# Static standing × same-day iAUC in selected women Verdict 2995 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-16 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The positive Henson sample comprised 22 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with dysglycemia. The related Yates analysis of 60 participants concerns a different older population, described bibliographically as South Asians and White Europeans. Exact eligibility, ages, baseline values and condition-specific denominators are unverified; findings are not extended to everyone with established diabetes. - Ingredient, formulation and route: The original research exposure was motionless static standing for five minutes every 30 minutes during a 7.5-hour day. It is distinguished from walking and the eight-week height-adjustable-desk question. The research record is not turned into personal standing/exercise instructions or a prescription. - Dose: Preserve only the original recorded total of 60 minutes per day. Actual condition-specific adherence, movement, meals and concurrent activity are unverified. No frequency, total exposure, dose conversion or new schedule is calculated. - Comparator: The direct comparator was uninterrupted sitting. Walking is a different activity condition and its effects are not transferred to standing. A nonsignificant walking-versus-standing contrast does not prove equivalence. Details of condition-specific direct contrasts, order, washout and concurrent management are unverified. - Measured outcome: First-day glucose iAUC was 5.3±0.8 with sitting versus 3.5±0.8 mmol/L·h with standing (P=.022), with an original −34% record; insulin iAUC was 548.2±71.8 versus 437.2±73.5 mU/L·h (P=.045), with an original −20% record. Registered endpoint AUC and reported iAUC wording remain distinct. The meaning of ±, direct CIs, models and condition-specific denominators are unverified; no new differences or CIs are calculated. - Duration: Distinguish first-day findings during a single 7.5-hour laboratory day from null next-day insulin. The exact next-day glucose result is unverified. Long-term HbA1c and diabetes complications in the other subclaim were not measured by the original acute trials; the same-day signal is not extended to long-term management, prevention or treatment. - Questions outside this scope: Extending findings in selected postmenopausal women with dysglycemia to all overweight adults or everyone with established diabetes; Transferring first-day glucose/insulin iAUC to next-day or long-term HbA1c/complications outcomes or single-time-point concentrations; Treating walking effects as standing effects or certifying nonsignificant/null findings as equivalence or zero effect; Reading ± values as CIs or calculating new absolute differences, effects, confidence intervals, unique-trial/participant totals or exposure totals; Inheriting parent C54/Unknown, I2, registered-primary wording or historical checks as absent subclaim values, current review, prospective status or independence certification; Treating the eight-week desk question as identical exposure or generating standing/exercise instructions, medication changes or diabetes treatment guidance ## Checklist items ### N01 · Which same-day iAUC claim is being checked? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The existing subclaim is lower same-day postprandial iAUC in selected overweight women, originally graded C, with a glucose −34%/insulin −20% note. Subclaim score and safety status are unrecorded and remain distinct from the broader parent C54 question. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original materials identifying the selected population, static standing, comparator, endpoint/time and claim boundaries. The parent score is not used to fill the absent subclaim score. - Required materials and conditions: Same-day postprandial iAUC in selected overweight women - Materials to obtain first: Original materials identifying the selected population, static standing, comparator, endpoint/time and claim boundaries. The parent score is not used to fill the absent subclaim score. - Further research: Material needed: Original materials identifying the selected population, static standing, comparator, endpoint/time and claim boundaries. The parent score is not used to fill the absent subclaim score. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Same-day postprandial iAUC in selected overweight women must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Same-day postprandial iAUC in selected overweight women with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N02 · Who comprised the positive sample? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The positive Henson sample comprised 22 overweight or obese postmenopausal women with dysglycemia. This does not establish the same effect in everyone with established diabetes or in all overweight adults. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original eligibility, menopause/glycemia criteria, baseline glucose, medications, comorbidities, ability-to-stand criteria and subgroup denominators. - Required materials and conditions: Overweight or obese postmenopausal women with dysglycemia - Materials to obtain first: Original eligibility, menopause/glycemia criteria, baseline glucose, medications, comorbidities, ability-to-stand criteria and subgroup denominators. - Further research: Material needed: Original eligibility, menopause/glycemia criteria, baseline glucose, medications, comorbidities, ability-to-stand criteria and subgroup denominators. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Overweight or obese postmenopausal women with dysglycemia must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Overweight or obese postmenopausal women with dysglycemia with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N03 · What was the first-day glucose iAUC result? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original values were 5.3±0.8 with uninterrupted sitting versus 3.5±0.8 mmol/L·h with standing, P=.022, with a −34% record. These are not converted into a single-time-point glucose concentration or used to calculate a new absolute between-condition difference or CI. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: iAUC baseline/integration interval, model, condition-specific analysis denominators, direct between-condition estimate/CI and the meaning of ±. - Required materials and conditions: Henson first-day glucose iAUC and direct comparison - Materials to obtain first: iAUC baseline/integration interval, model, condition-specific analysis denominators, direct between-condition estimate/CI and the meaning of ±. - Further research: Material needed: iAUC baseline/integration interval, model, condition-specific analysis denominators, direct between-condition estimate/CI and the meaning of ±. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Henson first-day glucose iAUC and direct comparison must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Henson first-day glucose iAUC and direct comparison with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N04 · Is first-day insulin iAUC a separate endpoint? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original values were 548.2±71.8 versus 437.2±73.5 mU/L·h, P=.045, with a −20% record. These differ from glucose iAUC values/P and are not transferred into insulin concentrations or complication effects. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Insulin iAUC definition, original curves, model, denominators, direct CI, meaning of ±, endpoint hierarchy and relationship to glucose. - Required materials and conditions: Henson first-day insulin iAUC - Materials to obtain first: Insulin iAUC definition, original curves, model, denominators, direct CI, meaning of ±, endpoint hierarchy and relationship to glucose. - Further research: Material needed: Insulin iAUC definition, original curves, model, denominators, direct CI, meaning of ±, endpoint hierarchy and relationship to glucose. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Henson first-day insulin iAUC must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Henson first-day insulin iAUC with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N05 · Were next-day findings the same? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original account records a null next-day insulin difference. First-day positive glucose/insulin findings are not copied into the next day; the exact next-day glucose result, values and P are unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Next-day conditions, denominators, effects, CIs, P values and original tables for each endpoint. Null findings do not establish zero difference or absence of long-term effects. - Required materials and conditions: First-day positive findings versus null next-day insulin - Materials to obtain first: Next-day conditions, denominators, effects, CIs, P values and original tables for each endpoint. Null findings do not establish zero difference or absence of long-term effects. - Further research: Material needed: Next-day conditions, denominators, effects, CIs, P values and original tables for each endpoint. Null findings do not establish zero difference or absence of long-term effects. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for First-day positive findings versus null next-day insulin must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects First-day positive findings versus null next-day insulin with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N06 · What did the related older-adult trial find for standing alone? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The Yates acute crossover trial records 60 analyzed and null standing-versus-uninterrupted-sitting findings for primary insulin and glucose. Exact effects, CIs, P values and condition-specific analysis denominators are unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original result tables, primary-endpoint hierarchy, population/condition denominators, effects, CIs, P values and missing data. Null findings do not prove zero effect or equivalence. - Required materials and conditions: Primary insulin and glucose in the 60 analyzed by Yates - Materials to obtain first: Original result tables, primary-endpoint hierarchy, population/condition denominators, effects, CIs, P values and missing data. Null findings do not prove zero effect or equivalence. - Further research: Material needed: Original result tables, primary-endpoint hierarchy, population/condition denominators, effects, CIs, P values and missing data. Null findings do not prove zero effect or equivalence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Primary insulin and glucose in the 60 analyzed by Yates must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Primary insulin and glucose in the 60 analyzed by Yates with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R02 ### N07 · How are standing and walking separated? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original account describes walking as more consistently favorable. A nonsignificant walking-versus-standing contrast does not prove equivalence, and walking effects are not transferred to standing. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Activity-specific direct comparisons, effects/CIs, prespecified equivalence criteria, denominators and actual activity records. No new activity instructions are written. - Required materials and conditions: Activity type, direct comparisons and equivalence boundaries - Materials to obtain first: Activity-specific direct comparisons, effects/CIs, prespecified equivalence criteria, denominators and actual activity records. No new activity instructions are written. - Further research: Material needed: Activity-specific direct comparisons, effects/CIs, prespecified equivalence criteria, denominators and actual activity records. No new activity instructions are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Activity type, direct comparisons and equivalence boundaries must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Activity type, direct comparisons and equivalence boundaries with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N08 · What was the original static-standing exposure? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original record describes five minutes of standing every 30 minutes during 7.5 hours and an already recorded total of 60 minutes of motionless standing per day. Only the preserved total is retained; frequency/exposure is not newly calculated and no implementation instructions are created. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Actual protocol, movement/standing verification, meals, concurrent activity, adherence and exposure data. Height-adjustable desks and walking are not substituted. - Required materials and conditions: Identification of motionless standing, laboratory day and comparator - Materials to obtain first: Actual protocol, movement/standing verification, meals, concurrent activity, adherence and exposure data. Height-adjustable desks and walking are not substituted. - Further research: Material needed: Actual protocol, movement/standing verification, meals, concurrent activity, adherence and exposure data. Height-adjustable desks and walking are not substituted. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Identification of motionless standing, laboratory day and comparator must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Identification of motionless standing, laboratory day and comparator with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N09 · Did all 22 participants complete every condition? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Henson was a randomized acute incomplete-crossover trial in which 22 participants experienced two of uninterrupted sitting, standing and walking. They are not presented as a denominator completing all three conditions. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Condition combinations/order, washout, period effects, valid condition-specific denominators and allocation/analysis flow. Repeated crossover observations are not counted as additional participants. - Required materials and conditions: Incomplete crossover and condition-specific analysis denominators - Materials to obtain first: Condition combinations/order, washout, period effects, valid condition-specific denominators and allocation/analysis flow. Repeated crossover observations are not counted as additional participants. - Further research: Material needed: Condition combinations/order, washout, period effects, valid condition-specific denominators and allocation/analysis flow. Repeated crossover observations are not counted as additional participants. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Incomplete crossover and condition-specific analysis denominators must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Incomplete crossover and condition-specific analysis denominators with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N10 · Do registered AUC and reported iAUC have matching definitions? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original evidence endpoint is registered primary postprandial glucose AUC, while results and explanations use glucose iAUC. Both wordings are preserved; matching definitions are not established through a new external registry/paper comparison. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original registered endpoint, AUC/iAUC definitions, baseline/negative-area handling, SAP and analysis tables. No arbitrary terminology correction or new discrepancy verdict is created. - Required materials and conditions: AUC/iAUC wording and endpoint definitions - Materials to obtain first: Original registered endpoint, AUC/iAUC definitions, baseline/negative-area handling, SAP and analysis tables. No arbitrary terminology correction or new discrepancy verdict is created. - Further research: Material needed: Original registered endpoint, AUC/iAUC definitions, baseline/negative-area handling, SAP and analysis tables. No arbitrary terminology correction or new discrepancy verdict is created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for AUC/iAUC wording and endpoint definitions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects AUC/iAUC wording and endpoint definitions with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N11 · Were the positive and null populations identical? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The positive population was overweight postmenopausal women with dysglycemia; the related analysis of 60 concerns a different older population. The Yates bibliography records older South Asians and White Europeans. Findings in another population from the same research team are not copied into the selected population. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report-specific eligibility, sex, age, glycemia, ethnic background, baseline values, denominators and prespecified effect-modification analyses. Conflicting directions and parent R0 are retained. - Required materials and conditions: Selected women versus a different older population - Materials to obtain first: Report-specific eligibility, sex, age, glycemia, ethnic background, baseline values, denominators and prespecified effect-modification analyses. Conflicting directions and parent R0 are retained. - Further research: Material needed: Report-specific eligibility, sex, age, glycemia, ethnic background, baseline values, denominators and prespecified effect-modification analyses. Conflicting directions and parent R0 are retained. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Selected women versus a different older population must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Selected women versus a different older population with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N12 · Are registered-primary and retrospective-registration statements distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Henson is described as a registered-primary positive signal, but the citation note flags retrospective registration. NCT02135172/NCT02453204 are original citation identifiers; registration dates, changes and prospective status are unread in this work. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Initial/changed registration dates, protocols, SAPs, actual start/result-report dates and endpoint hierarchy. Registered-primary wording alone does not certify preregistration or plan adherence. - Required materials and conditions: Registry identifiers, timing, prospective status and endpoint hierarchy - Materials to obtain first: Initial/changed registration dates, protocols, SAPs, actual start/result-report dates and endpoint hierarchy. Registered-primary wording alone does not certify preregistration or plan adherence. - Further research: Material needed: Initial/changed registration dates, protocols, SAPs, actual start/result-report dates and endpoint hierarchy. Registered-primary wording alone does not certify preregistration or plan adherence. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Registry identifiers, timing, prospective status and endpoint hierarchy must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Registry identifiers, timing, prospective status and endpoint hierarchy with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N13 · Are direct CIs and the meaning of ± available? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: First-day condition-specific ± values, P values and relative reductions are recorded for both iAUC endpoints, but direct between-condition 95% CIs, the meaning of ± and exact Yates/next-day effect intervals are unverified. The ± values are not made into CIs. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original model, effect estimator, variation definitions, direct CIs and condition-specific measurements/denominators. No new absolute differences, CIs or relative effects are calculated. - Required materials and conditions: Effect intervals and variation definitions for each endpoint/time/contrast - Materials to obtain first: Original model, effect estimator, variation definitions, direct CIs and condition-specific measurements/denominators. No new absolute differences, CIs or relative effects are calculated. - Further research: Material needed: Original model, effect estimator, variation definitions, direct CIs and condition-specific measurements/denominators. No new absolute differences, CIs or relative effects are calculated. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Effect intervals and variation definitions for each endpoint/time/contrast must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Effect intervals and variation definitions for each endpoint/time/contrast with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N14 · What is the clinical meaning of same-day iAUC? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original parent describes a conditional acute surrogate signal. The original 34%/20% or first-day P values are not converted into long-term HbA1c, diabetes complications or treatment effects. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Clinical-importance criteria for the selected population and direct long-term endpoints. No hypothetical glucose-change or risk-reduction examples are created. - Required materials and conditions: Acute metabolic measures versus long-term clinical importance - Materials to obtain first: Clinical-importance criteria for the selected population and direct long-term endpoints. No hypothetical glucose-change or risk-reduction examples are created. - Further research: Material needed: Clinical-importance criteria for the selected population and direct long-term endpoints. No hypothetical glucose-change or risk-reduction examples are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Acute metabolic measures versus long-term clinical importance must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Acute metabolic measures versus long-term clinical importance with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N15 · Were long-term HbA1c or complications measured? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The other existing subclaim, improved long-term HbA1c or diabetes complications, is graded ?, with an original note that the acute trials did not measure these outcomes. Same-day/next-day materials are not extended into long-term improvement. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct long-term HbA1c/complication definitions, duration, group-specific denominators, effects and CIs. Nonmeasurement does not certify no effect or the absence of all long-term research. - Required materials and conditions: Boundaries on extending the same-day question - Materials to obtain first: Direct long-term HbA1c/complication definitions, duration, group-specific denominators, effects and CIs. Nonmeasurement does not certify no effect or the absence of all long-term research. - Further research: Material needed: Direct long-term HbA1c/complication definitions, duration, group-specific denominators, effects and CIs. Nonmeasurement does not certify no effect or the absence of all long-term research. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Boundaries on extending the same-day question must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Boundaries on extending the same-day question with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N16 · Is this the same as the eight-week adjustable-desk question? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original account distinguishes the protocol and core endpoint from verdict 2245’s eight-week height-adjustable desk and broad cardiometabolic question. That verdict is not newly read or assigned a newly constructed link here. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Materials comparing those questions with the original protocols/endpoints. Desk installation or long-term management is not treated as a same-day static-standing effect. - Required materials and conditions: Original verdict 2245 reference and protocol/endpoint differences - Materials to obtain first: Materials comparing those questions with the original protocols/endpoints. Desk installation or long-term management is not treated as a same-day static-standing effect. - Further research: Material needed: Materials comparing those questions with the original protocols/endpoints. Desk installation or long-term management is not treated as a same-day static-standing effect. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original verdict 2245 reference and protocol/endpoint differences must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original verdict 2245 reference and protocol/endpoint differences with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N17 · Are shared reports counted as independent trials? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Parent 2995 and both subclaim sheets share the Henson/Yates report context. Sheets, reports, crossover conditions and measurement days are not counted as new independent trials, and the 22 participants and 60 analyzed are not summed. Unique-trial and participant totals are unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Report/cohort identities, incomplete-crossover conditions, shared researchers and analysis-population relationships. Unique counts and independence remain unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Reports, cohorts, selected questions and repeated measurements - Materials to obtain first: Report/cohort identities, incomplete-crossover conditions, shared researchers and analysis-population relationships. Unique counts and independence remain unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Report/cohort identities, incomplete-crossover conditions, shared researchers and analysis-population relationships. Unique counts and independence remain unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Reports, cohorts, selected questions and repeated measurements must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Reports, cohorts, selected questions and repeated measurements with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N18 · Which materials were actually read? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The complete parent stored summary was read and transferred. External abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols and SAPs are unread; a URL does not establish successful access or a fulfilled condition. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Actual acquisition/reading records for originals, appendices, plans and registration. No new external retrieval or access attempt was made in this work. - Required materials and conditions: Stored summaries versus external originals and registration - Materials to obtain first: Actual acquisition/reading records for originals, appendices, plans and registration. No new external retrieval or access attempt was made in this work. - Further research: Material needed: Actual acquisition/reading records for originals, appendices, plans and registration. No new external retrieval or access attempt was made in this work. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Stored summaries versus external originals and registration must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Stored summaries versus external originals and registration with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N19 · Where are bibliographic and registration identifiers recorded? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Henson records PMID 26628415, DOI 10.2337/dc15-1240 and NCT02135172; Yates records PMID 30403772, PMCID PMC6909896, DOI 10.1093/gerona/gly252 and NCT02453204. The original evidence objects have no separate nct field. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original materials linking report and registration contents/timing. No new URLs are inferred from identifiers; original citation locations and wording are preserved. - Required materials and conditions: DOI, PMID, PMCID and NCT in original citations - Materials to obtain first: Original materials linking report and registration contents/timing. No new URLs are inferred from identifiers; original citation locations and wording are preserved. - Further research: Material needed: Original materials linking report and registration contents/timing. No new URLs are inferred from identifiers; original citation locations and wording are preserved. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for DOI, PMID, PMCID and NCT in original citations must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects DOI, PMID, PMCID and NCT in original citations with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N20 · Are historical bilingual checks distinguished from this work? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original bilingual claims/notes and the parent’s historical account of checking two original trials, registries and overlap with 2245 are preserved. Citation statements that findings were checked are historical, not completion of new clinical review, registry verification or independent validation here. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original-text, translation, correction and claim-boundary review records. Historical checking language is not relabeled as completed current content review. - Required materials and conditions: Existing bilingual claims/notes and the scope of historical checks - Materials to obtain first: Original-text, translation, correction and claim-boundary review records. Historical checking language is not relabeled as completed current content review. - Further research: Material needed: Original-text, translation, correction and claim-boundary review records. Historical checking language is not relabeled as completed current content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Existing bilingual claims/notes and the scope of historical checks must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Existing bilingual claims/notes and the scope of historical checks with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N21 · Are subclaim values separated from parent grade/axes? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original subclaim grade C and its note are retained; subclaim score, safety and axes remain unrecorded. Parent C54/Unknown and B/S/R0/I2/E+/B2/CX are parent context, not a subclaim score, safety rating or independence certification. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original selected-subclaim/parent values and boundary checks. No new scores, axes, grades or efficacy reassessment are made. - Required materials and conditions: Original subclaim grade, absent values and parent C54 context - Materials to obtain first: Original selected-subclaim/parent values and boundary checks. No new scores, axes, grades or efficacy reassessment are made. - Further research: Material needed: Original selected-subclaim/parent values and boundary checks. No new scores, axes, grades or efficacy reassessment are made. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original subclaim grade, absent values and parent C54 context must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original subclaim grade, absent values and parent C54 context with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N22 · Are evidence date, corrections and production date distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original evidence date 2026-09-07, an empty corrections array and an empty deliberation string are preserved. This is not the current production/content-review date; empty records do not certify that no external corrections exist. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Actual corrections, follow-up materials and complete pre-change history. Original dates and empty arrays are not filled arbitrarily. - Required materials and conditions: Original evidence date and empty correction/deliberation records - Materials to obtain first: Actual corrections, follow-up materials and complete pre-change history. Original dates and empty arrays are not filled arbitrarily. - Further research: Material needed: Actual corrections, follow-up materials and complete pre-change history. Original dates and empty arrays are not filled arbitrarily. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original evidence date and empty correction/deliberation records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original evidence date and empty correction/deliberation records with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N23 · Are public funding and company involvement distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original funding is university/NIHR/NHS for Henson and UK public/university support for Yates. Public funding does not establish that product support, company employee authors or company analysis/reporting involvement are fully verified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original funding/COI, equipment/product support, author affiliations and analysis/publication roles. Parent I2 is not elevated into current independence certification. - Required materials and conditions: Funding, product support, employee authors and analysis/reporting roles - Materials to obtain first: Original funding/COI, equipment/product support, author affiliations and analysis/publication roles. Parent I2 is not elevated into current independence certification. - Further research: Material needed: Original funding/COI, equipment/product support, author affiliations and analysis/publication roles. Parent I2 is not elevated into current independence certification. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Funding, product support, employee authors and analysis/reporting roles must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Funding, product support, employee authors and analysis/reporting roles with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N24 · Are acute-crossover bias details verified? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Randomized acute incomplete-crossover/crossover design labels are preserved. Details of condition order, washout, period effects, allocation concealment, assessors, meal/measurement standardization, missing data and selective reporting are unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original methods, registration, protocol, SAP, repeated-measures models, valid values/denominators and reporting changes. A design label does not establish official RoB/GRADE assessment or a passed content review. - Required materials and conditions: Allocation, order, measurement, missing data and selective reporting - Materials to obtain first: Original methods, registration, protocol, SAP, repeated-measures models, valid values/denominators and reporting changes. A design label does not establish official RoB/GRADE assessment or a passed content review. - Further research: Material needed: Original methods, registration, protocol, SAP, repeated-measures models, valid values/denominators and reporting changes. A design label does not establish official RoB/GRADE assessment or a passed content review. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Allocation, order, measurement, missing data and selective reporting must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Allocation, order, measurement, missing data and selective reporting with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N25 · Are actual standing exposure and concurrent activity known? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original 7.5 hours, five minutes every 30 minutes and total of 60 minutes of static standing are preserved only for research identification. Condition-specific actual adherence, movement, meals, concurrent activity and valid measurement denominators are unverified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Original exposure, activity, meal, measurement and adherence records. No new frequency/exposure totals or standing/exercise instructions are created. - Required materials and conditions: Original protocol versus actual adherence/activity records - Materials to obtain first: Original exposure, activity, meal, measurement and adherence records. No new frequency/exposure totals or standing/exercise instructions are created. - Further research: Material needed: Original exposure, activity, meal, measurement and adherence records. No new frequency/exposure totals or standing/exercise instructions are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original protocol versus actual adherence/activity records must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original protocol versus actual adherence/activity records with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N26 · Are unknown safety and harm collection distinguished? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Parent safety status is Unknown. The original safety explanation records that systematic adverse-event rates in the acute metabolic trials were unavailable. No new harm rates, event counts or between-condition CIs were verified here. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Adverse-event definitions, collection methods, group-specific exposure/denominators, withdrawals, severity and harm results. Unknown is not changed to safe or zero events. - Required materials and conditions: Systematic harm collection, exposure, comparator and denominators - Materials to obtain first: Adverse-event definitions, collection methods, group-specific exposure/denominators, withdrawals, severity and harm results. Unknown is not changed to safe or zero events. - Further research: Material needed: Adverse-event definitions, collection methods, group-specific exposure/denominators, withdrawals, severity and harm results. Unknown is not changed to safe or zero events. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Systematic harm collection, exposure, comparator and denominators must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Systematic harm collection, exposure, comparator and denominators with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N27 · What about selected participants able to stand and long-term harms? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original account says findings in selected participants able to stand cannot be generalized directly to people with orthostatic intolerance or vascular/musculoskeletal conditions. Rare harms and long-term risks are not established by the acute summary. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Selection/exclusion criteria, comorbidities, harm surveillance, long-term exposure/denominators and actual follow-up. No new standing, exercise or treatment methods are written. - Required materials and conditions: Orthostatic, vascular/musculoskeletal conditions and long-term boundaries - Materials to obtain first: Selection/exclusion criteria, comorbidities, harm surveillance, long-term exposure/denominators and actual follow-up. No new standing, exercise or treatment methods are written. - Further research: Material needed: Selection/exclusion criteria, comorbidities, harm surveillance, long-term exposure/denominators and actual follow-up. No new standing, exercise or treatment methods are written. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Orthostatic, vascular/musculoskeletal conditions and long-term boundaries must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Orthostatic, vascular/musculoskeletal conditions and long-term boundaries with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ### N28 · Which materials would trigger an update? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread - Current findings: This sheet transfers existing same-day iAUC content. Related observations can be updated when selected-subclaim/parent boundaries and original endpoint, timing, comparator, condition-specific denominator, registration, funding, shared-report and harm materials are verified. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Complete pre-change preservation, material/condition versions, separate application and review records. No new calculations, grades, independence certification or standing/exercise, medication-change or treatment guidance are created. - Required materials and conditions: Separating source materials, applied conditions, observations and verdict changes - Materials to obtain first: Complete pre-change preservation, material/condition versions, separate application and review records. No new calculations, grades, independence certification or standing/exercise, medication-change or treatment guidance are created. - Further research: Material needed: Complete pre-change preservation, material/condition versions, separate application and review records. No new calculations, grades, independence certification or standing/exercise, medication-change or treatment guidance are created. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Separating source materials, applied conditions, observations and verdict changes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/trial, outcome units, times, actual comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separating source materials, applied conditions, observations and verdict changes with same-day iAUC in selected women, static standing versus walking, populations, direct comparators, condition-specific denominators, next-day/long-term boundaries, registration, support and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers, units and research exposure only. Distinguish first-day glucose/insulin iAUC from next-day null insulin, registered AUC from reported iAUC, 22 participants in Henson’s incomplete crossover from 60 older adults analyzed by Yates, and static standing from walking and long-term desk questions. No new differences, CIs, totals, exposure calculations, grades, independence/equivalence certification, exercise/standing instructions, medication changes or treatment guidance are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01, R02 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Henson J et al. Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting With Standing or Walking Attenuates the Postprandial Metabolic Response in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Acute Study. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(1):130-138. PMID: 26628415. DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1240. NCT02135172. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26628415/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread Findings recorded in the summary: glucose iAUC −34%, P=.022; insulin iAUC −20%, P=.045 Record level: Positive first-day report in selected overweight or obese postmenopausal women with dysglycemia. The 22 participants experienced two of three conditions; this is not a denominator completing every condition. Next-day insulin was null; next-day glucose, direct CIs, the meaning of ± and condition-specific analysis denominators are unverified. Independent replication: Parent 2995 and the same-day/long-term subclaim sheets share the preserved Henson/Yates report context. The same research team, two citations, crossover conditions and measurement days are not counted as new independent trials or participants. The 22 Henson participants and 60 analyzed by Yates are not summed; unique-trial/participant totals and cohort overlap are unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 26628415, DOI 10.2337/dc15-1240, citation NCT02135172 and retrospective-registration flag. A separate evidence nct field and PMCID are unrecorded. Registered-primary AUC is original wording; registration contents, dates, prospective status and plan adherence are unverified in this work. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 26628415, DOI 10.2337/dc15-1240, citation NCT02135172 and retrospective-registration flag. A separate evidence nct field and PMCID are unrecorded. Registered-primary AUC is original wording; registration contents, dates, prospective status and plan adherence are unverified in this work. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 26628415, DOI 10.2337/dc15-1240, citation NCT02135172 and retrospective-registration flag. A separate evidence nct field and PMCID are unrecorded. Registered-primary AUC is original wording; registration contents, dates, prospective status and plan adherence are unverified in this work. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 26628415, DOI 10.2337/dc15-1240, citation NCT02135172 and retrospective-registration flag. A separate evidence nct field and PMCID are unrecorded. Registered-primary AUC is original wording; registration contents, dates, prospective status and plan adherence are unverified in this work. | | Protocol/SAP | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 26628415, DOI 10.2337/dc15-1240, citation NCT02135172 and retrospective-registration flag. A separate evidence nct field and PMCID are unrecorded. Registered-primary AUC is original wording; registration contents, dates, prospective status and plan adherence are unverified in this work. | ### R02 Yates T et al. Metabolic Effects of Breaking Prolonged Sitting With Standing or Light Walking in Older South Asians and White Europeans: A Randomized Acute Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75(1):139-146. PMID: 30403772. PMCID: PMC6909896. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly252. NCT02453204. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30403772/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs and support disclosures unread Findings recorded in the summary: Standing versus uninterrupted sitting was null for primary insulin and glucose Record level: Conflicting report in a different older population with 60 analyzed. Preserve South Asians/White Europeans from the original bibliography. Exact effects, CIs, P values, condition-specific denominators and models are unverified; results are not copied into the selected women’s effect or interpreted as zero effect or equivalence. Independent replication: Parent 2995 and the same-day/long-term subclaim sheets share the preserved Henson/Yates report context. The same research team, two citations, crossover conditions and measurement days are not counted as new independent trials or participants. The 22 Henson participants and 60 analyzed by Yates are not summed; unique-trial/participant totals and cohort overlap are unverified. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Stored summary | Summary read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 30403772, PMCID PMC6909896, DOI 10.1093/gerona/gly252 and citation NCT02453204. A separate evidence nct field is unrecorded; Henson’s retrospective-registration flag is not transferred into an established registration date for this report. No new registry/full-text URLs are inferred; contents, timing, reading and prospective status remain unverified. | | External abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 30403772, PMCID PMC6909896, DOI 10.1093/gerona/gly252 and citation NCT02453204. A separate evidence nct field is unrecorded; Henson’s retrospective-registration flag is not transferred into an established registration date for this report. No new registry/full-text URLs are inferred; contents, timing, reading and prospective status remain unverified. | | External full text | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 30403772, PMCID PMC6909896, DOI 10.1093/gerona/gly252 and citation NCT02453204. A separate evidence nct field is unrecorded; Henson’s retrospective-registration flag is not transferred into an established registration date for this report. No new registry/full-text URLs are inferred; contents, timing, reading and prospective status remain unverified. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 30403772, PMCID PMC6909896, DOI 10.1093/gerona/gly252 and citation NCT02453204. A separate evidence nct field is unrecorded; Henson’s retrospective-registration flag is not transferred into an established registration date for this report. No new registry/full-text URLs are inferred; contents, timing, reading and prospective status remain unverified. | | Protocol/SAP | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Preserve the original PubMed URL, PMID 30403772, PMCID PMC6909896, DOI 10.1093/gerona/gly252 and citation NCT02453204. A separate evidence nct field is unrecorded; Henson’s retrospective-registration flag is not transferred into an established registration date for this report. No new registry/full-text URLs are inferred; contents, timing, reading and prospective status remain unverified. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Existing methodological links were reused for production. External originals were not reread and methodological content was not reassessed. ## What the statuses mean - Partly verified: Some information is present in the stored source, with detailed original materials still unverified; this does not mean review passed or clinical efficacy certified - Unverified: Detailed materials for the selected condition could not be established within the stored scope; this does not mean zero effect, zero studies or safety - Review incomplete: Awaiting user review - Met: Use only within the relevant condition's scope after user review; no automatic display in this preparation - Not reported: Distinguish only within materials actually read; do not turn unread external materials into unreported findings - Inaccessible: Not applied during this preparation because actual access was not tested - Not applicable: Use with a reason for non-applicability based on an explicit question boundary - Conflicting data: Judge after actual material comparison; review was not performed during this preparation - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: Do not use as a clinical grade encompassing currently unread materials ## Change history 2026-10-16 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public reader pages and material were prepared from the existing 28 items. No new clinical searches, verification-state changes or scoring were performed.