{ "schema_version": "chamgap-public-criteria-1.0", "title": "Two-year caloric restriction × reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge: a checklist of measure-specific evidence gaps", "language": "en", "translation_date": "2026-10-11", "criteria_version": "1.0", "criteria_date": "2026-10-06", "condition_origin": "Chamgap's own application conditions", "method_sources": [ { "id": "M03", "version": "Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08", "url": "https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-03", "section": "§3.1, §3.2.1–3.2.3, MECIR C5/C7/C13", "official_principle": "Clearly record the question, eligibility conditions and reasons for changes, and distinguish variations in interventions.", "review_level": "Preserved methodology connections were reused for preparation. No new review of methodological content, reassessment or external-link checks were performed." }, { "id": "M04", "version": "Cochrane Handbook 6.5.1 (2025), chapter updated 2025-03", "url": "https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-04", "section": "§4.5, §4.6.1–4.6.3, MECIR C42", "official_principle": "Distinguish studies from reports and link them; do not omit a study solely because results are unreported.", "review_level": "Preserved methodology connections were reused for preparation. No new review of methodological content, reassessment or external-link checks were performed." }, { "id": "M08", "version": "Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10", "url": "https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-08", "section": "§8.1–8.2.3, Table 8.2.a", "official_principle": "Define the outcome and effect of interest, then examine randomization, deviations, missing data, measurement and selective reporting.", "review_level": "Preserved methodology connections were reused for preparation. No new review of methodological content, reassessment or external-link checks were performed." }, { "id": "M15", "version": "Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2023-08", "url": "https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-15", "section": "§15.2.4, §15.3.1–15.3.3", "official_principle": "Distinguish effect estimates, intervals, importance and applicability. Sample size alone does not determine precision.", "review_level": "Preserved methodology connections were reused for preparation. No new review of methodological content, reassessment or external-link checks were performed." }, { "id": "M19", "version": "Cochrane Handbook 6.5 (2024), chapter updated 2019-10", "url": "https://www.cochrane.org/authors/handbooks-and-manuals/handbook/current/chapter-19", "section": "§19.1.2, §19.2.1–19.2.4", "official_principle": "Harm questions may require different designs, populations and follow-up from efficacy questions. Case reports do not establish incidence rates.", "review_level": "Preserved methodology connections were reused for preparation. No new review of methodological content, reassessment or external-link checks were performed." } ], "status_dictionary": { "Partly verified": "Some information exists in the preserved review summary; detailed original materials remain unverified. This does not certify a passed review or clinical efficacy.", "Unverified": "Detailed materials for the selected condition could not be established within the stored scope; this does not mean zero effect, zero studies or safety", "Review incomplete": "Review of existing content incomplete", "Met": "Use only within the relevant conditions after existing content review; no automatic designation in this preparation", "Not reported": "Distinguish only within materials actually read; do not turn unread external materials into unreported findings", "Inaccessible": "Not applied during this preparation because actual access was not tested", "Not applicable": "Use with a reason for non-applicability based on an explicit question boundary", "Conflicting data": "Judge after actual material comparison; review was not performed during this preparation", "Insufficient evidence for the conditions": "Do not use as a clinical grade encompassing currently unread materials" }, "requirements": [ { "item_id": "N01", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the original PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge claim and subclaim assessment separated from the parent slowing context?", "needed": "Records of the subclaim's original wording, grade and note and the parent context", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Records of the subclaim's original wording, grade and note and the parent context", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Connect additional original material for each measure separately to the subclaim question and parent context." }, { "item_id": "N02", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Do the two PC measures concern healthy non-obese adults?", "needed": "Eligibility, baseline condition, age, BMI and group denominators", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Eligibility, baseline condition, age, BMI and group denominators", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original population and baseline characteristics and numbers analyzed for each measure." }, { "item_id": "N03", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the 25% target and about 12% achieved restriction distinguished as study exposures?", "needed": "Original plans, achieved restriction, duration, adherence and measurements", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Original plans, achieved restriction, duration, adherence and measurements", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original exposure measurements, individual adherence, restriction achieved over time and support records." }, { "item_id": "N04", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Is the actual comparison of control diets, support and concurrent changes available?", "needed": "Actual diets, contact, support and concurrent management by group", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Actual diets, contact, support and concurrent management by group", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original intervention, control, support, achieved-exposure and concurrent-change material." }, { "item_id": "N05", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are 220 randomized participants and the 197-person DNA analysis time-specific PC denominators?", "needed": "Group allocation, DNA samples and analysis denominators by measure and time", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Group allocation, DNA samples and analysis denominators by measure and time", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain group samples and analysis flows and denominators by time and measure." }, { "item_id": "N06", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are gaps in DNA sample selection, missingness, follow-up and models preserved?", "needed": "Missingness, selection, analysis populations, sensitivity analyses and models by measure", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Missingness, selection, analysis populations, sensitivity analyses and models by measure", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original DNA selection, missingness, models and sensitivity material." }, { "item_id": "N07", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the definition, units and original individual effects of PC PhenoAge directly available?", "needed": "Definitions, units, time points, denominators, effects and intervals for individual measures", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Definitions, units, time points, denominators, effects and intervals for individual measures", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original PC PhenoAge definitions, effects, CIs, P values and denominators by time." }, { "item_id": "N08", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the definition, units and original individual effects of PC GrimAge directly available?", "needed": "Definitions, units, time points, denominators, effects and intervals for individual measures", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Definitions, units, time points, denominators, effects and intervals for individual measures", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original PC GrimAge definitions, effects, CIs, P values and denominators by time." }, { "item_id": "N09", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the d range and P threshold presented jointly for the two measures distinguished from individual values?", "needed": "Detailed tables of original effects, intervals and tests by measure and time", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Detailed tables of original effects, intervals and tests by measure and time", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original tables of individual effects, CIs, tests, models and denominators." }, { "item_id": "N10", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are PC outcomes at 12 and 24 months preserved separately by time?", "needed": "PC values, changes, between-group effects and denominators at each time", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "PC values, changes, between-group effects and denominators at each time", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original tables and analysis denominators for both PC measures at each time." }, { "item_id": "N11", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Has the positive DunedinPACE signal been kept separate from PC reductions?", "needed": "Results, units, time points and direct original effects by measure", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Results, units, time points and direct original effects by measure", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Connect original effects, intervals, time points and models separately by measure." }, { "item_id": "N12", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Do the PC age measures and DunedinPACE pace measure quantify the same thing?", "needed": "Purpose, definitions, units, validation and applicability of each measure", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Purpose, definitions, units, validation and applicability of each measure", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original methods, units and validation material separately for each measure." }, { "item_id": "N13", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are DNA laboratory methods, batches, normalization and PC calculation directly preserved?", "needed": "Original methods for samples, platforms, batches, normalization and PC calculation", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Original methods for samples, platforms, batches, normalization and PC calculation", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original laboratory, measure-calculation and data-processing methods." }, { "item_id": "N14", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the post hoc analysis and the parent's prespecified clinical primary plan separated?", "needed": "Original registration, protocol, SAP, analysis selection, changes and hierarchy", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Original registration, protocol, SAP, analysis selection, changes and hierarchy", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain parent plans and records of post hoc measure selection, hierarchy and changes." }, { "item_id": "N15", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the split findings across three key measures and plans for multiple time points and tests preserved?", "needed": "Original plans for three measures, time points, effects of interest, multiplicity and selective reporting", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Original plans for three measures, time points, effects of interest, multiplicity and selective reporting", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain tests and adjustments by measure and time, original outcome lists and selective-reporting records." }, { "item_id": "N16", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are null or nonsignificant findings distinguished from exclusion of a clinically important effect or equivalence?", "needed": "Individual CIs, validated thresholds and prespecified success boundaries", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Individual CIs, validated thresholds and prespecified success boundaries", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original CIs, clinical-importance validation and prespecified plans for each PC measure." }, { "item_id": "N17", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are blinding and allocation procedures recorded at their actual measure-specific scope?", "needed": "Parent allocation, laboratory analysts, statistical analysis and measurement methods", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Parent allocation, laboratory analysts, statistical analysis and measurement methods", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original allocation, laboratory and analyst roles and blinding procedures." }, { "item_id": "N18", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Is the relationship between achieved exposure, weight or nutrient changes and PC effects directly verified?", "needed": "Achieved restriction, adherence, concurrent changes and prespecified mediation or effects of interest", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Achieved restriction, adherence, concurrent changes and prespecified mediation or effects of interest", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original achieved exposure, adherence, concurrent changes, models and plans." }, { "item_id": "N19", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Do gaps remain concerning post-intervention persistence, later measures and mechanisms?", "needed": "Follow-up duration, measures, denominators, original effects and direct mechanism measurements", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Follow-up duration, measures, denominators, original effects and direct mechanism measurements", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain direct post-intervention measures, models, denominators and follow-up material." }, { "item_id": "N20", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Do null PC findings establish null results for all clinical aging, disease or lifespan outcomes?", "needed": "Direct clinical endpoints, follow-up, events, denominators and effects", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Direct clinical endpoints, follow-up, events, denominators and effects", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Direct events, long-term follow-up and original effects are needed for each clinical question." }, { "item_id": "N21", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the same CALERIE report, measures and time points kept from being counted as new independent replication?", "needed": "Relationships among the parent trial, post hoc report, same participants and sibling sheets", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Relationships among the parent trial, post hoc report, same participants and sibling sheets", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Connect additional reports through original trial identifiers while retaining same-population relationships." }, { "item_id": "N22", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are funding, DunedinPACE inventors and commercial licensing preserved alongside the PC findings?", "needed": "Funding, invention, licensing, affiliations, provision and analysis roles", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Funding, invention, licensing, affiliations, provision and analysis roles", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original funding, measure-related disclosures, affiliations, analysis and manuscript roles." }, { "item_id": "N23", "question_type": "Supplementary harm evidence", "question": "Are absent safety reporting in this analysis and parent-trial harms separated?", "needed": "Analysis-specific and parent-trial harm plans, collection, events by group and denominators", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Analysis-specific and parent-trial harm plans, collection, events by group and denominators", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original parent-trial harm collection, events, exposure, discontinuation and denominators." }, { "item_id": "N24", "question_type": "Supplementary harm evidence", "question": "What gaps concern achieved two-year exposure, rare harms, discontinuation and long-term follow-up?", "needed": "Direct harms by group exposure, severity, discontinuation and duration", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Direct harms by group exposure, severity, discontinuation and duration", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Obtain original trial and follow-up harm, exposure, discontinuation and rare-event material." }, { "item_id": "N25", "question_type": "Supplementary harm evidence", "question": "Are harm replication, applicability and instructions for other populations or dietary exposures distinguished?", "needed": "Direct effects or harms and report relationships by population and exposure", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Direct effects or harms and report relationships by population and exposure", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Connect direct comparison and harm material for new populations or exposures separately." }, { "item_id": "N26", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the stored summary and actual access to external abstracts, full text, registration and SAP distinguished?", "needed": "Original links, registration identifiers, preserved original material and material-specific access records", "role": "Required", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Original links, registration identifiers, preserved original material and material-specific access records", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Connect provided original material with its actual material-specific access status." }, { "item_id": "N27", "question_type": "Comparative efficacy", "question": "Are the reference date, Korean and English text, empty values, subclaim and parent values, and production status preserved?", "needed": "Distinction among original text, assessment records, dates, corrections, candidate history and review status", "role": "Supplementary", "role_reason": "An individual condition for recording the selected measure, time, original values and applicability limits", "application_exception": "Unread external materials, other measures or out-of-scope outcomes do not establish that a condition is met, an effect is zero or safety is established.", "criterion": "Distinction among original text, assessment records, dates, corrections, candidate history and review status", "basis": "Reduced PC PhenoAge and PC GrimAge", "condition_origin": "Question-specific application conditions; existing content review remains incomplete and common definitions are not automatically fulfilled", "proposed_research": "Proposal: Reflect additional materials and decisions through preservation of original wording and separate events." } ] }