certification are created. - Further research: Material needed: The application boundary between parent and subclaims needs content review. Unrecorded values are not replaced by defaults, and no new grades, scores or independence certification are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Original subclaim grade, absent score, status and axes, and parent context must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original subclaim grade, absent score, status and axes, and parent context with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N23 · How does reading a stored summary differ from reading external originals or an erratum? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The complete stored parent summary was used. Historical bibliography wording such as verified, disclosed or cross-checked is not promoted into current reading. External abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans are unread. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Acquisition, reading and content review of external materials require separate records. A URL does not establish reading, accessibility or completed review. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, plans and errata - Materials to obtain first: Acquisition, reading and content review of external materials require separate records. A URL does not establish reading, accessibility or completed review. - Further research: Material needed: Acquisition, reading and content review of external materials require separate records. A URL does not establish reading, accessibility or completed review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, plans and errata must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing summaries, abstracts, full texts, registration, plans and errata with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N24 · Are representative populations, periods or language values copied to other reports? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Parent Korean and English content and classifications are retained. Representative values of 553, 527, 6 months, cumulative falls and fractures are not copied as denominators or timing for Sakai's BMD population of 94 or individual outcomes in the 2013 later trial. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Original populations, interventions, controls, denominators, outcomes, timing and English content for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed. - Required materials and conditions: Preserving parent Korean and English content, populations, timing and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Original populations, interventions, controls, denominators, outcomes, timing and English content for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed. - Further research: Material needed: Original populations, interventions, controls, denominators, outcomes, timing and English content for each report are needed for comparison. No new external English comparison or erratum-content review was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Preserving parent Korean and English content, populations, timing and denominators must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Preserving parent Korean and English content, populations, timing and denominators with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N25 · Are original evidence dates, empty correction history and production dates distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: The original cut-off is 2026-09-07; correction history is an empty array and deliberation history is an empty string. Production dates are not converted into new evidence-verification dates, and external erratum details are not invented. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes must be linked as separate events and versions after preserving complete originals. - Required materials and conditions: Preserving the original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and original URL - Materials to obtain first: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes must be linked as separate events and versions after preserving complete originals. - Further research: Material needed: Material additions, condition revisions, applied observations and verdict changes must be linked as separate events and versions after preserving complete originals. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Preserving the original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and original URL must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Preserving the original cut-off, correction and deliberation histories, and original URL with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N26 · Are material-slot counts external acquisition or quality scores? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Report links and material slots are production-structure counts. They are not acquired external papers, unique trials, participants, independent replications or quality scores; the same parent reports are shared. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Actual acquisition and reading of originals, and trial, report and cohort relationships, are needed. Existing content review remains incomplete, external materials unread and unique counts unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Report links, local and external slots and unique clinical units - Materials to obtain first: Actual acquisition and reading of originals, and trial, report and cohort relationships, are needed. Existing content review remains incomplete, external materials unread and unique counts unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Actual acquisition and reading of originals, and trial, report and cohort relationships, are needed. Existing content review remains incomplete, external materials unread and unique counts unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Report links, local and external slots, and unique clinical units must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report links, local and external slots, and unique clinical units with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N27 · How are new materials or changes to the question updated? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, errata, registration, protocols and analysis plans unread - Current findings: Original materials and current conditions and observations are retained. Newly acquired material or errata are linked to the corresponding question, original report, denominator, outcome, timing and subclaim or parent boundaries. No new lookup or regrading was performed in this work. - Why unverified: Information was transferred from the stored summary while distinguishing the existing selected question from parent material. Detailed originals are unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish clinical certification or a passed content review. - Reason for missing information: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained and content reviewed. No new clinical calculations, effects, CIs, independence certification or exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguishing evidence updates, condition revisions and original-verdict changes - Materials to obtain first: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained and content reviewed. No new clinical calculations, effects, CIs, independence certification or exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Further research: Material needed: Complete originals, events, versions and change reasons must be retained and content reviewed. No new clinical calculations, effects, CIs, independence certification or exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Original material and analysis scope for Distinguishing evidence updates, condition revisions and original-verdict changes must be linked to populations, comparators, measurement sites, denominators, overall and subgroup findings and timing for the selected BMD question, distinguishing stored summaries, unverified details and other outcomes. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguishing evidence updates, condition revisions and original-verdict changes with populations, comparators, measurement sites, ROIs, overall and subgroup findings, denominators, timing, prespecification, precision, reports, errata and harms for the selected overall-hip-BMD question. - Application exceptions: Retain original subclaim D and absent score, status and axes without inheriting parent C50 or axes. Null overall findings do not establish a precise absence of effect, equivalence or null findings at every site, and a small age subgroup is not extended into an overall effect. Falls, fractures and BMD, and female fallers versus BMD age subgroups, are distinguished. No erratum details, effects, CIs, P values, denominators, unique counts, independence or safety certification, or new exercise, prevention or treatment methods are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External originals and errata are unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original subclaim D, its explanation and gaps in BMD sites, arm values, denominators, precision and subgroup prespecification are retained. Historical independence or verification narratives are not used as current clinical certification, original-material reading or safety verification. - Referenced methods: Preserved application conditions concerning questions, comparisons, reports versus trials, outcomes, denominators, errata and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Sakamoto K, et al. Effects of unipedal standing balance exercise on the prevention of falls and hip fracture among clinically defined high-risk elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sci. 2006;11:467-472. PMID: 17013734. DOI: 10.1007/s00776-006-1057-2. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17013734/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: Falls 118 versus 121 after excluding 1 recurrent faller from exercise; fractures 1 versus 1 Record level: This provides context from the key 6-month falls-and-hip-fractures trial. Original figures are 553 assigned, 527 analyzed, 315 versus 212, 26 withdrawals, and 118 versus 121 falls after excluding 1 recurrent faller, with fractures of 1 versus 1. They are not reassigned as Sakai BMD populations, values, denominators or effects; direct fracture effects and CIs are also unverified. Independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. Null overall BMD and a small age subgroup in the direct BMD report are distinguished from falls, fractures and female-faller findings. The erratum is bibliographically linked to the later falls-and-fractures report and is not turned into corrected BMD values. Original independent-trial wording is not converted into current certification, and unique trials, participants, events or independent replications are not summed. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 17013734, DOI 10.1007/s00776-006-1057-2 and unverified registration. Non-U.S. government-support indexing does not verify specific funding, support, COI, roles or independence. Equal fracture event counts are not converted into precise equivalence or safety. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 17013734, DOI 10.1007/s00776-006-1057-2 and unverified registration. Non-U.S. government-support indexing does not verify specific funding, support, COI, roles or independence. Equal fracture event counts are not converted into precise equivalence or safety. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 17013734, DOI 10.1007/s00776-006-1057-2 and unverified registration. Non-U.S. government-support indexing does not verify specific funding, support, COI, roles or independence. Equal fracture event counts are not converted into precise equivalence or safety. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 17013734, DOI 10.1007/s00776-006-1057-2 and unverified registration. Non-U.S. government-support indexing does not verify specific funding, support, COI, roles or independence. Equal fracture event counts are not converted into precise equivalence or safety. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 17013734, DOI 10.1007/s00776-006-1057-2 and unverified registration. Non-U.S. government-support indexing does not verify specific funding, support, COI, roles or independence. Equal fracture event counts are not converted into precise equivalence or safety. | ### R02 Sakamoto K, et al. Why not use your own body weight to prevent falls? A randomized, controlled trial of balance therapy to prevent falls and fractures for elderly people who can stand on one leg for <=15 s. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18:110-120. PMID: 23138409. DOI: 10.1007/s00776-012-0328-3. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23138409/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: Positive female faller subgroup; fractures null Record level: The 2013 later trial analyzed 865 balance-impaired adults aged at least 75, with 410 versus 455. A female-faller subgroup signal and null fractures are retained. These are not the BMD trial's age subgroup or overall effect; exact fracture sites, denominators, periods and erratum effects are unverified. Independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. Null overall BMD and a small age subgroup in the direct BMD report are distinguished from falls, fractures and female-faller findings. The erratum is bibliographically linked to the later falls-and-fractures report and is not turned into corrected BMD values. Original independent-trial wording is not converted into current certification, and unique trials, participants, events or independent replications are not summed. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 23138409, DOI 10.1007/s00776-012-0328-3 and unverified registration. The same investigators, female fallers, existence of an erratum and null fractures are distinguished. Exact hip-fracture findings, periods, denominators, funding and COI are unverified. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 23138409, DOI 10.1007/s00776-012-0328-3 and unverified registration. The same investigators, female fallers, existence of an erratum and null fractures are distinguished. Exact hip-fracture findings, periods, denominators, funding and COI are unverified. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 23138409, DOI 10.1007/s00776-012-0328-3 and unverified registration. The same investigators, female fallers, existence of an erratum and null fractures are distinguished. Exact hip-fracture findings, periods, denominators, funding and COI are unverified. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 23138409, DOI 10.1007/s00776-012-0328-3 and unverified registration. The same investigators, female fallers, existence of an erratum and null fractures are distinguished. Exact hip-fracture findings, periods, denominators, funding and COI are unverified. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 23138409, DOI 10.1007/s00776-012-0328-3 and unverified registration. The same investigators, female fallers, existence of an erratum and null fractures are distinguished. Exact hip-fracture findings, periods, denominators, funding and COI are unverified. | ### R03 Sakamoto K, et al. Erratum to: Why not use your own body weight to prevent falls? J Orthop Sci. 2014;19:373-374. PMID: 30321915. DOI: 10.1007/s00776-014-0531-5. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30321915/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: The preserved bibliography discloses an erratum to the 2013 trial. Record level: This is the bibliography of the 2014 erratum to the 2013 later report. It is not a separate original evidence entry or new trial; corrected items, outcomes and denominator effects are unread. It is not reassigned as an erratum to Sakai BMD findings or made into verified corrected values. Independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. Null overall BMD and a small age subgroup in the direct BMD report are distinguished from falls, fractures and female-faller findings. The erratum is bibliographically linked to the later falls-and-fractures report and is not turned into corrected BMD values. Original independent-trial wording is not converted into current certification, and unique trials, participants, events or independent replications are not summed. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 30321915 and DOI 10.1007/s00776-014-0531-5. The erratum bibliography is distinguished from needed registration and plan materials for the linked original trial. This is not a separate trial or verified corrected fracture values; erratum details, effects on denominators, support and COI are unverified. | | Erratum bibliography | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30321915 and DOI 10.1007/s00776-014-0531-5. The erratum bibliography is distinguished from needed registration and plan materials for the linked original trial. This is not a separate trial or verified corrected fracture values; erratum details, effects on denominators, support and COI are unverified. | | Erratum full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30321915 and DOI 10.1007/s00776-014-0531-5. The erratum bibliography is distinguished from needed registration and plan materials for the linked original trial. This is not a separate trial or verified corrected fracture values; erratum details, effects on denominators, support and COI are unverified. | | Linked original-trial registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30321915 and DOI 10.1007/s00776-014-0531-5. The erratum bibliography is distinguished from needed registration and plan materials for the linked original trial. This is not a separate trial or verified corrected fracture values; erratum details, effects on denominators, support and COI are unverified. | | Linked original-trial protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30321915 and DOI 10.1007/s00776-014-0531-5. The erratum bibliography is distinguished from needed registration and plan materials for the linked original trial. This is not a separate trial or verified corrected fracture values; erratum details, effects on denominators, support and COI are unverified. | ### R04 Sakai A, et al. Unipedal standing exercise and hip bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Metab. 2010;28:42-48. PMID: 19521657. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-009-0100-8. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19521657/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: Overall hip BMD null; site-specific signals in a small aged 70 or older subgroup Record level: This is the 2010 randomized trial of 6-month hip BMD in postmenopausal women. It distinguishes and retains 94 assigned, 49 versus 45, null overall findings and site-specific signals in a small subgroup aged at least 70. Exact measurement sites, ROIs, arm values, changes, outcome denominators, effects, CIs, P values and subgroup prespecification are unverified. Independent replication: The parent and other subclaims share the same preserved reports. Null overall BMD and a small age subgroup in the direct BMD report are distinguished from falls, fractures and female-faller findings. The erratum is bibliographically linked to the later falls-and-fractures report and is not turned into corrected BMD values. Original independent-trial wording is not converted into current certification, and unique trials, participants, events or independent replications are not summed. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 19521657, DOI 10.1007/s00774-009-0100-8 and unverified registration. Null overall findings are distinguished from small age- and site-specific subgroups; anatomical measurement sites, denominators, precision and prespecified plans are unverified. Historical independent-trial wording does not verify specific funding, support or COI, or certify independence in this work. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 19521657, DOI 10.1007/s00774-009-0100-8 and unverified registration. Null overall findings are distinguished from small age- and site-specific subgroups; anatomical measurement sites, denominators, precision and prespecified plans are unverified. Historical independent-trial wording does not verify specific funding, support or COI, or certify independence in this work. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 19521657, DOI 10.1007/s00774-009-0100-8 and unverified registration. Null overall findings are distinguished from small age- and site-specific subgroups; anatomical measurement sites, denominators, precision and prespecified plans are unverified. Historical independent-trial wording does not verify specific funding, support or COI, or certify independence in this work. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 19521657, DOI 10.1007/s00774-009-0100-8 and unverified registration. Null overall findings are distinguished from small age- and site-specific subgroups; anatomical measurement sites, denominators, precision and prespecified plans are unverified. Historical independent-trial wording does not verify specific funding, support or COI, or certify independence in this work. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 19521657, DOI 10.1007/s00774-009-0100-8 and unverified registration. Null overall findings are distinguished from small age- and site-specific subgroups; anatomical measurement sites, denominators, precision and prespecified plans are unverified. Historical independent-trial wording does not verify specific funding, support or COI, or certify independence in this work. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Partial information from the stored summary is linked; detailed originals and content review remain incomplete. - Unverified: Required details cannot be established within the preserved scope. This does not establish absence of effects or studies, or safety. - Review incomplete: Review of existing content remains incomplete. - Met: This state is used only within the relevant conditions after material verification and content review. It was not automatically assigned in this work. - Not reported: Unreported within material actually read. Unread external material is not relabeled as unreported. - Inaccessible: This means actual access failure. External access was not attempted in this work, so this state was not assigned. - Not applicable: Used only with an application exception and reason based on the question scope. - Conflicting data: This requires actual comparison of materials; no new conflict judgment was made in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: This indicates gaps in additional material for the selected conditions. Unread material as a whole is not converted into an efficacy grade. ## Change history 2026-10-19 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public-facing views and materials were prepared from the existing 27 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.