# Whey protein preload × acute or several-day postprandial glucose Verdict 2997 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-16 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: Stored material concerns adults with type 2 diabetes in a non-insulin-treated context. Acute 15-person and 7-day 18-person samples belong to separate reports and are not summed. Study-specific eligibility, baseline medication, HbA1c, renal/complication status and period-specific completion/analysis denominators are unverified. - Ingredient, formulation and route: Within the parent record’s whey preload 10–30 minutes before meals, preserve acute 50 g at 30 minutes before a meal and a premeal 15.6 g protein drink as research identifiers. Product, formulation and actual intake remain separately unverified. Whey plus guar and MCT plus WPI are different combination interventions. - Dose: Preserve only original acute 50 g and premeal 15.6 g protein-drink wording. Do not turn 15.6 g into total drink volume or an effective dose for all products. No new daily/cumulative doses, intake sequence or dosing instructions are calculated or created. - Comparator: Acute control-drink details are unverified. The 7-day test drink at approximately 100 kcal and control at approximately 34 kcal form a non-isocaloric comparison. This does not certify an isolated ingredient effect at equal calories; no new calorie difference or cumulative calories are calculated. - Measured outcome: Distinguish acute 180-minute glucose response 28% lower, insulin 105% higher and a GLP-1 increase. The 7-day glucose iAUC 1.6±0.6 versus 2.1±0.9/P=.003 is not the exact value/P for time metrics. Units, the meaning of ±, direct effects/CIs and denominators are unverified. Null primary 24-hour/daytime iAUC for MCT plus WPI is a separate combination result. - Duration: Distinguish 180 minutes after an acute meal from 7 days of free-living exposure. The combination report’s 24-hour/daytime endpoints do not establish long-term follow-up duration. Long-term whey-only HbA1c, complications, medication reduction and post-intervention effects are not directly established. - Questions outside this scope: Transferring acute/7-day surrogates or mechanistic hormones into long-term HbA1c, complications or medication reduction; Certifying a non-isocaloric comparison as an isolated ingredient effect at equal calories; Substituting MCT plus WPI or whey plus guar for whey alone; Summing shared reports, crossover periods or repeated measurements into new unique-trial, participant or independent-replication totals; Filling original subclaim-C missing values from parent C50, axes or a new verdict; Creating new effects, CIs, dose/calorie totals, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which short-term glucose claim is being checked? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The selected claim is lower acute or several-day postprandial glucose, originally graded C, with a note that two small studies reported positive signals. Absent subclaim score/status is distinguished from parent C50 and uncertain long-term benefit. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Material for the selected question's postprandial measures, times, direct comparisons and populations, plus boundary review. Do not fill the subclaim score from its parent. - Required materials and conditions: Selected acute or several-day postprandial glucose claim - Materials to obtain first: Material for the selected question's postprandial measures, times, direct comparisons and populations, plus boundary review. Do not fill the subclaim score from its parent. - Further research: Material needed: Material for the selected question's postprandial measures, times, direct comparisons and populations, plus boundary review. Do not fill the subclaim score from its parent. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Selected acute or several-day postprandial glucose claim must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Selected acute or several-day postprandial glucose claim with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N02 · What did the acute 15-person trial report for glucose? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Jakubowicz's randomized crossover trial in 15 participants used 50 g whey 30 minutes before a meal. Preserve the original 28% lower 180-minute glucose response; do not transfer this into a glucose concentration at a specific time or an absolute between-condition effect/CI. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The definition of the 180-minute response, original curves/measures, direct comparator, absolute effect/CI, exact P value and analysis denominator. No new absolute effect or numerical example is calculated from 28%. - Required materials and conditions: Original estimate of 180-minute glucose response - Materials to obtain first: The definition of the 180-minute response, original curves/measures, direct comparator, absolute effect/CI, exact P value and analysis denominator. No new absolute effect or numerical example is calculated from 28%. - Further research: Material needed: The definition of the 180-minute response, original curves/measures, direct comparator, absolute effect/CI, exact P value and analysis denominator. No new absolute effect or numerical example is calculated from 28%. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original estimate of 180-minute glucose response must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original estimate of 180-minute glucose response with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N03 · Are insulin and GLP-1 the same outcomes as glucose or complications? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The key report records glucose 28% lower and insulin 105% higher, with a GLP-1 increase. Insulin and GLP-1 are mechanistic outcomes; an exact GLP-1 value is not established by this summary. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Each hormone's times, denominators, effects/CIs and actual clinical outcomes. Do not transfer 105% into glucose reduction or complication prevention. - Required materials and conditions: Separate mechanistic hormones from postprandial glucose - Materials to obtain first: Each hormone's times, denominators, effects/CIs and actual clinical outcomes. Do not transfer 105% into glucose reduction or complication prevention. - Further research: Material needed: Each hormone's times, denominators, effects/CIs and actual clinical outcomes. Do not transfer 105% into glucose reduction or complication prevention. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Separate mechanistic hormones from postprandial glucose must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate mechanistic hormones from postprandial glucose with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N04 · What was the 7-day free-living iAUC result? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: In Smith's free-living crossover trial with 18 participants, iAUC was 1.6±0.6 versus 2.1±0.9, P=.003. Do not invent unrecorded units, between-condition differences, CIs or the meaning of ±. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: iAUC units/baseline, curve interval, analysis, direct between-condition CI, the type of ± statistic, period-specific denominators and missing data. - Required materials and conditions: Smith's 7-day postprandial glucose iAUC - Materials to obtain first: iAUC units/baseline, curve interval, analysis, direct between-condition CI, the type of ± statistic, period-specific denominators and missing data. - Further research: Material needed: iAUC units/baseline, curve interval, analysis, direct between-condition CI, the type of ± statistic, period-specific denominators and missing data. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Smith's 7-day postprandial glucose iAUC must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Smith's 7-day postprandial glucose iAUC with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N05 · Are time above range and iAUC distinct outcomes? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Smith's endpoint description lists postprandial glucose iAUC and time above range; the citation title mentions increased time in euglycemia. Exact time changes, range thresholds and outcome-specific effects/CIs are not established by this summary. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Definitions of high/normal glucose ranges, valid CGM time, missing data, outcome-specific effects/CIs and prespecified hierarchy. Do not copy iAUC P=.003 to other time metrics. - Required materials and conditions: Separate time above range, time in euglycemia and postprandial iAUC - Materials to obtain first: Definitions of high/normal glucose ranges, valid CGM time, missing data, outcome-specific effects/CIs and prespecified hierarchy. Do not copy iAUC P=.003 to other time metrics. - Further research: Material needed: Definitions of high/normal glucose ranges, valid CGM time, missing data, outcome-specific effects/CIs and prespecified hierarchy. Do not copy iAUC P=.003 to other time metrics. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Separate time above range, time in euglycemia and postprandial iAUC must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate time above range, time in euglycemia and postprandial iAUC with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N06 · Are acute 180-minute and 7-day measures the same time point? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The acute 180-minute and 7-day free-living studies have different times and designs. Parent duration is 180 minutes after a single meal; do not copy this to every 7-day outcome or long-term follow-up. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific time origins, meal/measurement windows, repeats, period-specific analysis denominators and post-intervention material. Do not turn short-term reduction into long-term HbA1c benefit. - Required materials and conditions: Time boundaries for one-meal response and several-day free-living exposure - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific time origins, meal/measurement windows, repeats, period-specific analysis denominators and post-intervention material. Do not turn short-term reduction into long-term HbA1c benefit. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific time origins, meal/measurement windows, repeats, period-specific analysis denominators and post-intervention material. Do not turn short-term reduction into long-term HbA1c benefit. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Time boundaries for one-meal response and several-day free-living exposure must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Time boundaries for one-meal response and several-day free-living exposure with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N07 · Were the formulation and protein amount the same? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The parent records acute 50 g and a premeal 15.6 g protein drink. Do not turn 15.6 g into total drink volume, an effective dose for all whey products or a long-term whey-only formulation. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific product/ingredient, protein content, manufacturing/formulation, comparator and actual exposure material. No new dose/total calculations or dosing instructions. - Required materials and conditions: Acute 50 g whey and a 15.6 g protein drink - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific product/ingredient, protein content, manufacturing/formulation, comparator and actual exposure material. No new dose/total calculations or dosing instructions. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific product/ingredient, protein content, manufacturing/formulation, comparator and actual exposure material. No new dose/total calculations or dosing instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Acute 50 g whey and a 15.6 g protein drink must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Acute 50 g whey and a 15.6 g protein drink with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N08 · Was the 7-day comparator isocaloric? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Stored wording states approximately 100 kcal for the 7-day test drink and approximately 34 kcal for control, with a non-isocaloric comparison. This does not certify an isolated protein effect at equal calories. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Test/control composition, calories, taste/blinding, meal compensation, total intake and activity changes. No new calorie difference or cumulative calories are calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Calories and nutritional composition of test/control drinks - Materials to obtain first: Test/control composition, calories, taste/blinding, meal compensation, total intake and activity changes. No new calorie difference or cumulative calories are calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Test/control composition, calories, taste/blinding, meal compensation, total intake and activity changes. No new calorie difference or cumulative calories are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Calories and nutritional composition of test/control drinks must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Calories and nutritional composition of test/control drinks with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N09 · Are preload timing and meal conditions linked? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The parent ingredient wording is preload 10–30 minutes before meals; the key acute trial used 30 minutes before a meal. Identical meals and detailed postprandial measurement/comparator conditions for each report remain separately unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific meal/preload times, meal composition, control procedures, measurement and adherence source material. Preserve research identifiers without creating an intake sequence or dosing instructions. - Required materials and conditions: Preload timing and meal/comparator conditions - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific meal/preload times, meal composition, control procedures, measurement and adherence source material. Preserve research identifiers without creating an intake sequence or dosing instructions. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific meal/preload times, meal composition, control procedures, measurement and adherence source material. Preserve research identifiers without creating an intake sequence or dosing instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Preload timing and meal/comparator conditions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Preload timing and meal/comparator conditions with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N10 · Were participants and glucose-lowering medications comparable? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The key study concerns 15 adults with type 2 diabetes, and the parent research description records non-insulin-treated adults. Study-specific baseline medication, renal/complication status, HbA1c and glucose details are unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific eligibility, baseline characteristics and medication/meal cointerventions. Do not establish effects in insulin-treated or other populations, or give medication-change instructions. - Required materials and conditions: Type 2 diabetes and non-insulin-treated population boundaries - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific eligibility, baseline characteristics and medication/meal cointerventions. Do not establish effects in insulin-treated or other populations, or give medication-change instructions. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific eligibility, baseline characteristics and medication/meal cointerventions. Do not establish effects in insulin-treated or other populations, or give medication-change instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Type 2 diabetes and non-insulin-treated population boundaries must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Type 2 diabetes and non-insulin-treated population boundaries with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N11 · Are original crossover denominators and period effects known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original sample sizes are 15 and 18 and both short-term studies use crossover designs. Sequence, washout, carryover, period effects, missing data/analysis denominators and measurement counts for every meal remain separately unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Allocation sequence, period-specific analysis populations, attrition, repeated-measures models and missing-measurement source material. Do not count repeats in the same people as new participants or independent trials. - Required materials and conditions: Crossover design, repeated measurements and denominators for 15/18 participants - Materials to obtain first: Allocation sequence, period-specific analysis populations, attrition, repeated-measures models and missing-measurement source material. Do not count repeats in the same people as new participants or independent trials. - Further research: Material needed: Allocation sequence, period-specific analysis populations, attrition, repeated-measures models and missing-measurement source material. Do not count repeats in the same people as new participants or independent trials. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Crossover design, repeated measurements and denominators for 15/18 participants must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Crossover design, repeated measurements and denominators for 15/18 participants with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N12 · Did registered and published primary outcomes agree? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The parent records a mismatch between the registered primary outcome and the published primary outcome in Smith, with a prespecified-hierarchy concern. ISRCTN17563146 alone does not establish which endpoints/times differed in this work. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Registration dates/change history, protocol/SAP, original published outcome wording and the exact mismatch. Preserve the historical mismatch without new registry verification or regrading. - Required materials and conditions: Historical Smith registered/published outcome-hierarchy mismatch - Materials to obtain first: Registration dates/change history, protocol/SAP, original published outcome wording and the exact mismatch. Preserve the historical mismatch without new registry verification or regrading. - Further research: Material needed: Registration dates/change history, protocol/SAP, original published outcome wording and the exact mismatch. Preserve the historical mismatch without new registry verification or regrading. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Historical Smith registered/published outcome-hierarchy mismatch must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Historical Smith registered/published outcome-hierarchy mismatch with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N13 · Is null primary iAUC for MCT plus WPI a whey-only result? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Zameer 2025 is an MCT-plus-WPI crossover trial recording null primary 24-hour/daytime glucose iAUC. Do not substitute it for the same formulation or a direct contrary effect in the short-term whey-only question. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Product/components, comparator, duration, population/denominators, each primary iAUC effect/CI and exact P value. Null findings do not create equivalence, zero effect or a whey-only conclusion. - Required materials and conditions: 24-hour/daytime endpoints of combined MCT plus WPI - Materials to obtain first: Product/components, comparator, duration, population/denominators, each primary iAUC effect/CI and exact P value. Null findings do not create equivalence, zero effect or a whey-only conclusion. - Further research: Material needed: Product/components, comparator, duration, population/denominators, each primary iAUC effect/CI and exact P value. Null findings do not create equivalence, zero effect or a whey-only conclusion. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for 24-hour/daytime endpoints of combined MCT plus WPI must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects 24-hour/daytime endpoints of combined MCT plus WPI with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R03 ### N14 · Is the longer whey-plus-guar report identified? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The parent mentions whey plus guar in longer-term material, but the current three evidence/citation reports do not separately identify that guar report's bibliography, duration, denominator or effect. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The original guar-combination bibliography, components, duration, results, denominators and isolated contribution. Do not create trial, participant or effect numbers for an unidentified report. - Required materials and conditions: Combined long-term material versus whey-only/report identification - Materials to obtain first: The original guar-combination bibliography, components, duration, results, denominators and isolated contribution. Do not create trial, participant or effect numbers for an unidentified report. - Further research: Material needed: The original guar-combination bibliography, components, duration, results, denominators and isolated contribution. Do not create trial, participant or effect numbers for an unidentified report. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Combined long-term material versus whey-only/report identification must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Combined long-term material versus whey-only/report identification with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: ### N15 · Do short-term glucose findings establish long-term HbA1c or complications? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The other existing subclaim grades long-term whey-only HbA1c/complication benefit ? and notes combination interventions in longer trials. Do not transfer short-term glucose, insulin or GLP-1 changes into those clinical outcomes or medication reduction. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct long-term whey-only HbA1c, clinical-complication and medication outcomes, comparisons/CIs and denominators. No new diabetes-treatment/medication-replacement conclusions or instructions. - Required materials and conditions: Postprandial surrogates, long-term whey-only benefit and medication-replacement boundaries - Materials to obtain first: Direct long-term whey-only HbA1c, clinical-complication and medication outcomes, comparisons/CIs and denominators. No new diabetes-treatment/medication-replacement conclusions or instructions. - Further research: Material needed: Direct long-term whey-only HbA1c, clinical-complication and medication outcomes, comparisons/CIs and denominators. No new diabetes-treatment/medication-replacement conclusions or instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Postprandial surrogates, long-term whey-only benefit and medication-replacement boundaries must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Postprandial surrogates, long-term whey-only benefit and medication-replacement boundaries with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N16 · Do unverified effects/CIs and statistical units remain explicit? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Retain original scope for 28% glucose response, 105% insulin, and iAUC 1.6±0.6 versus 2.1±0.9/P=.003. Units, the meaning of ±, absolute between-condition effects/CIs and exact P values for each comparison are not all supplied at the same level. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original tables, models, units, variance definitions, CIs and measurement times/denominators for each outcome. No invented numbers, new effects/intervals or unit conversions. - Required materials and conditions: Distinguish relative response, iAUC, ± values and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Original tables, models, units, variance definitions, CIs and measurement times/denominators for each outcome. No invented numbers, new effects/intervals or unit conversions. - Further research: Material needed: Original tables, models, units, variance definitions, CIs and measurement times/denominators for each outcome. No invented numbers, new effects/intervals or unit conversions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Distinguish relative response, iAUC, ± values and denominators must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Distinguish relative response, iAUC, ± values and denominators with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N17 · Does the same direction establish strict independent replication? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The parent's counterview records supporting postprandial direction in different short designs while retaining small-sample, industry, calorie and combination limitations. Preserve parent R1/I0 without certifying new independent replication. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Independent studies addressing the same question, formulation, calories/comparator, population and prespecified outcomes, plus funding/analysis roles. No new pooled effect, unique-trial count or participant total. - Required materials and conditions: Short-term designs, industry involvement and combination differences - Materials to obtain first: Independent studies addressing the same question, formulation, calories/comparator, population and prespecified outcomes, plus funding/analysis roles. No new pooled effect, unique-trial count or participant total. - Further research: Material needed: Independent studies addressing the same question, formulation, calories/comparator, population and prespecified outcomes, plus funding/analysis roles. No new pooled effect, unique-trial count or participant total. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Short-term designs, industry involvement and combination differences must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Short-term designs, industry involvement and combination differences with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N18 · Are shared reports/populations counted as new independent trials? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Parent 2997 and existing subclaims share the context of the same three reports. Sheet/report counts, crossover periods, subgroups and repeated measurements are not summed into new independent trials or participants. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original study/report identities, cohorts and analysis-population links. Unique-trial and unique-participant totals are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Shared parent, subclaim, report and cohort relationships - Materials to obtain first: Original study/report identities, cohorts and analysis-population links. Unique-trial and unique-participant totals are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Original study/report identities, cohorts and analysis-population links. Unique-trial and unique-participant totals are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Shared parent, subclaim, report and cohort relationships must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Shared parent, subclaim, report and cohort relationships with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N19 · Which materials were actually read? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The complete parent summary is read for production and preserved as a complete byte copy. External abstracts, full texts, registration and protocols/SAPs are unread. URLs, PMCIDs or registration identifiers do not establish actual reading or successful access. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Actually acquired original papers, supplements, registration/plans and reading records. No separate external link/screen tests or new lookup. - Required materials and conditions: Stored parent summary versus external access - Materials to obtain first: Actually acquired original papers, supplements, registration/plans and reading records. No separate external link/screen tests or new lookup. - Further research: Material needed: Actually acquired original papers, supplements, registration/plans and reading records. No separate external link/screen tests or new lookup. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Stored parent summary versus external access must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Stored parent summary versus external access with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N20 · Where are original bibliography and registry identifiers recorded? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Link original citation PMIDs, PMCIDs, DOIs and PubMed URLs unchanged. Preserve evidence NCT/ISRCTN wording separately from absent registration wording in citations. No new registry URLs are inferred from identifiers. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Paper-registry identity, dates and content. A registration identifier does not prove prospective status or actual reading. - Required materials and conditions: Evidence registration field versus citation bibliography - Materials to obtain first: Paper-registry identity, dates and content. A registration identifier does not prove prospective status or actual reading. - Further research: Material needed: Paper-registry identity, dates and content. A registration identifier does not prove prospective status or actual reading. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Evidence registration field versus citation bibliography must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Evidence registration field versus citation bibliography with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N21 · What is the scope of historical verification wording? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Preserve selected claim/note, parent Korean/English, historical cross-check wording and citation statements that findings were checked. This work prepares materials; review of existing content and claim boundaries remains incomplete. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Review of originals, translation and corrections. Do not label historical verification as a new completed clinical review or independent clinical validation. - Required materials and conditions: Original Korean/English, subclaim notes and historical cross-check wording - Materials to obtain first: Review of originals, translation and corrections. Do not label historical verification as a new completed clinical review or independent clinical validation. - Further research: Material needed: Review of originals, translation and corrections. Do not label historical verification as a new completed clinical review or independent clinical validation. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original Korean/English, subclaim notes and historical cross-check wording must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original Korean/English, subclaim notes and historical cross-check wording with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N22 · Are selected-subclaim values separate from parent score and axes? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Preserve original selected grade/note and leave absent subclaim score/status unrecorded. Parent C50/Caution and all axes, including unrecorded precision, remain parent context and do not fill the selected short-term glucose score/axes or certify independence. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Review of the selected question, original values and parent boundary. No new scores, axes, efficacy grades or verdict changes. - Required materials and conditions: Original subclaim grade/note, absent score/status and parent context - Materials to obtain first: Review of the selected question, original values and parent boundary. No new scores, axes, efficacy grades or verdict changes. - Further research: Material needed: Review of the selected question, original values and parent boundary. No new scores, axes, efficacy grades or verdict changes. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original subclaim grade/note, absent score/status and parent context must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original subclaim grade/note, absent score/status and parent context with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N23 · What are the original evidence date and empty correction history? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original evidence date is 2026-09-07, corrections are an empty list and deliberation is an empty string. Distinguish these from production/review dates without certifying absence of external corrections. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Actual corrections/follow-up material and original/change records when acquired. Existing wording and dates are preserved. - Required materials and conditions: Separate evidence date, corrections and production date - Materials to obtain first: Actual corrections/follow-up material and original/change records when acquired. Existing wording and dates are preserved. - Further research: Material needed: Actual corrections/follow-up material and original/change records when acquired. Existing wording and dates are preserved. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Separate evidence date, corrections and production date must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate evidence date, corrections and production date with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N24 · Are funding, product support, employee authors and analysis roles distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Jakubowicz records health-ministry/Milk Council support, Smith product/industry support and investigator involvement, and Zameer mixed academic/product-related support. Investigator involvement does not automatically establish employee authorship; analysis/reporting roles and product-support details remain separately unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Each report's original funding, product/device support, author affiliations and analysis/publication roles. Do not upgrade parent independence axes into new certification. - Required materials and conditions: Four report-specific industry/support aspects - Materials to obtain first: Each report's original funding, product/device support, author affiliations and analysis/publication roles. Do not upgrade parent independence axes into new certification. - Further research: Material needed: Each report's original funding, product/device support, author affiliations and analysis/publication roles. Do not upgrade parent independence axes into new certification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Four report-specific industry/support aspects must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Four report-specific industry/support aspects with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N25 · Are allocation, blinding, measurement and selective reporting known? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Preserve crossover design, calorie imbalance and outcome-hierarchy issues. Allocation concealment, sequence/period effects, blinding, CGM/glucose measurement, missing data and selective-reporting details remain separately unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Methods, registration/protocol/SAP, original analysis tables and change history. A design label does not establish official RoB/GRADE certification or completed review. - Required materials and conditions: Original study designs and detailed bias conditions - Materials to obtain first: Methods, registration/protocol/SAP, original analysis tables and change history. A design label does not establish official RoB/GRADE certification or completed review. - Further research: Material needed: Methods, registration/protocol/SAP, original analysis tables and change history. A design label does not establish official RoB/GRADE certification or completed review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original study designs and detailed bias conditions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original study designs and detailed bias conditions with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N26 · Are adherence, cointerventions and actual exposure preserved? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Preserve original premeal formulation/content, calorie imbalance and combinations as research identifiers. Actual intake adherence, other meals, medication and total-exposure details remain unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original cointervention, adherence, exposure and intervention-deviation material. No new totals/repetition counts, cumulative-exposure calculations or dosing instructions. - Required materials and conditions: Actual intervention, control and shared management by report - Materials to obtain first: Original cointervention, adherence, exposure and intervention-deviation material. No new totals/repetition counts, cumulative-exposure calculations or dosing instructions. - Further research: Material needed: Original cointervention, adherence, exposure and intervention-deviation material. No new totals/repetition counts, cumulative-exposure calculations or dosing instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Actual intervention, control and shared management by report must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Actual intervention, control and shared management by report with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N27 · Are original safety cautions separate from actual harm collection? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Parent safety wording concerning milk-protein allergy and glucose-lowering medication/meal changes is original context. Actual allergy/hypoglycemia event counts, collection methods, arm-specific exposure denominators and CIs remain separately unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific harm definitions, collection, severity, exposure/denominators, attrition and shared management. Do not turn original cautions into no-harm claims, new safety certification or treatment instructions. - Required materials and conditions: Harm definitions, collection, comparators and exposure denominators - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific harm definitions, collection, severity, exposure/denominators, attrition and shared management. Do not turn original cautions into no-harm claims, new safety certification or treatment instructions. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific harm definitions, collection, severity, exposure/denominators, attrition and shared management. Do not turn original cautions into no-harm claims, new safety certification or treatment instructions. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Harm definitions, collection, comparators and exposure denominators must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Harm definitions, collection, comparators and exposure denominators with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N28 · Are long-term/rare harms and post-intervention outcomes available? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Acute/7-day glucose signals and combination context do not establish long-term whey-only effects or rare allergy/hypoglycemia incidence. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Actual long-term/harm follow-up, exposure duration, outcome-specific denominators and report links. Unread/unverified is not zero events or established safety. - Required materials and conditions: Short-term scope versus long-term/rare harms - Materials to obtain first: Actual long-term/harm follow-up, exposure duration, outcome-specific denominators and report links. Unread/unverified is not zero events or established safety. - Further research: Material needed: Actual long-term/harm follow-up, exposure duration, outcome-specific denominators and report links. Unread/unverified is not zero events or established safety. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Short-term scope versus long-term/rare harms must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Short-term scope versus long-term/rare harms with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ### N29 · Which new materials would prompt an update to this table? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: This is a production table from stored material for short-term postprandial glucose. Rows and links can be updated after original papers, endpoints/times, denominators, actual comparators, shared reports and support/harm material are reviewed. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Complete prechange preservation, original materials, condition versions, separate application and review records. No new searches, calculations, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Required materials and conditions: Conditions, observations, original material and verdict-change events - Materials to obtain first: Complete prechange preservation, original materials, condition versions, separate application and review records. No new searches, calculations, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Further research: Material needed: Complete prechange preservation, original materials, condition versions, separate application and review records. No new searches, calculations, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Separate conditions, observations, originals and verdict-change events must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate conditions, observations, originals and verdict-change events with short-term postprandial glucose for whey, report-specific populations and denominators, acute versus several-day exposure, comparator calories, glucose versus hormones, outcome hierarchy, combinations, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original subclaim C, the two-small-study positive-signal note and absent score, status and axes. Distinguish acute 180-minute and 7-day exposure, 28% lower glucose versus 105% higher insulin, and iAUC versus time metrics. Retain calorie imbalance, outcome-hierarchy mismatch, combinations, industry involvement and unverified details; create no new effects, CIs, totals, grades, independence certification, dosing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02, R03 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Jakubowicz D, Froy O, Ahrén B, et al. Incretin, insulinotropic and glucose-lowering effects of whey protein pre-load in type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia. 2014;57:1807-1811. PMID: 25005331. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25005331/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread Findings recorded in the summary: Glucose response 28% lower; insulin 105% higher Record level: Acute report for the selected short-term question. Preserve original scope of 15 adults with type 2 diabetes, 50 g, 30 minutes before a meal and 180-minute response, with glucose 28% lower/insulin 105% higher. Exact GLP-1 values, glucose concentrations at specific times, direct effects/CIs, exact P values and denominators are unverified. Independent replication: Parent 2997 and both subclaim sheets share the context of the same three reports. Acute/7-day whey and MCT-plus-WPI combinations are not certified as independent replication of the same intervention. Reports, sheets, crossover periods, repeated measurements and subgroups are not summed into new trials or participants; unique-trial/participant totals, cohort relationships and independence are unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 25005331, DOI 10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x and PMCID unrecorded. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT01571622 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 25005331, DOI 10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x and PMCID unrecorded. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT01571622 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 25005331, DOI 10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x and PMCID unrecorded. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT01571622 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 25005331, DOI 10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x and PMCID unrecorded. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT01571622 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 25005331, DOI 10.1007/s00125-014-3305-x and PMCID unrecorded. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT01571622 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | ### R02 Smith K, Taylor GS, Allerton DM, et al. Thrice daily consumption of a novel, premeal shot containing a low dose of whey protein increases time in euglycemia during 7 days of free-living in individuals with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10:e002820. PMID: 35618446. PMCID: PMC9137348. DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002820. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35618446/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread Findings recorded in the summary: iAUC 1.6±0.6 versus 2.1±0.9, P=.003 Record level: Separate 7-day free-living report for the selected short-term question. Distinguish 18 participants, a premeal 15.6 g protein drink and iAUC 1.6±0.6 versus 2.1±0.9/P=.003 from approximately 100 kcal versus 34 kcal calorie imbalance and the original registered/published primary-outcome mismatch. iAUC units, the meaning of ±, CIs, time-metric values and the exact mismatched endpoints are unverified. Independent replication: Parent 2997 and both subclaim sheets share the context of the same three reports. Acute/7-day whey and MCT-plus-WPI combinations are not certified as independent replication of the same intervention. Reports, sheets, crossover periods, repeated measurements and subgroups are not summed into new trials or participants; unique-trial/participant totals, cohort relationships and independence are unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 35618446, DOI 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002820 and PMCID PMC9137348. Distinguish evidence registration field ISRCTN17563146 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 35618446, DOI 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002820 and PMCID PMC9137348. Distinguish evidence registration field ISRCTN17563146 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 35618446, DOI 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002820 and PMCID PMC9137348. Distinguish evidence registration field ISRCTN17563146 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 35618446, DOI 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002820 and PMCID PMC9137348. Distinguish evidence registration field ISRCTN17563146 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 35618446, DOI 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-002820 and PMCID PMC9137348. Distinguish evidence registration field ISRCTN17563146 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | ### R03 Zameer R, et al. Effect of medium-chain triglycerides and whey protein isolate preloads on glycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. PMID: 39732398. PMCID: PMC11863336. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39732398/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread Findings recorded in the summary: Primary iAUC outcomes were null Record level: Background report of an MCT-plus-WPI combination. Preserve null primary 24-hour/daytime glucose iAUC without turning it into the same whey-only comparison, zero effect, equivalence or a long-term whey-only conclusion. Exact sample size, intervention duration, effects/CIs, P values and denominators are unverified. Independent replication: Parent 2997 and both subclaim sheets share the context of the same three reports. Acute/7-day whey and MCT-plus-WPI combinations are not certified as independent replication of the same intervention. Reports, sheets, crossover periods, repeated measurements and subgroups are not summed into new trials or participants; unique-trial/participant totals, cohort relationships and independence are unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 39732398, DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022 and PMCID PMC11863336. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT04905589 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 39732398, DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022 and PMCID PMC11863336. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT04905589 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 39732398, DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022 and PMCID PMC11863336. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT04905589 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 39732398, DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022 and PMCID PMC11863336. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT04905589 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | | Protocol and analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 39732398, DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.022 and PMCID PMC11863336. Distinguish evidence registration field NCT04905589 from unrecorded registration wording in the citation. No new URL, prospective registration status or actual reading is inferred from identifiers. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Some information is present in the stored source, with detailed original materials still unverified; this does not mean review passed or clinical efficacy certified - Unverified: Detailed materials for the selected condition could not be established within the stored scope; this does not mean zero effect, zero studies or safety - Review incomplete: Awaiting user review - Met: Use only within the relevant condition's scope after user review; no automatic display in this preparation - Not reported: Distinguish only within materials actually read; do not turn unread external materials into unreported findings - Inaccessible: Not applied during this preparation because actual access was not tested - Not applicable: Use with a reason for non-applicability based on an explicit question boundary - Conflicting data: Judge after actual material comparison; review was not performed during this preparation - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: Do not use as a clinical grade encompassing currently unread materials ## Change history 2026-10-16 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public pages and materials were created from the existing 29 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change or scoring was performed.