# Ice-slurry precooling × running time to exhaustion in heat Verdict 2989 · Evidence Check Stored-material review date: Not recorded Original evidence cut-off: 2026-09-07 Review-criteria version: 1.0 Public page/material preparation date: 2026-10-16 Clinical papers were not read directly; existing review summaries were checked. No new clinical-literature search was performed. Unverified does not mean that research is absent or that there is no effect. ## Assessment scope - Population: The context is 10 healthy men participating in the same two single-session conditions. Exact age, training, recruitment, eligibility and baseline health are unverified; these results are not transferred directly to women, people with disease, older adults or other training levels. - Ingredient, formulation and route: Original study exposure was a single oral pre-exercise ingestion of −1°C ice slurry. Composition, ice fraction, preparation/quality, exact ingestion intervals and actual adherence are unverified. - Dose: Original study exposure of 7.5 g/kg is preserved without converting it to total amounts by individual body weight or instructions for preparation, ingestion, cooling or exercise. Repeated ingestion during exercise is a separate question. - Comparator: The control is 4°C cold water at 7.5 g/kg in another single-session condition in the same people. This is not converted into no ingestion, other cooling methods or commercial-product comparisons. Composition, procedures, adherence and common exposures by condition are separately unverified. - Measured outcome: The endpoint is running time to exhaustion in minutes at first ventilatory threshold in 34.0°C and 54.9% relative humidity. Original 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001 are preserved. Definition of ±, within-person CI and prespecified hierarchy are unverified. Temperature, heat-illness events and real race results are distinguished. - Duration: This is an acute crossover trial of running to exhaustion after a single pre-exercise ingestion. Original statements of pre-exercise rectal temperature 0.32°C lower and terminal 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001, 0.31°C higher do not represent the same-time comparison throughout exercise, long-term follow-up or repeated-ingestion results. - Questions outside this scope: Extending increased time to exhaustion to direct effects on real race performance, other sports, long-term fitness, all populations or climates; Converting lower pre-exercise rectal temperature into lower temperature throughout exercise, heat-illness prevention or safety benefit; Using 10 people, two conditions, time/temperature or two subclaim sheets as new independent-trial/participant totals; Converting unmeasured/unverified data, empty values or grade ? into effect 0, event 0, safety or absence of all research; Calculating/certifying new effects, CIs, definitions of ±, total amounts by body weight, hypothetical numbers, grades, independence or prespecified hierarchy; Inheriting parent C54, Caution, axes or historical checks as a subclaim score or current clinical review, or creating preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, heat-illness-prevention or treatment instructions ## Checklist items ### N01 · What are the selected running-time question and verdict? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The selected question is “Longer running time to exhaustion in heat.” The parent running-time context and heat-illness-prevention subclaim are preserved; no new question, split or verdict is created. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Clinical independence of the question was not newly certified. - Required materials and conditions: Selected subclaim versus parent and heat-illness-prevention questions - Materials to obtain first: Clinical independence of the question was not newly certified. - Further research: Material needed: Clinical independence of the question was not newly certified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Selected subclaim versus parent and heat-illness-prevention questions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Selected subclaim versus parent and heat-illness-prevention questions with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N02 · What are the original subclaim grade, note and absent values? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Subclaim grade C and the note “A large acute signal of 50.2 versus 40.7 minutes” are preserved. The subclaim has no score, status or axes. Parent C54 and axes do not fill these absent values. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The selected subclaim's own score, status and axes are unrecorded. - Required materials and conditions: Subclaim grade/note and absent score/status/axes - Materials to obtain first: The selected subclaim's own score, status and axes are unrecorded. - Further research: Material needed: The selected subclaim's own score, status and axes are unrecorded. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Subclaim grade/note versus absent score, status and axes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Subclaim grade/note versus absent score, status and axes with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N03 · In which participants was the result observed? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The stored summary records 10 healthy men participating in two single-session conditions. Direct results for women, people with disease, older adults or other training levels were not presented. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Exact age, training level, recruitment/eligibility criteria and baseline health data are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Healthy men, recruitment and population scope - Materials to obtain first: Exact age, training level, recruitment/eligibility criteria and baseline health data are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Exact age, training level, recruitment/eligibility criteria and baseline health data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Healthy men, recruitment and population scope must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Healthy men, recruitment and population scope with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N04 · How are formulation, temperature and study exposure distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original study exposure was oral ice slurry at −1°C and 7.5 g/kg once before exercise. Total amounts by body weight and preparation/ingestion procedures are not newly calculated or instructed. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Composition, ice fraction, preparation/quality, exact ingestion intervals and actual adherence data are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original formulation, route and single pre-exercise ice-slurry exposure - Materials to obtain first: Composition, ice fraction, preparation/quality, exact ingestion intervals and actual adherence data are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Composition, ice fraction, preparation/quality, exact ingestion intervals and actual adherence data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original formulation, route and single pre-exercise ice-slurry exposure must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original formulation, route and single pre-exercise ice-slurry exposure with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N05 · What was the control condition and what does the comparison answer? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original record compares −1°C ice slurry and 4°C cold water, each at 7.5 g/kg, within people. It is not a comparison with no ingestion, other cooling methods or commercial products. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Cold-water composition, ingestion procedures and adherence by condition are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Cold-water temperature/exposure and the contrasted conditions - Materials to obtain first: Cold-water composition, ingestion procedures and adherence by condition are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Cold-water composition, ingestion procedures and adherence by condition are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Cold-water temperature/exposure and the contrasted conditions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Cold-water temperature/exposure and the contrasted conditions with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N06 · What were the actual heat and humidity conditions? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Running occurred at 34.0°C and 54.9% relative humidity. This is a fixed experimental environment; results for outdoor weather variation, sunlight or wind were not presented. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Environmental maintenance/measurement procedures, airflow, sunlight and effects in other conditions are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Experimental temperature, relative humidity and extrapolation - Materials to obtain first: Environmental maintenance/measurement procedures, airflow, sunlight and effects in other conditions are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Environmental maintenance/measurement procedures, airflow, sunlight and effects in other conditions are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Experimental temperature, relative humidity and extrapolation must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Experimental temperature, relative humidity and extrapolation with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N07 · What were the exercise intensity and exhaustion-test procedures? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The record describes running to exhaustion at first ventilatory threshold. Self-paced real races and fixed-duration exercise are separate questions. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Ventilatory-threshold determination, running equipment/speed maintenance, stopping criteria and assessor procedures are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Running at first ventilatory threshold and exhaustion assessment - Materials to obtain first: Ventilatory-threshold determination, running equipment/speed maintenance, stopping criteria and assessor procedures are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Ventilatory-threshold determination, running equipment/speed maintenance, stopping criteria and assessor procedures are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Running at first ventilatory threshold and exhaustion assessment must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Running at first ventilatory threshold and exhaustion assessment with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N08 · What time frame does time to exhaustion represent? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The selected endpoint is running time to exhaustion in minutes during one exercise session. It is not long-term fitness improvement, a fixed-distance race result or repeated ingestion during exercise. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Exact start/end definitions and the prespecified outcome hierarchy are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Time in minutes and test start/end definitions - Materials to obtain first: Exact start/end definitions and the prespecified outcome hierarchy are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Exact start/end definitions and the prespecified outcome hierarchy are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Time in minutes and test start/end definitions must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Time in minutes and test start/end definitions with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N09 · How are the original time values for the two conditions preserved? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The preserved result is ice slurry 50.2±8.5 versus cold water 40.7±7.2 minutes, P=.001. No new difference, standardized effect or CI is calculated. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The meaning of ±, such as SD or SE, the within-person analysis model and effect CI are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original condition means, ± notation and P value - Materials to obtain first: The meaning of ±, such as SD or SE, the within-person analysis model and effect CI are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The meaning of ±, such as SD or SE, the within-person analysis model and effect CI are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original condition means, ± notation and P value must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original condition means, ± notation and P value with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N10 · What relative-increase wording was originally reported? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The evidence record's +19±6% and the reader answer's 19% increase are retained as originally worded. This percentage is not recalculated from the two means or applied to hypothetical participants. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The percentage formula, individual calculation method, definition of ± and corresponding CI are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: +19±6% and the reader summary's 19% - Materials to obtain first: The percentage formula, individual calculation method, definition of ± and corresponding CI are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The percentage formula, individual calculation method, definition of ± and corresponding CI are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for +19±6% and the reader summary's 19% must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects +19±6% and the reader summary's 19% with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N11 · What does the statement that everyone improved in the same direction mean? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The parent counterview records that each participant served as his own control and all 10 moved in the same direction. This is a preserved statement; no new individual values or confirmed clinical replication are created. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Individual times, relative changes, errors and observations by order are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Within-person directional consistency and individual data - Materials to obtain first: Individual times, relative changes, errors and observations by order are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Individual times, relative changes, errors and observations by order are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Within-person directional consistency and individual data must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Within-person directional consistency and individual data with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N12 · Have the within-person difference and precision been confirmed? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: A significant P value and condition-specific ± values are preserved, but a 95% CI for the within-person difference was not provided. The parent's unrecorded precision is also preserved. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The paired-difference variance, correlation, CI and clinical-importance criterion are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Paired effect of interest, CI and meaning of ± - Materials to obtain first: The paired-difference variance, correlation, CI and clinical-importance criterion are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The paired-difference variance, correlation, CI and clinical-importance criterion are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Paired effect of interest, CI and meaning of ± must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Paired effect of interest, CI and meaning of ± with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N13 · How is pre-exercise rectal temperature distinguished from the time result? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The stored research account records rectal temperature 0.32°C lower before exercise. This is not transferred to a time-to-exhaustion effect or evidence of lower temperature throughout exercise. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Baseline time, absolute values, CI and temperature measurement methods are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Pre-exercise rectal temperature and measurement time - Materials to obtain first: Baseline time, absolute values, CI and temperature measurement methods are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Baseline time, absolute values, CI and temperature measurement methods are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Pre-exercise rectal temperature and measurement time must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Pre-exercise rectal temperature and measurement time with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N14 · What was the original temperature result at exhaustion? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Rectal temperature at exhaustion was 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001. The Korean/English accounts also preserve the original statement of 0.31°C higher at exhaustion. These values occur at different exhaustion times and are read separately from the time effect. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Measurement error, variance, CI and comparison at the same exercise time are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Terminal rectal temperature, original comparison and P value - Materials to obtain first: Measurement error, variance, CI and comparison at the same exercise time are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Measurement error, variance, CI and comparison at the same exercise time are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Terminal rectal temperature, original comparison and P value must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Terminal rectal temperature, original comparison and P value with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N15 · Why is heat-illness prevention separate context? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The same verdict's heat-illness-prevention subclaim has grade ? and a note that heat-illness events were unmeasured and terminal temperature was higher. It is distinguished from selected running time; no new prevention effect or harm incidence is created. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct heat-illness definitions, events, denominators and follow-up are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Prevention grade ?, note and actual event measurement - Materials to obtain first: Direct heat-illness definitions, events, denominators and follow-up are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Direct heat-illness definitions, events, denominators and follow-up are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Prevention grade ?, note and actual event measurement must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Prevention grade ?, note and actual event measurement with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N16 · Were real race performance and other sports directly tested? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The stored counterview records that real race performance and other sports were not tested. The original time-to-exhaustion increase is not extended to race ranking or record improvement. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct effects and CIs for fixed-distance/fixed-time races and individual sports are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Exhaustion tests versus race results - Materials to obtain first: Direct effects and CIs for fixed-distance/fixed-time races and individual sports are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Direct effects and CIs for fixed-distance/fixed-time races and individual sports are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Exhaustion tests versus race results must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Exhaustion tests versus race results with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N17 · How are repeated use and during-exercise ingestion distinguished? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original study-condition information records that repeated ingestion during exercise was not the tested question. Single-exposure data do not fill effects or safety for long-term repetition or during-exercise ingestion. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct data on repeated exposure, long-term effects and safety are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Single pre-exercise exposure versus repeated strategies - Materials to obtain first: Direct data on repeated exposure, long-term effects and safety are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Direct data on repeated exposure, long-term effects and safety are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Single pre-exercise exposure versus repeated strategies must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Single pre-exercise exposure versus repeated strategies with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N18 · What was originally recorded about the randomized counterbalanced crossover design? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original design is a randomized counterbalanced within-person crossover heat-exercise trial. It is read as two single-session conditions in the same participants; actual allocation adequacy has not yet been confirmed. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and participant numbers by condition order are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Condition-order allocation and within-person crossover - Materials to obtain first: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and participant numbers by condition order are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Sequence generation, allocation concealment and participant numbers by condition order are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Condition-order allocation and within-person crossover must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Condition-order allocation and within-person crossover with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N19 · Were crossover periods, washout and carryover addressed? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Only the two single-session conditions are preserved; between-condition intervals, washout periods and carryover/order-effect analyses were not presented. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Period, order and carryover effects and the applied model are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Between-condition intervals, period/order effects and analysis - Materials to obtain first: Period, order and carryover effects and the applied model are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Period, order and carryover effects and the applied model are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Between-condition intervals, period/order effects and analysis must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Between-condition intervals, period/order effects and analysis with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N20 · What factors could affect masking, motivation and exhaustion measurement? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The study information specifies two conditions differing in temperature and formulation, but the summary contains no participant/assessor masking or standardized motivation/encouragement procedures. Actual conduct is not inferred. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Masking, condition recognition, encouragement and stopping-assessment procedures are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Participant/assessor masking and exhaustion assessment - Materials to obtain first: Masking, condition recognition, encouragement and stopping-assessment procedures are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Masking, condition recognition, encouragement and stopping-assessment procedures are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Participant/assessor masking and exhaustion assessment must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Participant/assessor masking and exhaustion assessment with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N21 · Were shared hydration, meals, exercise and acclimation controlled? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original summary provides pre-exercise exposure, environment and intensity information, but does not present condition-specific control of hydration, meals, previous exercise or heat acclimation. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Baseline hydration, nutrition, training and heat-acclimation data by condition are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Condition-specific baseline state and concurrent exposure - Materials to obtain first: Baseline hydration, nutrition, training and heat-acclimation data by condition are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Baseline hydration, nutrition, training and heat-acclimation data by condition are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Condition-specific baseline state and concurrent exposure must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Condition-specific baseline state and concurrent exposure with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N22 · What are the participant, period and outcome denominators? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original n is 10 healthy men and two single-session conditions. Exact allocated/completed numbers, valid observations by condition and analysis denominators for each outcome were not separately presented in the summary. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Participant flow, observations by condition and outcome-specific denominators are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Allocation, completion and condition/outcome denominators - Materials to obtain first: Participant flow, observations by condition and outcome-specific denominators are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Participant flow, observations by condition and outcome-specific denominators are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Allocation, completion and condition/outcome denominators must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Allocation, completion and condition/outcome denominators with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N23 · How were the effect of interest and early discontinuation handled? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The within-person crossover contrast is preserved, but the analysis population, incomplete conditions and discontinuation/missing-data handling were not presented. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Complete observation status, analysis population, missing-data handling and sensitivity analyses are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Within-person time-to-exhaustion effect and missingness - Materials to obtain first: Complete observation status, analysis population, missing-data handling and sensitivity analyses are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Complete observation status, analysis population, missing-data handling and sensitivity analyses are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Within-person time-to-exhaustion effect and missingness must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Within-person time-to-exhaustion effect and missingness with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N24 · Was the primary/secondary hierarchy for time and temperature confirmed? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original classification's main-outcome field lists time and temperature together, as does the evidence record's endpoint. Field names do not newly certify preregistered coprimary or primary/secondary hierarchies. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The prespecified hierarchy and multiplicity plan for time and temperature are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Prespecified outcome hierarchy and multiple-outcome plan - Materials to obtain first: The prespecified hierarchy and multiplicity plan for time and temperature are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The prespecified hierarchy and multiplicity plan for time and temperature are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Prespecified outcome hierarchy and multiple-outcome plan must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Prespecified outcome hierarchy and multiple-outcome plan with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N25 · Were registration, protocol and SAP read? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Stored evidence/citation lists and original study information contain no registration identifier. External registration, protocol and SAP were not queried or read now. Absence of an identifier is not treated as proof of no registration. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Registration existence, identifier and prior-plan content are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Registration identifier and actual preserved/read materials - Materials to obtain first: Registration existence, identifier and prior-plan content are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Registration existence, identifier and prior-plan content are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Registration identifier and actual preserved/read materials must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Registration identifier and actual preserved/read materials with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N26 · What is the current scope of funding and commercial-involvement information? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original funding record is a historical statement of university investigators and no commercial manufacturer involvement recorded in the PubMed trial record. Original disclosures and PubMed content were not externally checked now. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Funding details, in-kind support and original author conflict disclosures are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Funding, manufacturer involvement and original disclosures - Materials to obtain first: Funding details, in-kind support and original author conflict disclosures are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Funding details, in-kind support and original author conflict disclosures are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Funding, manufacturer involvement and original disclosures must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Funding, manufacturer involvement and original disclosures with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N27 · How are report slots, crossover conditions and study families linked? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The current preserved list contains one Siegel 2010 report and one evidence record. The two conditions and time/temperature results are linked within that report's study scope; independent-trial or participant totals are not newly calculated. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Relationships to other reports, unique-trial counts and unique-participant totals are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Links and overlap among the same bibliography, study and participants - Materials to obtain first: Relationships to other reports, unique-trial counts and unique-participant totals are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Relationships to other reports, unique-trial counts and unique-participant totals are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Links and overlap among the same bibliography, study and participants must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Links and overlap among the same bibliography, study and participants with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N28 · What current evidence supports direct replication and independent reproduction? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Parent replication R1 and independence I2 are preserved as historical values. The single report in the current stored summary does not establish new independent-replication or trial counts. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The populations, study identities and overlap of separate independent reports are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Separate studies, populations, funding and protocols - Materials to obtain first: The populations, study identities and overlap of separate independent reports are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The populations, study identities and overlap of separate independent reports are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Separate studies, populations, funding and protocols must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate studies, populations, funding and protocols with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N29 · Has applicability to other populations, formulations and exposures been confirmed? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Only a single-session result in healthy men under the original exposure and environment is presented. Effects in other populations, temperatures, formulations or exposure levels are not newly estimated. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Subgroup/exposure-specific effects and direct comparisons are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Heterogeneity by population, formulation, temperature and exposure - Materials to obtain first: Subgroup/exposure-specific effects and direct comparisons are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Subgroup/exposure-specific effects and direct comparisons are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Heterogeneity by population, formulation, temperature and exposure must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Heterogeneity by population, formulation, temperature and exposure with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N30 · How are acquisition, actual reading and hyperlinks represented? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The complete parent stored summary was read and preserved now. The report's PubMed URL is provided as the original citation link. External abstracts, full texts, registration and protocols are unread; access/clicks were not attempted. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Current confirmation of original-paper content, methods and result tables remains incomplete. - Required materials and conditions: Stored summary versus access to external materials - Materials to obtain first: Current confirmation of original-paper content, methods and result tables remains incomplete. - Further research: Material needed: Current confirmation of original-paper content, methods and result tables remains incomplete. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Stored summary versus access to external materials must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Stored summary versus access to external materials with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N31 · How are the original Korean/English text, reference date and history preserved? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Complete bilingual text, reference date 2026-09-07, an empty corrections array and empty deliberation string are preserved. Parent C54, B/S/R1/I2/E+/B2, unrecorded precision, four false flags and empty grade-override reasons are historical values, not new review results. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Detailed external-paper translation and correction-history comparisons were not performed now. - Required materials and conditions: Original bilingual text, reference date, empty correction/deliberation records and historical axes - Materials to obtain first: Detailed external-paper translation and correction-history comparisons were not performed now. - Further research: Material needed: Detailed external-paper translation and correction-history comparisons were not performed now. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original bilingual text, reference date, empty correction/deliberation records and historical axes must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original bilingual text, reference date, empty correction/deliberation records and historical axes with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N32 · How were harm events collected? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The stored summary mentions higher terminal rectal temperature and possible gastrointestinal discomfort. Harm collection methods, event definitions and occurrence tables were not presented. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Adverse-event collection/classification, severity and clinical-event data are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection and stopping criteria - Materials to obtain first: Adverse-event collection/classification, severity and clinical-event data are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Adverse-event collection/classification, severity and clinical-event data are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection and stopping criteria must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Adverse-event definitions, active/passive collection and stopping criteria with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N33 · Is gastrointestinal-discomfort wording an actual event result? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original counterpoint states that rapid ingestion of a large cold volume can cause gastrointestinal discomfort. This statement alone does not create this trial's gastrointestinal events, denominators or risks. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Actual gastrointestinal discomfort, denominators by condition, severity and relatedness assessments are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Original caution statement versus reported events - Materials to obtain first: Actual gastrointestinal discomfort, denominators by condition, severity and relatedness assessments are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Actual gastrointestinal discomfort, denominators by condition, severity and relatedness assessments are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Original caution statement versus reported events must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Original caution statement versus reported events with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N34 · Were harm timing and observation duration confirmed? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The directions of pre-exercise and terminal rectal temperature are recorded, but observation periods for symptoms/events during exercise and after exhaustion were not presented. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Post-exhaustion follow-up, delayed symptoms and event timing are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Harm timing before/after exposure, during exercise and after exhaustion - Materials to obtain first: Post-exhaustion follow-up, delayed symptoms and event timing are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Post-exhaustion follow-up, delayed symptoms and event timing are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Harm timing before/after exposure, during exercise and after exhaustion must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Harm timing before/after exposure, during exercise and after exhaustion with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N35 · Were harm comparisons and denominators by condition confirmed? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Only terminal rectal-temperature comparison is preserved. Condition-specific denominators, effects and intervals for heat illness or gastrointestinal discomfort events were not presented. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Valid event-specific observations, denominators, condition contrasts and CIs are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Paired harm events, observation denominators and comparative estimates - Materials to obtain first: Valid event-specific observations, denominators, condition contrasts and CIs are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Valid event-specific observations, denominators, condition contrasts and CIs are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Paired harm events, observation denominators and comparative estimates must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Paired harm events, observation denominators and comparative estimates with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N36 · Are alternative causes and common exposures distinguished in harm interpretation? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Different times to exhaustion and different terminal temperatures are separately recorded as original results. The summary contains no causal data separating effects of environment, exercise duration and hydration state. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Time-matched comparisons, baseline state and separation of confounding from mediation are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Exercise duration, environment, baseline state and temperature - Materials to obtain first: Time-matched comparisons, baseline state and separation of confounding from mediation are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Time-matched comparisons, baseline state and separation of confounding from mediation are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Exercise duration, environment, baseline state and temperature must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Exercise duration, environment, baseline state and temperature with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N37 · Were harm-related withdrawals and missing observations confirmed? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The summary of 10 healthy men and two conditions does not separately record harm-related discontinuation/missingness or numbers of completed conditions. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Numbers, reasons and handling of withdrawal, discontinuation and missing observations are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Participant flow, test discontinuation and reasons for missingness - Materials to obtain first: Numbers, reasons and handling of withdrawal, discontinuation and missing observations are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Numbers, reasons and handling of withdrawal, discontinuation and missing observations are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Participant flow, test discontinuation and reasons for missingness must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Participant flow, test discontinuation and reasons for missingness with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N38 · Has independent harm evidence been acquired? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The current summary contains this performance trial's temperature information and caution context. Separate harm reports were not queried or acquired now. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: The identity, population and exposure of independent harm studies, surveillance or event reports are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Separate harm materials matching the same question - Materials to obtain first: The identity, population and exposure of independent harm studies, surveillance or event reports are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: The identity, population and exposure of independent harm studies, surveillance or event reports are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Separate harm materials matching the same question must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Separate harm materials matching the same question with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N39 · Were repeated, vulnerable-population and long-term harms confirmed? Verification status: Unverified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: A single experiment in healthy men is not transferred to repeated exposure, vulnerable populations or long-term safety. The original material does not present such direct results. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct harm results for repeated/long-term exposure or vulnerable populations are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Single exposure in healthy men versus other exposures/populations - Materials to obtain first: Direct harm results for repeated/long-term exposure or vulnerable populations are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Direct harm results for repeated/long-term exposure or vulnerable populations are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Single exposure in healthy men versus other exposures/populations must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Single exposure in healthy men versus other exposures/populations with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N40 · Are temperature signals, clinical events and causal safety questions separated? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Increased running time and higher terminal rectal temperature are different preserved observations. The original record states that heat-illness events were not measured; these data do not establish prevention, incidence risk or causal safety benefit. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Direct event comparisons, causal data and precision are unverified. - Required materials and conditions: Physiological measures versus heat-illness events and causality - Materials to obtain first: Direct event comparisons, causal data and precision are unverified. - Further research: Material needed: Direct event comparisons, causal data and precision are unverified. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Physiological measures versus heat-illness events and causality must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Physiological measures versus heat-illness events and causality with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N41 · How are follow-up materials linked to the same question? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: The original stored summary is preserved, with condition freezing/application and case production linked separately. Follow-up report identity, results, units, denominators, duration and actual reading are distinguished; condition revisions and verdict changes are also separate records. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: No later original material or actual reading/change event is currently recorded. - Required materials and conditions: Stored summary, condition versions, new-material events and original values - Materials to obtain first: No later original material or actual reading/change event is currently recorded. - Further research: Material needed: No later original material or actual reading/change event is currently recorded. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Stored summary, condition versions, new-material events and original values must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Stored summary, condition versions, new-material events and original values with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ### N42 · Are historical candidate records distinguished from content review? Verification status: Partly verified Reading scope: Stored summary read; external abstracts, full texts, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread - Current findings: Original candidate review-pending, production-eligibility and independence flags are preserved. Content review remains incomplete; new verdict units are 0 and confirmed independence totals are unrecorded. Production records are not converted into clinical review or independence certification. - Why unverified: The selected claim, parent material and reports are distinguished and transferred from the stored summary. Detailed original material is unverified and review of existing content remains incomplete. This does not establish completed clinical review or certification. - Reason for missing information: Follow-up content-review/change decisions and final independence totals remain unconfirmed. - Required materials and conditions: Historical candidate records, production and incomplete content review - Materials to obtain first: Follow-up content-review/change decisions and final independence totals remain unconfirmed. - Further research: Material needed: Follow-up content-review/change decisions and final independence totals remain unconfirmed. This records needed materials; no new research was executed. - Conditions for verification: Material for Historical candidate records, production and incomplete content review must be linked to the selected subclaim, parent context, same report/crossover trial, outcome units, times, comparator and denominators, distinguishing unread external material. - Why this condition is needed: This condition connects Historical candidate records, production and incomplete content review with selected running time to exhaustion, study population, original ice slurry/cold water, within-person crossover, environment, times, denominators, temperature and harms. - Application exceptions: Preserve original numbers while distinguishing single pre-exercise ice slurry/cold water comparisons, people/crossover conditions, time/temperature, pre-exercise/terminal times, exhaustion tests and real race/heat-illness events. No new arithmetic, effects, CIs, hypothetical examples, grades, independence certification or preparation, ingestion, cooling, exercise, prevention or treatment instructions are created. - Remaining uncertainty: External original material is unread and review of existing content remains incomplete. Original grades, scores, axes, historical verification and independence statements are not treated as new verdicts or certification. - Referenced methods: Preserved C/E/H application conditions concerning questions, populations, interventions, comparators, reports versus studies, endpoints, denominators and harms were referenced. - Related sources: R01 ## Evidence and sources ### R01 Siegel R, Maté J, Brearley MB, Watson G, Nosaka K, Laursen PB. Ice slurry ingestion increases core temperature capacity and running time in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(4):717-725. PMID: 19952832. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a. [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19952832/) Materials actually read: Stored summary read; external paper, registration, protocols, SAPs, original result tables and support disclosures unread Findings recorded in the summary: 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001; terminal rectal temperature 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001 Record level: Stored-summary single-session laboratory time to exhaustion and terminal rectal temperature. Definition of ±, within-person CI, detailed denominators and prespecified hierarchy are unverified. These are not transferred to real race, heat-illness prevention or clinical safety results. Independent replication: The single Siegel 2010 report of 10 healthy men in two single-session ice-slurry/cold-water conditions is the same randomized counterbalanced within-person crossover trial. Original time to exhaustion 50.2±8.5 versus 40.7±7.2 minutes, +19±6%, P=.001; rectal temperature 39.36 versus 39.05°C, P=.001; pre-exercise 0.32°C lower and terminal 0.31°C higher are distinguished. Definition of ±, within-person CI, exact denominators and prespecified hierarchy are unverified. The two conditions, time points, time/temperature and two subclaim sheets are not added as independent trials or participants. Unmeasured heat-illness events and the prevention grade ? note are distinguished from running time. Confirmed unique-trial, participant and independent-replication totals remain unrecorded. | Material | Public availability | Access status | Actually read | Notes | |---|---|---|---|---| | Stored existing review summary | Preserved copy of the complete parent-verdict stored summary | Summary read | Summary read | Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred. | | Abstract | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred. | | Full paper | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred. | | Registration material | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred. | | Protocol | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred. | | Statistical analysis plan | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred. | | Result tables and condition/harm records | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred. | | Funding/conflict-of-interest disclosures | Original bibliographic link or needed material; external public availability/access status unverified | Unread; access not attempted | Not read | Original PubMed URL, PMID 19952832 and DOI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bf257a are preserved. Registration identifier and PMCID are unrecorded. Bibliography alone does not certify current reading, acquisition, prior plans or condition fulfillment, and new URLs are not inferred. | ## Review criteria and methods These are Chamgap's own application conditions, informed by the relevant sections of official methodological guidance. They do not constitute official assessment-tool certification or a new efficacy score. - M03 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03) · §3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13 · Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions. · Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work. - M04 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04) · §4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42 · Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported. · Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work. - M08 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08) · §8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a · Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting. · Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work. - M15 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15) · §15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3 · Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision. · Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work. - M19 [Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10](https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19) · §19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4 · Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates. · Methodological principles stated in existing pilot materials and condition templates were referenced. The methodological text was not reviewed again in this work. ## What the statuses mean - Met: The original content has been reviewed as meeting the conditions. This status is not used in this preparation. - Partly verified: Some information in the stored summary was linked during preparation; clinical verification or review is not complete. - Unverified: Required direct values, definitions or materials have not been established within the current storage and reading scope. This does not mean zero effect, no papers or failed access. - Review incomplete: Awaiting user review, or actual review remains incomplete. - Not reported: Used only when original materials were actually read and the outcome was judged unreported. Not used for external materials unread in this work. - Inaccessible: Used only when an actual access attempt has a recorded failure. Not used for access that was not attempted in this work. - Insufficient evidence for the conditions: Indicates insufficient direct materials for the relevant scope or conditions; it is not a new grade. - Not applicable: Used when the reason it does not apply to the original question is stated. - Conflicting data: Retains the scope of conflicting statements in original materials; it is not an arbitrary reassessment. ## Change history 2026-10-16 · Public page/materials 1.0. Public pages and materials were created from the existing 42 items. No new clinical search, verification-status change, or scoring was performed.