# Laughter Yoga for Perceived Stress—Improvement Signal With Unclear Prespecification and Controls Verdict 3005 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-19 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The original populations are nonclinical students and nurses. Nurses working in psychiatric settings are not psychiatric patients. Report-specific diagnoses, selection, baseline stress, occupational distributions and applicability to other adults are unverified. Do not extend occupational samples to diagnosed patients or all adults. - Ingredient, formulation and route: The program combines laughter, clapping, breathing, playful movement and group interaction. Humorous video is a separate intervention. Report-specific components, instructors, contact, expectations, adherence and laughter-only contributions are unverified. Create no new yoga, breathing or treatment instructions. - Dose: The key program used 8 sessions of 30 minutes as an original observation condition. Actual schedules, exposure, attendance, discontinuation and adherence in other reports are unverified. Do not turn recorded exposure into a recommended frequency or new practice method. - Comparator: Distinguish no intervention in the key 70-person trial from laughter yoga, video and reading in the acute 120-person trial. Arm-specific attention, contact, expectations, social participation, breathing and direct perceived-stress comparisons with active social controls are unverified. Do not attribute video-related changes to laughter yoga. - Measured outcome: The selection is reduced perceived stress in nonclinical adults; preserve original subclaim C and concerns about no-intervention controls, prespecification and blinding. PSS, GHQ, burnout, well-being, self-efficacy, mental symptoms and cortisol/DHEA are distinct outcomes. Direct score differences, CIs and clinical-importance thresholds are unverified. - Duration: Distinguish the original single-session, 5-week or 8-session contexts. Exact visits, measurement windows, persistence after completion and long-term observation for each report are unverified. Do not assign a general duration as identical follow-up for every report/measure or extend acute findings to long-term effects. - Questions outside this scope: Back-calculating new score differences, CIs, standardized effects or clinical importance from F, P or partial-effect statistics; Combining PSS, GHQ, burnout, well-being, self-efficacy, mental symptoms or cortisol/DHEA as one effect; Selecting only favorable abstract/multivariate/session-level wording or newly resolving the recorded conflict; Treating no intervention, active social controls, video and reading as the same control, or attributing video effects to laughter yoga; Using all completed/analyzed or total samples as valid denominators for every measure, time or harm; Counting shared reports, registration identifiers or repeated samples/arms/sessions as new independent-trial, participant or event totals; Inheriting parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety or historical axes/verification as subclaim scores or new independence/safety certification; Creating new yoga, breathing or medical practice instructions, cortisol-normalization or psychiatric-treatment recommendations ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which question is covered? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The selection is reduced perceived stress in nonclinical adults. The existing subclaim is retained; no new claim is created. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Individual content review and independent verification of the population and outcome boundaries remain incomplete. - Required materials and conditions: The selected subclaim's population and outcome - Materials to obtain first: Individual content review and independent verification of the population and outcome boundaries remain incomplete. - Further research: Material needed: Individual content review and independent verification of the population and outcome boundaries remain incomplete. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for The selected subclaim's population and outcome must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects The selected subclaim's population and outcome with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: ### N02 · How does selected grade C differ from the parent verdict? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Selected C includes positive trials alongside gaps in no-intervention controls, prespecification and blinding. Parent C50 and Unknown safety provide overall context, not a separate score or safety verdict for the selection. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The selection has no separate score, status or assessment axes. No new grade or score is assigned. - Required materials and conditions: The scope of the selected grade and overall verdict - Materials to obtain first: The selection has no separate score, status or assessment axes. No new grade or score is assigned. - Further research: Material needed: The selection has no separate score, status or assessment axes. No new grade or score is assigned. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for The scope of the selected grade and overall verdict must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects The scope of the selected grade and overall verdict with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: ### N03 · Are psychiatric nurses psychiatric patients? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original populations are healthy students and nurses. Nurses working in psychiatric settings are not psychiatric patients. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific diagnoses, exclusions, baseline stress, age, occupational distributions and applicability to other adults are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Report-specific populations, diagnoses and selection criteria - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific diagnoses, exclusions, baseline stress, age, occupational distributions and applicability to other adults are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific diagnoses, exclusions, baseline stress, age, occupational distributions and applicability to other adults are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Report-specific populations, diagnoses and selection criteria must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report-specific populations, diagnoses and selection criteria with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N04 · Is laughter itself the same as the group program? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The program combines laughter, clapping, breathing, playful movements and group activity. It is not treated as a laughter-only effect. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific components, instructors, contact, expectations, adherence and each component's contribution are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Program components and actual participation - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific components, instructors, contact, expectations, adherence and each component's contribution are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific components, instructors, contact, expectations, adherence and each component's contribution are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Program components and actual participation must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Program components and actual participation with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N05 · How do no intervention and active social controls differ? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The key 70-person report compared a small-group program with no intervention. The original explanation identifies insufficient active social controls as a limitation. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific attention, contact and expectations, control specifications in other reports and direct comparisons of laughter-specific effects are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific attention, contact, expectations and control content - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific attention, contact and expectations, control specifications in other reports and direct comparisons of laughter-specific effects are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific attention, contact and expectations, control specifications in other reports and direct comparisons of laughter-specific effects are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Arm-specific attention, contact, expectations and control content must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Arm-specific attention, contact, expectations and control content with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N06 · Do single and repeated programs show the same effect? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original summary distinguishes a single exposure in 120 participants from 5 weeks or 8 sessions in samples of 75/83/70. The key program's 8 sessions of 30 minutes are original observation conditions. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Exact report-specific schedules, observation windows, actual exposure, adherence, valid denominators and persistence after completion are unverified. These are not practice recommendations. - Required materials and conditions: Report-specific duration, frequency, exposure and follow-up - Materials to obtain first: Exact report-specific schedules, observation windows, actual exposure, adherence, valid denominators and persistence after completion are unverified. These are not practice recommendations. - Further research: Material needed: Exact report-specific schedules, observation windows, actual exposure, adherence, valid denominators and persistence after completion are unverified. These are not practice recommendations. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Report-specific duration, frequency, exposure and follow-up must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Report-specific duration, frequency, exposure and follow-up with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N07 · What does the perceived-stress measure represent? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The key report covers PSS/GHQ/burnout after 8 sessions. The selected outcome is perceived stress; PSS statistics are kept separate from other measures. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: PSS version, range, direction, units, baseline and final scores, changes, aggregation, denominators and intervals are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Measure version, range, direction, timing and scores - Materials to obtain first: PSS version, range, direction, units, baseline and final scores, changes, aggregation, denominators and intervals are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: PSS version, range, direction, units, baseline and final scores, changes, aggregation, denominators and intervals are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Measure version, range, direction, timing and scores must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Measure version, range, direction, timing and scores with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N08 · Are other psychological measures also perceived stress? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: PSS, GHQ, burnout, well-being, self-efficacy and mental symptoms are separate outcomes. They are not combined into a single measure. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Measure versions, primary/secondary hierarchy, direct effects, denominators, intervals and links to clinical diagnoses are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Definitions and outcome hierarchy for each measure - Materials to obtain first: Measure versions, primary/secondary hierarchy, direct effects, denominators, intervals and links to clinical diagnoses are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Measure versions, primary/secondary hierarchy, direct effects, denominators, intervals and links to clinical diagnoses are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Definitions and outcome hierarchy for each measure must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Definitions and outcome hierarchy for each measure with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N09 · What does the PSS group-by-time statistic show? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original result is PSS group-by-time F(1,68)=251.56, P<.001, partial eta-squared=.787. It is not converted into a direct score difference or a laughter-specific effect. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific scores and changes, adjusted between-arm differences and confidence intervals, models, variances, baseline and time windows are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: The original statistic versus direct score differences - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific scores and changes, adjusted between-arm differences and confidence intervals, models, variances, baseline and time windows are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific scores and changes, adjusted between-arm differences and confidence intervals, models, variances, baseline and time windows are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for The original statistic versus direct score differences must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects The original statistic versus direct score differences with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N10 · Does complete participation establish every outcome denominator? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original statement is that all 70 psychiatric nurses, 35 versus 35, completed. Statistical degrees of freedom and small-group arrangements are not used to calculate new denominators. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Measure- and time-specific valid denominators, missingness, group/individual analysis units and correspondence with harms data are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Measure- and time-specific analysis samples and units - Materials to obtain first: Measure- and time-specific valid denominators, missingness, group/individual analysis units and correspondence with harms data are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Measure- and time-specific valid denominators, missingness, group/individual analysis units and correspondence with harms data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Measure- and time-specific analysis samples and units must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Measure- and time-specific analysis samples and units with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N11 · What limitation arises when the instructor is also the assessor? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original record states that the researcher also served as laughter-yoga instructor and assessor. This is separate from declarations of no external funding or conflicts. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Assessment and recording blinding, role separation, expectation and attention controls, and data-handling procedures are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Role separation, blinding and data handling - Materials to obtain first: Assessment and recording blinding, role separation, expectation and attention controls, and data-handling procedures are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Assessment and recording blinding, role separation, expectation and attention controls, and data-handling procedures are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Role separation, blinding and data handling must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Role separation, blinding and data handling with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N12 · Were concerns about conduct and registration dates verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original record retains concerns about consistency between conduct and registration schedules and about prespecification. This is not a new external registration check. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Exact conduct, registration and planning times, amendments, PSS hierarchy and consistency with original documents are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original schedules, registration, plans and amendments - Materials to obtain first: Exact conduct, registration and planning times, amendments, PSS hierarchy and consistency with original documents are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Exact conduct, registration and planning times, amendments, PSS hierarchy and consistency with original documents are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original schedules, registration, plans and amendments must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original schedules, registration, plans and amendments with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N13 · Are the abstract's null statement and multivariate statistic the same test? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original record retains both an abstract between-arm null statement and a main-text multivariate interaction F=10.69, P<.001. No new full-text comparison resolved the conflict. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The outcome, contrast and hierarchy of each test, individual PSS effects and confidence intervals, and multivariate models and denominators are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Measures, contrasts, models and original results for each statement - Materials to obtain first: The outcome, contrast and hierarchy of each test, individual PSS effects and confidence intervals, and multivariate models and denominators are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The outcome, contrast and hierarchy of each test, individual PSS effects and confidence intervals, and multivariate models and denominators are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Measures, contrasts, models and original results for each statement must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Measures, contrasts, models and original results for each statement with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N14 · What do the analyzed sample and retrospective registration establish? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original notation is 83 nursing students analyzed, 41 versus 42, alongside retrospective-registration concerns. This is distinguished from allocated, completed and measure-specific data. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Total allocation and exclusions, arm- and measure-specific valid denominators, registration and planning times and amendments are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Total allocation, exclusions, completion and registration timing - Materials to obtain first: Total allocation and exclusions, arm- and measure-specific valid denominators, registration and planning times and amendments are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Total allocation and exclusions, arm- and measure-specific valid denominators, registration and planning times and amendments are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Total allocation, exclusions, completion and registration timing must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Total allocation, exclusions, completion and registration timing with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N15 · Are mental-symptom results direct PSS results? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The Ozturk report describes positive mental-symptom results in 75 participants over 8 sessions and positive between-arm cortisol results in 3 of 8 sessions. These are not reassigned as direct selected perceived-stress values. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The mental-symptom instrument, existence of PSS measurement and individual effects, arm-, time- and session-specific denominators and plans are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Existence of perceived-stress measurement and individual results - Materials to obtain first: The mental-symptom instrument, existence of PSS measurement and individual effects, arm-, time- and session-specific denominators and plans are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The mental-symptom instrument, existence of PSS measurement and individual effects, arm-, time- and session-specific denominators and plans are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Existence of perceived-stress measurement and individual results must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Existence of perceived-stress measurement and individual results with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R03 ### N16 · Do acute biomarkers establish a perceived-stress effect? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The Fujisawa report covers acute 3-arm cortisol/DHEA results in 120 healthy students. The original statements that video also changed and DHEA was null are retained. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Existence of perceived-stress measurement and results, arm-specific denominators, exact cortisol contrasts and confidence intervals, and single-exposure and time-of-day plans are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direct perceived-stress outcomes versus biomarkers - Materials to obtain first: Existence of perceived-stress measurement and results, arm-specific denominators, exact cortisol contrasts and confidence intervals, and single-exposure and time-of-day plans are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Existence of perceived-stress measurement and results, arm-specific denominators, exact cortisol contrasts and confidence intervals, and single-exposure and time-of-day plans are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Direct perceived-stress outcomes versus biomarkers must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct perceived-stress outcomes versus biomarkers with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N17 · Are changes with humorous video attributed to laughter yoga? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Humorous video is a separate intervention. Video-related changes are not converted into laughter-yoga-specific effects. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Contributions of laughter, video, breathing, attention and social participation, and direct PSS contrasts are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direct comparisons of different interventions - Materials to obtain first: Contributions of laughter, video, breathing, attention and social participation, and direct PSS contrasts are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Contributions of laughter, video, breathing, attention and social participation, and direct PSS contrasts are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Direct comparisons of different interventions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct comparisons of different interventions with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R04 ### N18 · Does cortisol substitute for perceived stress or treatment? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original explanation separates salivary cortisol from perceived stress and retains gaps in consistency across sessions and trials. Cortisol is a separate subclaim. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Links between biomarkers, self-report and treatment of diagnosed conditions, exact intervals and correspondence with the selected outcome are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Links between biomarkers, self-report and treatment of diagnosed conditions - Materials to obtain first: Links between biomarkers, self-report and treatment of diagnosed conditions, exact intervals and correspondence with the selected outcome are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Links between biomarkers, self-report and treatment of diagnosed conditions, exact intervals and correspondence with the selected outcome are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Links between biomarkers, self-report and treatment of diagnosed conditions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Links between biomarkers, self-report and treatment of diagnosed conditions with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N19 · Do nonclinical results establish treatment of depression or anxiety disorders? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original studies are not treatment trials in psychiatric patients. Nonclinical stress results are distinguished from disorder-treatment claims. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Treatment, recovery and clinical events in diagnosed patients and their effects and intervals are outside this scope and unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direct evidence in diagnosed patients and treatment outcomes - Materials to obtain first: Treatment, recovery and clinical events in diagnosed patients and their effects and intervals are outside this scope and unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Treatment, recovery and clinical events in diagnosed patients and their effects and intervals are outside this scope and unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Direct evidence in diagnosed patients and treatment outcomes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct evidence in diagnosed patients and treatment outcomes with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: ### N20 · Does a randomized-design label verify the procedure? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original randomized-design labels are retained alongside no-intervention controls, lack of blinding and the small-group context. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and units, group and individual baseline balance, and selection and exclusion procedures are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Sequence generation, concealment, allocation units and selection procedures - Materials to obtain first: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and units, group and individual baseline balance, and selection and exclusion procedures are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and units, group and individual baseline balance, and selection and exclusion procedures are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Sequence generation, concealment, allocation units and selection procedures must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Sequence generation, concealment, allocation units and selection procedures with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N21 · How were self-report and assessor blinding handled? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Lack of blinding and combined instructor/assessor roles remain limitations when interpreting self-reported stress. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Assessment, aggregation and analysis blinding, PSS recording instruction and missingness, expectation controls and consistent procedures are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Recording, aggregation, analysis and expectation controls - Materials to obtain first: Assessment, aggregation and analysis blinding, PSS recording instruction and missingness, expectation controls and consistent procedures are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Assessment, aggregation and analysis blinding, PSS recording instruction and missingness, expectation controls and consistent procedures are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Recording, aggregation, analysis and expectation controls must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Recording, aggregation, analysis and expectation controls with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N22 · Were primary outcomes and multiple-analysis plans verified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Unclear prespecification and retrospective-registration concerns are retained. A summary's primary-outcome label alone does not verify prespecification. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Primary/secondary hierarchy for PSS, GHQ, burnout, well-being and biomarkers, models, timing, multiplicity and planning times are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Prespecified measures, models, times and multiplicity - Materials to obtain first: Primary/secondary hierarchy for PSS, GHQ, burnout, well-being and biomarkers, models, timing, multiplicity and planning times are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Primary/secondary hierarchy for PSS, GHQ, burnout, well-being and biomarkers, models, timing, multiplicity and planning times are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Prespecified measures, models, times and multiplicity must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Prespecified measures, models, times and multiplicity with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N23 · What were baseline stress and other activities? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The studies used different student and nurse samples, and group and attention effects need separation. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Baseline measures and status, arm-specific counseling, activities and treatment, confounding, adjustment and exposure changes are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific baseline status and concurrent activities or treatment - Materials to obtain first: Baseline measures and status, arm-specific counseling, activities and treatment, confounding, adjustment and exposure changes are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Baseline measures and status, arm-specific counseling, activities and treatment, confounding, adjustment and exposure changes are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Arm-specific baseline status and concurrent activities or treatment must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Arm-specific baseline status and concurrent activities or treatment with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N24 · Are group-by-time, between-arm and multivariate results the same estimate? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: PSS group-by-time, multivariate interactions and abstract between-arm statements are different analysis levels. No new direct effect is estimated. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Analysis populations and units, covariates, measures and contrasts, baseline adjustment, arm-specific tables and intervals are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Analysis populations, units, contrasts and models - Materials to obtain first: Analysis populations and units, covariates, measures and contrasts, baseline adjustment, arm-specific tables and intervals are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Analysis populations and units, covariates, measures and contrasts, baseline adjustment, arm-specific tables and intervals are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Analysis populations, units, contrasts and models must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Analysis populations, units, contrasts and models with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N25 · Do completion and analysis counts establish valid data for every measure? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: All 70 completing and 83 analyzed are the respective original report labels. Total samples of 75 and 120 are not used as arm- or endpoint-specific valid denominators. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Arm-, measure-, visit- and session-specific missingness, follow-up loss, exclusions, imputation and sensitivity analyses are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-, measure-, visit- and session-specific missingness and exclusions - Materials to obtain first: Arm-, measure-, visit- and session-specific missingness, follow-up loss, exclusions, imputation and sensitivity analyses are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Arm-, measure-, visit- and session-specific missingness, follow-up loss, exclusions, imputation and sensitivity analyses are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Arm-, measure-, visit- and session-specific missingness and exclusions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Arm-, measure-, visit- and session-specific missingness and exclusions with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N26 · Does a large statistic establish exact effects and clinical importance? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original explanation retains large statistics alongside insufficient prespecified hierarchy and active social controls. The magnitude of a laughter-specific effect is not established. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Exact direct score differences, confidence intervals, importance thresholds, variances, denominators and individual applicability are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Direct score differences, intervals and importance thresholds - Materials to obtain first: Exact direct score differences, confidence intervals, importance thresholds, variances, denominators and individual applicability are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Exact direct score differences, confidence intervals, importance thresholds, variances, denominators and individual applicability are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Direct score differences, intervals and importance thresholds must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct score differences, intervals and importance thresholds with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N27 · Are null, conflicting and mixed results retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The conflicting Yaş statements, mixed Ozturk session results and Fujisawa video changes and null DHEA result are retained and separated from selected PSS. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Complete external texts, tests and models, selected outcomes and contrasts, and the extent of omissions and selective reporting are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Complete results and selective reporting - Materials to obtain first: Complete external texts, tests and models, selected outcomes and contrasts, and the extent of omissions and selective reporting are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Complete external texts, tests and models, selected outcomes and contrasts, and the extent of omissions and selective reporting are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Complete results and selective reporting must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Complete results and selective reporting with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02, R03, R04 ### N28 · Are different samples, durations and controls pooled? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Populations, training, contact, duration and endpoints differ. No common pooled effect is newly calculated. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Prespecified subgroups for the selected measure, direct differences, condition-specific intervals and models and all included data are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Condition-specific direct results and prespecified subgroups - Materials to obtain first: Prespecified subgroups for the selected measure, direct differences, condition-specific intervals and models and all included data are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Prespecified subgroups for the selected measure, direct differences, condition-specific intervals and models and all included data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Condition-specific direct results and prespecified subgroups must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Condition-specific direct results and prespecified subgroups with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N29 · Do short programs answer long-term questions for all adults? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Single-exposure, several-week and 8-session evidence is not extended to all adults, long-term stress or disorder treatment. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Persistence after completion, long-term and specific populations, prespecified program- and baseline-specific differences and direct intervals are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Persistence after completion and direct population-specific data - Materials to obtain first: Persistence after completion, long-term and specific populations, prespecified program- and baseline-specific differences and direct intervals are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Persistence after completion, long-term and specific populations, prespecified program- and baseline-specific differences and direct intervals are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Persistence after completion and direct population-specific data must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Persistence after completion and direct population-specific data with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N30 · Is the report count a total of independent trials or participants? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The 4 preserved reports are linked; the selected question, parent and cortisol subclaim share them. Original labels such as R1/I2 are not treated as new independence certification. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Correspondence between registration, recruitment, groups and related reports, and unique trial, participant and event counts are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Related reports, registration, recruitment and overlap - Materials to obtain first: Correspondence between registration, recruitment, groups and related reports, and unique trial, participant and event counts are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Correspondence between registration, recruitment, groups and related reports, and unique trial, participant and event counts are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Related reports, registration, recruitment and overlap must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Related reports, registration, recruitment and overlap with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N31 · Does a registration identifier mean its content was checked now? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original records of NCT07015372, NCT06175936, unable to verify, and UMIN000019409 are retained. UMIN was not relabeled as NCT and external content was not newly queried. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Registration, amendment and planning times and correspondence with recruitment, endpoints and reports were not verified in this work. - Required materials and conditions: Registration originals, amendments, plans and report correspondence - Materials to obtain first: Registration, amendment and planning times and correspondence with recruitment, endpoints and reports were not verified in this work. - Further research: Material needed: Registration, amendment and planning times and correspondence with recruitment, endpoints and reports were not verified in this work. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Registration originals, amendments, plans and report correspondence must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Registration originals, amendments, plans and report correspondence with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N32 · Are funding/conflict declarations the same as combined roles? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Bilgihan's declaration of no external funding or conflicts is retained alongside combined instructor/assessor roles. Funding in the other 3 reports was unable to be verified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Support, contracts, training, analysis and publication involvement, current conflict disclosures and independent confirmation are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Support, contracts, involvement and role separation - Materials to obtain first: Support, contracts, training, analysis and publication involvement, current conflict disclosures and independent confirmation are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Support, contracts, training, analysis and publication involvement, current conflict disclosures and independent confirmation are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Support, contracts, involvement and role separation must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Support, contracts, involvement and role separation with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N33 · What material was actually read here? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The complete stored parent summary and selected question were read for production. External abstracts, full texts and registration materials were unread and access was not attempted in this work. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: External identity, content, availability and acquisition, measure-specific tables, models, plans and registration are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Stored summaries versus external originals - Materials to obtain first: External identity, content, availability and acquisition, measure-specific tables, models, plans and registration are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: External identity, content, availability and acquisition, measure-specific tables, models, plans and registration are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Stored summaries versus external originals must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Stored summaries versus external originals with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N34 · What do the evidence date and bibliographic years mean? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original evidence date is 2026-09-07 and the corrections list is empty. Bibliographies from 2026/2025/2021/2018 and registration concerns are retained as originally recorded. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The original search end date, historical access locations and times, and current external materials and correction details are unverified. The reference date is not a new external reading date. - Required materials and conditions: The original evidence reference date and historical reading records - Materials to obtain first: The original search end date, historical access locations and times, and current external materials and correction details are unverified. The reference date is not a new external reading date. - Further research: Material needed: The original search end date, historical access locations and times, and current external materials and correction details are unverified. The reference date is not a new external reading date. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for The original evidence reference date and historical reading records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects The original evidence reference date and historical reading records with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N35 · How are the selected question and parent explanation retained? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The selected English wording is Reduced perceived stress in nonclinical adults. Positive signals and no-intervention, prespecification and blinding limitations are separated from parent cortisol and treatment explanations. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Detailed external translation and correction comparisons and individual content review remain incomplete. No new selected score or status is created. - Required materials and conditions: Korean/English selected wording and outcome scope - Materials to obtain first: Detailed external translation and correction comparisons and individual content review remain incomplete. No new selected score or status is created. - Further research: Material needed: Detailed external translation and correction comparisons and individual content review remain incomplete. No new selected score or status is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Korean/English selected wording and outcome scope must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Korean/English selected wording and outcome scope with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N36 · Do parent assessment axes provide new certification for the selection? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The parent's unspecified precision, B/P/R1/I2/EX/B2, false flags, empty override and deliberation, and Korean/English originals are preserved internally. No new selected axes, score or status exist. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: No new formal selected assessment or precision, independence, prespecification or quality certification was performed. - Required materials and conditions: Parent records versus selected assessment - Materials to obtain first: No new formal selected assessment or precision, independence, prespecification or quality certification was performed. - Further research: Material needed: No new formal selected assessment or precision, independence, prespecification or quality certification was performed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Parent records versus selected assessment must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Parent records versus selected assessment with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N37 · Are boundaries involving dizziness and hyperventilation actual event tables? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original safety explanation notes insufficient arm-specific adverse-event and long-term safety numbers and boundaries involving hyperventilation, dizziness, abdominal pressure and pain. These are distinguished from actual reported-event tables. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific people and event counts, definitions, diagnoses, severity, active or spontaneous collection and missingness are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Harms definitions, collection and direct arm-specific data - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific people and event counts, definitions, diagnoses, severity, active or spontaneous collection and missingness are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific people and event counts, definitions, diagnoses, severity, active or spontaneous collection and missingness are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Harms definitions, collection and direct arm-specific data must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Harms definitions, collection and direct arm-specific data with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N38 · Are exposure, event, discontinuation and recovery times known? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Observation periods for single and repeated programs are not converted into harms onset or recovery times. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific events and actual exposure, onset, recovery, discontinuation, re-exposure and follow-up times are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific events, actual exposure and timing - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific events and actual exposure, onset, recovery, discontinuation, re-exposure and follow-up times are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific events and actual exposure, onset, recovery, discontinuation, re-exposure and follow-up times are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Arm-specific events, actual exposure and timing must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Arm-specific events, actual exposure and timing with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N39 · Can harms rates and comparative risks be determined? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Complete participation, analysis and total counts and large PSS statistics are not valid harms denominators or evidence of no events. No direct rates or comparative risks are calculated. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Arm-specific harms, people, event counts and duplicates, exposure, time, denominators, comparisons and confidence intervals are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Arm-specific events, people, time and valid denominators - Materials to obtain first: Arm-specific harms, people, event counts and duplicates, exposure, time, denominators, comparisons and confidence intervals are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Arm-specific harms, people, event counts and duplicates, exposure, time, denominators, comparisons and confidence intervals are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Arm-specific events, people, time and valid denominators must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Arm-specific events, people, time and valid denominators with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N40 · What about baseline conditions, concurrent activities and special populations? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original safety boundaries involving recent surgery, hernia and severe cardiopulmonary conditions are preserved in the internal original. No new medical or yoga practice instructions are created. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct population- and activity-specific events, alternative causes, long-term, rare and vulnerable-population information and risk magnitude are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Population- and activity-specific harms and alternative causes - Materials to obtain first: Direct population- and activity-specific events, alternative causes, long-term, rare and vulnerable-population information and risk magnitude are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Direct population- and activity-specific events, alternative causes, long-term, rare and vulnerable-population information and risk magnitude are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Population- and activity-specific harms and alternative causes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Population- and activity-specific harms and alternative causes with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N41 · Are shared reports summed as independent events? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Sharing materials across Korean/English versions, parent and subclaims does not add independent events. Insufficient safety numbers are not converted into no events. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Reporting, detection, selection, arm-specific losses, unique people, events and study families and the extent of all public data are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Overlap between reports, missingness, people and events - Materials to obtain first: Reporting, detection, selection, arm-specific losses, unique people, events and study families and the extent of all public data are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Reporting, detection, selection, arm-specific losses, unique people, events and study families and the extent of all public data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Overlap between reports, missingness, people and events must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Overlap between reports, missingness, people and events with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N42 · What do the signals and gaps establish? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Signals and gaps in existing selected C are retained. No new laughter-specific effect, cortisol normalization, depression/anxiety treatment claim or independent confirmation is created. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct PSS effects and confidence intervals, active social controls, prespecification, models, denominators, long-term outcomes and harms data remain needed. - Required materials and conditions: Direct PSS results and interpretation boundaries - Materials to obtain first: Direct PSS effects and confidence intervals, active social controls, prespecification, models, denominators, long-term outcomes and harms data remain needed. - Further research: Material needed: Direct PSS effects and confidence intervals, active social controls, prespecification, models, denominators, long-term outcomes and harms data remain needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Direct PSS results and interpretation boundaries must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct PSS results and interpretation boundaries with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N43 · Does linking methods documents complete content review? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Preserved methods, study-family and quality-rule documents are production copies. Linking them alone does not complete new clinical or methods review or approval. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Individual methods and external content review and quality testing were not performed; the existing pending-review state is retained. - Required materials and conditions: Production methodology materials and review status - Materials to obtain first: Individual methods and external content review and quality testing were not performed; the existing pending-review state is retained. - Further research: Material needed: Individual methods and external content review and quality testing were not performed; the existing pending-review state is retained. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Production methodology materials and review status must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Production methodology materials and review status with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ### N44 · What materials would update these gaps? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: This reader view distinguishes original signals, conflicting statements and gaps from parent context. The existing pending content-review state remains; no new verdict was made. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct PSS tables, estimates and confidence intervals, conflicting tests and models, active controls, schedules, registration, study overlap and exposure and harms materials are needed. - Required materials and conditions: Direct results, analysis plans, overlap and harms data - Materials to obtain first: Direct PSS tables, estimates and confidence intervals, conflicting tests and models, active controls, schedules, registration, study overlap and exposure and harms materials are needed. - Further research: Material needed: Direct PSS tables, estimates and confidence intervals, conflicting tests and models, active controls, schedules, registration, study overlap and exposure and harms materials are needed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Direct results, analysis plans, overlap and harms data must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Direct results, analysis plans, overlap and harms data with populations, programs, actual controls, measures, timing, denominators, models, prespecification, direct effects/CIs or harms for nonclinical perceived stress, distinguishing other mental-symptom measures, biomarkers and treatment claims. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, positive signals and no-intervention/prespecification/blinding gaps. Distinguish absent subclaim score/status/axes from parent C with 50 points, Unknown safety and unrecorded precision. Do not convert large F/P or partial-effect statistics to direct score differences, CIs, importance thresholds or laughter-specific effects. Do not transfer other measures, cortisol, video, brief exposure or original samples to the same PSS effects/denominators. Create no new effects, CIs, totals, independence/safety certification or yoga/medical instructions. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03, R04 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Bilgihan S, Dost A. The effect of laughter yoga on the general health status, perceived stress and burnout levels of psychiatric nurses: a randomized controlled study. Discover Psychology. 2026;6:200. DOI: 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4. [Official source](https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: PSS group-by-time F(1,68)=251.56, P<.001, partial eta-squared .787; trial and registration dates raised timing concerns Record level: PSS group-by-time context in 70 participants, 35 versus 35, all completed. Preserve no-intervention controls, combined instructor/assessor role and trial/registration-timing concerns. Do not turn large statistics into direct score differences/CIs, clinical importance or laughter-specific effects. Independent replication: The parent and perceived-stress, other mental-symptom and cortisol questions share four original reports. Preserve report-specific groups and sharing, but exact registration/recruitment/population relationships and unique-trial/participant/event totals remain unverified. Do not add arms, sessions or other sheets as new independent replication. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and trial/registration-timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. Identifiers, bibliography and no-external-funding/COI statements do not establish current full-text/registration reading or independence certification. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and trial/registration-timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. Identifiers, bibliography and no-external-funding/COI statements do not establish current full-text/registration reading or independence certification. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and trial/registration-timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. Identifiers, bibliography and no-external-funding/COI statements do not establish current full-text/registration reading or independence certification. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and trial/registration-timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. Identifiers, bibliography and no-external-funding/COI statements do not establish current full-text/registration reading or independence certification. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and trial/registration-timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. Identifiers, bibliography and no-external-funding/COI statements do not establish current full-text/registration reading or independence certification. | | Analysis plan, measures and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and trial/registration-timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. Identifiers, bibliography and no-external-funding/COI statements do not establish current full-text/registration reading or independence certification. | | Exposure, comparators and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and trial/registration-timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. Identifiers, bibliography and no-external-funding/COI statements do not establish current full-text/registration reading or independence certification. | | Support and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original DOI 10.1007/s44202-026-00725-4, NCT07015372 and trial/registration-timing concerns. PMID/PMCID are unrecorded. Identifiers, bibliography and no-external-funding/COI statements do not establish current full-text/registration reading or independence certification. | ### R02 Yaş MA, et al. The effect of laughter yoga on well-being, perceived stress, and academic self-efficacy in nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2025;17:e12610. PMID: 39415513. PMCID: PMC11635907. DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12610. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39415513/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: A null between-group abstract statement coexisted with a multivariate interaction F=10.69, P<.001; registration was retrospective Record level: 83 analyzed participants, 41 versus 42. Preserve the original coexistence of a null between-group abstract statement and main-text multivariate interaction, plus retrospective registration. Individual tests, PSS-specific effects/CIs and denominators are unverified; no new original-text comparison or conflict resolution occurred. Independent replication: The parent and perceived-stress, other mental-symptom and cortisol questions share four original reports. Preserve report-specific groups and sharing, but exact registration/recruitment/population relationships and unique-trial/participant/event totals remain unverified. Do not add arms, sessions or other sheets as new independent replication. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMCID PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610, NCT06175936, retrospective registration and coexisting statistical descriptions. Original registration content, exact PSS effects/CIs and support are unverified; no original-text comparison occurred now. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMCID PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610, NCT06175936, retrospective registration and coexisting statistical descriptions. Original registration content, exact PSS effects/CIs and support are unverified; no original-text comparison occurred now. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMCID PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610, NCT06175936, retrospective registration and coexisting statistical descriptions. Original registration content, exact PSS effects/CIs and support are unverified; no original-text comparison occurred now. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMCID PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610, NCT06175936, retrospective registration and coexisting statistical descriptions. Original registration content, exact PSS effects/CIs and support are unverified; no original-text comparison occurred now. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMCID PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610, NCT06175936, retrospective registration and coexisting statistical descriptions. Original registration content, exact PSS effects/CIs and support are unverified; no original-text comparison occurred now. | | Analysis plan, measures and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMCID PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610, NCT06175936, retrospective registration and coexisting statistical descriptions. Original registration content, exact PSS effects/CIs and support are unverified; no original-text comparison occurred now. | | Exposure, comparators and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMCID PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610, NCT06175936, retrospective registration and coexisting statistical descriptions. Original registration content, exact PSS effects/CIs and support are unverified; no original-text comparison occurred now. | | Support and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 39415513, PMCID PMC11635907, DOI 10.1111/aphw.12610, NCT06175936, retrospective registration and coexisting statistical descriptions. Original registration content, exact PSS effects/CIs and support are unverified; no original-text comparison occurred now. | ### R03 Ozturk FO, Tezel A. Effect of laughter yoga on mental symptoms and salivary cortisol levels in first-year nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract. 2021;27:e12924. PMID: 33580606. DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12924. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33580606/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: Mental symptoms favored intervention; cortisol was between-group positive in only 3 of 8 sessions Record level: Mental-symptom/cortisol context from 8 sessions in 75 first-year nursing students. Direct PSS measurement/values, arm/session denominators, plans and intervals are unverified. Do not transfer mental symptoms or session-level biomarkers to the same perceived-stress effect. Independent replication: The parent and perceived-stress, other mental-symptom and cortisol questions share four original reports. Preserve report-specific groups and sharing, but exact registration/recruitment/population relationships and unique-trial/participant/event totals remain unverified. Do not add arms, sessions or other sheets as new independent replication. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration/support are unverified. Do not turn mental-symptom/session-level cortisol summaries into original PSS results or current full-text reading. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration/support are unverified. Do not turn mental-symptom/session-level cortisol summaries into original PSS results or current full-text reading. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration/support are unverified. Do not turn mental-symptom/session-level cortisol summaries into original PSS results or current full-text reading. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration/support are unverified. Do not turn mental-symptom/session-level cortisol summaries into original PSS results or current full-text reading. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration/support are unverified. Do not turn mental-symptom/session-level cortisol summaries into original PSS results or current full-text reading. | | Analysis plan, measures and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration/support are unverified. Do not turn mental-symptom/session-level cortisol summaries into original PSS results or current full-text reading. | | Exposure, comparators and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration/support are unverified. Do not turn mental-symptom/session-level cortisol summaries into original PSS results or current full-text reading. | | Support and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 33580606 and DOI 10.1111/ijn.12924. PMCID is unrecorded; registration/support are unverified. Do not turn mental-symptom/session-level cortisol summaries into original PSS results or current full-text reading. | ### R04 Fujisawa A, et al. Effect of laughter yoga on salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone among healthy university students: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;32:6-11. PMID: 30057059. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30057059/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external materials unread Findings recorded in the summary: Cortisol changed over time, humorous video also changed it, and DHEA was null Record level: Acute 3-arm cortisol/DHEA context in 120 healthy university students. Video is a separate intervention; direct PSS measurement/effects, arm denominators, exact comparative CIs and long-term effects are unverified. Independent replication: The parent and perceived-stress, other mental-symptom and cortisol questions share four original reports. Preserve report-specific groups and sharing, but exact registration/recruitment/population relationships and unique-trial/participant/event totals remain unverified. Do not add arms, sessions or other sheets as new independent replication. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. Do not relabel UMIN as NCT or treat the identifier as current registration-content verification. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. Do not relabel UMIN as NCT or treat the identifier as current registration-content verification. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. Do not relabel UMIN as NCT or treat the identifier as current registration-content verification. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. Do not relabel UMIN as NCT or treat the identifier as current registration-content verification. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. Do not relabel UMIN as NCT or treat the identifier as current registration-content verification. | | Analysis plan, measures and denominators | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. Do not relabel UMIN as NCT or treat the identifier as current registration-content verification. | | Exposure, comparators and harms | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. Do not relabel UMIN as NCT or treat the identifier as current registration-content verification. | | Support and interests | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve original PMID 30057059, DOI 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.04.005 and UMIN000019409. PMCID is unrecorded; support and exact comparative CIs are unverified. Do not relabel UMIN as NCT or treat the identifier as current registration-content verification. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Met: Condition confirmed through user review; not used in this production - Partly verified: Partly recorded in preserved selected/parent summaries; selected-measure details, external verification and user review remain incomplete - Unverified: Exact values, denominators, procedures and harms are not established; this does not assert that all external materials omit them - Review incomplete: Content review pending; no individual content review or testing was performed in this production - Not reported: Limited to materials actually read; not a substitute for unread external materials - Inaccessible: Only for actual new access failures; distinct from unattempted access and historical narratives - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: Original selected-measure details and precision gaps; not a new grade - Not applicable: Only with an explicit question- or design-based reason - Conflicting data: Only when actual new conflicting materials are compared; this work preserves the original historical conflict narrative without content review ## Change history 2026-10-19 · Public page/materials 1.0. A public view and materials were prepared from the existing 44 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.